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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Événements</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Événements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naissances_en_1238" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naissances_en_1238"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Naissances en 1238</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naissances_en_1238-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Décès_en_1238" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Décès_en_1238"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Décès en 1238</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Décès_en_1238-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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</nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1238</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 135 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-135" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">135 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – abkhaze" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1238 እ.ኤ.አ. – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1238 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B3%DB%B8_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۲۳۸ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۲۳۸ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%AE" title="১২৩৮ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১২৩৮" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%AE" title="মারি ১২৩৮ – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১২৩৮" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238." title="1238. – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1238." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1238 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1238 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A2%D9%A3%D9%A8" title="١٢٣٨ – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٢٣٨" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – tatar de Crimée" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatar de Crimée" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – kachoube" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kachoube" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B3%DB%B8_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۲۳۸ (میلادی) – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۲۳۸ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238%E5%B9%B4" title="1238年 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1238年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AE" title="१२३८ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१२३८" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238." title="1238. – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1238." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238_(almanak_jilyen)" title="1238 (almanak jilyen) – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1238 (almanak jilyen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238%E5%B9%B4" title="1238年 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1238年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1238 жыл – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1238 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238%EB%85%84" title="1238년 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1238년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238_m." title="1238 m. – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1238 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238._gads" title="1238. gads – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1238. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – mokcha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AE" title="इ.स. १२३८ – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १२३८" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238_%D0%B8" title="1238 и – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1238 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%82%E1%81%83%E1%81%88" title="၁၂၃၈ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၂၃၈" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B3%DB%B8" title="۱۲۳۸ – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۲۳۸" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – napolitain" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AE" title="सन् १२३८ – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १२३८" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – sotho du Nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%A8%E0%AD%A9%E0%AD%AE" title="୧୨୩୮ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୨୩୮" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1238-æм аз – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1238-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AE" title="१२३८ – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१२३८" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1238 год – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1238 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AE" title="१२३८ – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१२३८" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238%D8%B9" title="1238ع – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1238ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – same d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="same d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1238" title="Соли 1238 – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1238" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._1781" title="พ.ศ. 1781 – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 1781" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1238 ел – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1238 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238%D8%A1" title="1238ء – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1238ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238%E5%B9%B4" title="1238年 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1238年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238" title="1238 – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1238" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238%E5%B9%B4" title="1238年 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1238年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238_n%C3%AE" title="1238 nî – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1238 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1238%E5%B9%B4" title="1238年 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1238年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5433#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1238"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1238&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1238&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li 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id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1238"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=1238"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=1238&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1238&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/1238" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5433" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Redirection" title="Aide:Redirection"><img alt="Page d’aide sur les redirections" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Arrows-move.svg/20px-Arrows-move.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Arrows-move.svg/30px-Arrows-move.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Arrows-move.svg/40px-Arrows-move.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="88" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Cette page concerne l'année <b>1238</b> du <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a>. Pour l'année 1238 av. J.-C., voir <a href="/wiki/1238_av._J.-C." class="mw-redirect" title="1238 av. J.-C.">1238 av. J.-C.</a> </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:21em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #C0D1E2;"> <div><small>Chronologies</small></div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Kozelsk_siege.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Kozelsk_siege.JPG/220px-Kozelsk_siege.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Kozelsk_siege.JPG/330px-Kozelsk_siege.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Kozelsk_siege.JPG/440px-Kozelsk_siege.JPG 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="701" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend">Invasion mongole de la Russie : siège de <a href="/wiki/Kozelsk" title="Kozelsk">Kozelsk</a> au printemps.</div><table><caption class="hidden" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1235" title="1235">1235</a> <a href="/wiki/1236" title="1236">1236</a> <a href="/wiki/1237" title="1237">1237</a> <b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1238</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/1239" title="1239">1239</a> <a href="/wiki/1240" title="1240">1240</a> <a href="/wiki/1241" title="1241">1241</a><br /><small><b>Décennies :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1200" title="Années 1200">1200</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1210" title="Années 1210">1210</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1220" title="Années 1220">1220</a> <b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1230" title="Années 1230">1230</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1240" title="Années 1240">1240</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1250" title="Années 1250">1250</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1260" title="Années 1260">1260</a><br /><small><b>Siècles :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/XIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIe siècle">XI<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIIe siècle">XII<sup>e</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/XIIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIIIe siècle">XIII<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/XIVe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIVe siècle">XIV<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XVe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVe siècle">XV<sup>e</sup></a><br /><small><b>Millénaires :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="Ier millénaire av. J.-C.">-I<sup>er</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire" title="Ier millénaire">I<sup>er</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIe millénaire">II<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/IIIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIIe millénaire">III<sup>e</sup></a> </td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_chronologies_th%C3%A9matiques" title="Liste des chronologies thématiques">Chronologies thématiques</a></caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1238_en_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1238 en religion (page inexistante)">Religion</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><small>(,)</small> et * <a href="/wiki/1238_dans_les_croisades" title="1238 dans les croisades">Croisades</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div><div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color: #FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:2.5em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1238_en_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1238 en science (page inexistante)">Science</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; background-color:none !important;background:none !important;; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <p><small>()</small> et <a href="/wiki/1238_en_sant%C3%A9_et_m%C3%A9decine" title="1238 en santé et médecine">Santé et médecine</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorisme_avant_1946" title="Terrorisme avant 1946">Terrorisme</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Calendriers</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_romain" title="Calendrier romain">Romain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_chinois" title="Calendrier chinois">Chinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien" title="Calendrier grégorien">Grégorien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">Julien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9bra%C3%AFque" title="Calendrier hébraïque">Hébraïque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_hindou" title="Calendrier hindou">Hindou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9girien" title="Calendrier hégirien">Hégirien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_persan" title="Calendrier persan">Persan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_r%C3%A9publicain" title="Calendrier républicain">Républicain</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#CEE0F2;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1238&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Ann%C3%A9es" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p>L'année <b>1238</b> est une <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune" title="Année commune">année commune</a> qui <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune_commen%C3%A7ant_un_vendredi" title="Année commune commençant un vendredi">commence un vendredi</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Événements"><span id=".C3.89v.C3.A9nements"></span>Événements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1238&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Événements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1238&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Événements"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8_mars" title="8 mars">8 mars</a> : <a href="/wiki/Al-Adil_II_Sayf_ad-Din" title="Al-Adil II Sayf ad-Din">Al-Adil II</a> succède à son père <a href="/wiki/Al-Kamel" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kamel">Al-Kamel</a> sur le sultanat <a href="/wiki/Ayyoubides" title="Ayyoubides">ayyoubide</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'anarchie s'installe dans le royaume. Son frère <a href="/wiki/Malik_al-Salih_Ayyoub" title="Malik al-Salih Ayyoub">As-Salih Ayyub</a>, gouverneur de <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9sopotamie" title="Mésopotamie">Mésopotamie</a>, la défend contre les <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> avec l'aide des <a href="/wiki/Korasmiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Korasmiens">Korasmiens</a>. Il prend le pouvoir à <a href="/wiki/Damas" title="Damas">Damas</a> au début de l’année suivante mais est déposé en <time class="nowrap" datetime="1239-09" data-sort-value="1239-09">septembre 1239</time> par <a href="/wiki/Al-Salih_Isma%C3%ABl" title="Al-Salih Ismaël">Al-Salih Ismaël</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li>Constitution d'un <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Sukhotha%C3%AF" title="Royaume de Sukhothaï">royaume</a> thaï à <a href="/wiki/Sukhotha%C3%AF" title="Sukhothaï">Sukhothaï</a> en <a href="/wiki/Tha%C3%AFlande" title="Thaïlande">Thaïlande</a> par le roi <a href="/wiki/Po-khun_Sri-Indrathit" class="mw-redirect" title="Po-khun Sri-Indrathit">Sri-Indrathit</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Début du règne de Narasimhadeva <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr>, roi de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dynastie_des_Ganga_de_l%27Est&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dynastie des Ganga de l'Est (page inexistante)">dynastie Ganga</a>, dans l'<a href="/wiki/Orissa" class="mw-redirect" title="Orissa">Orissa</a> (fin en <a href="/wiki/1264" title="1264">1264</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Révolte contre l’impôt conduite par l’artisan Mahmoud Tarabi de Maverannahr. Les Mongols du <a href="/wiki/Khanat_de_Djaghata%C3%AF" title="Khanat de Djaghataï">khanat de Djaghataï</a> sont chassés de <a href="/wiki/Boukhara" title="Boukhara">Boukhara</a>. La contre-attaque mongole est battue par les révoltés, mais le soulèvement finit par être réprimé<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1238&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Europe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1238&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Europe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janvier" title="Janvier">Janvier</a> : début de l'occupation mongole de la <a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">Russie</a> avec la prise de <a href="/wiki/Moscou" title="Moscou">Moscou</a> (jusqu'en <a href="/wiki/1242" title="1242">1242</a>). <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berk%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Berké">Berké</a> établit définitivement l’ordre dans les steppes <a href="/wiki/Coumans" title="Coumans">Coumans</a> en poussant la domination mongole au-delà de la <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscou" title="Moscou">Moscou</a> est ravagée par les <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_(Russie)" title="Vladimir (Russie)">Vladimir</a> est menacée. Le grand-prince de <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_(Russie)" title="Vladimir (Russie)">Vladimir</a>-<a href="/wiki/Souzdal" title="Souzdal">Souzdal</a> <a href="/wiki/Iouri_II_Vladimirski" class="mw-redirect" title="Iouri II Vladimirski">Georges II</a> (Youri Vsevolodovitch) se retire vers le nord-est, au-delà de la <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a>, mais laisse la plus grande partie de la garnison dans la ville<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_f%C3%A9vrier" title="2 février">2</a> - <a href="/wiki/7_f%C3%A9vrier" title="7 février">7 février</a> : les <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> prennent <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_(Russie)" title="Vladimir (Russie)">Vladimir</a> et massacrent la population<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_f%C3%A9vrier" title="8 février">8 février</a> : les <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> occupent <a href="/wiki/Souzdal" title="Souzdal">Souzdal</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_mars" title="4 mars">4 mars</a> : <a href="/wiki/Iouri_II_Vladimirski" class="mw-redirect" title="Iouri II Vladimirski">Georges II</a> est vaincu et tué sur la rivière Sit par les Mongols<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Batu" title="Batu">Batu</a> marche le lendemain sur <a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a> et <a href="/wiki/Torjok" title="Torjok">Torjok</a>, qu’il assiège. <a href="/wiki/Iaroslav_II_Vladimirski" class="mw-redirect" title="Iaroslav II Vladimirski">Iaroslav II Vladimirski</a>, fils de <a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_III_Vladimirski" title="Vsevolod III Vladimirski">Vsevolod</a>, devient prince de <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_(Russie)" title="Vladimir (Russie)">Vladimir</a> à la mort de son frère.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_mars" title="19 mars">19 mars</a> : <a href="/wiki/Henri_II_le_Pieux" title="Henri II le Pieux">Henri II le Pieux</a> succède à son père <a href="/wiki/Henri_Ier_le_Barbu" title="Henri Ier le Barbu">Henri <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> le Barbu</a> et devient <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_souverains_de_Pologne" title="Liste des souverains de Pologne">duc de Cracovie</a>, duc de <a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%A9sie" title="Silésie">Silésie</a> et duc de <a href="/wiki/Grande-Pologne" title="Grande-Pologne">Grande-Pologne</a> (fin en <a href="/wiki/1241" title="1241">1241</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printemps" title="Printemps">Printemps</a> : <a href="/wiki/Novgorod" title="Novgorod">Novgorod</a> est sauvée des Mongols par le dégel qui empêche la cavalerie de manœuvrer dans les bourbiers. Batu met le siège devant <a href="/wiki/Kozelsk" title="Kozelsk">Kozelsk</a> qui résiste sept semaines, puis sa population est massacrée<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Batu retourne ensuite vers le sud où le khan <a href="/wiki/Coumans" title="Coumans">Coumans</a> Kotian est vaincu à nouveau. Avec quarante mille <a href="/wiki/Coumans" title="Coumans">Coumans</a>, il se présente aux frontières orientales de la <a href="/wiki/Hongrie" title="Hongrie">Hongrie</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le roi <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_IV_de_Hongrie" class="mw-redirect" title="Béla IV de Hongrie">Béla IV</a> accepte de les accueillir et les établit dans la zone marécageuse entre la <a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>. Il espère ainsi avoir à sa disposition des troupes contre l’oligarchie nobiliaire.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_avril" title="22 avril">22 avril</a> : début du <a href="/wiki/Conqu%C3%AAte_du_royaume_de_Valence" title="Conquête du royaume de Valence">siège de Valence</a> en Espagne<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_mai" title="15 mai">15 mai</a> : prise de <a href="/wiki/Grenade_(Espagne)" title="Grenade (Espagne)">Grenade</a> par <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_ben_Nazar" title="Mohammed ben Nazar">Mohammed ben Nazar</a>, fondateur de la dynastie <a href="/wiki/Nasrides" title="Nasrides">nasride</a>. Il choisit la ville comme siège du gouvernement et commence la construction du palais de l'<a href="/wiki/Alhambra_(Grenade)" title="Alhambra (Grenade)">Alhambra</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/21_ao%C3%BBt" title="21 août">21 août</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : <a href="/wiki/Bataille_d%27%C3%96rlygssta%C3%B0ir" title="Bataille d'Örlygsstaðir">bataille d'Örlygsstaðir</a>, lutte de clans en <a href="/wiki/Islande" title="Islande">Islande</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Entrada_de_Jaume_I_a_Val%C3%A8ncia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Entrada_de_Jaume_I_a_Val%C3%A8ncia.jpg/220px-Entrada_de_Jaume_I_a_Val%C3%A8ncia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Entrada_de_Jaume_I_a_Val%C3%A8ncia.jpg/330px-Entrada_de_Jaume_I_a_Val%C3%A8ncia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Entrada_de_Jaume_I_a_Val%C3%A8ncia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="255" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/9_octobre" title="9 octobre">9 octobre</a> : entrée de <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ier_d%27Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Ier d'Aragon">Jacques <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> d'Aragon</a> à <a href="/wiki/Valence_(Espagne)" title="Valence (Espagne)">Valence</a> </figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/28_septembre" title="28 septembre">28 septembre</a> (ou <a href="/wiki/9_octobre" title="9 octobre">9 octobre</a>, selon les traditions) : <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ier_d%27Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Ier d'Aragon">Jacques <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> d'Aragon</a> reprend <a href="/wiki/Valence_(Espagne)" title="Valence (Espagne)">Valence</a> aux <a href="/wiki/Maures" title="Maures">Maures</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Sagonte" title="Château de Sagonte">château de Sagonte</a> est également pris et incorporé au <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Valence" title="Royaume de Valence">royaume de Valence</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les musulmans ne tiennent plus que le <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Grenade" title="Royaume de Grenade">royaume</a> <a href="/wiki/Nasrides" title="Nasrides">nasride</a> de Grenade (fin en <a href="/wiki/1492" title="1492">1492</a>). Rédaction du <a href="/wiki/Llibre_del_Repartiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Llibre del Repartiment">Llibre del Repartiment</a>, répartissant les terres conquises.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octobre" title="Octobre">Octobre</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : <a href="/wiki/Enzio" title="Enzio">Enzio</a>, fils naturel de l'empereur <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_II_du_Saint-Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Frédéric II du Saint-Empire">Frédéric II</a> épouse Adelasie, héritière des <a href="/wiki/Judicat" title="Judicat">judicats</a> de <a href="/wiki/Logudoro" title="Logudoro">Logudoro</a> et de <a href="/wiki/Gallura" title="Gallura">Gallura</a> et devient <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_rois_de_Sardaigne" title="Liste des rois de Sardaigne">roi de Sardaigne</a>, qui était alors fief du pape (fin en <a href="/wiki/1249" title="1249">1249</a>).</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li>Charte municipale octroyée à <a href="/wiki/Trnava" title="Trnava">Trnava</a>, la plus ancienne connue en <a href="/wiki/Slovaquie" title="Slovaquie">Slovaquie</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>La <a href="/wiki/Galicie" title="Galicie">Galicie</a> passe sous l’autorité de <a href="/wiki/Daniel_de_Galicie" title="Daniel de Galicie">Daniel de Volhynie</a> après sa victoire sur l'<a href="/wiki/Ordre_de_Dobrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordre de Dobrin">Ordre de Dobrin</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Les Allemands occupent <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Dantzig</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Pour la première fois dans l'Occident chrétien, une <a href="/wiki/Dissection" title="Dissection">dissection</a> de cadavre humain est autorisée par l'empereur germanique <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_II_du_Saint-Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Frédéric II du Saint-Empire">Frédéric II</a> à l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_de_m%C3%A9decine_de_Salerne" title="École de médecine de Salerne">école de Salerne</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naissances_en_1238"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Naissance_en_1238" title="Catégorie:Naissance en 1238">Naissances en 1238</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1238&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Naissances en 1238" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1238&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Naissances en 1238"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Naissance_en_1238" title="Naissance en 1238">Naissance en 1238</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Décès_en_1238"><span id="D.C3.A9c.C3.A8s_en_1238"></span><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1238" title="Catégorie:Décès en 1238">Décès en 1238</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1238&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Décès en 1238" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1238&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Décès en 1238"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1238" title="Décès en 1238">Décès en 1238</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1238&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1238&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:36em; column-count:2;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>Histoire des croisades et du royaume franc de Jérusalem</i>, par René Grousset Publié par Plon, 1948</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=yWttAAAAMAAJ&q=%22+9+janvier-6+f%C3%A9vrier+1239%22&pgis=1#search_anchor"><i>Chronique des Ayyoubides</i>, par Jirjis ibn al-ʻAmīd Makīn Collaborateur Anne-Marie Eddé, Françoise Micheau Publié par Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, 1994</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=pC7uWTxZSXkC&pg=PA16"><i>Thaïlande</i>, par Hervé Beaumont Publié par Éditions Marcus, 2008</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7131-0256-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7131-0256-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7131-0256-1</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=90_qAeMT1bwC&pg=PA4"><i>Palm Leaf Etchings of Orissa</i> par Durga Prasad Patnaik Publié par Abhinav Publications, 1989</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-81-7017-248-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-81-7017-248-2"><span class="nowrap">978-81-7017-248-2</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=lodSckjlNuMC&pg=PA266"><i>History of Civilizations of Central Asia</i>, par Vadim Mikhaĭlovich Masson, Ahmad Hasan Dani, Unesco, János Harmatta, Boris Abramovich Litvinovskiĭ, Clifford Edmund Bosworth Publié par Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1999</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-81-208-1595-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-81-208-1595-7"><span class="nowrap">978-81-208-1595-7</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=uTlwAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1"><i>Histoire de la Mongolie</i>, par László Lőrincz Publié par Akadémiai Kiadó, 1984</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-963-05-3381-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-963-05-3381-2"><span class="nowrap">978-963-05-3381-2</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=AzsVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA321"><i>La Pologne historique, littéraire, monumentale et pittoresque</i>, par Léonard Chodzko, 1837</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=5C0JAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA115"><i> Histoire des Mongols</i>, par Constantin d'Ohsson Publié par F. Muller, 1852</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=sZ0BAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA697"><i>L'empire des Tsars</i>, par Johann Heinrich Schnitzler, 1862</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=-ag1AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA48"><i>L'art de vérifier les dates…</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=uKgKAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA40"><i>La Russie moderne</i>, par Just-Jean-Etienne Roy Publié par M. Ardant frères, 1856</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=a4p9C6J35XYC&pg=PA168"><i>Genghis Khan : Conqueror of the World</i>, par Leo de Hartog Publié par Tauris Parke Paperbacks, 2004</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-86064-972-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-86064-972-1"><span class="nowrap">978-1-86064-972-1</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=46K5bQoEF7MC&pg=PA77"><i>Guía de Recorridos Históricos de Valencia</i>, par Fernando Sanz Ruiz, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia Publié par Ed. Univ. Politéc. Valencia, 2006</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-84-7721-159-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-84-7721-159-4"><span class="nowrap">978-84-7721-159-4</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=HKw2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA344"><i>Histoire d'Espagne depuis les premiers temps jusqu'à nos jours</i>, par Charles Romey Publié par Furne et cie, 1858</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?client=firefox-a&id=5dsFAAAAQAAJ&q=%2221.+August+1238%22&pgis=1#search_anchor"><i>Diplomatarium islandicum</i>, par Jón Sigurðsson, Jón Þorkelsson, Íslenska bókmenntafélag, 1876</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=PycsUpxrBRkC&pg=PA256"><i>La matière du Nord : sagas légendaires et fiction dans la littérature islandaise en prose du <abbr class="abbr" title="13ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</i>, par Torfi H. Tulinius Publié par Presses Paris Sorbonne, 1995</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-84050-038-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-84050-038-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-84050-038-4</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=qG8IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA388"><i>Études sur la maison de Barcelone. Jacme <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> le conquérant, roi d'Aragon</i>, par Charles Jean M. Tourtoulon, 1863</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Baixauli_i_Bach2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Vicent_Baixauli_i_Bach2013"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : catalan">(ca)</abbr> Vicent Baixauli i Bach, <cite class="italique" lang="ca">Alberg per a estudiosos i viatgers al Castell de Sagunt</cite>, Valence, Escola Tècnica Superior d’Arquitectura de València, <time>2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://riunet.upv.es/bitstream/handle/10251/46426/Memoria.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alberg+per+a+estudiosos+i+viatgers+al+Castell+de+Sagunt&rft.place=Valence&rft.pub=Escola+T%C3%A8cnica+Superior+d%E2%80%99Arquitectura+de+Val%C3%A8ncia&rft.au=Vicent+Baixauli+i+Bach&rft.date=2013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1238"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Meyerson2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mark_D._Meyerson2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Mark D. Meyerson, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Jews in an Iberian Frontier Kingdom : Society, Economy, and Politics in Morvedre, 1248–1391</cite>, Leiden, Brill, <time>2004</time>, 303 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/90-04-13739-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/90-04-13739-4"><span class="nowrap">90-04-13739-4</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/fr/title/803887472">803887472</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tNMVk5dJaJYC&printsec=frontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jews+in+an+Iberian+Frontier+Kingdom&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.stitle=Society%2C+Economy%2C+and+Politics+in+Morvedre%2C+1248%E2%80%931391&rft.aulast=Meyerson&rft.aufirst=Mark+D.&rft.date=2004&rft.tpages=303&rft.isbn=90-04-13739-4&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F803887472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1238"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=t8dWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR206">books.google.fr</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=vEJNBqanT_8C&printsec=frontcover#PPA112,M1"><i>The Realm of St Stephen</i>, par Pal Engel, Tamas Palosfalvi, Andrew Ayton</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=qtgotOF0MKQC&pg=PA407"><i>Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages</i>, par Andre Vauchez, Richard Barrie Dobson, Adrian Walford, Michael Lapidge Traduit par Adrian Walford Publié par Routledge, 2000</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-57958-282-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-57958-282-1"><span class="nowrap">978-1-57958-282-1</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=wN8OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA41"><i>The World Encompassed: The First European Maritime Empires C.800-1650</i>, par Geoffrey Vaughan Scammell Publié par Taylor & Francis, 1981</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-416-76280-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-416-76280-8"><span class="nowrap">978-0-416-76280-8</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=aaklGZAID08C&pg=PA73"><i>Encyclopedia of Jewish Medical Ethics</i>, par Avraham Steinberg, Fred Rosner Collaborateur Fred Rosner Publié par Feldheim Publishers, 2003</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-58330-592-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-58330-592-8"><span class="nowrap">978-1-58330-592-8</span></a>)</small></span> </li> </ol> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1238&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1238&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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