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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Australian politician (1816–1891)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Sir John Robertson</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" title="Order of St Michael and St George">KCMG</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Studio_Portrait_of_Sir_John_Robertson,_ca._1890_PXA_1023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Studio_Portrait_of_Sir_John_Robertson%2C_ca._1890_PXA_1023.jpg/220px-Studio_Portrait_of_Sir_John_Robertson%2C_ca._1890_PXA_1023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Studio_Portrait_of_Sir_John_Robertson%2C_ca._1890_PXA_1023.jpg/330px-Studio_Portrait_of_Sir_John_Robertson%2C_ca._1890_PXA_1023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Studio_Portrait_of_Sir_John_Robertson%2C_ca._1890_PXA_1023.jpg/440px-Studio_Portrait_of_Sir_John_Robertson%2C_ca._1890_PXA_1023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait of Sir John Robertson, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1890</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">5th <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_South_Wales" title="Premier of New South Wales">Premier of New South Wales</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />9 March 1860 – 9 January 1861</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Forster_(Australian_politician)" title="William Forster (Australian politician)">William Forster</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cowper" title="Charles Cowper">Charles Cowper</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />27 October 1868 – 12 January 1870</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Martin_(premier)" title="James Martin (premier)">James Martin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cowper" title="Charles Cowper">Charles Cowper</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />9 February 1875 – 21 March 1877</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Parkes" title="Henry Parkes">Henry Parkes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Parkes" title="Henry Parkes">Henry Parkes</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />17 August – 17 December 1877</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Parkes" title="Henry Parkes">Henry Parkes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Farnell" title="James Farnell">James Farnell</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />22 December 1885 – 22 February 1886</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Dibbs" title="George Dibbs">George Dibbs</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Jennings" title="Patrick Jennings">Sir Patrick Jennings</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1816-10-15</span>)</span>15 October 1816<br /><a href="/wiki/Bow,_London" title="Bow, London">Bow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">8 May 1891<span style="display:none">(1891-05-08)</span> (aged 74)<br /><a href="/wiki/Watsons_Bay" title="Watsons Bay">Watsons Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, Australia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Margaret Emma "Madge" Davies</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">9</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir John Robertson</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George">KCMG</a></span></span> (15 October 1816 – 8 May 1891) was a London-born Australian politician and <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_South_Wales" title="Premier of New South Wales">Premier of New South Wales</a> on five occasions. Robertson is best remembered for land reform and in particular the <a href="/wiki/Robertson_Land_Acts" title="Robertson Land Acts">Robertson Land Acts</a> of 1861, which sought to open up the selection of Crown land and break the monopoly of the squatters. </p><p>Robertson was elected to Parliament in 1856 supporting <a href="/wiki/Manhood_suffrage" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhood suffrage">manhood suffrage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secret_ballot" title="Secret ballot">secret ballot</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Legislative_Assembly_electoral_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="New South Wales Legislative Assembly electoral districts">electorates</a> based on equal populations, abolition of state aid to religion, government non-denominational schools, <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a>, and land reform. He saw free selection of <a href="/wiki/Crown_land" title="Crown land">crown land</a> before survey as the key to social reform with poor settlers being able to occupy agricultural and pastoral land, even that occupied by lease-holding <a href="/wiki/Squatting_(pastoral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squatting (pastoral)">squatters</a>. This insight enabled him to dominate the politics of 1856–61.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Robertson_(premier)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Robertson was born at <a href="/wiki/Bow,_London" title="Bow, London">Bow, London</a>, the fourth child and third son of James Robertson, a watchmaker and pastoralist from Scotland, and English woman Anna Marie Ripley, who married in <a href="/wiki/Stepney" title="Stepney">Stepney</a>, London in 1809. Subsequently, on the advice of Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brisbane" title="Thomas Brisbane">Thomas Brisbane</a>, the then Governor of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, the family emigrated to Australia, arriving on the "Providence" on 8 January 1822. They were apparently in good circumstances, for, according to the custom of the time, anyone bringing to the colony a sum of not less than £2,500 was entitled to a first class grant of 2500 acres (10 km<sup>2</sup>) of land, and this they received in the <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunter Valley">Hunter Valley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>James Robertson senior worked as a watchmaker and silversmith, and became Supervisor of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brisbane" title="Thomas Brisbane">Governor Brisbane's</a> astronomical instruments and clocks at the government observatory in the <a href="/wiki/Parramatta" title="Parramatta">Parramatta</a> Domain. He received a 35 hectare grant of land at Robertson's Point (subsequently <a href="/wiki/Cremorne_Point" title="Cremorne Point">Cremorne Point</a>), on the north shore of <a href="/wiki/Port_Jackson" title="Port Jackson">Sydney Harbour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At five years of age the young Robertson was sent to the new school in Sydney just opened by <a href="/wiki/John_Dunmore_Lang" title="John Dunmore Lang">John Dunmore Lang</a>. He subsequently attended schools kept by Bradley Gilchrist and <a href="/wiki/William_Timothy_Cape" title="William Timothy Cape">W. T. Cape</a>. Among his schoolfellows were two other boys also destined to become premiers of New South Wales, <a href="/wiki/James_Martin_(premier)" title="James Martin (premier)">James Martin</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Forster_(Australian_politician)" title="William Forster (Australian politician)">William Forster</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On leaving school about the year 1833 Robertson went to sea and worked his passage to England where, through the medium of some letters of introduction, he accidentally came in contact with <a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Lord Palmerston</a>. The personality of the young man so impressed Palmerston that he invited him to stay with him for a few days in the country. There he introduced him to various distinguished people, and afterwards, when he was leaving England, gave him a letter to the New South Wales governor, Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bourke" title="Richard Bourke">Richard Bourke</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Robertson visited France and South America, and, after an absence of two years, left the sea and joined his family in northern New South Wales. He engaged in <a href="/wiki/Pastoralism" title="Pastoralism">grazing</a> and the farming of crops for some years. He married Margaret Emma "Madge" Davies when he was 21; they were to have three sons and six daughters. He made himself prominent in the struggle between the <a href="/wiki/Squatting_(pastoral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squatting (pastoral)">squatters</a> and Governor Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Gipps" title="George Gipps">George Gipps</a>, who attempted to restrict the expansion of grazing in northwestern New South Wales.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parliamentary_career">Parliamentary career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Robertson_(premier)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Parliamentary career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_John_Robertson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sir_John_Robertson.jpg/220px-Sir_John_Robertson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sir_John_Robertson.jpg/330px-Sir_John_Robertson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sir_John_Robertson.jpg/440px-Sir_John_Robertson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Sir John Robertson, c. 1890</figcaption></figure> <p>With the establishment of responsible government in 1856, Robertson stood for the <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Legislative_Assembly" title="New South Wales Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a> seat of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Phillip,_Brisbane_and_Bligh" title="Electoral district of Phillip, Brisbane and Bligh">Phillip, Brisbane and Bligh</a>, promising manhood suffrage, secret ballot, electorates based on equal populations, abolition of state aid to religion, government non-denominational schools, free trade, and free selection of crown lands before survey. Although unable to campaign due to poor health he won and took his seat with the Liberal party. Although he held rural <a href="/wiki/Fee_simple" title="Fee simple">freehold</a>, squatting leases and leased land to tenant farmers, he became convinced that agriculture was being unfairly handicapped by the land laws. He believed that social equilibrium could be achieved through land reform and he gained great support in urban and rural areas as a result.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nsw_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1858, he joined the second <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cowper" title="Charles Cowper">Cowper</a> ministry as Secretary for Lands and Public Works. He was largely responsible for amending the electoral law to introduce adult male franchise, increase Legislative Assembly seats from 54 to 80, although eight of these were abolished when <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_Queensland" title="Separation of Queensland">Queensland separated</a> in late 1859. It also included a seat for the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_University_of_Sydney" title="Electoral district of University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a> once it had 100 graduates, which did not occur to 1876. In the June 1859 general election, he was re-elected to his seat, now called <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Upper_Hunter" title="Electoral district of Upper Hunter">Upper Hunter</a>. The Cowper government was defeated in October 1859, partly as a result of Robertson's opposition to the education bill. The succeeding <a href="/wiki/William_Forster_(Australian_politician)" title="William Forster (Australian politician)">Forster</a> government was forced to resign when it lost a parliamentary vote in February 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Robertson_by_Alfred_Clint.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/John_Robertson_by_Alfred_Clint.jpg/220px-John_Robertson_by_Alfred_Clint.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/John_Robertson_by_Alfred_Clint.jpg/330px-John_Robertson_by_Alfred_Clint.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/John_Robertson_by_Alfred_Clint.jpg/440px-John_Robertson_by_Alfred_Clint.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2330" data-file-height="3500" /></a><figcaption>Robertson by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Clint_(Australian_painter)" title="Alfred Clint (Australian painter)">Alfred Clint</a>, 1882</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_ministry_and_land_reform">First ministry and land reform</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Robertson_(premier)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First ministry and land reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Robertson_ministry_(1860%E2%80%931861)" title="Robertson ministry (1860–1861)">Robertson ministry (1860–1861)</a></div></dd></dl> <p>Robertson became Premier, in March 1860 and completed the drafting of legislation to put into effect his land reforms, the Crown Lands Alienation bill and the Crown Lands Occupation bill, which allowed free selection before survey. These bills were defeated in committee in October. This enabled him to obtain a dissolution from Governor <a href="/wiki/William_Denison" title="William Denison">Denison</a> and to fight an election on the issue in December, which gave him a clear majority in the Legislative Assembly, all the candidates who publicly opposed land reform having been defeated.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Robertson handed over the Premiership to Cowper on 10 January 1861, while Robertson concentrated on the land bills as Secretary for Lands. He had his land bills passed by the Assembly on 27 March and resigned from the Assembly so that he could be appointed to the <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Legislative_Council" title="New South Wales Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a> on 3 April to complete the process. As the council was resolutely opposed to the land bills, he persuaded Premier to ask the new Governor <a href="/wiki/John_Young,_1st_Baron_Lisgar" title="John Young, 1st Baron Lisgar">Sir John Young</a> to swamp the council with 21 new members.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before administering the oath to the new members the President of the council, <a href="/wiki/William_Westbrooke_Burton" title="William Westbrooke Burton">William Westbrooke Burton</a>, announced his resignation and left the chamber. Other members followed his example, there was no quorum, and on the same day Parliament was <a href="/wiki/Legislative_session#Procedure_in_Commonwealth_realms" title="Legislative session">prorogued</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The five-year terms of the 1856 Council appointments had run out and the Governor appointed a new Council to life terms, including Robertson. Due to the reappointment of Council, the land bills had to be passed again by the Assembly in September and were passed by the Council in October 1861.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resulting act remained the law of the country for many years. </p><p>Robertson resigned from the Council in December 1861 and <a href="/wiki/John_Garrett_(Australian_politician)" title="John Garrett (Australian politician)">John Garrett</a> resigned the seat of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Shoalhaven" title="Electoral district of Shoalhaven">Shoalhaven</a> to allow him to win it at a by-election in January 1862. He successfully contested the seat of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_West_Sydney" title="Electoral district of West Sydney">West Sydney</a>, a working class electorate, in the November 1864 general election. In February 1865, he was appointed as Secretary for Lands again in the fourth Cowper ministry. He resigned from Parliament to sort out his financial difficulties through the failure of some properties he held in northern <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> in October 1865,<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he was renominated to fill the vacancy eight days later. </p><p>In the January 1866 election, he was defeated in West Sydney, due to opposition to the Government's policy of preserving some crown land for public purposes, such as water supply, and to a false claim, reported by the <i><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Morning_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Morning Herald">Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>, that he was "the President of the <a href="/wiki/Fenian_Brotherhood" title="Fenian Brotherhood">Fenian</a> Society". <a href="/wiki/James_Martin_(premier)" title="James Martin (premier)">Martin</a> compared him to <a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Gracchus" title="Tiberius Gracchus">Tiberius Gracchus</a>: "both advocated the cause of free selection, both hit upon the same amount of land for each individual … [and] both had been the idols of the people … [and] deserted by the people."<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He won a by-election for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Clarence" title="Electoral district of Clarence">Clarence</a> in August 1866, and represented it to November 1869.<sup id="cite_ref-nsw_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_ministry">Second ministry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Robertson_(premier)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second ministry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Robertson_ministry_(1868%E2%80%931870)" title="Robertson ministry (1868–1870)">Robertson ministry (1868–1870)</a></div></dd></dl> <p>In January 1868, holding the offices of Premier and <a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_of_New_South_Wales" title="Chief Secretary of New South Wales">Colonial Secretary</a>, Robertson formed his second ministry and he won back West Sydney in the December 1869 general election. He was unable to get any of his own legislation passed and relinquished the premiership but to Cowper in January 1870 and in February, he was forced to resign from Parliament due to bankruptcy. A committee was formed to raise and invest funds to sort out his financial problems and he won back West Sydney in March and discharged his bankruptcy in August.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Robertson rejoined the ministry in August 1870 as Secretary for Lands. This government had a very small majority in the house, and when Cowper was appointed agent-general in London it resigned. <a href="/wiki/James_Martin_(premier)" title="James Martin (premier)">Sir James Martin</a> was sent for and to the surprise of the country Robertson joined him as Colonial Secretary in his ministry. At the general election held early in 1872, three members of the government were defeated, and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Parkes" title="Henry Parkes">Henry Parkes</a> came into power on 14 May 1872, there was a constant struggle between the parties under Robertson and Parkes for some years.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Third_and_fourth_ministries">Third and fourth ministries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Robertson_(premier)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Third and fourth ministries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Robertson_ministry_(1875%E2%80%931877)" title="Robertson ministry (1875–1877)">Robertson ministry (1875–1877)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robertson_ministry_(1877)" title="Robertson ministry (1877)">Robertson ministry (1877)</a></div></dd></dl> <p>Robertson was Premier again in February 1875, Parkes in March 1877, Robertson in August 1877; but this ministry only lasted until December. He called an election in November 1877, at which he was beaten in West Sydney, but won <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Mudgee" title="Electoral district of Mudgee">Mudgee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_East_Macquarie" title="Electoral district of East Macquarie">East Macquarie</a> and chose to represent Mudgee until December 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The coming-in of the <a href="/wiki/James_Farnell" title="James Farnell">Farnell</a> <a href="/wiki/Farnell_ministry" title="Farnell ministry">ministry in 1877</a> gave the main contestants time to take breath and consider the position, and in December 1878 a coalition was made between Parkes and Robertson which led to an effective <a href="/wiki/Parkes_ministry_(1878%E2%80%9383)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parkes ministry (1878–83)">ministry</a> which lasted for over four years and had unprecedented success in passing legislation. Parkes was Premier, and Robertson went to the Legislative Council as <a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_Executive_Council_(New_South_Wales)" title="Vice-President of the Executive Council (New South Wales)">Vice-President of the Executive Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Government_in_the_Legislative_Council_(New_South_Wales)" title="Leader of the Government in the Legislative Council (New South Wales)">Representative of the Government in the Legislative Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nsw_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1879, he founded the <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Park" title="Royal National Park">Royal National Park</a>. During Parkes's absence in England, between December 1881 and August 1882, Robertson was acting-Premier and Colonial Secretary. On 31 December 1881, he resigned from the Legislative Council and was returned as member for Mudgee at a by-election in January 1882. The general election held in December 1882 was adverse to the government and it resigned.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nsw_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fifth_ministry_and_retirement">Fifth ministry and retirement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Robertson_(premier)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fifth ministry and retirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Robertson_ministry_(1885%E2%80%931886)" title="Robertson ministry (1885–1886)">Robertson ministry (1885–1886)</a></div></dd></dl> <p>Robertson formed his fifth ministry in December 1885 but resigned in the following February. He was a trustee of the Royal National Park and he injured his leg while working on it, which increased his depression and this together with his poor finances led him to retire from parliament in June 1886.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A grant of £10,000 was made to him by the government. Henceforth he lived in retirement, his health was impaired and he was unable to take part in public life. He was strongly against <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">federation</a>, largely on the grounds it would amount to the annexation of News South Wales by the other colonies, and led the Sydney campaign against the constitutional convention of 1891.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost his last act was the sending of a letter opposing it to the <i><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Morning_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Morning Herald">Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>, which appeared on the day preceding his death.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Robertson_(premier)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sir John Robertson died in <a href="/wiki/Watsons_Bay" title="Watsons Bay">Watsons Bay</a> and was accorded a public funeral.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Robertson_(premier)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robertson.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Robertson.JPG/220px-Robertson.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Robertson.JPG/330px-Robertson.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Robertson.JPG/440px-Robertson.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">John Robertson Memorial, South Head Cemetery, <a href="/wiki/Vaucluse,_New_South_Wales" title="Vaucluse, New South Wales">Vaucluse, New South Wales</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/John_Horbury_Hunt" title="John Horbury Hunt">John Horbury Hunt</a></div></figcaption></figure> <p>He was made a Knight Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" title="Order of St Michael and St George">Order of St Michael and St George</a> (KCMG) in 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His statue graces <a href="/wiki/The_Domain,_Sydney" title="The Domain, Sydney">The Domain</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Art_Gallery_of_New_South_Wales" title="Art Gallery of New South Wales">Art Gallery of New South Wales</a>. The Federal <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Robertson" title="Division of Robertson">division of Robertson</a>, the former state <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Robertson" title="Electoral district of Robertson">electoral district of Robertson</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Highlands_(New_South_Wales)" title="Southern Highlands (New South Wales)">NSW Southern Highlands</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Robertson,_New_South_Wales" title="Robertson, New South Wales">Robertson</a> were all named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nsw_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of his daughters, Margaret-Emma, married the Russian scientist and explorer <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Miklouho-Maclay" title="Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay">Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-MM_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MM-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who built the first Marine Biological Station in Australia at <a href="/wiki/Watsons_Bay" title="Watsons Bay">Watsons Bay</a>. </p><p>One of his grandchildren, <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Clark_Kerr,_1st_Baron_Inverchapel" title="Archibald Clark Kerr, 1st Baron Inverchapel">Archibald Clark Kerr</a>, later Sir Archibald and then later Lord Inverchapel, became one of Britain's most influential 20th century diplomats.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Robertson_(premier)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Robertson_(politician_born_1816)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:John Robertson (politician born 1816)">John Robertson (politician born 1816)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-adb-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNairn" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Nairn, Bede. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/robertson-sir-john-4490">"Robertson, Sir John (1816–1891)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography" title="Australian Dictionary of Biography">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a></i>. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7"><bdi>978-0-522-84459-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1833-7538">1833-7538</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70677943">70677943</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Robertson%2C+Sir+John+%281816%E2%80%931891%29&rft.btitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=National+Centre+of+Biography%2C+Australian+National+University&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70677943&rft.issn=1833-7538&rft.isbn=978-0-522-84459-7&rft.aulast=Nairn&rft.aufirst=Bede&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadb.anu.edu.au%2Fbiography%2Frobertson-sir-john-4490&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Robertson+%28premier%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nsw-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nsw_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nsw_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nsw_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nsw_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nsw_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/members/formermembers/Pages/former-member-details.aspx?pk=446">"Sir John Robertson (1816–1891)"</a>. <i>Former members of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_New_South_Wales" title="Parliament of New South Wales">Parliament of New South Wales</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.atitle=%27Mikluho-Maklai%2C+Nicholai+Nicholaievich+%281846%E2%80%931888%29&rft.volume=5&rft.date=1974&rft.au=R.+W.+de+M.+Maclay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadb.anu.edu.au%2Fbiography%2Fmikluho-maklai-nicholai-nicholaievich-4198%2Ftext6755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Robertson+%28premier%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKunze,_Svenja2018" class="citation web cs1">Kunze, Svenja (1 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/online/modern/kerr-ac/kerr-ac.html">"Catalogue of the Archive of Archibald Clark Kerr, Baron Inverchapel"</a>. University of Oxford<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+the+Archive+of+Archibald+Clark+Kerr%2C+Baron+Inverchapel&rft.pub=University+of+Oxford&rft.date=2018-08-01&rft.au=Kunze%2C+Svenja&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bodley.ox.ac.uk%2Fdept%2Fscwmss%2Fwmss%2Fonline%2Fmodern%2Fkerr-ac%2Fkerr-ac.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Robertson+%28premier%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Forster_(Australian_politician)" title="William Forster (Australian politician)">William Forster</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_South_Wales" title="Premier of New South Wales">Premier of New South Wales</a> </b><br />1860–1861 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cowper" title="Charles Cowper">Charles Cowper</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Martin_(premier)" title="James Martin (premier)">James Martin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_South_Wales" title="Premier of New South Wales">Premier of New South Wales</a> </b><br />1868–1870 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cowper" title="Charles Cowper">Charles Cowper</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Parkes" title="Henry Parkes">Henry Parkes</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_South_Wales" title="Premier of New South Wales">Premier of New South Wales</a> </b><br />1875–1877 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Parkes" title="Henry Parkes">Henry Parkes</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Parkes" title="Henry Parkes">Henry Parkes</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_South_Wales" title="Premier of New South Wales">Premier of New South Wales</a> </b><br />1877 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Farnell" title="James Farnell">James Farnell</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Dibbs" title="George Dibbs">George Dibbs</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_South_Wales" title="Premier of New South Wales">Premier of New South Wales</a> </b><br />1885–1886 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Jennings" title="Patrick Jennings">Patrick Jennings</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Legislative_Assembly" title="New South Wales Legislative Assembly">New South Wales Legislative Assembly</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">New seat</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Phillip,_Brisbane_and_Bligh" title="Electoral district of Phillip, Brisbane and Bligh">Phillip, Brisbane and Bligh</a> </b><br />1856–1859 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Seat abolished</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">New seat</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Upper_Hunter" title="Electoral district of Upper Hunter">Upper Hunter</a> </b><br />1859–1861 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dangar" title="Thomas Dangar">Thomas Dangar</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Garrett_(Australian_politician)" title="John Garrett (Australian politician)">John Garrett</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Shoalhaven" title="Electoral district of Shoalhaven">Shoalhaven</a> </b><br />1862–1864 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Garrett_(Australian_politician)" title="Thomas Garrett (Australian politician)">Thomas Garrett</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dalgleish" title="Daniel Dalgleish">Daniel Dalgleish</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_West_Sydney" title="Electoral district of West Sydney">West Sydney</a> </b><br />1864–1866 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/John_Dunmore_Lang" title="John Dunmore Lang">Lang</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Darvall" title="John Darvall">Darvall</a>/<a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Eagar" title="Geoffrey Eagar">Eagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Joseph_(Australian_politician)" title="Samuel Joseph (Australian politician)">Joseph</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Charles_Windeyer" title="William Charles Windeyer">William Windeyer</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Laycock_(Australian_politician)" title="John Laycock (Australian politician)">John Laycock</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Clarence" title="Electoral district of Clarence">Clarence</a> </b><br />1866–1869 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bawden" title="Thomas Bawden">Thomas Bawden</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Eagar" title="Geoffrey Eagar">Geoffrey Eagar</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_West_Sydney" title="Electoral district of West Sydney">West Sydney</a> </b><br />1869–1877 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/William_Speer_(politician)" title="William Speer (politician)">Speer</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Raphael_(politician)" title="Joseph Raphael (politician)">Raphael</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_Cary_Dangar" title="Henry Cary Dangar">Dangar</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Charles_Windeyer" title="William Charles Windeyer">Windeyer</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Booth_(1822%E2%80%931898)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Booth (1822–1898)">Booth</a>/<a href="/wiki/Angus_Cameron_(Australian_politician)" title="Angus Cameron (Australian politician)">Cameron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wearne" title="Joseph Wearne">Wearne</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_Dibbs" title="George Dibbs">Dibbs</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_O%27Connor_(politician)" title="Daniel O'Connor (politician)">Daniel O'Connor</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Booth_(1822%E2%80%931898)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Booth (1822–1898)">John Booth</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_East_Macquarie" title="Electoral district of East Macquarie">East Macquarie</a> </b><br />1877–1878 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/William_Suttor,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="William Suttor, Jr.">Suttor</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Webb" title="Edmund Webb">Edmund Webb</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rouse_(politician)" title="Richard Rouse (politician)">Richard Rouse</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Mudgee" title="Electoral district of Mudgee">Mudgee</a> </b><br />1877–1878 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rouse_(politician)" title="Richard Rouse (politician)">Richard Rouse</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Terry_(politician)" title="Samuel Terry (politician)">Samuel Terry</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Mudgee" title="Electoral district of Mudgee">Mudgee</a> </b><br />1882–1886 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/David_Buchanan_(politician)" title="David Buchanan (politician)">Buchanan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Browne_(Australian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Browne (Australian politician)">Browne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Louis_Beyers" title="Hugo Louis Beyers">Beyers</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Taylor" title="Adolphus Taylor">Taylor</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Wall_(Australian_politician)" title="William Wall (Australian politician)">William Wall</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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South Wales">Premiers of New South Wales</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Donaldson" title="Stuart Donaldson">Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cowper" title="Charles Cowper">Cowper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Parker_(Australian_politician)" title="Henry Parker (Australian politician)">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Forster_(Australian_politician)" title="William Forster (Australian politician)">Forster</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Martin_(premier)" title="James Martin (premier)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Parkes" title="Henry Parkes">Parkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farnell" title="James Farnell">Farnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stuart_(Australian_politician)" title="Alexander Stuart (Australian politician)">Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Dibbs" title="George Dibbs">Dibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Jennings" title="Patrick Jennings">Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Reid" title="George Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyne" title="William Lyne">Lyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_See" title="John See">See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Waddell" title="Thomas Waddell">Waddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Carruthers" title="Joseph Carruthers">Carruthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wade" title="Charles Wade">Wade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McGowen" title="James McGowen">McGowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Holman" title="William Holman">Holman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Storey_(politician)" title="John Storey (politician)">Storey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dooley_(New_South_Wales_politician)" title="James Dooley (New South Wales politician)">Dooley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Fuller_(Australian_politician)" title="George Fuller (Australian politician)">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lang_(Australian_politician)" title="Jack Lang (Australian politician)">Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bavin" title="Thomas Bavin">Bavin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertram_Stevens_(politician)" title="Bertram Stevens (politician)">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mair" title="Alexander Mair">Mair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKell" title="William McKell">McKell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McGirr" class="mw-redirect" title="James McGirr">McGirr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cahill" title="Joseph Cahill">Cahill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Heffron" title="Bob Heffron">Heffron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Renshaw" title="Jack Renshaw">Renshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Askin" title="Robert Askin">Askin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Lewis_(Australian_politician)" title="Tom Lewis (Australian politician)">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Willis" title="Eric Willis">Willis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Wran" title="Neville Wran">Wran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrie_Unsworth" title="Barrie Unsworth">Unsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Greiner" title="Nick Greiner">Greiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fahey_(politician)" title="John Fahey (politician)">Fahey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Carr" title="Bob Carr">Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Iemma" title="Morris Iemma">Iemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Rees" title="Nathan Rees">Rees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristina_Keneally" title="Kristina Keneally">Keneally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_O%27Farrell" title="Barry O'Farrell">O'Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Baird" title="Mike Baird">Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Berejiklian" title="Gladys Berejiklian">Berejiklian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Perrottet" title="Dominic Perrottet">Perrottet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Minns" 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