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National debt is accumulated when a government sells debt securities—Treasury bills, notes, and bonds, in the case of the U.S.—worth more than the revenue it brings in through, for example, taxes. Creditors can include individual investors, financial institutions, corporations, and even other countries’ governments.<\/p>" } , { "@type": "DefinedTerm", "name": "Antitrust Laws", "description": "<p>Antitrust laws are regulations intended to ensure competition between companies within a market economy. Antitrust laws allow regulatory authorities to break up monopolies and block mergers and acquisitions that would over-concentrate market power. 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main" role="main"><iframe id="height-change-listener" role="none" tabindex="-1" src="about:blank" aria-hidden="true"></iframe> <div id="skip-to-content" class="jump-link"></div> <section id="mntl-taxonomysc_1-0" class="comp mntl-taxonomysc"><div id="mntl-taxonomysc-header_1-0" class="comp mntl-taxonomysc-header mntl-block"><div id="mntl-taxonomysc-header__top_1-0" class="comp mntl-taxonomysc-header__top mntl-block"><div id="mntl-taxonomysc-header-group_1-0" class="comp mntl-taxonomysc-header-group mntl-block"><ul id="mntl-breadcrumbs_1-0" class="comp mntl-breadcrumbs breadcrumbs mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><li id="mntl-breadcrumbs__item_1-0" class="comp mntl-breadcrumbs__item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/economy-4689801" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-text-link_1-0" class="mntl-text-link mntl-breadcrumbs__link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Economy</span></a></li> <li id="mntl-breadcrumbs__item_2-0" class="comp mntl-breadcrumbs__item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/government-and-policy-4689793" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-text-link_2-0" class="mntl-text-link mntl-breadcrumbs__link" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Government & Policy</span></a></li></ul> <h1 id="mntl-taxonomysc-heading_1-0" class="comp mntl-taxonomysc-heading mntl-text-block">Government & Policy</h1></div></div> <div id="mntl-taxonomysc-header__bottom_1-0" class="comp mntl-taxonomysc-header__bottom mntl-block"><div id="mntl-taxonomysc-intro_1-0" class="comp mntl-taxonomysc-intro mntl-sc-page mntl-block " data-sc-sticky-offset="60" data-sc-ad-label-height="24" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="100" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-load-immediate="1" data-sc-content-positions="[300,600,900,1200,1500,1800,2100]" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true"><p id="mntl-sc-block_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-html mntl-sc-block-html"> Governments can have an enormous impact on the economy. Learn how the government affects taxes, trade, markets, interest rates, and more through policy, regulation, and legislation.<br/> </p> <div id="sponsorship-wrapper_1-0" class="comp sponsorship-wrapper mntl-block"></div></div></div></div><div id="mntl-taxonomysc-content_1-0" class="comp mntl-taxonomysc-content mntl-sc-page mntl-block " data-sc-sticky-offset="60" data-sc-ad-label-height="24" data-sc-ad-track-spacing="100" data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-load-immediate="1" data-sc-content-positions="[300,600,900,1200,1500,1800,2100]" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true"><div id="mntl-sc-block_2-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block finance-sc-block-spotlight mntl-sc-block-spotlight mntl-block"><h3 id="mntl-sc-block-spotlight__heading_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-spotlight__heading mntl-text-block">Government and the Economy</h3> <div id="mntl-sc-block-spotlight__articles_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-spotlight__articles mntl-document-spotlight mntl-document-card-list mntl-card-list mntl-block" data-chunk="36"><a id="mntl-card-list-items_1-0" class="comp mntl-card-list-items mntl-document-card mntl-card card card--no-image" data-doc-id="4242646" data-tax-levels href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/11/how-governments-influence-markets.asp" data-ordinal="1" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><img data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/mpckMLxZEPk0WiHVTexrrXAE2F0=/3000x2000/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/How-governments-influence-markets_color_rev-a0f613b7ef684cba868aac7efb8818fc.jpg" width="3000" height="2000" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/ATH1_GmmmmJElZ1JOrUx5lER75w=/150x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/How-governments-influence-markets_color_rev-a0f613b7ef684cba868aac7efb8818fc.jpg 150w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/rg8_pU1HYpm1EwDSv9a-fe8jE4s=/200x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/How-governments-influence-markets_color_rev-a0f613b7ef684cba868aac7efb8818fc.jpg 200w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/9oKSoNZVl33vu6Ukk8t794Go6RI=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/How-governments-influence-markets_color_rev-a0f613b7ef684cba868aac7efb8818fc.jpg 250w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/JsYagXph3Dp4leLNT0Zu6E35cCo=/302x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/How-governments-influence-markets_color_rev-a0f613b7ef684cba868aac7efb8818fc.jpg 302w" data-sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 300px, (min-width: 800px) calc(25vw - 1.25rem), (min-width: 640px) calc(33vw - 2rem), calc(50vw - 1.125rem)" alt="Governments' Influence on Markets" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/mpckMLxZEPk0WiHVTexrrXAE2F0=/3000x2000/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/How-governments-influence-markets_color_rev-a0f613b7ef684cba868aac7efb8818fc.jpg" width="3000" height="2000" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/ATH1_GmmmmJElZ1JOrUx5lER75w=/150x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/How-governments-influence-markets_color_rev-a0f613b7ef684cba868aac7efb8818fc.jpg 150w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/rg8_pU1HYpm1EwDSv9a-fe8jE4s=/200x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/How-governments-influence-markets_color_rev-a0f613b7ef684cba868aac7efb8818fc.jpg 200w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/9oKSoNZVl33vu6Ukk8t794Go6RI=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/How-governments-influence-markets_color_rev-a0f613b7ef684cba868aac7efb8818fc.jpg 250w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/JsYagXph3Dp4leLNT0Zu6E35cCo=/302x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/How-governments-influence-markets_color_rev-a0f613b7ef684cba868aac7efb8818fc.jpg 302w" sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 300px, (min-width: 800px) calc(25vw - 1.25rem), (min-width: 640px) calc(33vw - 2rem), calc(50vw - 1.125rem)" alt="Governments' Influence on Markets" /> </noscript></div> </div> <div class="card__content " data-tag="Government & Policy"> <div class="card__header"></div> <span class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">How Governments Influence Markets</span></span> <div id="article-meta--simple_1-0" class="comp article-meta--simple mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><div id="byline--simple_1-0" class="comp byline--simple mntl-block"><div id="byline--simple__pre-author-text_1-0" class="comp byline--simple__pre-author-text mntl-text-block">By</div> <div id="byline--simple__author_1-0" class="comp byline--simple__author mntl-text-block">Mary Hall</div></div> <div id="displayed-date_1-0" class="comp displayed-date"> <span class="displayed-date__date-text">Updated</span> <span class="displayed-date__date">Apr 29, 2024</span> </div></div> </div> </a> <a id="mntl-card-list-items_2-0" class="comp mntl-card-list-items mntl-document-card mntl-card card card--no-image" data-doc-id="4242647" data-tax-levels href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/11/government-regulations.asp" data-ordinal="2" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><img data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/3yxTUyNrgtXCAuY65r0iTjO6n1s=/3000x2000/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/how-governments-influence-markets-4205069-02d77ea7f3884828a57297bd60bfbe4c.jpg" width="3000" height="2000" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/lBjz4Z2a8eemzBF17Yxr_NFCjVU=/150x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/how-governments-influence-markets-4205069-02d77ea7f3884828a57297bd60bfbe4c.jpg 150w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/lEymCw1eUCB5ue1eVsXu1tMo2zQ=/200x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/how-governments-influence-markets-4205069-02d77ea7f3884828a57297bd60bfbe4c.jpg 200w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/WWKGzDXqtT2r0e66ltXyn3xxT6I=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/how-governments-influence-markets-4205069-02d77ea7f3884828a57297bd60bfbe4c.jpg 250w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/LBjM2d7IK-IcZJwKdu384c0WUm8=/302x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/how-governments-influence-markets-4205069-02d77ea7f3884828a57297bd60bfbe4c.jpg 302w" data-sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 300px, (min-width: 800px) calc(25vw - 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1.25rem), (min-width: 640px) calc(33vw - 2rem), calc(50vw - 1.125rem)" alt="Government Regulations: Do They Help Businesses?" /> </noscript></div> </div> <div class="card__content " data-tag="Investing Regulations"> <div class="card__header"></div> <span class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Government Regulations: Do They Help Businesses?</span></span> <div id="article-meta--simple_2-0" class="comp article-meta--simple mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><div id="byline--simple_2-0" class="comp byline--simple mntl-block"><div id="byline--simple__pre-author-text_2-0" class="comp byline--simple__pre-author-text mntl-text-block">By</div> <div id="byline--simple__author_2-0" class="comp byline--simple__author mntl-text-block">Marc Davis</div></div> <div id="displayed-date_2-0" class="comp displayed-date"> <span class="displayed-date__date-text">Updated</span> <span class="displayed-date__date">Apr 10, 2024</span> </div></div> </div> </a> <a id="mntl-card-list-items_3-0" class="comp mntl-card-list-items mntl-document-card mntl-card card card--no-image" data-doc-id="4230657" data-tax-levels href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/120914/8-federal-laws-protect-employees.asp" data-ordinal="3" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><img data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/L4F2NM24owFC7FZXgR61-LehRWw=/1248x369/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12130426831journeycrop-employmentlaws-9154e4da1cd346ec97fc7ae96c319617.jpg" width="1248" height="369" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/gUIYHk28CsR5LPuqoBzUfkcLPa8=/150x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12130426831journeycrop-employmentlaws-9154e4da1cd346ec97fc7ae96c319617.jpg 150w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/6A1yZN7nv87v6QaXtjAPP0FSz6Q=/200x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12130426831journeycrop-employmentlaws-9154e4da1cd346ec97fc7ae96c319617.jpg 200w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/bg1_pV-MeEm0cbMXtluj46wAhkI=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12130426831journeycrop-employmentlaws-9154e4da1cd346ec97fc7ae96c319617.jpg 250w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/YHhmqjUrA5mRLHP8L971qXqBmBo=/302x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12130426831journeycrop-employmentlaws-9154e4da1cd346ec97fc7ae96c319617.jpg 302w" data-sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 300px, (min-width: 800px) calc(25vw - 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1.25rem), (min-width: 640px) calc(33vw - 2rem), calc(50vw - 1.125rem)" alt="Man reviewing containers" /> </noscript></div> </div> <div class="card__content " data-tag="Government & Policy"> <div class="card__header"></div> <span class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Capitalism vs. Socialism: What's the Difference?</span></span> <div id="article-meta--simple_4-0" class="comp article-meta--simple mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><div id="byline--simple_4-0" class="comp byline--simple mntl-block"><div id="byline--simple__pre-author-text_4-0" class="comp byline--simple__pre-author-text mntl-text-block">By</div> <div id="byline--simple__author_4-0" class="comp byline--simple__author mntl-text-block">Adam Hayes</div></div> <div id="displayed-date_4-0" class="comp displayed-date"> <span class="displayed-date__date-text">Updated</span> <span class="displayed-date__date">Oct 22, 2024</span> </div></div> </div> </a> <a id="mntl-card-list-items_5-0" class="comp mntl-card-list-items mntl-document-card mntl-card card card--no-image" data-doc-id="4226938" data-tax-levels href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/060215/how-do-government-subsidies-help-industry.asp" data-ordinal="5" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><img data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/xYa7SVVXRXzHM1I7Ee7TCOQgsxY=/2121x1414/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12119757961-d417cf6d0498443a8744eae1724eae51.jpg" width="2121" height="1414" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/JeI2MbfHjyS3AXbWZRmenOeJH9U=/150x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12119757961-d417cf6d0498443a8744eae1724eae51.jpg 150w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/bvkscvQJTFSRFN2JEU7th8UXIHs=/200x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12119757961-d417cf6d0498443a8744eae1724eae51.jpg 200w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/_XpEIPxgWuuz4Z7Lr5yogXywm1I=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12119757961-d417cf6d0498443a8744eae1724eae51.jpg 250w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/TRFi7YurnelVSbUsvRowULnRKl0=/302x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12119757961-d417cf6d0498443a8744eae1724eae51.jpg 302w" data-sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 300px, (min-width: 800px) calc(25vw - 1.25rem), (min-width: 640px) calc(33vw - 2rem), calc(50vw - 1.125rem)" alt="Solar panels in an orange desert landscape" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/xYa7SVVXRXzHM1I7Ee7TCOQgsxY=/2121x1414/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12119757961-d417cf6d0498443a8744eae1724eae51.jpg" width="2121" height="1414" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/JeI2MbfHjyS3AXbWZRmenOeJH9U=/150x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12119757961-d417cf6d0498443a8744eae1724eae51.jpg 150w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/bvkscvQJTFSRFN2JEU7th8UXIHs=/200x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12119757961-d417cf6d0498443a8744eae1724eae51.jpg 200w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/_XpEIPxgWuuz4Z7Lr5yogXywm1I=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12119757961-d417cf6d0498443a8744eae1724eae51.jpg 250w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/TRFi7YurnelVSbUsvRowULnRKl0=/302x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12119757961-d417cf6d0498443a8744eae1724eae51.jpg 302w" sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 300px, (min-width: 800px) calc(25vw - 1.25rem), (min-width: 640px) calc(33vw - 2rem), calc(50vw - 1.125rem)" alt="Solar panels in an orange desert landscape" /> </noscript></div> </div> <div class="card__content " data-tag="Government & Policy"> <div class="card__header"></div> <span class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">How Do Government Subsidies Help an Industry?</span></span> <div id="article-meta--simple_5-0" class="comp article-meta--simple mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><div id="byline--simple_5-0" class="comp byline--simple mntl-block"><div id="byline--simple__pre-author-text_5-0" class="comp byline--simple__pre-author-text mntl-text-block">By</div> <div id="byline--simple__author_5-0" class="comp byline--simple__author mntl-text-block">Evan Tarver</div></div> <div id="displayed-date_5-0" class="comp displayed-date"> <span class="displayed-date__date-text">Updated</span> <span class="displayed-date__date">Apr 18, 2024</span> </div></div> </div> </a></div> <div id="leaderboard2_1-0" class="comp leaderboard2 leaderboard--lazy leaderboard mm-ads-flexible-leaderboard mm-ads-flexible-ad mm-ads-gpt-adunit has-right-label visible-overflow js-lazy-ad gpt leaderboard dynamic"> <div id="leaderboard-flex-2" class="wrapper" data-type="leaderboard" data-pos="btf1" data-priority="3" data-sizes="[[728, 90], [970,90], [970, 250]]" data-rtb="true" data-wait-for-third-party="false" data-targeting="{}"></div> </div></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_3-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-faq mntl-block"><span class="heading-toc" id="toc-frequently-asked-questions-99f7b424-6813-4dd9-a97b-9738f3c81a6a"></span> <div id="mntl-sc-block-faq__title_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-faq__title mntl-text-block">Frequently Asked Questions</div> <ul id="mntl-sc-block-faq__content_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-faq__content mntl-accordion js-accordion"> <li class="accordion__item js-accordion-item " data-ordinal="1"> <div tabindex="0" class="accordion__header js-accordion-trigger" id="mntl-accordion__item_1-0-section-0"> <svg class="icon icon-arrow-down accordion__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-arrow-down" href="#icon-arrow-down"></use> </svg> <span class="accordion__title">How does the government control inflation?</span> </div> <div class="accordion__body"> <div id="mntl-accordion__content_1-0" class="comp mntl-accordion__content"> <div class="faq-accordion__item-answer"> <p>The most common way governments control inflation is by raising or lowering interest rates. Put simply, high interest rates counter inflation by reducing the money supply, and low interest rates promote inflation by increasing the money supply. In the U.S., the Federal Reserve indirectly controls interest rates through the federal funds rate, the interest rate banks charge each other for loans made overnight.</p> </div> <div class="faq-accordion__feature-link"> <span>Learn More</span> <span class="loc feature-link"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/111314/what-methods-can-government-use-control-inflation.asp" rel="nocaes" id="accordion-content__feature-link_1-0" class="accordion-content__feature-link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">How Do Governments Fight Inflation?</span></a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="accordion__item js-accordion-item " data-ordinal="2"> <div tabindex="0" class="accordion__header js-accordion-trigger" id="mntl-accordion__item_2-0-section-1"> <svg class="icon icon-arrow-down accordion__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-arrow-down" href="#icon-arrow-down"></use> </svg> <span class="accordion__title">What is the difference between communism and socialism?</span> </div> <div class="accordion__body"> <div id="mntl-accordion__content_2-0" class="comp mntl-accordion__content"> <div class="faq-accordion__item-answer"> <p>Communism and socialism both advocate for a more equitable distribution of wealth than that achieved under capitalism, but they differ in their means and the extremity of their vision. A basic premise of communism is that a communist order is achieved through a revolution in which the working class (proletariat) overthrows the ruling class (bourgeoisie). Socialism insists on working within existing systems to implement reform. Communism also advocates the dissolution of all private property so that all property is owned by the state, which distributes resources evenly between citizens. Under socialism, the means of accumulating wealth (industry and commerce) are collectively-owned and managed by the government, but property like homes and personal possessions can remain privately-owned.</p> </div> <div class="faq-accordion__feature-link"> <span>Learn More</span> <span class="loc feature-link"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/100214/what-difference-between-communism-and-socialism.asp" rel="nocaes" id="accordion-content__feature-link_2-0" class="accordion-content__feature-link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">What Is the Difference Between Communism and Socialism?</span></a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="accordion__item js-accordion-item " data-ordinal="3"> <div tabindex="0" class="accordion__header js-accordion-trigger" id="mntl-accordion__item_3-0-section-2"> <svg class="icon icon-arrow-down accordion__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-arrow-down" href="#icon-arrow-down"></use> </svg> <span class="accordion__title">How much does the U.S. spend on healthcare?</span> </div> <div class="accordion__body"> <div id="mntl-accordion__content_3-0" class="comp mntl-accordion__content"> <div class="faq-accordion__item-answer"> <p>According to Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, U.S. healthcare spending is expected to reach $6.2 trillion, or 20% of GDP, by 2028. In 2020, spending per person was $12,530, the highest of any developed country. Norway, which ranked second in terms of healthcare costs, spent $6,748 per person, almost half of U.S. expenditures.</p> </div> <div class="faq-accordion__feature-link"> <span>Learn More</span> <span class="loc feature-link"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/u-s-healthcare-spending-rising-fast-5186172" rel="nocaes" id="accordion-content__feature-link_3-0" class="accordion-content__feature-link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Why U.S. Healthcare Spending Is Rising so Fast?</span></a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="accordion__item js-accordion-item " data-ordinal="4"> <div tabindex="0" class="accordion__header js-accordion-trigger" id="mntl-accordion__item_4-0-section-3"> <svg class="icon icon-arrow-down accordion__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-arrow-down" href="#icon-arrow-down"></use> </svg> <span class="accordion__title">What is the difference between monetary policy and fiscal policy?</span> </div> <div class="accordion__body"> <div id="mntl-accordion__content_4-0" class="comp mntl-accordion__content"> <div class="faq-accordion__item-answer"> <p>Monetary policy refers to the actions taken by a central bank to achieve economic goals like low unemployment and stable prices. Monetary policy is often executed through the increase or decrease of the money supply. Fiscal policy refers to the government’s tax and spending plans. Fiscal policy is administered by the legislative and executive branches of government.</p> </div> <div class="faq-accordion__feature-link"> <span>Learn More</span> <span class="loc feature-link"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/100314/whats-difference-between-monetary-policy-and-fiscal-policy.asp" rel="nocaes" id="accordion-content__feature-link_4-0" class="accordion-content__feature-link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Monetary Policy vs. Fiscal Policy: What’s the Difference?</span></a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_4-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-keyterms mntl-block"><h3 id="mntl-sc-block-keyterms__title_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-keyterms__title mntl-text-block">Key Terms</h3> <div id="mntl-sc-block-keyterms__nav_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-keyterms__nav mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><button id="mntl-sc-block-keyterms__nav-item_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-keyterms__nav-item mntl-button is-active" data-index="0"> Discount Window </button> <button id="mntl-sc-block-keyterms__nav-item_2-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-keyterms__nav-item mntl-button" data-index="1"> Corporate Tax </button> <button id="mntl-sc-block-keyterms__nav-item_3-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-keyterms__nav-item mntl-button" data-index="2"> Government-Sponsored Enterprise (GSE) </button> <button id="mntl-sc-block-keyterms__nav-item_4-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-keyterms__nav-item mntl-button" data-index="3"> Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) </button> <button id="mntl-sc-block-keyterms__nav-item_5-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-keyterms__nav-item mntl-button" data-index="4"> Tariff </button> <button id="mntl-sc-block-keyterms__nav-item_6-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-keyterms__nav-item mntl-button" data-index="5"> National Debt </button> <button id="mntl-sc-block-keyterms__nav-item_7-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-keyterms__nav-item mntl-button" data-index="6"> Antitrust Laws </button></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block-keyterms__carousel_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block-keyterms__carousel mntl-carousel--inline mntl-carousel mntl-carousel--inline mntl-carousel" data-use-placeholders="false" data-tracking-container="true" data-scroll-by-page="false" data-update-arrows-when-scrolling="false"> <div class="mntl-carousel__wrapper"> <div class="mntl-carousel__arrow mntl-carousel__arrow--left " data-click-tracked="true" role="button" aria-label="Present previous article"> <svg class="icon mntl-carousel__arrow-icon " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#mntl-carousel__arrow-icon" href="#mntl-carousel__arrow-icon"></use> </svg> </div> <ul class="loc carousel-items mntl-carousel__items"><li id="mntl-carousel__item_1-0" class="comp mntl-carousel__item mntl-block is-active" data-ordinal="0" data-contain-tooltips="true"><div id="mntl-carousel__card_1-0" class="comp mntl-carousel__card mntl-block carousel-card"><div id="carousel-card__title_1-0" class="comp carousel-card__title mntl-text-block">Discount Window</div> <div id="carousel-card__body_1-0" class="comp carousel-card__body mntl-text-block"><p>The discount window is a Federal Reserve lending facility that makes short-term, collateralized loans to financial institutions. These loans are made to banks when they are experiencing liquidity shortfalls. The fed offers these loans at the discount rate, a fixed interest rate that the Federal Reserve usually sets slightly above the federal funds rate—the rate that applies to short-term loans between banks—to incentivize banks to borrow from each other rather than the central bank.</p></div> <div id="carousel-card__link-wrapper_1-0" class="comp carousel-card__link-wrapper mntl-block"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/discountwindow.asp" rel="nocaes" id="carousel-card__link_1-0" class="carousel-card__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Learn More</span></a></div></div></li> <li id="mntl-carousel__item_2-0" class="comp mntl-carousel__item mntl-block" data-ordinal="1" data-contain-tooltips="true"><div id="mntl-carousel__card_2-0" class="comp mntl-carousel__card mntl-block carousel-card"><div id="carousel-card__title_2-0" class="comp carousel-card__title mntl-text-block">Corporate Tax</div> <div id="carousel-card__body_2-0" class="comp carousel-card__body mntl-text-block"><p>Corporate taxes are, like an individual’s income taxes, a portion of a company’s profit levied by a government to finance public services. Though there is a set corporate tax rate in the U.S., companies often pay a much lower effective tax rate by exploiting loopholes, a subject of near-constant controversy.</p></div> <div id="carousel-card__link-wrapper_2-0" class="comp carousel-card__link-wrapper mntl-block"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corporatetax.asp" rel="nocaes" id="carousel-card__link_2-0" class="carousel-card__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Learn More</span></a></div></div></li> <li id="mntl-carousel__item_3-0" class="comp mntl-carousel__item mntl-block" data-ordinal="2" data-contain-tooltips="true"><div id="mntl-carousel__card_3-0" class="comp mntl-carousel__card mntl-block carousel-card"><div id="carousel-card__title_3-0" class="comp carousel-card__title mntl-text-block">Government-Sponsored Enterprise (GSE)</div> <div id="carousel-card__body_3-0" class="comp carousel-card__body mntl-text-block"><p>A government-sponsored enterprise is a privately-run company that was established by the U.S. Congress to improve the flow of credit to certain sectors of the U.S. economy. The best-known GSEs are Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which essentially buy whole mortgage loans from lenders to sell to investors in smaller chunks. Though GSEs are not controlled by the government and their bonds are not backed by the U.S. Treasury, they enjoy the benefits of an “implicit guarantee” that the government won’t stand by while they fail or default on their debt.</p></div> <div id="carousel-card__link-wrapper_3-0" class="comp carousel-card__link-wrapper mntl-block"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gse.asp" rel="nocaes" id="carousel-card__link_3-0" class="carousel-card__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Learn More</span></a></div></div></li> <li id="mntl-carousel__item_4-0" class="comp mntl-carousel__item mntl-block" data-ordinal="3" data-contain-tooltips="true"><div id="mntl-carousel__card_4-0" class="comp mntl-carousel__card mntl-block carousel-card"><div id="carousel-card__title_4-0" class="comp carousel-card__title mntl-text-block">Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA)</div> <div id="carousel-card__body_4-0" class="comp carousel-card__body mntl-text-block"><p>The Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) is a U.S. law, passed in 1935 alongside the <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/social-security-act.asp" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">Social Security Act</a>, that mandates a payroll tax to fund Social Security and Medicare. FICA taxes are levied at a rate set by the federal government every year, and are paid by both the employee and the employer. Self-employed individuals, since they do not have an employer, are subject to a similar law called the Self-Employed Contributions Act (SECA).</p></div> <div id="carousel-card__link-wrapper_4-0" class="comp carousel-card__link-wrapper mntl-block"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fica.asp" rel="nocaes" id="carousel-card__link_4-0" class="carousel-card__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Learn More</span></a></div></div></li> <li id="mntl-carousel__item_5-0" class="comp mntl-carousel__item mntl-block" data-ordinal="4" data-contain-tooltips="true"><div id="mntl-carousel__card_5-0" class="comp mntl-carousel__card mntl-block carousel-card"><div id="carousel-card__title_5-0" class="comp carousel-card__title mntl-text-block">Tariff</div> <div id="carousel-card__body_5-0" class="comp carousel-card__body mntl-text-block"><p>Tariffs are a tax imposed by a government on foreign goods when they enter the territory under that government’s control. Tariffs can be specific or ad valorem. Specific tariffs are levies of a specific amount of money per item or unit (e.g., $1 per pound of apples.) Ad valorem tariffs are levies of a percentage of the value of the import (e.g., 10% of a shipment of cars valued at $10 million.) Governments usually impose tariffs to support domestic producers by making their goods competitive with or more attractive than imported goods.</p></div> <div id="carousel-card__link-wrapper_5-0" class="comp carousel-card__link-wrapper mntl-block"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tariff.asp" rel="nocaes" id="carousel-card__link_5-0" class="carousel-card__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Learn More</span></a></div></div></li> <li id="mntl-carousel__item_6-0" class="comp mntl-carousel__item mntl-block" data-ordinal="5" data-contain-tooltips="true"><div id="mntl-carousel__card_6-0" class="comp mntl-carousel__card mntl-block carousel-card"><div id="carousel-card__title_6-0" class="comp carousel-card__title mntl-text-block">National Debt</div> <div id="carousel-card__body_6-0" class="comp carousel-card__body mntl-text-block"><p>The national debt is the amount of money a federal government owes creditors. National debt is accumulated when a government sells debt securities—Treasury bills, notes, and bonds, in the case of the U.S.—worth more than the revenue it brings in through, for example, taxes. Creditors can include individual investors, financial institutions, corporations, and even other countries’ governments.</p></div> <div id="carousel-card__link-wrapper_6-0" class="comp carousel-card__link-wrapper mntl-block"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/updates/usa-national-debt/" rel="nocaes" id="carousel-card__link_6-0" class="carousel-card__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Learn More</span></a></div></div></li> <li id="mntl-carousel__item_7-0" class="comp mntl-carousel__item mntl-block" data-ordinal="6" data-contain-tooltips="true"><div id="mntl-carousel__card_7-0" class="comp mntl-carousel__card mntl-block carousel-card"><div id="carousel-card__title_7-0" class="comp carousel-card__title mntl-text-block">Antitrust Laws</div> <div id="carousel-card__body_7-0" class="comp carousel-card__body mntl-text-block"><p>Antitrust laws are regulations intended to ensure competition between companies within a market economy. Antitrust laws allow regulatory authorities to break up monopolies and block mergers and acquisitions that would over-concentrate market power. They also aim to prevent corporations from colluding with one another or forming cartels to fix prices and stymie challengers.</p></div> <div id="carousel-card__link-wrapper_7-0" class="comp carousel-card__link-wrapper mntl-block"><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/antitrust.asp" rel="nocaes" id="carousel-card__link_7-0" class="carousel-card__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Learn More</span></a></div></div></li> </ul> <div class="mntl-carousel__arrow mntl-carousel__arrow--right " data-click-tracked="true" role="button" aria-label="Present next article"> <svg class="icon mntl-carousel__arrow-icon " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#mntl-carousel__arrow-icon" href="#mntl-carousel__arrow-icon"></use> </svg> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="loc fixedContent"><div id="mntl-document-spotlight_1-0" class="comp mntl-document-spotlight mntl-document-card-list mntl-card-list mntl-block" data-chunk="36"><a id="mntl-card-list-items_6-0" class="comp mntl-card-list-items mntl-document-card mntl-card card card--no-image" data-doc-id="8751871" data-tax-levels href="https://www.investopedia.com/trump-threatens-25-percent-import-tariffs-on-mexico-canada-additional-10-percent-on-china-8751871" data-ordinal="1" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/6HmI3xgKC0ztYhWMn-HKN5m-P1w=/4349x2899/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-2182935548-c6af1cf197eb48bfb87d54bb4309912c.jpg" width="4349" height="2899" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/fx_w3TpZvOlPs1FVfl7YzonN74k=/150x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-2182935548-c6af1cf197eb48bfb87d54bb4309912c.jpg 150w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/JGuQGp-wurnC3x79_-l-Uv6w6HY=/200x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-2182935548-c6af1cf197eb48bfb87d54bb4309912c.jpg 200w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/GVTVAze65owVD8bKeruVCsZMg24=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-2182935548-c6af1cf197eb48bfb87d54bb4309912c.jpg 250w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/8cD-ZICtJOetCqGDwcBzayjI9ug=/302x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-2182935548-c6af1cf197eb48bfb87d54bb4309912c.jpg 302w" data-sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 300px, (min-width: 800px) calc(25vw - 1.25rem), (min-width: 640px) calc(33vw - 2rem), calc(50vw - 1.125rem)" alt="President-Elect Donald Trump in Pennsylvania earlier this week. 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" /> </noscript> </div></div> </div> <div class="card__content " data-tag="Government & Policy"> <div class="card__header"></div> <span class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Trump Threatens 25% Import Tariffs on Mexico, Canada, Additional 10% on China </span></span> <div id="article-meta--simple_6-0" class="comp article-meta--simple mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><div id="byline--simple_6-0" class="comp byline--simple mntl-block"><div id="byline--simple__pre-author-text_6-0" class="comp byline--simple__pre-author-text mntl-text-block">By</div> <div id="byline--simple__author_6-0" class="comp byline--simple__author mntl-text-block">Nisha Gopalan</div></div> <div id="displayed-date_6-0" class="comp displayed-date"> <span class="displayed-date__date-text">Updated</span> <span class="displayed-date__date">Nov 26, 2024</span> </div></div> </div> </a> <a id="mntl-card-list-items_7-0" class="comp mntl-card-list-items mntl-document-card mntl-card card card--no-image" data-doc-id="4195426" data-tax-levels href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/grant-in-aid.asp" data-ordinal="2" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.5%;"> <img data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/0ZY7Bm5XV1rs5f9w4LqqLqadx3U=/6048x4024/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1395496646-23b4b1e7771f42f6b1b1084ca59e9524.jpg" width="6048" height="4024" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/x4yyrwtS2DDvN6BrjFumitSgu2M=/150x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1395496646-23b4b1e7771f42f6b1b1084ca59e9524.jpg 150w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/DJ4QTE-77OcwyGdYwvr4zW94ht8=/200x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1395496646-23b4b1e7771f42f6b1b1084ca59e9524.jpg 200w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/xKcgMO1HMiKFjUfmsr_lkz1DqVQ=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1395496646-23b4b1e7771f42f6b1b1084ca59e9524.jpg 250w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/TJW-wgK8AFv7-IPuFZ5rzlf0xVM=/302x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1395496646-23b4b1e7771f42f6b1b1084ca59e9524.jpg 302w" data-sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 300px, (min-width: 800px) calc(25vw - 1.25rem), (min-width: 640px) calc(33vw - 2rem), calc(50vw - 1.125rem)" alt="Government official filling out paperwork related to a federal grant-in-aid" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/0ZY7Bm5XV1rs5f9w4LqqLqadx3U=/6048x4024/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1395496646-23b4b1e7771f42f6b1b1084ca59e9524.jpg" width="6048" height="4024" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/x4yyrwtS2DDvN6BrjFumitSgu2M=/150x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1395496646-23b4b1e7771f42f6b1b1084ca59e9524.jpg 150w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/DJ4QTE-77OcwyGdYwvr4zW94ht8=/200x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1395496646-23b4b1e7771f42f6b1b1084ca59e9524.jpg 200w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/xKcgMO1HMiKFjUfmsr_lkz1DqVQ=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1395496646-23b4b1e7771f42f6b1b1084ca59e9524.jpg 250w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/TJW-wgK8AFv7-IPuFZ5rzlf0xVM=/302x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1395496646-23b4b1e7771f42f6b1b1084ca59e9524.jpg 302w" sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 300px, (min-width: 800px) calc(25vw - 1.25rem), (min-width: 640px) calc(33vw - 2rem), calc(50vw - 1.125rem)" alt="Government official filling out paperwork related to a federal grant-in-aid" /> </noscript> </div></div> </div> <div class="card__content " data-tag="Government & Policy"> <div class="card__header"></div> <span class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Federal Grants-in-Aid: Overview and Examples</span></span> <div id="article-meta--simple_7-0" class="comp article-meta--simple mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><div id="byline--simple_7-0" class="comp byline--simple mntl-block"><div id="byline--simple__pre-author-text_7-0" class="comp byline--simple__pre-author-text mntl-text-block">By</div> <div id="byline--simple__author_7-0" class="comp byline--simple__author mntl-text-block">Julia Kagan</div></div> <div id="displayed-date_7-0" class="comp displayed-date"> <span class="displayed-date__date-text">Updated</span> <span class="displayed-date__date">Nov 12, 2024</span> </div></div> </div> </a> <a id="mntl-card-list-items_8-0" class="comp mntl-card-list-items mntl-document-card mntl-card card card--no-image" data-doc-id="5220675" data-tax-levels href="https://www.investopedia.com/electric-vehicle-infrastructure-impact-5220675" data-ordinal="3" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/wRqrCB5zsEzonYxMuyHJS3QWjNk=/6000x4000/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/charging-an-electric-car-battery--new-innovative-technology-ev-electrical-vehicle-1322306482-cb07492889594d4aa7def3f2956ed795.jpg" width="6000" height="4000" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/JcrMwMvcmwHb79_HspGQozROZbc=/150x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/charging-an-electric-car-battery--new-innovative-technology-ev-electrical-vehicle-1322306482-cb07492889594d4aa7def3f2956ed795.jpg 150w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/ElkW83ay9XZWLUeSaOg1iRFJrAc=/200x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/charging-an-electric-car-battery--new-innovative-technology-ev-electrical-vehicle-1322306482-cb07492889594d4aa7def3f2956ed795.jpg 200w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/ut44VbgQla3zQgkXG27yIeKRBUI=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/charging-an-electric-car-battery--new-innovative-technology-ev-electrical-vehicle-1322306482-cb07492889594d4aa7def3f2956ed795.jpg 250w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/pqGLvizylDb680R7-_KEjNTjKuk=/302x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/charging-an-electric-car-battery--new-innovative-technology-ev-electrical-vehicle-1322306482-cb07492889594d4aa7def3f2956ed795.jpg 302w" data-sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 300px, (min-width: 800px) calc(25vw - 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1.25rem), (min-width: 640px) calc(33vw - 2rem), calc(50vw - 1.125rem)" alt="Session of U.S. House of Representatives" /> </noscript></div> </div> <div class="card__content " data-tag="Government & Policy"> <div class="card__header"></div> <span class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">14th Amendment and Its Role in the Debt Ceiling Debate</span></span> <div id="article-meta--simple_21-0" class="comp article-meta--simple mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><div id="byline--simple_21-0" class="comp byline--simple mntl-block"><div id="byline--simple__pre-author-text_21-0" class="comp byline--simple__pre-author-text mntl-text-block">By</div> <div id="byline--simple__author_21-0" class="comp byline--simple__author mntl-text-block">Jim Probasco</div></div> <div id="displayed-date_21-0" class="comp displayed-date"> <span class="displayed-date__date-text">Updated</span> <span class="displayed-date__date">Nov 05, 2023</span> </div></div> </div> </a> <a id="mntl-card-list-items_22-0" class="comp mntl-card-list-items mntl-document-card mntl-card card card--no-image" data-doc-id="7692919" data-tax-levels href="https://www.investopedia.com/gilded-age-7692919" data-ordinal="12" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><img data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/fdwCImmTA7Ehbxs1AVfruRkIDM0=/4000x2700/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/gilded-age-7692919-final-4adfd9bf073d47c7835ad7300f4a0b2d.png" width="4000" height="2700" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/-sVhiuYovfvQJ_NeiDPjt2lEU9M=/150x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/gilded-age-7692919-final-4adfd9bf073d47c7835ad7300f4a0b2d.png 150w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/hJuq2GUAOtg8e_LaXG6tRmQhKIU=/200x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/gilded-age-7692919-final-4adfd9bf073d47c7835ad7300f4a0b2d.png 200w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/I-egGKI5vW7C22cc_IBniPDhOKo=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/gilded-age-7692919-final-4adfd9bf073d47c7835ad7300f4a0b2d.png 250w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Igm6iEj9N3Sc0-LYnVib1_bcFq4=/302x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/gilded-age-7692919-final-4adfd9bf073d47c7835ad7300f4a0b2d.png 302w" data-sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 300px, (min-width: 800px) calc(25vw - 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1.25rem), (min-width: 640px) calc(33vw - 2rem), calc(50vw - 1.125rem)" alt="Pregnant Worker on Assembly Line" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/zWmqtGgcY2A10E7RLasvS2AjXDg=/3216x2174/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pregnant-worker-on-assembly-line-521859166-57551a375f9b5892e83c67d7.jpg" width="3216" height="2174" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/9FA0CwPrhamXJP-twL1w_7cnsgA=/150x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pregnant-worker-on-assembly-line-521859166-57551a375f9b5892e83c67d7.jpg 150w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/BdGBIJNFN_7c5fz9lLJfBCJ45h8=/200x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pregnant-worker-on-assembly-line-521859166-57551a375f9b5892e83c67d7.jpg 200w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Z-cEO8LXMUAZSZIDQleGmSQCDgo=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pregnant-worker-on-assembly-line-521859166-57551a375f9b5892e83c67d7.jpg 250w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/WVStC_FMHQDdgu2yz_KSk8BZb3k=/302x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pregnant-worker-on-assembly-line-521859166-57551a375f9b5892e83c67d7.jpg 302w" sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 300px, (min-width: 800px) calc(25vw - 1.25rem), (min-width: 640px) calc(33vw - 2rem), calc(50vw - 1.125rem)" alt="Pregnant Worker on Assembly Line" /> </noscript></div> </div> <div class="card__content " data-tag="Government & Policy"> <div class="card__header"></div> <span class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Pregnant Workers Fairness Act: Protections, Legal Remedies, Examples</span></span> <div id="article-meta--simple_30-0" class="comp article-meta--simple mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><div id="byline--simple_30-0" class="comp byline--simple mntl-block"><div id="byline--simple__pre-author-text_30-0" class="comp byline--simple__pre-author-text mntl-text-block">By</div> <div id="byline--simple__author_30-0" class="comp byline--simple__author mntl-text-block">Jim Probasco</div></div> <div id="displayed-date_30-0" class="comp displayed-date"> <span class="displayed-date__date-text">Updated</span> <span class="displayed-date__date">Jan 18, 2023</span> </div></div> </div> </a> <a id="mntl-card-list-items_31-0" class="comp mntl-card-list-items mntl-document-card mntl-card card card--no-image" data-doc-id="4801925" data-tax-levels href="https://www.investopedia.com/federal-pandemic-unemployment-programs-how-they-worked-4801925" data-ordinal="21" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><img data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/odfrIfxhqYGthLhf_iSNyWSYrSk=/2121x1414/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12038540161-9a9bdc71c26644a598c6b2fbfbf43386.jpg" width="2121" height="1414" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/N6cr7OQO_-ow6hhrIGqSqiGIT-g=/150x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12038540161-9a9bdc71c26644a598c6b2fbfbf43386.jpg 150w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/fSO-epT3f2xFwOf4ZojiPXL_I-Y=/200x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12038540161-9a9bdc71c26644a598c6b2fbfbf43386.jpg 200w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/hc7LraCZiAeZ2wIrj0pbbzTncO4=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12038540161-9a9bdc71c26644a598c6b2fbfbf43386.jpg 250w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Fd8tAzevyD_YftyDeDLhI2mIpd4=/302x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12038540161-9a9bdc71c26644a598c6b2fbfbf43386.jpg 302w" data-sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 300px, (min-width: 800px) calc(25vw - 1.25rem), (min-width: 640px) calc(33vw - 2rem), calc(50vw - 1.125rem)" alt="Federal Pandemic Unemployment Compensation" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/odfrIfxhqYGthLhf_iSNyWSYrSk=/2121x1414/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12038540161-9a9bdc71c26644a598c6b2fbfbf43386.jpg" width="2121" height="1414" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/N6cr7OQO_-ow6hhrIGqSqiGIT-g=/150x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12038540161-9a9bdc71c26644a598c6b2fbfbf43386.jpg 150w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/fSO-epT3f2xFwOf4ZojiPXL_I-Y=/200x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12038540161-9a9bdc71c26644a598c6b2fbfbf43386.jpg 200w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/hc7LraCZiAeZ2wIrj0pbbzTncO4=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12038540161-9a9bdc71c26644a598c6b2fbfbf43386.jpg 250w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Fd8tAzevyD_YftyDeDLhI2mIpd4=/302x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-12038540161-9a9bdc71c26644a598c6b2fbfbf43386.jpg 302w" sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 300px, (min-width: 800px) calc(25vw - 1.25rem), (min-width: 640px) calc(33vw - 2rem), calc(50vw - 1.125rem)" alt="Federal Pandemic Unemployment Compensation" /> </noscript></div> </div> <div class="card__content " data-tag="Government & Policy"> <div class="card__header"></div> <span class="card__title"><span class="card__title-text ">Federal Pandemic Unemployment Programs: How They Worked</span></span> <div id="article-meta--simple_31-0" class="comp article-meta--simple mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><div id="byline--simple_31-0" class="comp byline--simple mntl-block"><div id="byline--simple__pre-author-text_31-0" class="comp byline--simple__pre-author-text mntl-text-block">By</div> <div id="byline--simple__author_31-0" class="comp byline--simple__author mntl-text-block">Jean Folger</div></div> <div id="displayed-date_31-0" class="comp displayed-date"> <span class="displayed-date__date-text">Updated</span> <span class="displayed-date__date">Aug 01, 2024</span> </div></div> </div> </a> <a id="mntl-card-list-items_32-0" class="comp mntl-card-list-items mntl-document-card mntl-card card card--no-image" data-doc-id="6931017" data-tax-levels href="https://www.investopedia.com/2023-national-defense-authorization-act-6931017" data-ordinal="22" data-cta="Read Now ▸"> <div class="loc card__top"><div class="card__media mntl-universal-image universal-image__container"><img data-src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/9uVlwf99GmBX9D_k81iWiHU-x6w=/2000x1333/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/us-troops-2d6c27485a814e3d98bad3da085a126f.jpg" width="2000" height="1333" data-srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Im_lxqsCTGlOlhRs3M-WBZzfvC8=/150x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/us-troops-2d6c27485a814e3d98bad3da085a126f.jpg 150w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/OqgVYMq4o4wWimqtr2ZRqCOP-xg=/200x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/us-troops-2d6c27485a814e3d98bad3da085a126f.jpg 200w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/bIsSGkHJddWXypBmkEHZ2S4udlk=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/us-troops-2d6c27485a814e3d98bad3da085a126f.jpg 250w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/rT1xFyZg_K_Q0K9fNL4BOfAGwOc=/302x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/us-troops-2d6c27485a814e3d98bad3da085a126f.jpg 302w" data-sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 300px, (min-width: 800px) calc(25vw - 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1.25rem), (min-width: 640px) calc(33vw - 2rem), calc(50vw - 1.125rem)" alt="Housing Trust Fund" class="lazyload card__img universal-image__image" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/hieGGpnERzhUMW97a5p-_nx5xGI=/4000x2700/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/housing-trust-fund-5207067_Final-43a9f6a0e1b146c996c339d6c16e1429.png" width="4000" height="2700" class="img--noscript card__img universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/Lrl3_ykR6mXIKZq_qos8pGB7ec4=/150x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/housing-trust-fund-5207067_Final-43a9f6a0e1b146c996c339d6c16e1429.png 150w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/WrtU0AtJZDnpNLGT-QonLnuhoOw=/200x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/housing-trust-fund-5207067_Final-43a9f6a0e1b146c996c339d6c16e1429.png 200w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/K_rWB0Fcq_SruakP3X2NyvVfwKA=/250x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/housing-trust-fund-5207067_Final-43a9f6a0e1b146c996c339d6c16e1429.png 250w, https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/f1rJpL8veyIUDCVANkBNQsBJdUg=/302x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/housing-trust-fund-5207067_Final-43a9f6a0e1b146c996c339d6c16e1429.png 302w" sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 300px, (min-width: 800px) calc(25vw - 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