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interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panbabilonisme" title="Panbabilonisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Panbabilonisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panbabylonismus" title="Panbabylonismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Panbabylonismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pambabilonismo" title="Pambabilonismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pambabilonismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panbabilonianisme" title="Panbabilonianisme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Panbabilonianisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panbabilonismo" title="Panbabilonismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Panbabilonismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9F-%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="פאן-בבילוניזם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פאן-בבילוניזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Панвавилонизм – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Панвавилонизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%8E%E3%83%90%E3%83%93%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="汎バビロニア主義 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="汎バビロニア主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panbabilonizm" title="Panbabilonizm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Panbabilonizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Панвавилонизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Панвавилонизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panbabylonism" title="Panbabylonism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Panbabylonism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panbabilizm" title="Panbabilizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Panbabilizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Панвавилонізм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Панвавилонізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E5%80%AB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="泛巴比倫主義 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="泛巴比倫主義" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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searchaux" style="display:none">Archaeological school of thought</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fertile_Crescent_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Fertile_Crescent_map.png/220px-Fertile_Crescent_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Fertile_Crescent_map.png/330px-Fertile_Crescent_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Fertile_Crescent_map.png/440px-Fertile_Crescent_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1988" data-file-height="2443" /></a><figcaption>A map showing the generally defined area of the Fertile Crescent in red</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Panbabylonism</b> (also known as <b>Panbabylonianism</b>) was the school of thought that considered the cultures and religions of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and civilization in general to be ultimately derived from <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian mythology">Babylonian myths</a> which in turn they viewed as being based on <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_astronomy" title="Babylonian astronomy">Babylonian astronomy</a>, often in hidden ways.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panbabylonism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A related school of thought is the Bible-Babel school, which regarded the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> to be directly derived from <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian (Babylonian) mythology</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>; both are forms of <a href="/wiki/Hyperdiffusionism_in_archaeology" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperdiffusionism in archaeology">hyperdiffusionism in archaeology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-megaliths_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-megaliths-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both theories were popular in Germany, and Panbabylonism remained popular from the late 19th century to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. Prominent advocates included <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Delitzsch" title="Friedrich Delitzsch">Friedrich Delitzsch</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Jensen_(Orientalist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Jensen (Orientalist) (page does not exist)">Peter Jensen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jeremias" title="Alfred Jeremias">Alfred Jeremias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Winckler" title="Hugo Winckler">Hugo Winckler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Panbabylonist thought largely disappeared from legitimate scholarship after the death of one of its greatest proponents, <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Winckler" title="Hugo Winckler">Hugo Winckler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-megaliths_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-megaliths-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The claims of the school were largely discredited by astronomical and chronological arguments of <a href="/wiki/Franz_Xaver_Kugler" title="Franz Xaver Kugler">Franz Xaver Kugler</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> priest).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bm-epic-g.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bm-epic-g.jpg/200px-Bm-epic-g.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bm-epic-g.jpg/300px-Bm-epic-g.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bm-epic-g.jpg/400px-Bm-epic-g.jpg 2x" data-file-width="933" data-file-height="1101" /></a><figcaption>The <i><a href="/wiki/Atra-Hasis" title="Atra-Hasis">Atra-Hasis</a></i> on a <a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform script">cuneiform</a> tablet in the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panbabylonism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_near_eastern_cosmology" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient near eastern cosmology">Ancient near eastern cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Semitic_religion" title="Ancient Semitic religion">Ancient Semitic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity and Paganism">Christianity and Paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_mythology" title="Comparative mythology">Comparative mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_religion" title="Comparative religion">Comparative religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian religion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Babylons" title="The Two Babylons">The Two Babylons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="Worship of heavenly bodies">Worship of heavenly bodies</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panbabylonism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFToy1910" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Crawford_H._Toy" class="mw-redirect" title="Crawford H. Toy">Toy, Crawford H.</a> (1910). "Panbabylonianism". <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Theological_Review" title="Harvard Theological Review">Harvard Theological Review</a></i>. <b>3</b> (1): 47–84. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0017816000005782">10.1017/S0017816000005782</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3142227">3142227</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248820620">248820620</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Theological+Review&rft.atitle=Panbabylonianism&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=47-84&rft.date=1910&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A248820620%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3142227%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0017816000005782&rft.aulast=Toy&rft.aufirst=Crawford+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanbabylonism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-megaliths-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-megaliths_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-megaliths_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2000" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Peter Lancaster (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bHMV2-ZoUd8C&pg=PA267"><i>Megaliths, Myths, and Men: An Introduction to Astro-Archaeology</i></a> (Dover ed.). Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. p. 267. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486411453" title="Special:BookSources/9780486411453"><bdi>9780486411453</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Megaliths%2C+Myths%2C+and+Men%3A+An+Introduction+to+Astro-Archaeology&rft.place=Mineola%2C+NY&rft.pages=267&rft.edition=Dover&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780486411453&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Peter+Lancaster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbHMV2-ZoUd8C%26pg%3DPA267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanbabylonism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gold, Daniel. (2003). <i>Aesthetics and Analysis in Writing on Religion: Modern Fascinations</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. pp. 149-158. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520236141" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520236141">978-0520236141</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scherer, Frank F. (2015). <i>The Freudian Orient: Early Psychoanalysis, Anti-Semitic Challenge, and the Vicissitudes of Orientalist Discourse</i>. Kanarc Books. p. 18. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78220-296-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78220-296-7">978-1-78220-296-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jong, Teije de. <i>Babylonian Astronomy 1880-1950: The Players and the Field</i>. In Alexander Jones, <a href="/wiki/Christine_Proust" title="Christine Proust">Christine Proust</a>, John M. Steele. (2016). <i>A Mathematician's Journeys: Otto Neugebauer and Modern Transformations of Ancient Science</i>. Springer. pp. 285-286. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-25863-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-25863-8">978-3-319-25863-8</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panbabylonism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Anonymous. (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30083984"><i>Some Recent Books on Panbabylonism</i></a>. <i>Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review</i> 1 (3): 563–578.</li> <li>G. H. Richardson. (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3142227"><i>The Abuse of Biblical Archaeology</i></a>. <i>The Biblical World</i> 47 (2): 94–99.</li> <li>Bill T. Arnold and David B. Weisberg. (2002). "A Centennial Review of Friedrich Delitzsch's "Babel und Bibel" Lectures." <i>Journal of Biblical Literature</i> 121/3: 441–57.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panbabylonism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/panbabylonism">Panbabylonism</a>. New Catholic Encyclopedia, 2003.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100501141458/http://members.westnet.com.au/Gary-David-Thompson/page9e.html">The Development, Heyday, and Demise of Panbabylonism</a> by Gary D. Thompson.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panbabylonism&oldid=1260074857">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panbabylonism&oldid=1260074857</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Assyriology" title="Category:Assyriology">Assyriology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Babylonia" title="Category:Babylonia">Babylonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biblical_criticism" title="Category:Biblical criticism">Biblical criticism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Comparative_mythology" title="Category:Comparative mythology">Comparative mythology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Judaism_and_other_religions" title="Category:Judaism and other religions">Judaism and other religions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mesopotamian_mythology" title="Category:Mesopotamian mythology">Mesopotamian mythology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fringe_theories" title="Category:Fringe theories">Fringe theories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Obsolete_scientific_theories" title="Category:Obsolete scientific theories">Obsolete scientific theories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hyperdiffusionism" title="Category:Hyperdiffusionism">Hyperdiffusionism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_religion_studies" title="Category:History of religion studies">History of religion studies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Theological_controversies" title="Category:Theological controversies">Theological controversies</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 November 2024, at 18:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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