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(PDF) The first stage of uzbek textology and the development of publications of Navoiy‘s Khamsa

<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="KeX9O2oKQsctcyAO1qgt0sTs3WULqfzpjKBupFJkuEjSZdkXbpQiIRNMxNyD38gFMP-klo1ZtbV06U-jtogUwA" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="The first stage of uzbek textology and the development of publications of Navoiy‘s Khamsa" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Golden scripts" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="G&amp;#39;iyosiddin Shodmonov" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/117418850/The_first_stage_of_uzbek_textology_and_the_development_of_publications_of_Navoiy_s_Khamsa" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="The first stage of uzbek textology and the development of publications of Navoiy‘s Khamsa" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="In the middle of the last century in the field of Uzbek textology and source studies, significant achievements have been made in the study of Alisher Navoi&amp;#39;s works, in particular, in implementation of mass publica-tions of the poet&amp;#39;s epics" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/148631193/70140938/58552937/s200_g_iyosiddin.shodmonov.png" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/117418850/The_first_stage_of_uzbek_textology_and_the_development_of_publications_of_Navoiy_s_Khamsa" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The first stage of uzbek textology and the development of publications of Navoiy‘s Khamsa" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="In the middle of the last century in the field of Uzbek textology and source studies, significant achievements have been made in the study of Alisher Navoi&amp;#39;s works, in particular, in implementation of mass publica-tions of the poet&amp;#39;s epics" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/GiyosiddinShodmonov" /> <meta name="description" content="In the middle of the last century in the field of Uzbek textology and source studies, significant achievements have been made in the study of Alisher Navoi&amp;#39;s works, in particular, in implementation of mass publica-tions of the poet&amp;#39;s epics" /> <title>(PDF) The first stage of uzbek textology and the development of publications of Navoiy‘s Khamsa</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/117418850/The_first_stage_of_uzbek_textology_and_the_development_of_publications_of_Navoiy_s_Khamsa" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '1e60a92a442ff83025cbe4f252857ee7c49c0bbe'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740567333000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740567333000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"In the middle of the last century in the field of Uzbek textology and source studies, significant achievements have been made in the study of Alisher Navoi\u0026amp;amp;#39;s works, in particular, in implementation of mass publica-tions of the poet\u0026amp;amp;#39;s epics \u0026amp;amp;quot;Khamsa\u0026amp;amp;quot; and compilation of their scientific-criti-cal texts. Porso Shamsievis a textologist who created a school for the study of manuscripts of the Khamsa epics and composed its scientific and critical texts. His contribution to many publications created during this period is great. Therefore, the study of scientific and practical activities of the scien-tist in this field, the acquisition of his scientific experience, as well as the theoretical examination of publications made by P. Shamsiev and his di-rect participation are among the priorities of textology studies. Of course, the study of the activities of scholars, the mastery of their experience in publishing and composing scientific-critical texts is very important in the...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"G'iyosiddin Shodmonov","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GiyosiddinShodmonov"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2024-04-12","dateModified":"2024-04-12","headline":"The first stage of uzbek textology and the development of publications of Navoiy‘s Khamsa","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113281158/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"az","keywords":["Publishing","Uzbek"],"publication":"Golden scripts","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Alisher Navo'i Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and 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window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":117418850,"created_at":"2024-04-12T20:27:09.511-07:00","from_world_paper_id":252809998,"updated_at":"2024-04-17T03:13:07.380-07:00","_data":{"abstract":"In the middle of the last century in the field of Uzbek textology and source studies, significant achievements have been made in the study of Alisher Navoi\u0026#39;s works, in particular, in implementation of mass publica-tions of the poet\u0026#39;s epics \u0026quot;Khamsa\u0026quot; and compilation of their scientific-criti-cal texts. Porso Shamsievis a textologist who created a school for the study of manuscripts of the Khamsa epics and composed its scientific and critical texts. His contribution to many publications created during this period is great. Therefore, the study of scientific and practical activities of the scien-tist in this field, the acquisition of his scientific experience, as well as the theoretical examination of publications made by P. Shamsiev and his di-rect participation are among the priorities of textology studies. Of course, the study of the activities of scholars, the mastery of their experience in publishing and composing scientific-critical texts is very important in the...","publisher":"Alisher Navo'i Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature","publication_name":"Golden scripts"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"az","title":"The first stage of uzbek textology and the development of publications of Navoiy‘s Khamsa","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [148631193]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;swp-splash-paper-cover&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:113281158,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;}"><img alt="First page of “The first stage of uzbek textology and the development of publications of Navoiy‘s Khamsa”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/113281158/mini_magick20240802-1-31ak2l.png?1722634810" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The first stage of uzbek textology and the development of publications of Navoiy‘s Khamsa</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="148631193" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GiyosiddinShodmonov"><img alt="Profile image of G&#39;iyosiddin Shodmonov" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/148631193/70140938/58552937/s65_g_iyosiddin.shodmonov.png" />G&#39;iyosiddin Shodmonov</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">Golden scripts</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">27 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 117418850; 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and compilation of their scientific-criti-cal texts. Porso Shamsievis a textologist who created a school for the study of manuscripts of the Khamsa epics and composed its scientific and critical texts. His contribution to many publications created during this period is great. Therefore, the study of scientific and practical activities of the scien-tist in this field, the acquisition of his scientific experience, as well as the theoretical examination of publications made by P. Shamsiev and his di-rect participation are among the priorities of textology studies. Of course, the study of the activities of scholars, the mastery of their experience in publishing and composing scientific-critical texts is very important in the...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;continue-reading-button--work-card&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:113281158,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/117418850/The_first_stage_of_uzbek_textology_and_the_development_of_publications_of_Navoiy_s_Khamsa&quot;}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;download-pdf-button--work-card&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:113281158,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/117418850/The_first_stage_of_uzbek_textology_and_the_development_of_publications_of_Navoiy_s_Khamsa&quot;}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="117418850" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;signup-banner&quot;}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Xususan, tilshunoslik muammolarini ham yangicha yo‘sinda talqin etishiga urinish katta qiziqish paydo bo‘lishiga sabab bo‘lishi tayin.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Mayl kategoriyasining yapon va o‘zbek tillarida tadqiqi bo‘yicha ilmiy nazariy qarashlar&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:117581287,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/123055803/Mayl_kategoriyasining_yapon_va_o_zbek_tillarida_tadqiqi_bo_yicha_ilmiy_nazariy_qarashlar&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/123055803/Mayl_kategoriyasining_yapon_va_o_zbek_tillarida_tadqiqi_bo_yicha_ilmiy_nazariy_qarashlar"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="124328569" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/124328569/Rhetoric_used_in_Mesnevi_M_Fizuli_Leyli_and_Mejnun_">Rhetoric used in Mesnevi M. Fizuli “Leyli and Mejnun”</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="264465590" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JalyaShukurova">Jalya Shukurova</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Deleted Journal, 2024</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">M.FÜZULİNİN &quot;LEYLİ VƏ MƏCNUN&quot; MƏSNƏVİSİNDƏ İŞLƏDİLƏN TƏŞBİHLƏR XÜLASƏ M.Füzuli həmişə diqqət mərkəzində olan, tədqiqatı dayanmadan aparılan Şərqin ən müdrik söz ustadıdır. Şairin poetik dili, onun özünü ifadə etmək üsulu digər şairlərdən fərqlənir. Bu sənətkarın poetik fiqurlarla zəngin olan hər bir misrası oxucunu riqqətə gətirir. Məqalənin əvvəlində təşbihlərin klassik ədəbiyyatda əvvəlcə mövqeyi nəzərdən keşirilib. Daha sonra isə təşbihlərin daxil olduğu bəyan elminin tərifi qısa şəkildə məqalədə öz əksini tapıb. Verilən məqalədə M.Füzulinin &quot;Leyli və Məcnun&quot; əsərində işlətdiyi təşbihlər araşdırılıb. Təşbihin müxtəlif növləri təyin olunaraq izah edilib. Başdan-başa həm ləfzi, həm məani gözəlliklərlə bəzənmiş Füzuli sözünün qüdrəti onun işlətdiyi rəngarəng ifadələrin arxasında gizlənmişdir. Dahi şairin məsnəvisində maraq doğuran məqamlardan biri də şairin bir neçə sənət nümunəsini bir arada işlətməsidir. Məqalədə məsnəvidən verilən beytlərdə təşbihlərlə yanaşı digər poetik fiqurların da yer alması nümunələr əsasında izah edilib. Açar sözlər: bəyan elmi, ifadə vasitəsi, təşbih, bənzətmə.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Rhetoric used in Mesnevi M. Fizuli “Leyli and Mejnun”&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:118574974,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/124328569/Rhetoric_used_in_Mesnevi_M_Fizuli_Leyli_and_Mejnun_&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/124328569/Rhetoric_used_in_Mesnevi_M_Fizuli_Leyli_and_Mejnun_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="126156212" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126156212/ALISHER_NAVOIY_DOSTONLARIDA_YO_L_OBRAZI_The_Image_of_the_Road_in_Alisher_Navois_Epic_Poems">ALISHER NAVOIY DOSTONLARIDA YO‘L OBRAZI / The Image of the Road in Alisher Navoi&#39;s Epic Poems</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="246859887" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OAvaznazarov">Odiljon R A H M A T U L L O Y E V I C H Avaznazarov</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">ALISHER NAVOIY DOSTONLARIDA YO‘L OBRAZI / The Image of the Road in Alisher Navoi&#39;s Epic Poems, 2024</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Аnnotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada Alisher Navoiy dostonlaridagi yo‘l obrazining badiiy talqinlari tadqiq qilindi. Muallif epik poeziyasida keng qo‘llangan ushbu obraz poetikasida Qur’oni karim, hadisi sharif, tasavvuf manbalari hamda salaflar ijodiy tajribalarining ta’siri borligi ochib berildi. Shuningdek, Navoiy bu ijodiy tajribalarni rivojlantirgani, yo‘l obraziga istiora usuli bilan o‘nlab yangidan-yangi ma’nolarni yuklagani asoslab berildi. Kalit so‘zlar: doston, poetika, Qur’on, hadis, tasavvuf, obraz, istiora, badiiy talqin. Аннотация: В данной статье рассматриваются художественные интерпретации образа пути в эпосах Алишера Навои. Исследование показывает, что поэтика этого широко используемого образа в его эпической поэзии была вдохновлена Кораном, хадисами, суфийскими источниками и творческим опытом его предшественников. Кроме того, продемонстрировано, что Навои развил эти творческие традиции и обогатил образ пути десятками новых значений с помощью метафоры. Ключевые слова: эпос, поэтика, Коран, хадис, суфизм, образ, метафора, художественная интерпретация. Annotation: This article examines the artistic interpretations of the image of the road in Alisher Navoi&#39;s epics. The study reveals that the poetics of this widely utilized image in his epic poetry were influenced by the Quran, Hadith, Sufi sources, and the creative experiences of his predecessors. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that Navoi developed these creative traditions and enriched the image of the road with dozens of new meanings through the use of metaphor. Key words: Epic, Poetics, Quran, Hadith, Sufism, Image, Metaphor, Artistic interpretation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;ALISHER NAVOIY DOSTONLARIDA YO‘L OBRAZI / The Image of the Road in Alisher Navoi&#39;s Epic Poems&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:120076689,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/126156212/ALISHER_NAVOIY_DOSTONLARIDA_YO_L_OBRAZI_The_Image_of_the_Road_in_Alisher_Navois_Epic_Poems&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126156212/ALISHER_NAVOIY_DOSTONLARIDA_YO_L_OBRAZI_The_Image_of_the_Road_in_Alisher_Navois_Epic_Poems"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="118389755" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118389755/Azerbaycan_T%C3%BCrk_Dilinin_L%C3%BCgat_Terkibinin_Zenginle%C5%9Fmesinde_Morfoloji_ve_Sentaktik_Usul%C3%BCn_Rol%C3%BC">Azerbaycan-Türk Dilinin Lügat Terkibinin Zenginleşmesinde Morfoloji ve Sentaktik Usulün Rolü</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="302953252" href="https://az-npu.academia.edu/ElbrusVeliyev">Elbrus Veliyev</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">DergiPark (Istanbul University), 2022</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Azerbaycan-Türk Dilinin Lügat Terkibinin Zenginleşmesinde Morfoloji ve Sentaktik Usulün Rolü&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:114027970,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/118389755/Azerbaycan_T%C3%BCrk_Dilinin_L%C3%BCgat_Terkibinin_Zenginle%C5%9Fmesinde_Morfoloji_ve_Sentaktik_Usul%C3%BCn_Rol%C3%BC&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118389755/Azerbaycan_T%C3%BCrk_Dilinin_L%C3%BCgat_Terkibinin_Zenginle%C5%9Fmesinde_Morfoloji_ve_Sentaktik_Usul%C3%BCn_Rol%C3%BC"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="117926299" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117926299/Adabiyot_Darslarida_Didaktik_Tarbiya">Adabiyot Darslarida Didaktik Tarbiya</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="303219830" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NodiraXudoyberdiyeva">Nodira Xudoyberdiyeva</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Andijon qishloq xo&#39;jaligi va agrotexnologiyalar institute qoshidagi akademik litsey ona tili va adabiyot fani o&#39;qituvchisi Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada Adabiyot darslarida didaktik tarbiya, diktatik o&#39;yinlar, pedagogik yangilikni o&#39;zlashtirish va uni tatbiq etishga nisbatan o&#39;qituvchining munosabati, O&#39;qituvchi faoliyatida o&#39;z-o&#39;zini faollashtirish, o&#39;z ijodkorligi, o&#39;z-o&#39;zini bilishi va yaratuvchiligi haqida ma&#39;lumotlar berilgan. Kalit so&#39;zlar: Adabiyot, didaktik o&#39;yin, innovatsion faoliyat, innovatsion pedagogika, pedagogik tajribalar, ta&#39;lim sifati, ta&#39;lim muassasalari. Hozirda ta&#39;lim sohasida amalga oshirilayotgan, barcha islohotlarning mazmunmohiyati bir narsaga, ya&#39;ni ta&#39;limning sifatini oshirish, dars jarayonida kam kuch sarflab, ko&#39;proq samaradorlikka erishishga qaratilgan. Biz ham ushbu nazariyani</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Adabiyot Darslarida Didaktik Tarbiya&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:113668900,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/117926299/Adabiyot_Darslarida_Didaktik_Tarbiya&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117926299/Adabiyot_Darslarida_Didaktik_Tarbiya"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="103271474" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/103271474/Elshan_Hajizade_bibliography">Elshan Hajizade bibliography</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32304350" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EESTIScientificJournals">The Baltic S C I E N T I F I C Journals</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Biblioqrafik nəşr iqtisad elmləri doktoru, professor Elşən Mahmud oğlu Hacızadənin həyatı, elmi-pedaqoji, əmək və ictimai fəaliyyətinə həsr olunmuşdur. Nəşrdə Azərbaycan, rus və ingilis dillərində müəllifin həyat hadisələrinin mühüm tarixləri, elmi fəaliyyətinin əsas istiqamətləri, elmi dərəcə, elmi ad və təhsili ilə bağlı aldığı attestatlar, diplomlar, sertifikatlar və digər şəhadətnamələr, elmi əsərlərin biblioqrafiyası, publisistik məqalələrin siyahısı, elm və təhsil müəssisələrində yerinə yetirdiyi tədqiqat işləri, hazırladığı layihələr, kitabları haqqında mətbuatda çıxan resenziyalar, iştirak etdiyi dəyirmi masalar, rəsmi opponent və resenzent olduğu dissertasiyalar, dissertasiya şuralarında iştirakı, üzvü və rəhbəri olduğu elmi redaksiya heyətləri barədə informasiyalara da yer verilmişdir. Nəşrin mətninə həmçinin müəllifin elmi əsərlərinə edilən &quot;Yüz bir istinad&quot;, təltifləri, filmoqrafiya fəaliyyəti, internet resurslarında, ensiklopediyalarda və ayrı-ayrı nəşrlərdə onun haqqında verilən bioqrafik məlumatlar da daxil edilmişdir. Biblioqrafik nəşr iqtisadiyyat və idarəetmə sahəsi üzrə elmi-tədqiqat işləri aparan alim və mütəxəssislər, müəllim və tələbələr, elecə də geniş oxucu kütləsi üçün nəzərdə tutulmuşdur.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Elshan Hajizade bibliography&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:103323364,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/103271474/Elshan_Hajizade_bibliography&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/103271474/Elshan_Hajizade_bibliography"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="125007519" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/125007519/_O%C4%9Fuznam%C9%99_Eposunun_Uy%C4%9Fur_Versi_yasinda_O%C4%9Fuz_Ka%C4%9Fan_Obrazinin_Teoqoni_k_Semanti_kasi">“Oğuznamə” Eposunun Uyğur Versi̇yasinda Oğuz Kağan Obrazinin Teoqoni̇k Semanti̇kasi</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="219929801" href="https://aztu.academia.edu/AynurFarajova">Aynur Farajova</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Qədim diyar, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Türk epik-mifoloji düşüncəsində teoqonik obrazlar sisteminin tədqiqi baxımdan ən zəngin qaynaqlardan birini çoxsaylı variantları olan &quot;Oğuznamə&quot; eposu təşkil edir. &quot;Oğuznamə&quot; dastanının bizə məlum olan variantlarının, demək olar ki, hamısı islami oğuznaməlıdir. Onların içərisində yalnız biri-uyğur hərfləri ilə yazılmış &quot;Oğuz kağan&quot; dastanı bu baxımdan istisna təşkil edərək, İslamdan qabaqkı epik-mifoloji görüşləri əks etdirir. &quot;Oğuz kağan&quot; dastanının əlamətdar cəhəti onda Oğuz teoqoniyasının bütöv bir proses şəklində öz ifadəsini tapmasıdır. Dastan bu cəhətdən Oğuz teoqonik təsəvvürləri haqqında zəngin biliklər təqdim edir. Dastanda Oğuz kağan bilavasitə tanrı Ay kağanın övladı kimi &quot;Tanrı oğlu&quot; statusunu daşıyır. Oğuz kağan bir Tanrı oğlu olduğu üçün onun övladları da Tanrının nəsli, yəni nəvə-nəticələri hesab olunurlar. Beləliklə, &quot;Oğuznamə&quot;nin uyğur versiyasında təsvir olunan yaradılış prosesi Tanrıdan başlanmaqla tam bir teoqonik sistemidir.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;“Oğuznamə” Eposunun Uyğur Versi̇yasinda Oğuz Kağan Obrazinin Teoqoni̇k Semanti̇kasi&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:119127791,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/125007519/_O%C4%9Fuznam%C9%99_Eposunun_Uy%C4%9Fur_Versi_yasinda_O%C4%9Fuz_Ka%C4%9Fan_Obrazinin_Teoqoni_k_Semanti_kasi&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/125007519/_O%C4%9Fuznam%C9%99_Eposunun_Uy%C4%9Fur_Versi_yasinda_O%C4%9Fuz_Ka%C4%9Fan_Obrazinin_Teoqoni_k_Semanti_kasi"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="125542175" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/125542175/The_system_of_characters_in_Nedim_s_diwan">The system of characters in Nedim’s diwan</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="113434373" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AygunYusubova">Aygun Yusubova</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Şərq araşdırmaları, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Osmanlı tarixinə &quot;Lalə dövrü&quot; adı ilə daxil olan (1718-1730) on iki illik bir dönəm Sultan III Əhmədin (1703-1730) səltənətinin ikinci mərhələsinə təsadüf edir. Dövrün sədrəzəmi Damad İbrahim Paşa tərəfindən 21 iyul 1718-ci il tarixində Avstriya ilə Osmanlı dövlətləri arasında imzalanmış Pasarofça sülh müqaviləsindən sonra Qərb ilə keçmiş əsrlərdən miras qalan soyuq münasibətlərdə yavaş-yavaş isinmə başlanmışdır. Lalə dövrü Osmanlı tarixində Avropa ilə siyasi, iqtisadi və mədəni əlaqələrin yaradıldığı və inkişaf etdirildiyi tarixi bir mərhələdir. Həyatın demək olar ki, bütün sahələrinə dövrün tələbinə uyğun yeniliklər gətirilsə də, klassik və ənənəvi dəyərlər qorunmuş, incəsənətdə ənənə daxilində yeniliklər edilmişdir. Bu dövrdə Osmanlı dövlətinin xarici siyasətində olduğu kimi daxilində də bir sabitlik hökm sürmüşdür. Türk incəsənətinin və bədii zövqünün daha da inkişaf etdiyi, həmçinin Qərb ənənələrinə uyğunlaşdığı bu dövrü simvolizə edən divan şairi isə Əhməd Nədimdir. Nədimin &quot;Divan&quot;ına nəzər yetirdikdə müxtəlif zümrələrə məxsus obrazlara rast gəlirik. Xüsusilədə şairin qəsidə və qitələrində müşahidə etdiyimiz insan tiplərinin əksəriyyəti tarixi şəxsiyyətlərdir. Onu da qeyd edək ki, türk divan ədəbiyyatı ənənəsində təsvir olunan obrazlarla, cəmiyyətin yüksək təbəqəsi sayılan saray və ətrafı ilə başlayaraq orta təbəqəyə mənsub məmurlar, hətta saray musiqiçiləri, təriqət şeyxlər ivədönəm şairlərinə qədər çox zəngin obrazlar qalereyası yaratdığını müşahidə edirik. Zamanı, sənət aləmində bir süzgəcə bənzədən görkəmli ədəbiyyatşünas Mehmet Fuad Köprülüzadənin sözləri ilə desək, müəyyən dövrlərdə müəyyən zövqlərin bəhs edildiyi, canlandırıldığı, hətta böyük qiymət verildiyi bir çox əsərlər, zaman süzgəcindən süzülə-süzülə keçərək hər dövrdən yadigar olaraq özündə bir neçə qətrə saxlayır. Lalə dövrü deyincə mütləq Sadabadı xatırlayır, Sadabadı xatırlayınca isə istər-istəməz Nədimi düşünürük. Çünki Ladə dövrü və Sadabad Nədimin &quot;Divan&quot;ında zamanın süzgəcindən keçmişdir. Başqa bədii sənət nümunələri, təzkərələr, rəsmi və tarixi sənədlər kimi bu divan da bizə o dövrün mədəni həyatının güzgüsüdür. Onun daxilini, zövqünü bizlərə ancaq Nədim hiss etdirə bilmişdir. Məhz bu səbəbdən də Nədim böyük şairdir. (1, s.12) Nədim yaşadığı dövrü, vurğunu olduğu İstanbulu, nümayəndəsi olduğu xalqının gündəlik həyat tərzini şeirlərində yaşadan bənzərsiz bədii təxəyyülə malik, zövq və əyləncəyə meyilli yenilikçi bir divan şairidir. Divan ədəbiyyatının təşəkkül dövründən başlayaraq son dönəminə qədər ən geniş şəkildə tərənnüm olunan obrazlardan birincisi isə padişahlar olmuşdur. XVIII əsrdə Nədim də bu ənənəyə sadiq qalaraq &quot;Divan&quot;ında dövrün sultanı III Əhmədin də vəsfinə geniş yer ayırmışdır.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;The system of characters in Nedim’s diwan&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:119565745,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/125542175/The_system_of_characters_in_Nedim_s_diwan&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/125542175/The_system_of_characters_in_Nedim_s_diwan"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="118446966" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118446966/Legal_Norms_on_the_Protection_of_Copyright_and_Related_Rights_in_the_Digital_Environment_in_the_Legislation_of_Uzbekistan_and_International_Treaties">Legal Norms on the Protection of Copyright and Related Rights in the Digital Environment in the Legislation of Uzbekistan and International Treaties</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="303322000" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AbdumuminYuldashov">Abdumumin Yuldashov</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Jurisprudence</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The article deals with the problems associated with ensuring the legal protection of objects of copyright since the last quarter of the twentieth century and related rights in information and communication networks and, in turn, issues related to the constant maintenance of a balance between authors (right holders) and users are discussed. It is known that in 1996 the World Intellectual Property Organization adopted 2 important documents - “Internet Treaties” - to ensure the legal protection of copyright and related rights on the Internet. It was the adoption of these documents that had a serious impact on the countries of the world, making the necessary changes to their national copyright laws. At the same time, in the last 20-30 years, the rules for ensuring the copyright protection and related rights in the digital environment have taken place among other international and regional documents related to the field. It should be noted that the national copyright legislation of Uzbek...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Legal Norms on the Protection of Copyright and Related Rights in the Digital Environment in the Legislation of Uzbekistan and International Treaties&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:114072019,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/118446966/Legal_Norms_on_the_Protection_of_Copyright_and_Related_Rights_in_the_Digital_Environment_in_the_Legislation_of_Uzbekistan_and_International_Treaties&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118446966/Legal_Norms_on_the_Protection_of_Copyright_and_Related_Rights_in_the_Digital_Environment_in_the_Legislation_of_Uzbekistan_and_International_Treaties"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="118446964" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118446964/The_Role_of_Collective_Management_in_Ensuring_Copyright_Protection_in_Uzbekistan">The Role of Collective Management in Ensuring Copyright Protection in Uzbekistan</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="303322000" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AbdumuminYuldashov">Abdumumin Yuldashov</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Jurisprudence</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The article discusses the current state and processes of copyright protection in Uzbekistan, in particular, the role of organizations that manage property rights on a collective basis. It is known that according to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Copyright and Related Rights”, authors, performers, producers of phonograms or other copyright holders of works of science, literature and art, in order to exercise their property rights, have the right to create organizations that manage their property rights on a collective basis. The article highlights the legal significance of the legal methods and means used by such organizations in the performance of their tasks and functions. Due to the fact that organizations that manage property rights on a collective basis are entitled to take any legal actions necessary to protect the rights they manage, the legal nature of these actions, the mechanisms for protecting the property and personal non-property rights of authors and right ho...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;The Role of Collective Management in Ensuring Copyright Protection in Uzbekistan&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:114072018,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/118446964/The_Role_of_Collective_Management_in_Ensuring_Copyright_Protection_in_Uzbekistan&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118446964/The_Role_of_Collective_Management_in_Ensuring_Copyright_Protection_in_Uzbekistan"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:113281158,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:113281158,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_113281158" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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