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Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="علم النباتات اللاوعائية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم النباتات اللاوعائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briolox%C3%ADa" title="Brioloxía – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Brioloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologiya" title="Briologiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Briologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бриология – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бриология" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Брыялогія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Брыялогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologija" title="Briologija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Briologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologia" title="Briologia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Briologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Бриологи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Бриологи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryologie" title="Bryologie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bryologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryologi" title="Bryologi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bryologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryologie" title="Bryologie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bryologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%BColoogia" title="Brüoloogia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Brüoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryology" title="Bryology – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bryology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briolog%C3%ADa" title="Briología – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Briología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologia" title="Briologia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Briologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="خزه‌شناسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خزه‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryologie" title="Bryologie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bryologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryology" title="Bryology – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bryology" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briolox%C3%ADa" title="Brioloxía – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Brioloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%A0%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99" title="선태학 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="선태학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Բրիոլոգիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրիոլոգիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologi" title="Briologi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Briologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Mosafræði – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mosafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologia" title="Briologia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Briologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бриология – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бриология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бриология – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бриология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briolo%C4%A3ija" title="Brioloģija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Brioloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briol%C3%B3gia" title="Briológia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Briológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Бриологија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бриологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF" title="ബ്രയോളജി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബ്രയോളജി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryologie" title="Bryologie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bryologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%9A%E8%8B%94%E5%AD%A6" title="蘚苔学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="蘚苔学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryologi" title="Bryologi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bryologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryologi" title="Bryologi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bryologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologiya" title="Briologiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Briologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologia" title="Briologia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Briologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologia" title="Briologia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Briologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologie" title="Briologie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Briologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бриология – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бриология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Бриологија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бриологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologija" title="Briologija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Briologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryologi" title="Bryologi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bryologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B5" title="ไบรโอโลยี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไบรโอโลยี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briyoloji" title="Briyoloji – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Briyoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Бріологія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бріологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li 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title="Liverwort">liverworts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hornwort" title="Hornwort">hornworts</a>. 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeobotany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeobotany (not yet started)">Archaeobotany</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrobotany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrobotany (not yet started)">Astrobotany</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bryology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendrology" title="Dendrology">Dendrology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethnobotany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethnobotany (not yet started)">Ethnobotany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleobotany" title="Paleobotany">Paleobotany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phycology" title="Phycology">Phycology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phytochemistry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phytochemistry (not yet started)">Phytochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phytogeography&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phytogeography (not yet started)">Phytogeography</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geobotanical_prospecting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geobotanical prospecting (not yet started)">Geobotany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_anatomy" title="Plant anatomy">Plant anatomy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plant_ecology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plant ecology (not yet started)">Plant ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_pathology" title="Plant pathology">Plant pathology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plant</a> groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">Algae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeplastida" title="Archaeplastida">Archaeplastida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryophyte" title="Bryophyte">Bryophyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-vascular_plant" title="Non-vascular plant">Non-vascular plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Vascular plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">Fern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycophyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycophyte">Lycophyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spermatophyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Spermatophyte">Spermatophytes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnosperm" title="Gymnosperm">Gymnosperm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_anatomy" title="Plant anatomy">Plant anatomy</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_morphology" title="Plant morphology">Plant morphology</a><br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_plant_morphology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glossary of plant morphology (not yet started)">glossary</a>)</span></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_cell" title="Plant cell">Plant cells</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cell_wall" title="Cell wall">Cell wall</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phragmoplast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phragmoplast (not yet started)">Phragmoplast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastid" title="Plastid">Plastid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasmodesma" title="Plasmodesma">Plasmodesma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuole" title="Vacuole">Vacuole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tissue_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tissue (biology)">Tissues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cork_cambium" title="Cork cambium">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_tissue" title="Ground tissue">Ground tissue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leaf#Mesophyll" title="Leaf">Mesophyll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meristem" title="Meristem">Meristem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storage_organ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Storage organ (not yet started)">Storage organs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_tissue" title="Vascular tissue">Vascular tissue</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vascular_bundle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vascular bundle (not yet started)">Vascular bundle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%">Vegetative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulb" title="Bulb">Bulb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root" title="Root">Root</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhizoid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhizoid (not yet started)">Rhizoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizome" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhizome">Rhizome</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoot_(botany)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shoot (botany) (not yet started)">Shoot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bud" title="Bud">Bud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf">Leaf</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cataphyll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cataphyll (not yet started)">Cataphyll</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petiole_(botany)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petiole (botany) (not yet started)">Petiole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sessility_(botany)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sessility (botany) (not yet started)">Sessility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_stem" title="Plant stem">Stem</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plant_reproductive_morphology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plant reproductive morphology (not yet started)">Reproductive</a><br />(incl. Flower)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archegonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archegonium (not yet started)">Archegonium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antheridium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antheridium (not yet started)">Antheridium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">Androecium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">Pollen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">Stamen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staminode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staminode (not yet started)">Staminode</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tapetum_(botany)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tapetum (botany) (not yet started)">Tapetum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">Flower</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aestivation_(botany)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aestivation (botany) (not yet started)">Aestivation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ABC_model_of_flower_development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABC model of flower development (not yet started)">Flower development</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Floral_diagram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Floral diagram (not yet started)">Floral diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Floral_formula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Floral formula (not yet started)">Floral formula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Floral_symmetry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Floral symmetry (not yet started)">Floral symmetry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whorl_(botany)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Whorl (botany) (not yet started)">Whorl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">Fruit</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fruit_anatomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fruit anatomy (not yet started)">Anatomy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berry_(botany)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berry (botany) (not yet started)">Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capsule_(fruit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capsule (fruit) (not yet started)">Capsule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrena (not yet started)">Pyrena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">Seed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seed_dispersal" title="Seed dispersal">Dispersal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endosperm" title="Endosperm">Endosperm</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gametophyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Gametophyte">Gametophyte</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Column_(botany)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Column (botany) (not yet started)">Gynandrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynoecium" title="Gynoecium">Gynoecium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ovary_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovary (botany)">Ovary</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Locule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Locule (not yet started)">Locule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovule" title="Ovule">Ovule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stigma_(botany)" title="Stigma (botany)">Stigma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypanthium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypanthium (not yet started)">Hypanthium (Floral cup)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">Inflorescence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bract" title="Bract">Bract</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedicel_(botany)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedicel (botany) (not yet started)">Pedicellate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raceme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raceme (not yet started)">Raceme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umbel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umbel (not yet started)">Umbel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perianth" title="Perianth">Perianth</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tepal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tepal (not yet started)">Tepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petal" title="Petal">Petal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepal" title="Sepal">Sepal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embryo#Plant_embryos" title="Embryo">Plant embryo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Receptacle_(botany)" title="Receptacle (botany)">Receptacle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sporophyll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sporophyll (not yet started)">Sporophyll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporophyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Sporophyte">Sporophyte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%">Surface structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_cuticle" title="Plant cuticle">Cuticle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epicuticular_wax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epicuticular wax (not yet started)">Epicuticular wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidermis_(botany)" title="Epidermis (botany)">Epidermis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nectar" title="Nectar">Nectar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoma">Stoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorns,_spines,_and_prickles" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorns, spines, and prickles">Thorns, spines, and prickles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichome" title="Trichome">Trichome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_physiology" title="Plant physiology">Plant physiology</a><br />Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleurone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleurone (not yet started)">Aleurone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apical_dominance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apical dominance (not yet started)">Apical dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulk_movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulk movement (not yet started)">Bulk flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">Cellulose</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plant_nutrition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plant nutrition (not yet started)">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photosynthesis" title="Photosynthesis">Photosynthesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chlorophyll" title="Chlorophyll">Chlorophyll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phytomelanin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phytomelanin (not yet started)">Phytomelanin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_hormone" title="Plant hormone">Plant hormones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respiratory_system#Plants" title="Respiratory system">Respiration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas_exchange#Plants" title="Gas exchange">Gas Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cellular_Respiration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cellular Respiration (not yet started)">Cellular Respiration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sap" class="mw-redirect" title="Sap">Sap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">Starch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transpiration" title="Transpiration">Transpiration</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turgor_pressure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turgor pressure (not yet started)">Turgor pressure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%">Plant growth<br />and habit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habit_(biology)#Structure" title="Habit (biology)">Habit</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cushion_plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cushion plant (not yet started)">Cushion plants</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosette_(botany)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosette (botany) (not yet started)">Rosettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">Shrubs</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostrate_shrub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prostrate shrub (not yet started)">Prostrate shrubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subshrub" title="Subshrub">Subshrubs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succulent_plant" title="Succulent plant">Succulent plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">Trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vine" title="Vine">Vines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liana" title="Liana">Lianas</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbaceous_plant" title="Herbaceous plant">Herbaceous plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_growth" title="Secondary growth">Secondary growth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woody_plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Woody plant (not yet started)">Woody plants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_reproduction" title="Plant reproduction">Reproduction</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plant_evolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plant evolution (not yet started)">Evolution</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plant_ecology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plant ecology (not yet started)">Ecology</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternation_of_generations" title="Alternation of generations">Alternation of generations</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Double_fertilization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Double fertilization (not yet started)">Double fertilization</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plant_evolutionary_developmental_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plant evolutionary developmental biology (not yet started)">Evolutionary development</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_history_of_plants&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolutionary history of plants (not yet started)">Evolutionary history</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_plant_evolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of plant evolution (not yet started)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germination" title="Germination">Germination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollination" title="Pollination">Pollination</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_pollination&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artificial pollination (not yet started)">Artificial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollinator" title="Pollinator">Pollinators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollen_tube" title="Pollen tube">Pollen tube</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-pollination&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Self-pollination (not yet started)">Self</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporangium" title="Sporangium">Sporangium</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsporangia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microsporangia (not yet started)">Microsporangia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microspore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microspore (not yet started)">Microspore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporangium" title="Sporangium">Megasporangium</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megaspore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megaspore (not yet started)">Megaspore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spore" title="Spore">Spore</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plant_taxonomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plant taxonomy (not yet started)">Plant taxonomy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Biological classification</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botanical_nomenclature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Botanical nomenclature (not yet started)">Botanical nomenclature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botanical_name" title="Botanical name">Botanical name</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Correct_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Correct name (not yet started)">Correct name</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Author_citation_(botany)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Author citation (botany) (not yet started)">Author citation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_algae,_fungi,_and_plants&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (not yet started)">International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (not yet started)">ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultivated_plant_taxonomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cultivated plant taxonomy (not yet started)">Cultivated plant taxonomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citrus_taxonomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citrus taxonomy (not yet started)">Citrus taxonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultigen" title="Cultigen">Cultigen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">Cultivar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultivar_group" title="Cultivar group">Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grex_(horticulture)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grex (horticulture) (not yet started)">Grex</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_plant_systematics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of plant systematics (not yet started)">History of plant systematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbarium" title="Herbarium">Herbarium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Association_for_Plant_Taxonomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Association for Plant Taxonomy (not yet started)">International Association for Plant Taxonomy</a> (IAPT)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of systems of plant taxonomy (not yet started)">Plant taxonomy systems</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taxonomic_rank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taxonomic rank (not yet started)">Taxonomic rank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%">Practice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agronomy" title="Agronomy">Agronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Floriculture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Floriculture (not yet started)">Floriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horticulture" title="Horticulture">Horticulture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Lists</li><li>Related topics</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_botanical_terms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glossary of botanical terms (not yet started)">Botanical terms</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_botanists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of botanists (not yet started)">Botanists</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_botanists_by_author_abbreviation_(W%E2%80%93Z)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of botanists by author abbreviation (W–Z) (not yet started)">by author abbreviation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botanical_expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Botanical expedition (not yet started)">Botanical expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_individual_trees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of individual trees (not yet started)">Individual trees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #C3EEC3;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Botany" title="Category:Botany">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" 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