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href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8" title="গুণ চিহ্ন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গুণ চিহ্ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signe_de_multiplicar" title="Signe de multiplicar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Signe de multiplicar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A1t_(znak)" title="Krát (znak) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Krát (znak)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malzeichen" title="Malzeichen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Malzeichen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signo_de_multiplicaci%C3%B3n" title="Signo de multiplicación – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Signo de multiplicación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croix_de_multiplication" title="Croix de multiplication – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Croix de multiplication" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signo_de_multiplicaci%C3%B3n" title="Signo de multiplicación – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Signo de multiplicación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B1%EC%85%88%EA%B8%B0%ED%98%B8" title="곱셈기호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="곱셈기호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AF%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B6%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Բազմապատկման նշան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բազմապատկման նշան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanda_kali" title="Tanda kali – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tanda kali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_(matematica)" title="Per (matematica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Per (matematica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalteken" title="Maalteken – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maalteken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%97" title="× – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="×" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Znak_mno%C5%BCenia" title="Znak mnożenia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Znak mnożenia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinal_de_multiplica%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Sinal de multiplicação – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sinal de multiplicação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnul_%C3%AEnmul%C8%9Birii" title="Semnul înmulțirii – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Semnul înmulțirii" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Знак умножения – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Знак умножения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A1t_(znak)" title="Krát (znak) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Krát (znak)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krat" title="Krat – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Krat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplikationstecken" title="Multiplikationstecken – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Multiplikationstecken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF" title="பெருக்கல் குறி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெருக்கல் குறி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87arpma_i%C5%9Fareti" title="Çarpma işareti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çarpma işareti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Знак множення – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Знак множення" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mathematical symbol</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Times sign" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_times_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Sign of the times (disambiguation)">Sign of the times (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"×" redirects here. Not to be confused with the letter <a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Multiplication_sign" title="Special:EditPage/Multiplication sign">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Multiplication+sign%22">"Multiplication sign"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Multiplication+sign%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Multiplication+sign%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Multiplication+sign%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Multiplication+sign%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Multiplication+sign%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="max-width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #ccc; font-size: 500%; line-height:1.3; font-weight:normal; font-family:'times new roman', times, georgia, serif, sans-serif;">×</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;"><div style="background: #ccc; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.1em 0.25em 0.2em; line-height: 1.2em;">Multiplication sign</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+00D7</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">×</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MULTIPLICATION SIGN</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&times;</span>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;">Different from</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Different from</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0078</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">x</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">LATIN SMALL LETTER X</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;">Related</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">See also</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+22C5</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⋅</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Multiplication#Notation_and_terminology" title="Multiplication">DOT OPERATOR</a></span><br /><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+00F7</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">÷</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Division_sign" title="Division sign">DIVISION SIGN</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>multiplication sign</b> (<span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">×</span>), also known as the <b>times sign</b> or the <b>dimension sign</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical_symbols" title="Glossary of mathematical symbols">mathematical symbol</a> used to denote the operation of <a href="/wiki/Multiplication" title="Multiplication">multiplication</a>, which results in a <a href="/wiki/Product_(mathematics)" title="Product (mathematics)">product</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The symbol is also used in <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a>, in botanical <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_name_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybrid name (botany)">hybrid names</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Large_goods_vehicle" title="Large goods vehicle">heavy goods vehicle</a> industry, to calculate the amount of powered wheels. </p><p>The form is properly a four-fold <a href="/wiki/Rotational_symmetry" title="Rotational symmetry">rotationally symmetric</a> <a href="/wiki/Saltire" title="Saltire">saltire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The multiplication sign <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">×</span> is similar to a lowercase <a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a> (<span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">x</span>) which is not a four-fold rotationally symmetric saltire. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplication_sign&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The earliest known use of the <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">×</span> symbol to represent multiplication appears in an anonymous appendix to the 1618 edition of <a href="/wiki/John_Napier" title="John Napier">John Napier</a>'s <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Mirifici_Logarithmorum_Canonis_Descriptio" title="Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio">Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio</a></i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cajori_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cajori-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This appendix has been attributed to <a href="/wiki/William_Oughtred" title="William Oughtred">William Oughtred</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Cajori_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cajori-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who used the same symbol in his 1631 algebra text, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Clavis Mathematicae</i></span>, stating:</p><blockquote><p>Multiplication of species [i.e. unknowns] connects both proposed magnitudes with the symbol 'in' or <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">×</span>: or ordinarily without the symbol if the magnitudes be denoted with one letter.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>An earlier use of the symbol from the 1500s appears in <a href="/wiki/The_Ground_of_Arts" title="The Ground of Arts">The Ground of Arts</a>, where it is used in the context of a mental arithmetic method for computing simple, single-digit multiplications. <a href="/wiki/Rob_Eastaway" title="Rob Eastaway">Rob Eastaway</a> theorizes that this may have been the original influence for John Napier's more general usage.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two even earlier uses of a <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">✕</span> notation have been identified, but do not stand critical examination.<sup id="cite_ref-Cajori_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cajori-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplication_sign&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbol</a> × has a number of uses, including </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiplication" title="Multiplication">Multiplication</a> of two <a href="/wiki/Numbers" class="mw-redirect" title="Numbers">numbers</a>, where it is read as "times" or "multiplied by"<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_product" title="Cross product">Cross product</a> of two <a href="/wiki/Vector_space" title="Vector space">vectors</a>, where it is usually read as "cross"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartesian_product" title="Cartesian product">Cartesian product</a> of two sets, where it is usually read as "cross"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Geometric dimension of an object, such as noting that a room is 10 feet × 12 feet in area, where it is usually read as "by" (e.g., "10 feet by 12 feet")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_resolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Screen resolution">Screen resolution</a> in pixels, such as 1920 pixels across × 1080 pixels down. Read as "by".</li> <li>Dimensions of a <a href="/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics)" title="Matrix (mathematics)">matrix</a>, where it is usually read as "by"</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Interaction_(statistics)" title="Interaction (statistics)">statistical interaction</a> between two explanatory <a href="/wiki/Variable_(mathematics)" title="Variable (mathematics)">variables</a>, where it is usually read as "by"</li></ul> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a>, the multiplication sign is used in a botanical <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_name_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybrid name (botany)">hybrid name</a>, for instance <i>Ceanothus papillosus</i> × <i>impressus</i> (a hybrid between <i><a href="/wiki/Ceanothus_papillosus" title="Ceanothus papillosus">C. papillosus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Ceanothus_impressus" title="Ceanothus impressus">C. impressus</a></i>) or <i><a href="/wiki/Crocosmia_%C3%97_crocosmiiflora" title="Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora">Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora</a></i> (a hybrid between two other species of <i>Crocosmia</i>). However, the communication of these hybrid names with a Latin letter "x" is common, when the actual "×" symbol is not readily available. </p><p>The multiplication sign is also used by <a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">historians</a> for an event between two <a href="/wiki/Calendar_date" title="Calendar date">dates</a>. When employed between two dates –  for example 1225 and 1232 –  the expression "1225×1232" means "no earlier than 1225 and no later than 1232".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Monad_(functional_programming)" title="Monad (functional programming)">monadic</a> <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">×</span> symbol is used by the <a href="/wiki/APL_(programming_language)" title="APL (programming language)">APL programming language</a> to denote the <a href="/wiki/Sign_function" title="Sign function">sign function</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_notations">Similar notations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplication_sign&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Similar notations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Multiplication#Notation" title="Multiplication">Multiplication: Notation</a></div> <p>The lower-case Latin letter <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">x</span> is sometimes used in place of the multiplication sign. This is considered incorrect in mathematical writing. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">algebraic</a> notation, widely used in mathematics, a multiplication symbol is usually omitted wherever it would not cause confusion: "<span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">a</span> multiplied by <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">b</span>" can be written as <span class="texhtml"><i>ab</i></span> or <span class="texhtml"><i>a b</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other symbols can also be used to denote multiplication, often to reduce confusion between the multiplication sign × and the common variable <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span>. In some countries, such as <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, the primary symbol for multiplication is the "<a href="/wiki/Dot_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Dot operator">dot operator</a>" <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">⋅</span> (as in <i><span class="texhtml">a⋅b</span></i>). This symbol is also used in compound <a href="/wiki/Units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Units of measurement">units of measurement</a>, e.g., N⋅m (see <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units#Lexicographic_conventions" title="International System of Units">International System of Units#Lexicographic conventions</a>). In algebra, it is a notation to resolve ambiguity (for instance, "b times 2" may be written as <span class="texhtml"><i>b</i>⋅2</span>, to avoid being confused with a value called <span class="texhtml"><i>b<sub>2</sub></i></span>). This notation is used wherever multiplication should be written explicitly, such as in "<span class="texhtml"><i>ab</i> = <i>a</i>⋅2</span> for <span class="texhtml"><i>b</i> = 2</span>"; this usage is also seen in English-language texts. In some languages, the use of <a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop</a> as a multiplication symbol, such as <span class="texhtml"><i>a</i>.<i>b</i></span>, is common when the symbol for <a href="/wiki/Decimal_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimal point">decimal point</a> is <a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">comma</a>. </p><p>Historically, computer language <a href="/wiki/Syntax_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syntax (programming)">syntax</a> was restricted to the <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> character set, and the <a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">asterisk</a> <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">*</span> became the de facto symbol for the multiplication operator. This selection is reflected in the <a href="/wiki/Numeric_keypad" title="Numeric keypad">numeric keypad</a> on English-language keyboards, where the arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are represented by the keys <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">+</kbd>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">-</kbd>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">*</kbd> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">/</kbd>, respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Typing_the_character">Typing the character</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplication_sign&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Typing the character"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>, <a href="/wiki/SGML" class="mw-redirect" title="SGML">SGML</a>, <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> </td> <td><code>&times;</code> or <code>&#215;</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> </td> <td>In the Character Palette by searching for <i>MULTIPLICATION SIGN</i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Via the Emoji and Symbol input panel, invoked with the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⊞ Win</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">.</kbd> key combination (Windows 10 version 1803 and later)</li> <li>Via the Touch Keyboard component of the Taskbar (Windows 10 and later)</li> <li>Some non-English keyboard layouts have it as an explicit keytop, like in <a href="/wiki/Arabic_keyboard" title="Arabic keyboard">Arabic keyboard</a>.</li> <li>Using <a href="/wiki/QWERTY#US-International" title="QWERTY">US International keyboard layout</a>, use <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">=</kbd></li> <li>Via the <a href="/wiki/Character_Map_(Windows)" title="Character Map (Windows)">Character Map</a> utility: in the eighth row, or by searching</li> <li>The <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">0</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">2</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">1</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">5</kbd> key combination using the <a href="/wiki/Numeric_keypad" title="Numeric keypad">numeric keypad</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/OpenOffice.org" title="OpenOffice.org">OpenOffice.org</a> </td> <td>times </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> </td> <td> <ul><li><code>\times</code></li> <li><code>\cdot</code></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> (<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a>) </td> <td> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">U</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">D</kbd><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">7</kbd></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Compose_key" title="Compose key">Compose</a></kbd><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">X</kbd><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">X</kbd></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">AltGr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">,</kbd> (<a href="/wiki/QWERTY#United_Kingdom_(Extended)_Layout" title="QWERTY">UK extended layout</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode_and_HTML_entities">Unicode and HTML entities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplication_sign&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Unicode and HTML entities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+00D7</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">×</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MULTIPLICATION SIGN</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&times;</span>)</li></ul> <p>Other variants and related characters: </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+002A</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">*</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ASTERISK</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&ast;, &midast;</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2062</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">INVISIBLE TIMES</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&InvisibleTimes;, &it;</span>) (a zero-width space indicating multiplication)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+00B7</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">·</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MIDDLE DOT</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&middot;, &CenterDot;, &centerdot;</span>) (the <a href="/wiki/Interpunct" title="Interpunct">interpunct</a>, may be easier to type than the dot operator)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2297</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⊗</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CIRCLED TIMES</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&CircleTimes;, &otimes;</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+22C5</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⋅</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">DOT OPERATOR</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&sdot;</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2715</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">✕</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MULTIPLICATION X</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2716</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">✖</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">HEAVY MULTIPLICATION X</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2A09</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⨉</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">N-ARY TIMES OPERATOR</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2A2F</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⨯</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">VECTOR OR CROSS PRODUCT</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&Cross;</span>) (intended to <i>explicitly</i> denote the <a href="/wiki/Cross_product" title="Cross product">cross product</a> of two vectors)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2A30</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⨰</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH DOT ABOVE</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&timesd;</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2A31</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⨱</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH UNDERBAR</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&timesbar;</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2A34</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⨴</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN LEFT HALF CIRCLE</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&lotimes;</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2A35</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⨵</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN RIGHT HALF CIRCLE</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&rotimes;</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2A36</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⨶</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CIRCLED MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&otimesas;</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2A37</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⨷</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN DOUBLE CIRCLE</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&Otimes;</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2A3B</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⨻</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN TRIANGLE</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&tritime;</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2AC1</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⫁</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">SUBSET WITH MULTIPLICATION SIGN BELOW</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&submult;</span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2AC2</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⫂</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">SUPERSET WITH MULTIPLICATION SIGN BELOW</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">&supmult;</span>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplication_sign&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Division_sign" title="Division sign">Division sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mathematical_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mathematical symbols">List of mathematical symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plus_and_minus_signs" title="Plus and minus signs">Plus and minus signs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reference_mark" title="Reference mark">Reference mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_mark" title="X mark">X mark</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplication_sign&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWeisstein" class="citation web cs1">Weisstein, Eric W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Multiplication.html">"Multiplication"</a>. <i>mathworld.wolfram.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mathworld.wolfram.com&rft.atitle=Multiplication&rft.aulast=Weisstein&rft.aufirst=Eric+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathworld.wolfram.com%2FMultiplication.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiplication+sign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStallings2000" class="citation journal cs1">Stallings, L. (2000). "A Brief History of Algebraic Notation". <i>School Science and Mathematics</i>. <b>100</b> (5): 230–235. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1949-8594.2000.tb17262.x">10.1111/j.1949-8594.2000.tb17262.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-6803">0036-6803</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=School+Science+and+Mathematics&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+Algebraic+Notation&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=230-235&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1949-8594.2000.tb17262.x&rft.issn=0036-6803&rft.aulast=Stallings&rft.aufirst=L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiplication+sign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cajori-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cajori_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cajori_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cajori_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCajori1928" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Florian_Cajori" title="Florian Cajori">Cajori, Florian</a> (1928). <a href="/wiki/A_History_of_Mathematical_Notations" title="A History of Mathematical Notations"><i>A History of Mathematical Notations, Volume I: Notations in Elementary Mathematics</i></a>. Open Court. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmathema031756mbp/page/n269">251–252</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Mathematical+Notations%2C+Volume+I%3A+Notations+in+Elementary+Mathematics&rft.pages=251-252&rft.pub=Open+Court&rft.date=1928&rft.aulast=Cajori&rft.aufirst=Florian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiplication+sign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Oughtred1667" class="citation book cs1">William Oughtred (1667). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ld5EAAAAcAAJ"><i>Clavis Mathematicae</i></a>. p. 10. <q><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Multiplicatio speciosa connectit utramque magintudinem propositam cum notâ in vel ×: vel plerumque absque notâ, si magnitudines denotentur unica litera</i></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clavis+Mathematicae&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1667&rft.au=William+Oughtred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLd5EAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiplication+sign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=21Ho32fAEEM">"The Big X - Numberphile"</a>. <i>YouTube</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=The+Big+X+-+Numberphile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D21Ho32fAEEM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiplication+sign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNykamp" class="citation web cs1">Nykamp, Duane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathinsight.org/definition/cartesian_product">"Cartesian product definition"</a>. <i>Math Insight</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Math+Insight&rft.atitle=Cartesian+product+definition&rft.aulast=Nykamp&rft.aufirst=Duane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathinsight.org%2Fdefinition%2Fcartesian_product&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiplication+sign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newhartsrules00rmri/page/183"><i>New Hart's rules: the handbook of style for writers and editors</i></a></span>, Oxford University Press, 2005, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newhartsrules00rmri/page/183">183</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861041-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861041-0"><bdi>978-0-19-861041-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Hart%27s+rules%3A+the+handbook+of+style+for+writers+and+editors&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-861041-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewhartsrules00rmri%2Fpage%2F183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiplication+sign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071025090903/http://www.typografie.info/typowiki/index.php?title=Mac_Zeichenpalette">"Mac Zeichenpalette"</a> (in German). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-10-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mac+Zeichenpalette&rft.pub=TypoWiki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.typografie.info%2Ftypowiki%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMac_Zeichenpalette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiplication+sign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/00D7/index.htm">"Unicode Character 'MULTIPLICATION SIGN' (U+00D7)"</a>. <i>Fileformat.info</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fileformat.info&rft.atitle=Unicode+Character+%27MULTIPLICATION+SIGN%27+%28U%2B00D7%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fileformat.info%2Finfo%2Funicode%2Fchar%2F00D7%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiplication+sign" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiplication_sign&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eki.ee/letter/chardata.cgi?ucode=00D7">"Letter Database"</a>. <i>Eki.ee</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fileformat.info&rft.atitle=Unicode+Character+%27MULTIPLICATION+SIGN%27+%28U%2B00D7%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fileformat.info%2Finfo%2Funicode%2Fchar%2F00d7%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMultiplication+sign" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/2a2f/index.htm">"Unicode Character 'VECTOR OR CROSS PRODUCT' (U+2A2F)"</a>. <i>Fileformat.info</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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font-size:125%;"> ’ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ' </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophe</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ′ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ″ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‴ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_(symbol)" title="Prime (symbol)">prime</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> . </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> & </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ampersand" title="Ampersand">ampersand</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> @ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/At_sign" title="At sign">at sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ^ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Caret" title="Caret">caret</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> / </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)" title="Slash (punctuation)">slash</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> \ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Backslash" title="Backslash">backslash</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> … </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ellipsis" title="Ellipsis">ellipsis</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> * </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">asterisk</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ※ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Reference_mark" title="Reference mark">Reference mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⁂ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Asterism_(typography)" title="Asterism (typography)">asterism</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span>*<span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span>*<span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span>*<span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dinkus" title="Dinkus">dinkus</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> - </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Hyphen-minus" title="Hyphen-minus">hyphen-minus</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‒ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> – </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> — </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dash" title="Dash">dash</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⹀ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⸗ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Double_hyphen" title="Double hyphen">double hyphen</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ? </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Question_mark" title="Question mark">question mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ! </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Exclamation_mark" title="Exclamation mark">exclamation mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‽ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Interrobang" title="Interrobang">interrobang</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¡ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¿ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Inverted_question_and_exclamation_marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Inverted question and exclamation marks">inverted ! and ?</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⸮ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Irony_punctuation" title="Irony punctuation">irony punctuation</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> # </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">number sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> № </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Numero_sign" title="Numero sign">numero sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> º </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ª </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ordinal_indicator" title="Ordinal indicator">ordinal indicator</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> % </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Percent_sign" title="Percent sign">percent sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‰ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Per_mille" title="Per mille">per mille</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‱ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Basis_point" title="Basis point">basis point</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ° </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Degree_symbol" title="Degree symbol">degree symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⌀ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Diameter#Symbol" title="Diameter">diameter sign</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> + </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> − </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Plus_and_minus_signs" title="Plus and minus signs">plus and minus signs</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> × </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">multiplication sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ÷ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Division_sign" title="Division sign">division sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ~ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde">tilde</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ± </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Plus%E2%80%93minus_sign" title="Plus–minus sign">plus–minus sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ∓ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Minus-plus_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Minus-plus sign">minus-plus sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> √ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Radical_symbol" title="Radical symbol">radical symbol</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> _ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore">underscore</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <span style="position: relative; top: 0.25em;">⁀</span> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Tie_(typography)" title="Tie (typography)">tie</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> | </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¦ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‖ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Vertical_bar" title="Vertical bar">vertical bar</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> • </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Bullet_(typography)" title="Bullet (typography)">bullet</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> · </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Interpunct" title="Interpunct">interpunct</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> © </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Copyright_symbol" title="Copyright symbol">copyright symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ℗ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_copyright_symbol" title="Sound recording copyright symbol">sound recording copyright</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ® </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Registered_trademark_symbol" title="Registered trademark symbol">registered trademark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <sup><span style="font-size:85%">SM</span></sup> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Service_mark_symbol" title="Service mark symbol">service mark symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <sup><span style="font-size:85%">TM</span></sup> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Trademark_symbol" title="Trademark symbol">trademark symbol</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‘ ’ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> “ ” </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ' ' </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> " " </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Quotation_mark" title="Quotation mark">quotation mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‹ › </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> « » </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Guillemet" title="Guillemet">guillemet</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ( ) </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> [ ] </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> { } </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⟨ ⟩ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Bracket" title="Bracket">bracket</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ” </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ditto_mark" title="Ditto mark">ditto mark</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> † </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‡ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dagger_(mark)" title="Dagger (mark)">dagger</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ❧ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Fleuron_(typography)" title="Fleuron (typography)">fleuron</a> (hedera, aldus)</span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ☞ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Manicule" title="Manicule">manicule</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ◊ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⌑ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Lozenge_(shape)" title="Lozenge (shape)">lozenge</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¶ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⸿ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Pilcrow" title="Pilcrow">pilcrow</a> (paragraph mark)</span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> § </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Section_sign" title="Section sign">section mark</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">Version of this table as a sortable list</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">Currency symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a> (accents)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_logic_symbols" title="List of logic symbols">Logic symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mathematical_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mathematical symbols">Math symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_punctuation" title="Chinese punctuation">Chinese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_punctuation" title="Hebrew punctuation">Hebrew punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_punctuation" title="Japanese punctuation">Japanese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_punctuation" title="Korean punctuation">Korean punctuation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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