CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="th" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>ภาษาอียิปต์ - วิกิพีเดีย</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )thwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "thai","wgMonthNames":["","มกราคม","กุมภาพันธ์","มีนาคม","เมษายน","พฤษภาคม","มิถุนายน","กรกฎาคม","สิงหาคม","กันยายน","ตุลาคม","พฤศจิกายน","ธันวาคม"],"wgRequestId":"ffccc5af-bdd6-432b-8092-72c1ae69fa9d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"ภาษาอียิปต์","wgTitle":"ภาษาอียิปต์","wgCurRevisionId":11902098,"wgRevisionId":11902098,"wgArticleId":1047437,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the WikiHiero extension","หน้าที่มีข้อผิดพลาดการอ้างอิง","ภาษาที่มีรหัส ISO 639-2", "บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาอียิปต์โบราณ","บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาคอปติก","Webarchive template wayback links","บทความที่มีตัวระบุ BNF","บทความที่มีตัวระบุ BNFdata","บทความที่มีตัวระบุ GND","บทความที่มีตัวระบุ J9U","บทความที่มีตัวระบุ LCCN","บทความที่มีตัวระบุ NDL","บทความที่มีตัวระบุ NKC","ภาษาอียิปต์โบราณ","ภาษาสูญหาย"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"th","wgPageContentLanguage":"th","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"ภาษาอียิปต์","wgRelevantArticleId":1047437,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"th","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"th"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q50868","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser": false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.wikihiero":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader", "ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=th&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikihiero%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=th&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=th&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=th&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/G._Ebers_%28ed.%29%2C_Papyros_Ebers%2C_1875_Wellcome_L0016592.jpg/1200px-G._Ebers_%28ed.%29%2C_Papyros_Ebers%2C_1875_Wellcome_L0016592.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1472"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/G._Ebers_%28ed.%29%2C_Papyros_Ebers%2C_1875_Wellcome_L0016592.jpg/800px-G._Ebers_%28ed.%29%2C_Papyros_Ebers%2C_1875_Wellcome_L0016592.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="982"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/G._Ebers_%28ed.%29%2C_Papyros_Ebers%2C_1875_Wellcome_L0016592.jpg/640px-G._Ebers_%28ed.%29%2C_Papyros_Ebers%2C_1875_Wellcome_L0016592.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="785"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="ภาษาอียิปต์ - วิกิพีเดีย"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//th.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="แก้ไข" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="วิกิพีเดีย (th)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//th.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.th"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="ฟีดอะตอม วิกิพีเดีย" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-ภาษาอียิปต์ rootpage-ภาษาอียิปต์ skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">ข้ามไปเนื้อหา</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เมนูหลัก" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เมนูหลัก</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เมนูหลัก</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การนำทาง </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="เยี่ยมชมหน้าหลัก [z]" accesskey="z"><span>หน้าหลัก</span></a></li><li id="n-ask" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1"><span>ถามคำถาม</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ค้นหาข้อมูลเบื้องหลังในเหตุการณ์ปัจจุบัน"><span>เหตุการณ์ปัจจุบัน</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1" title="โหลดหน้าแบบสุ่ม [x]" accesskey="x"><span>สุ่มบทความ</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="ทำความรู้จักวิกิพีเดีย"><span>เกี่ยวกับวิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="วิธีการติดต่อวิกิพีเดีย"><span>ติดต่อเรา</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> มีส่วนร่วม </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D" title="ข้อแนะนำการใช้และแก้ไขวิกิพีเดีย"><span>คำอธิบาย</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99"><span>เริ่มต้นเขียน</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1" title="เกี่ยวกับโครงการ สิ่งที่คุณทำได้ และวิธีการค้นหา"><span>ศาลาประชาคม</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในวิกินี้ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>ปรับปรุงล่าสุด</span></a></li><li id="n-discord" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94"><span>ดิสคอร์ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="วิกิพีเดีย" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-th.svg" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 1.6875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="สารานุกรมเสรี" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-th.svg" width="100" height="18" style="width: 6.25em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ค้นหา</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" aria-label="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="พิเศษ:ค้นหา"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ค้นหา</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-บรรณานุกรม" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#บรรณานุกรม"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>บรรณานุกรม</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-บรรณานุกรม-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-วรรณกรรม" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#วรรณกรรม"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>วรรณกรรม</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-วรรณกรรม-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle วรรณกรรม subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-วรรณกรรม-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ภาพรวม" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ภาพรวม"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>ภาพรวม</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ภาพรวม-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ไวยากรณ์" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ไวยากรณ์"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>ไวยากรณ์</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ไวยากรณ์-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-พจนานุกรม" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#พจนานุกรม"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>พจนานุกรม</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-พจนานุกรม-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-พจนานุกรมออนไลน์" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#พจนานุกรมออนไลน์"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>พจนานุกรมออนไลน์</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-พจนานุกรมออนไลน์-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ภาษาอียิปต์</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 98 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">98 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Египеттәи абызшәа – อับฮาเซีย" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Египеттәи абызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="อับฮาเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egipties" title="Egipties – แอฟริกานส์" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Egipties" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="แอฟริกานส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8D%E1%89%A5%E1%8C%BD%E1%8A%9B" title="ግብጽኛ – อัมฮารา" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ግብጽኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="อัมฮารา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luengas_echipcias" title="Luengas echipcias – อารากอน" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Luengas echipcias" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="อารากอน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة المصرية – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة المصرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="لغه مصريه – อาหรับพื้นเมืองอียิปต์" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه مصريه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="อาหรับพื้นเมืองอียิปต์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_exipcianes" title="Llingües exipcianes – อัสตูเรียส" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües exipcianes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="อัสตูเรียส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="Египеталъул мацӀ – อาวาร์" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Египеталъул мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="อาวาร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misir_dili" title="Misir dili – อาเซอร์ไบจาน" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Misir dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="อาเซอร์ไบจาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Егіпецкая мова – เบลารุส" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Егіпецкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="เบลารุส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Эгіпецкая мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эгіпецкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Египетски език – บัลแกเรีย" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Египетски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="บัลแกเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="মিশরীয় ভাষা – บังกลา" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মিশরীয় ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="บังกลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egipteg" title="Egipteg – เบรตัน" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Egipteg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="เบรตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_eg%C3%ADpcies" title="Llengües egípcies – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües egípcies" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%82i-g%C4%ADk-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Ăi-gĭk-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ăi-gĭk-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt%C5%A1tina" title="Egyptština – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Egyptština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiffteg" title="Eiffteg – เวลส์" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Eiffteg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="เวลส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptisk_(sprog)" title="Egyptisk (sprog) – เดนมาร์ก" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Egyptisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="เดนมาร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84gyptische_Sprache" title="Ägyptische Sprache – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ägyptische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%B1s%C4%B1rki" title="Mısırki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mısırki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptojska_r%C4%9Bc" title="Egyptojska rěc – ซอร์เบียตอนล่าง" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Egyptojska rěc" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="ซอร์เบียตอนล่าง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%B3%CF%85%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Αρχαία αιγυπτιακή γλώσσα – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρχαία αιγυπτιακή γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Egyptian language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egipta_lingvo" title="Egipta lingvo – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Egipta lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_egipcias" title="Lenguas egipcias – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas egipcias" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egiptuse_keel" title="Egiptuse keel – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Egiptuse keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egiptoera" title="Egiptoera – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Egiptoera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زبان مصری – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان مصری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptin_kieli" title="Egyptin kieli – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Egyptin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89gyptien_ancien" title="Égyptien ancien – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Égyptien ancien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptysk" title="Egyptysk – ฟริเซียนตะวันตก" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Egyptysk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ฟริเซียนตะวันตก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_%C3%89igiptis" title="An Éigiptis – ไอริช" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Éigiptis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ไอริช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_exipcia" title="Lingua exipcia – กาลิเซีย" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua exipcia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="กาลิเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harshen_Misira" title="Harshen Misira – เฮาซา" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Harshen Misira" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="เฮาซา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מצרית – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מצרית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मिस्री भाषा – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मिस्री भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_bhasa" title="Egyptian bhasa – ฮินดีฟิจิ" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Egyptian bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="ฮินดีฟิจิ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egipatski_jezik" title="Egipatski jezik – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Egipatski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptow%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Egyptowšćina – ซอร์เบียตอนบน" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Egyptowšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="ซอร์เบียตอนบน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansyen_Ejip" title="Ansyen Ejip – เฮติครีโอล" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ansyen Ejip" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="เฮติครีโอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyiptomi_nyelv" title="Egyiptomi nyelv – ฮังการี" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Egyiptomi nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ฮังการี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Եգիպտերեն – อาร์เมเนีย" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եգիպտերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="อาร์เมเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Mesir" title="Bahasa Mesir – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Mesir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornegypska" title="Fornegypska – ไอซ์แลนด์" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fornegypska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ไอซ์แลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_egizia" title="Lingua egizia – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua egizia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B8%E3%83%97%E3%83%88%E8%AA%9E" title="エジプト語 – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エジプト語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Mesir" title="Basa Mesir – ชวา" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Mesir" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ชวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ეგვიპტური ენა – จอร์เจีย" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეგვიპტური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="จอร์เจีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Мысыр тілі – คาซัค" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мысыр тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="คาซัค" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%88%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಈಜಿಪ್ಟಿಯನ್ ಭಾಷೆ – กันนาดา" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಈಜಿಪ್ಟಿಯನ್ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="กันนาดา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%91%ED%8A%B8%EC%96%B4" title="이집트어 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이집트어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Египет кыв – โกมิ" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Египет кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="โกมิ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Египет тили – คีร์กีซ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Египет тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="คีร์กีซ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Aegyptia" title="Lingua Aegyptia – ละติน" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Aegyptia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ละติน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egiptian_(lingua)" title="Egiptian (lingua) – ลิงกัวฟรังกาโนวา" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Egiptian (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="ลิงกัวฟรังกาโนวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptisch" title="Egyptisch – ลิมเบิร์ก" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Egyptisch" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ลิมเบิร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_egi%C3%A7ia" title="Lengua egiçia – ลิกูเรีย" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua egiçia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ลิกูเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senov%C4%97s_egiptie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_kalba" title="Senovės egiptiečių kalba – ลิทัวเนีย" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Senovės egiptiečių kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ลิทัวเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%92%C4%A3iptie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Ēģiptiešu valoda – ลัตเวีย" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ēģiptiešu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ลัตเวีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_egiptiana_taloha" title="Fiteny egiptiana taloha – มาลากาซี" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny egiptiana taloha" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="มาลากาซี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Египетски јазик – มาซิโดเนีย" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Египетски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="มาซิโดเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%88%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഈജിപ്ഷ്യൻ ഭാഷ – มาลายาลัม" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഈജിപ്ഷ്യൻ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="มาลายาลัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Mesir" title="Bahasa Mesir – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Mesir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Египетэнь кель – เอียร์ซยา" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Египетэнь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="เอียร์ซยา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मिस्री भाषा – เนปาล" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मिस्री भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="เนปาล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptisch" title="Egyptisch – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Egyptisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptisk" title="Egyptisk – นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Egyptisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptisk_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Egyptisk (språk) – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Egyptisk (språk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egipcian" title="Egipcian – อ็อกซิตัน" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Egipcian" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="อ็อกซิตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egipcio" title="Egipcio – ปาเปียเมนโต" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Egipcio" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="ปาเปียเมนโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_egipski" title="Język egipski – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język egipski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="مصري ژبه – พัชโต" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مصري ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="พัชโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_eg%C3%ADpcia" title="Língua egípcia – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua egípcia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_egiptean%C4%83" title="Limba egipteană – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba egipteană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Египетский язык – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Египетский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egipatski_jezik" title="Egipatski jezik – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Egipatski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8A%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ඊජිප්තු භාෂාව – สิงหล" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඊජිප්තු භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="สิงหล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Egyptian language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt%C4%8Dina_(star%C3%A1)" title="Egyptčina (stará) – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Egyptčina (stará)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egip%C4%8Dan%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Egipčanščina – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Egipčanščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luqada_Masaarida" title="Luqada Masaarida – โซมาลี" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Luqada Masaarida" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="โซมาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_egjiptiane" title="Gjuha egjiptiane – แอลเบเนีย" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha egjiptiane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="แอลเบเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Египатски језик – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Египатски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptiska" title="Egyptiska – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Egyptiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimisri" title="Kimisri – สวาฮีลี" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kimisri" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="สวาฮีลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="எகிப்திய மொழி – ทมิฬ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எகிப்திய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ทมิฬ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%B1s%C4%B1rca" title="Mısırca – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mısırca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Мисыр теле – ตาตาร์" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мисыр теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ตาตาร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Египет кыл – อุดมูร์ต" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Египет кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="อุดมูร์ต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Єгипетська мова – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Єгипетська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مصری زبان – อูรดู" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مصری زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="อูรดู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misr_tili" title="Misr tili – อุซเบก" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Misr tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="อุซเบก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Ai_C%E1%BA%ADp" title="Tiếng Ai Cập – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Ai Cập" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="埃及语 – จีนอู๋" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="埃及语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="จีนอู๋" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="埃及语 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃及语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ai-ki%CC%8Dp-g%C3%AD" title="Ai-ki̍p-gí – จีนมินหนาน" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ai-ki̍p-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="จีนมินหนาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%87" title="埃及文 – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="埃及文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q50868#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="ดูหน้าเนื้อหา [c]" accesskey="c"><span>บทความ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับหน้าเนื้อหา (ไม่มีหน้านี้) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>อภิปราย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เปลี่ยนรูปแบบภาษา" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ไทย</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ดู"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=history" title="แก้ไขเก่าของหน้านี้ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เครื่องมือ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การกระทำ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=history"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ทั่วไป </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="รายการหน้าวิกิทุกหน้าที่ลิงก์มาที่นี่ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>หน้าที่ลิงก์มา</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" rel="nofollow" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในหน้าที่ลิงก์จากหน้านี้ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>การเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกี่ยวโยง</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94" title="อัปโหลดไฟล์ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>อัปโหลดไฟล์</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9" title="รายการหน้าพิเศษทั้งหมด [q]" accesskey="q"><span>หน้าพิเศษ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&oldid=11902098" title="ลิงก์ถาวรมารุ่นนี้ของหน้านี้"><span>ลิงก์ถาวร</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=info" title="ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับหน้านี้"><span>สารสนเทศหน้า</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87&page=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&id=11902098&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="สารสนเทศเกี่ยวกับวิธีการอ้างอิงหน้านี้"><span>อ้างอิงบทความนี้</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%25A0%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A9%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B9%258C"><span>รับยูอาร์แอลแบบสั้น</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%25A0%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A9%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B9%258C"><span>ดาวน์โหลดคิวอาร์โค้ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> พิมพ์/ส่งออก </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Egyptian_language" hreflang="en"><span>วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q50868" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="above" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;color: black; background-color: #faecc8;">ภาษาอียิปต์</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color: black; background-color: #faecc8;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D21.png?9bfb9" height="11" title="D21 [r]" alt="r" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z1.png?4dc06" height="16" title="Z1" alt="Z1" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N35.png?fcc27" height="5" title="N35 [n]" alt="n" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_I6.png?19fec" height="17" title="I6 [km]" alt="km" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G17.png?3741e" height="38" title="G17 [m]" alt="m" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="11" title="X1 [t]" alt="t" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_O49.png?dd778" height="18" title="O49" alt="O49" /></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <i>r n km.t</i><sup id="cite_ref-Erman_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />ϯⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ภาษาคอปติก">คอปติก</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ภูมิภาค</th><td>เดิมพบทั่ว<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93" title="อียิปต์โบราณ">อียิปต์โบราณ</a>และบางส่วนของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="นูเบีย">นูเบีย</a> (โดยเฉพาะในสมัย<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อาณาจักรนูเบีย (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อาณาจักรนูเบีย</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-ancientsudan_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancientsudan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ชาติพันธุ์</th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93" title="อียิปต์โบราณ">อียิปต์โบราณ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ชาวคอปติก (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ชาวคอปติก</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ยุค</th><td>ปลายสหัสวรรษที่ 4 ก่อน ค.ศ. – คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 19<sup id="cite_ref-extinct_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extinct-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (หลังการสูญหายของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ภาษาคอปติก">ภาษาคอปติก</a>); ยังคงใช้เป็น<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ภาษาศักดิ์สิทธิ์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ภาษาในพิธีสวด</a>ใน<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coptic_Orthodox_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coptic Orthodox Church (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">คริสต์จักรออร์ทอดอกซ์คอปติก</a>และ<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coptic_Catholic_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coptic Catholic Church (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">คาทอลิกคอปติก</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2" title="ตระกูลภาษา">ตระกูลภาษา</a></th><td><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ตระกูลภาษาแอโฟรเอชีแอติก">แอโฟรเอชีแอติก</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li> <b>ภาษาอียิปต์</b></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ภาษาถิ่น</th><td><div>ตอนบน?<sup id="cite_ref-a2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-l8_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l8-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <abbr title="สูญพันธุ์" aria-label="สูญพันธุ์" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></div> <div>ตอนล่าง?<sup id="cite_ref-a2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-l8_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l8-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <abbr title="สูญพันธุ์" aria-label="สูญพันธุ์" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></div> <div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coptic_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coptic language (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">สำเนียงคอปติก</a></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="ระบบการเขียน">ระบบการเขียน</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="ไฮเออโรกลีฟอียิปต์">ไฮเออโรกลีฟอียิปต์</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="ไฮเออโรกลีฟแบบตัวเขียน">ไฮเออโรกลีฟแบบตัวเขียน</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieratic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hieratic (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เฮียราติกอียิปต์</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อักษรดีโมติกอียิปต์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ดีโมติกอียิปต์</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ชุดตัวอักษรคอปติก">คอปติก</a> (ต่อมา, บางครั้ง <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="ชุดตัวอักษรอาหรับ">ชุดตัวอักษรอาหรับ</a> ในการแปลของรัฐบาล และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="อักษรละติน">อักษรละติน</a>ในการทับศัพท์ของนักวิชาการและพจนานุกรไฮเออร์โลกลีฟต์บางเล่ม<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color: black; background-color: #faecc8;">รหัสภาษา</th></tr><tr><th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td><tt><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/egy" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:egy">egy</a></tt></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td><tt><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/egy" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:egy">egy</a></tt> (also <a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/cop" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:cop">cop</a> สำหรับ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ภาษาคอปติก">คอปติก</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linguasphere_Observatory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linguasphere Observatory (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Linguasphere</a></th><td><tt>11-AAA-a</tt></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:G._Ebers_(ed.),_Papyros_Ebers,_1875_Wellcome_L0016592.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/G._Ebers_%28ed.%29%2C_Papyros_Ebers%2C_1875_Wellcome_L0016592.jpg/300px-G._Ebers_%28ed.%29%2C_Papyros_Ebers%2C_1875_Wellcome_L0016592.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="368" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/G._Ebers_%28ed.%29%2C_Papyros_Ebers%2C_1875_Wellcome_L0016592.jpg/450px-G._Ebers_%28ed.%29%2C_Papyros_Ebers%2C_1875_Wellcome_L0016592.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/G._Ebers_%28ed.%29%2C_Papyros_Ebers%2C_1875_Wellcome_L0016592.jpg/600px-G._Ebers_%28ed.%29%2C_Papyros_Ebers%2C_1875_Wellcome_L0016592.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3774" data-file-height="4631" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">รายละเอียดการรักษา<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%94" class="mw-redirect" title="โรคหอบหืด">โรคหอบหืด</a>ใน <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebers_Papyrus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ebers Papyrus (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Ebers Papyrus</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ภาษาอียิปต์</b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ภาษาอียิปต์โบราณ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อียิปต์โบราณ</a>: <i lang="egy">𓂋𓏺𓈖 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖</i>, <small>รูปสะกดภาษาอียิปต์สมัยกลาง: </small><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5" title="สัทอักษรสากล">[ˈraʔ n̩ˈku.mat]</a></span><small></small>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ภาษาคอปติก">คอปติก</a>: <span lang="cop">ϯⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-Erman_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-l7_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> เป็นภาษาใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ตระกูลภาษาแอโฟรเอชีแอติก">ตระกูลภาษาแอโฟรเอชีแอติก</a>ซึ่งพูดใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93" title="อียิปต์โบราณ">อียิปต์โบราณ</a>ตั้งแต่ปลายสหัสวรรษที่ 4 ก่อนคริสต์ศักราช และเนื่องจากมีการพบหลักฐานการเขียนประโยคภาษาซูเมอร์ครั้งแรกสุดตั้งแต่ประมาณ 2,690 ปีก่อนคริสต์ศักราช ภาษาอียิปต์จึงถือว่าเป็นภาษาที่เก่าแก่ที่สุดในประวัติศาสตร์โลกเช่นเดียวกับ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ภาษาซูเมอร์">ภาษาซูเมอร์</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ภายหลังได้มีการพัฒนาเป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ภาษาคอปติก">ภาษาคอปติก</a>ในที่สุดเนื่องจากอิทธิพลของคริสต์ศาสนาที่เผยแผ่เข้ามา </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Erman-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Erman_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Erman_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Erman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolf Erman (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Erman, Adolf</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Grapow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Grapow (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Grapow, Hermann</a>, <i>Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache</i>, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 1926–1961. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/3050022647" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/3050022647">3050022647</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ancientsudan-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ancientsudan_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090105185615/http://ancientsudan.org/writing_03_old_nubian_%26_arabic.htm">"Ancient Sudan~ Nubia: Writing: The Basic Languages of Christian Nubia: Greek, Coptic, Old Nubian, and Arabic"</a>. <i>www.ancientsudan.org</i>. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจาก<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientsudan.org/writing_03_old_nubian_&_arabic.htm">แหล่งเดิม</a>เมื่อ 5 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2017-03-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ancientsudan.org&rft.atitle=Ancient+Sudan~+Nubia%3A+Writing%3A+The+Basic+Languages+of+Christian+Nubia%3A+Greek%2C+Coptic%2C+Old+Nubian%2C+and+Arabic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancientsudan.org%2Fwriting_03_old_nubian_%26_arabic.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-extinct-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-extinct_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The language may have survived in isolated pockets in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Egypt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upper Egypt (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Upper Egypt</a> as late as the 19th century, according to James Edward Quibell, "When did Coptic become extinct?" in <i>Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde</i>, 39 (1901), p. 87. In the village of Pi-Solsel (Az-Zayniyyah or El Zenya north of <a href="/wiki/Luxor" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxor">Luxor</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Passive_speaker_(language)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passive speaker (language) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">passive speakers</a> were recorded as late as the 1930s, and traces of traditional vernacular Coptic reported to exist in other places such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abydos,_Egypt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abydos, Egypt (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Abydos</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dendera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dendera (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Dendera</a>, see Werner Vycichl, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://copticsounds.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/pi-solsel-ein-dorf-mit-koptischer-uberlieferung1.pdf"><i>Pi-Solsel, ein Dorf mit koptischer Überlieferung</i></a> in: <i>Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo</i>, (MDAIK) vol. 6, 1936, pp. 169–175 (in German).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-a2_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-a2_4-1">4.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllen2000">Allen (2000</a>:2)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-l8-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-l8_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-l8_5-1">5.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoprieno1995">Loprieno (1995</a>:8)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.um.es/cepoat/egipcio/wp-content/uploads/egyptianhierogly.pdf">https://www.um.es/cepoat/egipcio/wp-content/uploads/egyptianhierogly.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-l7-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-l7_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="th" dir="ltr">อ้างอิงผิดพลาด: ป้ายระบุ <code><ref></code> ไม่ถูกต้อง ไม่มีการกำหนดข้อความสำหรับอ้างอิงชื่อ <code>l7</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllen2013">Allen (2013</a>:2)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="บรรณานุกรม"><span id=".E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.93.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.B8.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A1"></span>บรรณานุกรม</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: บรรณานุกรม"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Peter_Allen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Peter Allen (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Allen, James P.</a> (2000). <i>Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-521-65312-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-521-65312-1"><bdi>978-0-521-65312-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+Egyptian%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Language+and+Culture+of+Hieroglyphs&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-521-65312-1&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=James+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Peter_Allen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Peter Allen (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Allen, James P.</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gd6aAAAAQBAJ&pg=PP2"><i>The Ancient Egyptian Language: An Historical Study</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-1-107-66467-8" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-1-107-66467-8"><bdi>978-1-107-66467-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Egyptian+Language%3A+An+Historical+Study&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-107-66467-8&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=James+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGd6aAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFCallender1975" class="citation book cs1">Callender, John B. (1975). <i>Middle Egyptian</i>. Undena Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-89003-006-6" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-89003-006-6"><bdi>978-0-89003-006-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+Egyptian&rft.pub=Undena+Publications&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-89003-006-6&rft.aulast=Callender&rft.aufirst=John+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFLoprieno1995" class="citation book cs1">Loprieno, Antonio (1995). <i>Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-521-44384-5" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-521-44384-5"><bdi>978-0-521-44384-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Egyptian%3A+A+Linguistic+Introduction&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-521-44384-5&rft.aulast=Loprieno&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFSatzinger2008" class="citation news cs1">Satzinger, Helmut (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://homepage.univie.ac.at/helmut.satzinger/Texte/VoicedStops.pdf">"What happened to the voiced consonants of Egyptian?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. 2. Acts of the X International Congress of Egyptologists. pp. 1537–1546.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+happened+to+the+voiced+consonants+of+Egyptian%3F&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=1537-1546&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Satzinger&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhomepage.univie.ac.at%2Fhelmut.satzinger%2FTexte%2FVoicedStops.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFVycichl1983" class="citation book cs1">Vycichl, Werner (1983). <i>Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Copte</i>. Leuven. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9782-7247-0096-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9782-7247-0096-1"><bdi>9782-7247-0096-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+%C3%89tymologique+de+la+Langue+Copte&rft.place=Leuven&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9782-7247-0096-1&rft.aulast=Vycichl&rft.aufirst=Werner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFVycichl1990" class="citation book cs1">Vycichl, Werner (1990). <i>La Vocalisation de la Langue Égyptienne</i>. Cairo: IFAO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9782-7247-0096-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9782-7247-0096-1"><bdi>9782-7247-0096-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Vocalisation+de+la+Langue+%C3%89gyptienne&rft.place=Cairo&rft.pub=IFAO&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9782-7247-0096-1&rft.aulast=Vycichl&rft.aufirst=Werner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="วรรณกรรม"><span id=".E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.93.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A1"></span>วรรณกรรม</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&section=3" title="แก้ไขส่วน: วรรณกรรม"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ภาพรวม"><span id=".E0.B8.A0.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.A1"></span>ภาพรวม</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&section=4" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ภาพรวม"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Allen, James P., <i>The Ancient Egyptian Language: An Historical Study</i>, Cambridge University Press, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-1-107-03246-0" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-1-107-03246-0">978-1-107-03246-0</a> (hardback), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-1-107-66467-8" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-1-107-66467-8">978-1-107-66467-8</a> (paperback).</li> <li>Loprieno, Antonio, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/AncientEgyptian-ALinguisticIntroduction/AncientEgyptian-aLinguisticIntroduction#page/n0/mode/2up">Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction</a></i>, Cambridge University Press, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-521-44384-9" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-521-44384-9">0-521-44384-9</a> (hardback), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-521-44849-2" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-521-44849-2">0-521-44849-2</a> (paperback).</li> <li>Peust, Carsten, <i>Egyptian phonology: An Introduction to the Phonology of a Dead Language</i>, Peust & Gutschmidt, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/3-933043-02-6" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/3-933043-02-6">3-933043-02-6</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diglit.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/peust1999">PDF online</a>).</li> <li>Vergote, Jozef, "Problèmes de la «Nominalbildung» en égyptien", <i>Chronique d'Égypte</i> 51 (1976), pp. 261–285.</li> <li>Vycichl, Werner, <i>La Vocalisation de la Langue Égyptienne</i>, IFAO, Cairo, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9782-7247-0096-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9782-7247-0096-1">9782-7247-0096-1</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ไวยากรณ์"><span id=".E0.B9.84.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.93.E0.B9.8C"></span>ไวยากรณ์</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&section=5" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ไวยากรณ์"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_P._Allen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James P. Allen (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Allen, James P.</a>, <i>Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs</i>, first edition, Cambridge University Press, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-521-65312-6" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-521-65312-6">0-521-65312-6</a> (hardback) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-521-77483-7" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-521-77483-7">0-521-77483-7</a> (paperback).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joris_Borghouts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joris Borghouts (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Borghouts, Joris F.</a>, <i>Egyptian: An Introduction to the Writing and Language of the Middle Kingdom</i>, two vols., Peeters, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-9-042-92294-5" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-9-042-92294-5">978-9-042-92294-5</a> (paperback).</li> <li>Collier, Mark, and Manley, Bill, <i>How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs: A Step-by-Step Guide to Teach Yourself</i>, British Museum Press (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-7141-1910-5" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-7141-1910-5">0-7141-1910-5</a>) and University of California Press (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-520-21597-4" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-520-21597-4">0-520-21597-4</a>), both 1998.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Gardiner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Gardiner (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Gardiner, Sir Alan H.</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyptian_Grammar:_Being_an_Introduction_to_the_Study_of_Hieroglyphs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs</a></i>, Griffith Institute, Oxford, 3rd ed. 1957. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-900416-35-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-900416-35-1">0-900416-35-1</a>.</li> <li>Hoch, James E., <i>Middle Egyptian Grammar</i>, Benben Publications, Mississauga, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-920168-12-4" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-920168-12-4">0-920168-12-4</a>.</li> <li>Selden, Daniel L., <i>Hieroglyphic Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Literature of the Middle Kingdom</i>, University of California Press, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-520-27546-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-520-27546-1">978-0-520-27546-1</a> (hardback).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="พจนานุกรม"><span id=".E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.88.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.B8.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A1"></span>พจนานุกรม</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&section=6" title="แก้ไขส่วน: พจนานุกรม"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Erman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolf Erman (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Erman, Adolf</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Grapow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Grapow (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Grapow, Hermann</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Das_W%C3%B6rterbuch_der_%C3%A4gyptischen_Sprache&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Das Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Das Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache</a></i>, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Berlin, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-3-05-002264-2" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-3-05-002264-2">978-3-05-002264-2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paperback" class="mw-redirect" title="Paperback">paperback</a>), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-3-05-002266-6" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-3-05-002266-6">978-3-05-002266-6</a> (reference vols. 1–5).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_O._Faulkner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond O. Faulkner (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Faulkner, Raymond O.</a>, <i>A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian</i>, Griffith Institute, Oxford, 1962. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-900416-32-7" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-900416-32-7">0-900416-32-7</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hardback&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hardback (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">hardback</a>).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_H._Lesko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonard H. Lesko (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Lesko, Leonard H.</a>, <i>A Dictionary of Late Egyptian</i>, 2nd ed., 2 vols., B. C. Scribe Publications, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Providence,_Rhode_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Providence, Rhode Island (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Providence</a>, 2002 et 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-930548-14-0" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-930548-14-0">0-930548-14-0</a> (vol.1), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-930548-15-9" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-930548-15-9">0-930548-15-9</a> (vol. 2).</li> <li>Shennum, David, <i>English-Egyptian Index of Faulkner's Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian</i>, Undena Publications, 1977. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-89003-054-5" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-89003-054-5">0-89003-054-5</a>.</li> <li>Bonnamy, Yvonne and Sadek, Ashraf-Alexandre, <i>Dictionnaire des hiéroglyphes: Hiéroglyphes-Français</i>, Actes Sud, Arles, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-2-7427-8922-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-2-7427-8922-1">978-2-7427-8922-1</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Vycichl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werner Vycichl (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Vycichl, Werner</a>, <i>Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Copte</i>, Peeters, Leuven, 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/2-8017-0197-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/2-8017-0197-1">2-8017-0197-1</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_de_Vartavan" class="extiw" title="fr:Christian de Vartavan">de Vartavan, Christian</a>, <i>Vocalised Dictionary of Ancient Egyptian</i>, SAIS, London, 2016. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-9954898-1-3" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-9954898-1-3">978-0-9954898-1-3</a>. [Free PDF download: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.academia.edu/24283355/Vocalised_Dictionary_of_Ancient_Egyptian">https://www.academia.edu/24283355/Vocalised_Dictionary_of_Ancient_Egyptian</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="พจนานุกรมออนไลน์"><span id=".E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.88.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.B8.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.99.E0.B9.84.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.99.E0.B9.8C"></span>พจนานุกรมออนไลน์</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&section=7" title="แก้ไขส่วน: พจนานุกรมออนไลน์"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/er/beinlich/beinlich.html"><i>The Beinlich Wordlist</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200713185249/http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/er/beinlich/beinlich.html">เก็บถาวร</a> 2020-07-13 ที่ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน">เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน</a>, an online searchable dictionary of ancient Egyptian words (translations are in German).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aaew.bbaw.de/tla"><i>Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae</i></a>, an online service available from October 2004 which is associated with various German Egyptological projects, including the monumental <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aaew.bbaw.de">Altägyptisches Wörterbuch</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201214101445/http://aaew.bbaw.de/">เก็บถาวร</a> 14 ธันวาคม 2020 ที่ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน">เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน</a> of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Berlin-Brandenburg_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Humanities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rhbarnhart.net/VYGUS_Dictionary_2018.pdf">Mark Vygus Dictionary 2018</a>, a searchable dictionary of ancient Egyptian words, arranged by glyph.</li></ul> <p><b>Important Note:</b> The old grammars and dictionaries of <a href="/w/index.php?title=E._A._Wallis_Budge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. A. Wallis Budge (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">E. A. Wallis Budge</a> have long been considered obsolete by Egyptologists, even though these books are still available for purchase. </p><p>More book information is available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091026142539/http://geocities.com/TimesSquare/Alley/4482/glyphs.html">Glyphs and Grammars</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"><span id=".E0.B9.81.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.A5.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.82.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B9.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B7.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.99"></span>แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&section=8" title="แก้ไขส่วน: แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10827797">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9259874">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{list-style:none;padding-left:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">วิกิพจนานุกรม มีความหมายของคำว่า <i><b><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_Egyptian" class="extiw" title="wikt:Category:English terms derived from Egyptian">Category:English terms derived from Egyptian</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10827797"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9259874"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8B" title="วิกิซอร์ซ">วิกิซอร์ซ</a> มีงานต้นฉบับเกี่ยวกับ: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://th.wikisource.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian" class="extiw" title="s:Ancient Egyptian">Ancient Egyptian</a></b> </div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aaew.bbaw.de/tla/">Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae: Dictionary of the Egyptian language</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.univie.ac.at/helmut.satzinger/Texte/EgnSem01.pdf">The Egyptian connection: Egyptian and the Semitic languages</a> by Helmut Satzinger</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikis.hu-berlin.de/interlinear_glossing/Ancient_Egyptian:Glossing_of_common_Earlier_Egyptian_forms">Ancient Egyptian in the wiki <i>Glossing Ancient Languages</i></a> (recommendations for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interlinear_gloss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interlinear gloss (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Interlinear Morphemic Glossing</a> of Ancient Egyptian texts)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10552737">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10791470">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11619334">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="วิธีใช้:การควบคุมรายการหลักฐาน">ฐานข้อมูลการควบคุมรายการหลักฐาน</a>: ประจำชาติ <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50868#identifiers" title="แก้ไขสิ่งนี้ที่วิกิสนเทศ"><img alt="แก้ไขสิ่งนี้ที่วิกิสนเทศ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11935369g">ฝรั่งเศส</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11935369g">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4120107-3">เยอรมนี</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007533407005171">อิสราเอล</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85041339">สหรัฐ</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00562074">ญี่ปุ่น</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="egyptština"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph135295&CON_LNG=ENG">เช็กเกีย</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">เข้าถึงจาก "<a dir="ltr" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ภาษาอียิปต์&oldid=11902098">https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ภาษาอียิปต์&oldid=11902098</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88" title="พิเศษ:หมวดหมู่">หมวดหมู่</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93" title="หมวดหมู่:ภาษาอียิปต์โบราณ">ภาษาอียิปต์โบราณ</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="หมวดหมู่:ภาษาสูญหาย (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ภาษาสูญหาย</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">หมวดหมู่ที่ซ่อนอยู่: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:Pages_using_the_WikiHiero_extension" title="หมวดหมู่:Pages using the WikiHiero extension">Pages using the WikiHiero extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="หมวดหมู่:หน้าที่มีข้อผิดพลาดการอ้างอิง">หน้าที่มีข้อผิดพลาดการอ้างอิง</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA_ISO_639-2" title="หมวดหมู่:ภาษาที่มีรหัส ISO 639-2">ภาษาที่มีรหัส ISO 639-2</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาอียิปต์โบราณ">บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาอียิปต์โบราณ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาคอปติก">บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาคอปติก</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="หมวดหมู่:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8_BNF" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีตัวระบุ BNF">บทความที่มีตัวระบุ BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8_BNFdata" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีตัวระบุ BNFdata">บทความที่มีตัวระบุ BNFdata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8_GND" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีตัวระบุ GND">บทความที่มีตัวระบุ GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8_J9U" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีตัวระบุ J9U">บทความที่มีตัวระบุ J9U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8_LCCN" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีตัวระบุ LCCN">บทความที่มีตัวระบุ LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8_NDL" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีตัวระบุ NDL">บทความที่มีตัวระบุ NDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8_NKC" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีตัวระบุ NKC">บทความที่มีตัวระบุ NKC</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> หน้านี้แก้ไขล่าสุดเมื่อวันที่ 8 พฤศจิกายน 2567 เวลา 02:38 น.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><div>อนุญาตให้เผยแพร่ภายใต้<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">สัญญาอนุญาตครีเอทีฟคอมมอนส์ แบบแสดงที่มา-อนุญาตแบบเดียวกัน</a> และอาจมีเงื่อนไขเพิ่มเติม ดูรายละเอียดที่ <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/th">ข้อกำหนดการใช้งาน</a><br /> Wikipedia® เป็นเครื่องหมายการค้าจดทะเบียนของ<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org">มูลนิธิวิกิมีเดีย</a> องค์กรไม่แสวงผลกำไร</div> <div class="noprint"><br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="วิกิพีเดีย:ติดต่อ">ติดต่อเรา</a></div></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">นโยบายความเป็นส่วนตัว</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A">เกี่ยวกับวิกิพีเดีย</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A">ข้อปฏิเสธความรับผิดชอบ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">จรรยาบรรณ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">ผู้พัฒนา</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/th.wikipedia.org">สถิติ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">นโยบายการใช้คุกกี้</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//th.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">มุมมองสำหรับอุปกรณ์เคลื่อนที่</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-6cb65f6cd-vhmf5","wgBackendResponseTime":156,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.735","walltime":"0.975","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7394,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":77025,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":14477,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":71748,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 830.154 1 -total"," 22.34% 185.483 2 แม่แบบ:Langx"," 20.27% 168.241 1 แม่แบบ:รายการอ้างอิง"," 18.25% 151.536 24 แม่แบบ:ISBN"," 17.14% 142.252 1 แม่แบบ:Authority_control"," 11.62% 96.496 1 แม่แบบ:Infobox_language"," 10.47% 86.947 24 แม่แบบ:Catalog_lookup_link"," 8.62% 71.540 1 แม่แบบ:Infobox"," 8.00% 66.453 1 แม่แบบ:Cite_web"," 5.60% 46.451 6 แม่แบบ:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.477","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21369239,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAllen2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllen2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCallender1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoprieno1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSatzinger2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVycichl1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVycichl1990\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Center\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 2,\n [\"Extinct\"] = 2,\n [\"Harvcoltxt\"] = 5,\n [\"IPA-all\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 24,\n [\"ISO 639-2\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox language\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 2,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n [\"Wikisource\"] = 1,\n [\"Wiktionary\"] = 1,\n [\"รายการอ้างอิง\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-85fc59d95f-pmthj","timestamp":"20241114031933","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e22\u0e34\u0e1b\u0e15\u0e4c","url":"https:\/\/th.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q50868","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q50868","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e23\u0e48\u0e27\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e27\u0e34\u0e01\u0e34\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2019-08-04T12:24:25Z","dateModified":"2024-11-07T19:38:45Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/3d\/G._Ebers_%28ed.%29%2C_Papyros_Ebers%2C_1875_Wellcome_L0016592.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>