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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-기원" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#기원"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>기원</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-기원-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-튀르크제족" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#튀르크제족"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>튀르크제족</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-튀르크제족-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-튀르크_민족_국가" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#튀르크_민족_국가"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>튀르크 민족 국가</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-튀르크_민족_국가-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-러시아_자치_공화국" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#러시아_자치_공화국"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>러시아 자치 공화국</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-러시아_자치_공화국-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-참고_문헌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#참고_문헌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>참고 문헌</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-참고_문헌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-추가_자료" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#추가_자료"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>추가 자료</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-추가_자료-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">튀르크족</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 90개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkse_volke" title="Turkse volke – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Turkse volke" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblos_turquicos" title="Pueblos turquicos – 아라곤어" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pueblos turquicos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="아라곤어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83" title="ترك – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ترك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83" title="ترك – 이집트 아랍어" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ترك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="이집트 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblos_t%C3%BArquicos" title="Pueblos túrquicos – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pueblos túrquicos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_xalqlar%C4%B1" title="Türk xalqları – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Türk xalqları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="تورک خالقلاری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تورک خالقلاری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Төрки халыҡтар – 바슈키르어" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төрки халыҡтар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="바슈키르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Цюркі – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цюркі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Тюркски народи – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тюркски народи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="তুর্কীয় জাতিসমূহ – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুর্কীয় জাতিসমূহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkijski_narodi" title="Turkijski narodi – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Turkijski narodi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobles_t%C3%BArquics" title="Pobles túrquics – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pobles túrquics" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Туьркаш – 체첸어" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Туьркаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="체첸어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="گەلانی تورک – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گەلانی تورک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkick%C3%A9_n%C3%A1rody" title="Turkické národy – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turkické národy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%80%C4%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Тĕрĕксем – 추바시어" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕрĕксем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="추바시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkiske_folkeslag" title="Tyrkiske folkeslag – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tyrkiske folkeslag" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkv%C3%B6lker" title="Turkvölker – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Turkvölker" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CF%86%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Τουρκικά φύλα – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουρκικά φύλα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Turkic peoples" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjurkaj_popoloj" title="Tjurkaj popoloj – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tjurkaj popoloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblos_t%C3%BArquicos" title="Pueblos túrquicos – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblos túrquicos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgi_rahvad" title="Turgi rahvad – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Turgi rahvad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiar_herriak" title="Turkiar herriak – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turkiar herriak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="مردم ترک – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردم ترک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkkilaiset_kansat" title="Turkkilaiset kansat – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turkkilaiset kansat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peuples_turciques" title="Peuples turciques – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Peuples turciques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkske_folken" title="Turkske folken – 서부 프리지아어" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Turkske folken" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="서부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_halklar%C4%B1" title="Türk halkları – 가가우스어" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Türk halkları" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="가가우스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobos_turcos" title="Pobos turcos – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobos turcos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thu%CC%8Dt-ki%C3%A2-ng%C3%ACn" title="Thu̍t-kiâ-ngìn – 하카어" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thu̍t-kiâ-ngìn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="하카어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="עמים טורקיים – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עמים טורקיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="तुर्क लोग – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तुर्क लोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkijski_narodi" title="Turkijski narodi – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Turkijski narodi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6r%C3%B6k_n%C3%A9pek" title="Török népek – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Török népek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Թյուրքեր – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թյուրքեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_suku_bangsa_Turkik" title="Rumpun suku bangsa Turkik – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumpun suku bangsa Turkik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тюркий – 인귀시어" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Тюркий" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="인귀시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turka_populi" title="Turka populi – 이도어" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Turka populi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="이도어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popolazioni_turche" title="Popolazioni turche – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Popolazioni turche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E7%B3%BB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="テュルク系民族 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テュルク系民族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wong_Turk" title="Wong Turk – 자바어" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wong Turk" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="자바어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="თურქულენოვანი ხალხები – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თურქულენოვანი ხალხები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Түркілер – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Түркілер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Тюркле – 카라챠이-발카르어" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Тюркле" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="카라챠이-발카르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel%C3%AAn_tirk%C3%AE" title="Gelên tirkî – 쿠르드어" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gelên tirkî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%BA_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Туьрк халкьар – 레즈기안어" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Туьрк халкьар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="레즈기안어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiurkai" title="Tiurkai – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tiurkai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjurki" title="Tjurki – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tjurki" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torkika_(vahoaka)" title="Torkika (vahoaka) – 말라가시어" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Torkika (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="말라가시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangso_turk" title="Bangso turk – 미낭카바우어" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bangso turk" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="미낭카바우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Туркиски народи – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Туркиски народи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4" title="തുർക്കി ജനത – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുർക്കി ജനത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Түрэг – 몽골어" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Түрэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="몽골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkse_volkeren" title="Turkse volkeren – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turkse volkeren" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkiske_folk" title="Tyrkiske folk – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tyrkiske folk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkere" title="Tyrkere – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tyrkere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95" title="ਤੁਰਕ ਲੋਕ – 펀잡어" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੁਰਕ ਲੋਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="펀잡어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludy_tureckie" title="Ludy tureckie – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ludy tureckie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="ترک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ترک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%8A_%D8%AE%D9%84%DA%A9_(%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="ترکي خلک (ترکان) – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ترکي خلک (ترکان)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povos_turcos" title="Povos turcos – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Povos turcos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popor_turcic" title="Popor turcic – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Popor turcic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Тюрки – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тюрки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80_%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Түүр омуктар – 야쿠트어" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Түүр омуктар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="야쿠트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkijski_narodi" title="Turkijski narodi – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turkijski narodi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Turkic peoples" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkick%C3%A9_n%C3%A1rody" title="Turkické národy – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Turkické národy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur%C5%A1ka_ljudstva" title="Turška ljudstva – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Turška ljudstva" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Туркијски народи – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Туркијски народи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkfolk" title="Turkfolk – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turkfolk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mataifa_ya_Kiturki" title="Mataifa ya Kiturki – 스와힐리어" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mataifa ya Kiturki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="스와힐리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81" title="துருக்கிய மக்கள் குழு – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துருக்கிய மக்கள் குழு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Туркҳо – 타지크어" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Туркҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="타지크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="กลุ่มชนเตอร์กิก – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลุ่มชนเตอร์กิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrki_halklary" title="Türki halklary – 투르크멘어" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Türki halklary" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="투르크멘어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_halklar%C4%B1" title="Türk halkları – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Türk halkları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Төрки халыклар – 타타르어" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төрки халыклар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Түрк – 투비니안어" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Түрк" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="투비니안어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%88%D8%B1%D9%83" title="تۈرك – 위구르어" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تۈرك" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="위구르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Тюрки – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тюрки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="ترک – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ترک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiy_xalqlar" title="Turkiy xalqlar – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turkiy xalqlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1c_d%C3%A2n_t%E1%BB%99c_Turk" title="Các dân tộc Turk – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Các dân tộc Turk" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AF%AD%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="突厥语民族 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="突厥语民族" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="თურქულნინამი კათეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თურქულნინამი კათეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4" title="突厥語族群 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="突厥語族群" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk_l%C3%A2ng" title="Turk lâng – 민난어" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Turk lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="민난어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E4%BA%BA" title="突厥人 – 광둥어" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="突厥人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="광둥어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q83328#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="언어 간 링크 편집" class="wbc-editpage">링크 편집</a></span></div> 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">보이기</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%88%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="투르크">투르크</a>에서 넘어옴)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:300px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> <div style="background:#b0c4de; position:relative; width:100%; height:50px; display:table;"><div style="position:absolute; bottom:0px; right:0;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Picto_infobox_character.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><span style="position:relative; width:100%; display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; padding:4px;"><big><big><b>튀르크족</b></big></big></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Turkic_Languages_distribution_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Turkic_Languages_distribution_map.png/300px-Turkic_Languages_distribution_map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Turkic_Languages_distribution_map.png/450px-Turkic_Languages_distribution_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Turkic_Languages_distribution_map.png/600px-Turkic_Languages_distribution_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1572" data-file-height="881" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#b0c4de"><b>총인구</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">약 1억 4,000만 ~ 1억 6,000만 명 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#b0c4de"><b>인구분포</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="튀르키예"><img alt="튀르키예" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88" title="튀르키예">튀르키예</a> </span> </th> <td>7,400만 명 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="카자흐스탄"><img alt="카자흐스탄" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9E%90%ED%9D%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="카자흐스탄">카자흐스탄</a> </span> </th> <td>1,640만 명 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="우즈베키스탄"><img alt="우즈베키스탄" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88%EB%B2%A0%ED%82%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="우즈베키스탄">우즈베키스탄</a> </span> </th> <td>2,770만 명 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="아제르바이잔"><img alt="아제르바이잔" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%A0%9C%EB%A5%B4%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%9E%94" title="아제르바이잔">아제르바이잔</a> </span> </th> <td>817만 명 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="키르기스스탄"><img alt="키르기스스탄" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="키르기스스탄">키르기스스탄</a> </span> </th> <td>540만 명 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="투르크메니스탄"><img alt="투르크메니스탄" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A9%94%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="투르크메니스탄">투르크메니스탄</a> </span> </th> <td>510만 명 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Mongolia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="몽골"><img alt="몽골" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8" title="몽골">몽골</a> </span> </th> <td>135,618명 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="중국"><img alt="중국" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD" title="중국">중국</a> </span> </th> <td>1,164만 7000명 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="러시아"><img alt="러시아" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="러시아">러시아</a> </span> </th> <td>1,040만 명 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#b0c4de"><b>지역</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="중앙아시아">중앙아시아</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#b0c4de"><b>언어</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4%ED%8C%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="튀르크어파">튀르크어파</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#b0c4de"><b>종교</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%8C%EA%B5%90" title="이슬람교">이슬람교</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90" title="기독교">기독교</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%8C%80%EA%B5%90" title="유대교">유대교</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%85%A1%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EA%B5%90" class="mw-redirect" title="텡그리교">텡그리교</a> 등 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#b0c4de"><b>민족계통</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><span class="nowrap">기원·발상 </span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%B6%81%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="동북아시아">동북아시아</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>튀르크족</b>(Turk or Türkic People) 또는 <b>투르크족</b>은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="튀르크어족">튀르크어족</a> 계열 언어를 사용하는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD" title="유럽">유럽</a> 일부 지역, <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="서아시아">서아시아</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="중앙아시아">중앙아시아</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="동아시아">동아시아</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%81%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="북아시아">북아시아</a>의 다양한 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1" title="민족">민족</a> 집단이다.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_Definition_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica_Definition-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yunusbayev_Definition_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yunusbayev_Definition-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>역사가와 언어학자에 따르면 튀르크조어는 중앙-동아시아 지역에서 유래했으며,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 잠재적으로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8" title="몽골">몽골</a>이나 <a href="/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%B0%94_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="투바 공화국">투바</a>에서 유래했다.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 처음에 튀르크조어 사용자들은 잠재적으로 수렵채집민이자 농부였으나 나중에는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%AA%A9%EB%AF%BC" title="유목민">유목민</a>이 되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 초기 및 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%9B%84_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="고전후 시대">중세</a> 투르크족 그룹은 부분적으로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80%EC%A1%B1" title="이란족">이란족</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%A1%B1" title="몽골족">몽골족</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%ED%95%98%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8" title="토하라인">토하라인</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%9E%84%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="우랄어족">우랄족</a> 및 예니세이인 등과 같은 이웃 민족과의 장기간 접촉을 통해 동아시아 및 서유라시아의 다양한 신체적 외모와 유전적 기원을 보여주었다.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Golden2018_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golden2018-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>역사를 통틀어 많은 매우 다른 민족 집단이 <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4_%EA%B5%90%EC%B2%B4" title="언어 교체">언어 이동</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94_%EB%B3%80%EC%9A%A9" title="문화 변용">문화 적응</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B5" title="정복">정복</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EC%A2%85%EA%B0%84_%EA%B2%B0%ED%98%BC" title="인종간 결혼">혼합</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%85%EC%96%91" title="입양">입양</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EC%A2%85" title="개종">개종</a>을 통해 튀르크족의 일부가 되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYunusbayev_et_al.2015_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYunusbayev_et_al.2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 그럼에도 불구하고 튀르크족은 문화적 특성, 공통 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90%ED%92%80" title="유전자풀">유전자 풀</a>의 조상 및 역사적 경험과 같은 비언어적 특성을 다양한 정도로 공유한다.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYunusbayev_et_al.2015_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYunusbayev_et_al.2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 가장 주목할만한 현대 튀르크족에는 알타이인, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%A0%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="아제리인">아제리인</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%B6%94%EB%B0%94%EC%8B%9C%EC%9D%B8" title="추바시인">추바시인</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EA%B0%80%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88%EC%9D%B8" title="가가우즈인">가가우즈인</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9E%90%ED%9D%90%EC%9D%B8" title="카자흐인">카자흐인</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%B8" title="키르기스인">키르기스인</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%B8" title="튀르키예인">투르크멘인</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%B8" title="튀르키예인">튀르키예인</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B8" title="투바인">투바인</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EA%B5%AC%EB%A5%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="위구르족">위구르족</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88%EB%B2%A0%ED%81%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="우즈베크인">우즈베크인</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EC%BF%A0%ED%8A%B8%EC%9D%B8" title="야쿠트인">야쿠트인</a>이 포함된다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="기원"><span id=".EA.B8.B0.EC.9B.90"></span>기원</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 기원"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>튀르크족의 기원은 수많은 논란의 주제였다.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYunusbayev_et_al.2015_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYunusbayev_et_al.2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 피터 벤자민 골든은 기후, 지형, 식물, 동물, 사람들의 생존 방식에 대한 튀르크조어 어휘 항목을 나열했고, 시베리아의 알타이-사얀 지역에 투르크조어가 위치해 있다고 제안했다.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="튀르크어족">튀르크어족</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="몽골어족">몽골어족</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%89%81%EA%B5%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="퉁구스어족">퉁구스어족</a>, 특히 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%8B%B0%EB%84%88_%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%B8%A0" title="마르티너 로베이츠">마르티너 로베이츠</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4_%EC%A0%9C%EC%96%B4" title="알타이 제어">트랜스유라시아어족 가설</a>에서 제안된 것과 같은 가상의 고향인 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%8C%EC%A3%BC" title="만주">만주</a>에 대한 튀르크어의 계보학적 연결은 한동안 지지를 받았지만 비판도 받았고, 반대자들은 장기간의 접촉에 유사성을 돌렸다.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 언어학적 및 유전적 증거는 몽골에 튀르크 민족이 초기에 존재했음을 강력하게 시사한다.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanhunen2003_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanhunen2003-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYunusbayev_et_al.2015_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYunusbayev_et_al.2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUchiyamaGillamSavelyevNing2020_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUchiyamaGillamSavelyevNing2020-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 튀르크어 원어민은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%91%A5%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4" title="둥베이">중국 북동부</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%9D%EA%B8%B0_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="신석기 시대">신석기 시대</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B8" title="동아시아인">동아시아</a> 농업 사회와 연결되었을 수 있으며, 이는 현대 튀르크어 사용자들 사이에서 다양한 수준의 동북아시아 유전 기반에 기초하여 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%B1%EB%A3%BD%EC%99%80_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94" title="싱룽와 문화">싱룽와 문화</a> 및 후속 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9B%99%EC%82%B0_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94" title="훙산 문화">훙산 문화</a>와 관련이 있을 것이다.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENelson_et_al.2020_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENelson_et_al.2020-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELi_et_al.2020_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELi_et_al.2020-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUchiyamaGillamSavelyevNing2020_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUchiyamaGillamSavelyevNing2020-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 튀르크조어의 동아시아 기원설은 최근 여러 연구에서 확증되었다. 역사가들에 따르면, "원시 튀르크의 생존 전략에는 궁극적으로 중국 북동부의 기장 농업의 기원으로 거슬러 올라가는 전통인 농업 요소가 포함되었다."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENelson_et_al.2020_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENelson_et_al.2020-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELi_et_al.2020_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELi_et_al.2020-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUchiyamaGillamSavelyevNing2020_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUchiyamaGillamSavelyevNing2020-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 기원전 2,200년경 튀르크 민족의 조상은 아마도 서쪽으로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8" title="몽골">몽골</a>로 이주하여 유목적인 생활 방식을 채택했으며 부분적으로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80%EC%A1%B1" title="이란족">이란 민족</a>에게서 이러한 생활 방식을 차용했다. <a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%89%EB%85%B8" title="흉노">흉노</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%97%B0_(%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC)" title="유연 (나라)">유연</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%A0%EB%B9%84%EC%A1%B1" title="선비족">선비족</a>과 같은 유목 민족이 "동북아시아 유전자 풀에 속하거나 이에 가까운" 유전적 조상을 공유한다는 점을 감안할 때 튀르크조어 사용자들은 동북아시아에서 기원했을 가능성이 높다.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Turkic_origin_and_expansion.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Turkic_origin_and_expansion.png/220px-Turkic_origin_and_expansion.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Turkic_origin_and_expansion.png/330px-Turkic_origin_and_expansion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Turkic_origin_and_expansion.png/440px-Turkic_origin_and_expansion.png 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="855" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transeurasian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transeurasian language (없는 문서)">트랜스유라시아 언어</a> 가설에 따르면 투르크족은 유목 생활 방식을 채택하여 몽골 동부에서 서쪽으로 확장한 것으로 추정된다. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUchiyamaGillamSavelyevNing2020_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUchiyamaGillamSavelyevNing2020-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>2018년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%81%EC%97%BC%EC%83%89%EC%B2%B4" title="상염색체">상염색체</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%9D%BC%EC%97%BC%EA%B8%B0_%EB%8B%A4%ED%98%95%EC%84%B1" title="단일염기 다형성">단일 염기 다형성</a> 연구에 따르면 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9D%BC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84_%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%9D" title="유라시아 스텝">유라시아 대초원</a>은 서부 유라시아 계통의 인도유럽어족과 이란어를 사용하는 집단에서 튀르크어족과 몽골 계통의 동아시아 계통으로 서서히 전환되었음을 시사했다, 몽골에서 튀르크인들의 광범위한 이주와 지역 주민들의 느린 동화를 포함한다.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUchiyamaGillamSavelyevNing2020_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUchiyamaGillamSavelyevNing2020-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>유전학적 자료에 따르면 중앙아시아의 튀르크어를 사용하는 민족들은 이란어를 사용하는 중앙아시아인, 특히 타지크어를 사용하는 민족들과 대조적으로 22%에서 60% 사이의 동아시아계 혈통 (동시베리아인들과 공유하는 "바이칼 수렵채집" 조상에 의해 표본화됨)을 가지고 있으며, 특히 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%A7%80%ED%81%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="타지크인">타지크인</a>은 철기 시대의 인도이란인에 대한 유전적 연속성을 보여준다.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 특정 투르크 민족, 특히 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9E%90%ED%9D%90%EC%A1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="카자흐족">카자흐족</a>은 훨씬 더 높은 동아시아 혈통을 보인다. 이것은 중세 튀르크 <a href="/wiki/%ED%82%B5%EC%B0%A8%ED%81%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="킵차크인">킵차크</a>와 중세 몽골인 사이의 상당한 혼합을 통해 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9E%90%ED%9D%90%EC%9D%B8" title="카자흐인">카자흐</a> 게놈에 대한 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%A1%B1" title="몽골족">몽골족</a>의 상당한 영향으로 설명된다. 데이터는 몽골의 중앙아시아 침공이 카자흐족의 유전적 구성에 지속적인 영향을 미쳤음을 시사한다.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="튀르크제족"><span id=".ED.8A.80.EB.A5.B4.ED.81.AC.EC.A0.9C.EC.A1.B1"></span>튀르크제족</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 튀르크제족"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>원시 튀르크족 : 오늘날 튀르크 제족들의 조상이다.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%89%EB%85%B8%EC%A1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="흉노족">흉노족</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9B%88%EC%A1%B1" title="훈족">훈족</a> : <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="서로마 제국">서로마 제국</a>의 멸망에 기여한 튀르크계 민족이다. 일부 학계에서는 <b>훈(Hun)</b>이 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%89%EB%85%B8%EC%A1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="흉노족">흉노족</a>의 별칭으로 쓰인 적이 있다는 점 때문에 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%89%EB%85%B8%EC%A1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="흉노족">흉노족</a>과 연관짓기도 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EB%82%98%EC%A1%B1" title="후나족">후나족</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%B5%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1" title="괵튀르크족">괵튀르크족</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EA%B5%AC%EB%A5%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="위구르족">위구르족</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%A0%EB%A5%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="철륵">철륵</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9E%90%ED%9D%90%EC%9D%B8" title="카자흐인">카자흐인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%B8" title="키르기스인">키르기스인</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%94%84%ED%83%88%EC%A1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="에프탈족">에프탈족</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%98%A4%EA%B5%AC%EB%A5%B4_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="오구르 튀르크족 (없는 문서)">오구르 튀르크족</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B4%EC%A1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="아바르족">아바르족</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> : <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B4_%EC%B9%B4%EA%B0%84%EA%B5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="아바르 카간국">아바르 카간국</a>을 건설한 민족이다.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9E%90%EB%A5%B4%EC%A1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="하자르족">하자르족</a> : <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9E%90%EB%A5%B4_%EC%B9%B4%EA%B0%84%EA%B5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="하자르 카간국">하자르 카간국</a>을 건설한 민족으로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EC%8A%AC%EB%9D%BC%EB%B8%8C%EC%9D%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="동슬라브인">동슬라브인</a>들의 문화 형성에 영향을 끼쳤으며,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 거의 대부분의 튀르크 제족들이 <a href="/wiki/%ED%85%A1%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EA%B5%90" class="mw-redirect" title="텡그리교">텡그리교</a>나 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="이슬람">이슬람</a>을 숭배한 것과 달리 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%8C%80%EA%B5%90" title="유대교">유대교</a>를 주로 믿었다.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%82%B5%EC%B0%A8%ED%81%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="킵차크인">킵차크족</a> : <a href="/wiki/%ED%82%B5%EC%B0%A8%ED%81%AC_%EC%B9%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="킵차크 칸국">킵차크 칸국</a>의 어원이 된 튀르크계 민족.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%A7%8C%EC%A1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="쿠만족">쿠만족</a>(폴로베츠족)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EA%B5%AC%EC%A6%88_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="오구즈 튀르크족">오구즈 튀르크족</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EC%B2%B4%EB%84%A4%EA%B7%B8%EC%A1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="페체네그족">페체네그족</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%B8" title="튀르키예인">튀르키예인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88%EB%B2%A0%ED%81%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="우즈베크인">우즈베크인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A9%98%EC%9D%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="튀르크멘인">튀르크멘인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%A0%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="아제리인">아제리인</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="타타르인">타타르인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EA%B0%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="노가이인">노가이인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B8" title="투바인">투바인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%9D%BC%EC%A1%B1" title="사라족">사라족</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%8B%9C%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="바시키르인">바시키르인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EC%BF%A0%ED%8A%B8%EC%9D%B8" title="야쿠트인">야쿠트인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%B9%BC%ED%8C%8D%EC%9D%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="카라칼팍인">카라칼팍인</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="튀르크_민족_국가"><span id=".ED.8A.80.EB.A5.B4.ED.81.AC_.EB.AF.BC.EC.A1.B1_.EA.B5.AD.EA.B0.80"></span>튀르크 민족 국가</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 튀르크 민족 국가"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:TurkicLanguages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/TurkicLanguages.png/300px-TurkicLanguages.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/TurkicLanguages.png/450px-TurkicLanguages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/TurkicLanguages.png/600px-TurkicLanguages.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>튀르크어파에 속하는 모어 화자 수.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88" title="튀르키예">튀르키예</a>: 인구 7,400만 명</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9E%90%ED%9D%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="카자흐스탄">카자흐스탄</a>: 인구 1,640만 명</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88%EB%B2%A0%ED%82%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="우즈베키스탄">우즈베키스탄</a>: 인구 2,770만 명</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%A0%9C%EB%A5%B4%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%9E%94" title="아제르바이잔">아제르바이잔</a>: 인구 817만 명</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="키르기스스탄">키르기스스탄</a>: 인구 540만 명</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A9%94%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="투르크메니스탄">투르크메니스탄</a>: 인구 510만 명</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="러시아_자치_공화국"><span id=".EB.9F.AC.EC.8B.9C.EC.95.84_.EC.9E.90.EC.B9.98_.EA.B3.B5.ED.99.94.EA.B5.AD"></span>러시아 자치 공화국</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 러시아 자치 공화국"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="알타이 공화국">알타이 공화국</a> : 러시아 내 공화국 인구 20만 명</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%8A%88%EC%BD%94%EB%A5%B4%ED%86%A0%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" class="mw-redirect" title="바슈코르토스탄">바슈코르토스탄</a> : 러시아 내 공화국 인구 410만 명</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%A1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="타타르족">타타르족</a> : 러시아 내 공화국 인구 380만 명</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%B0%94_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="투바 공화국">투바 공화국</a> : 러시아 내 공화국 인구 30만 명</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BC_%EC%9E%90%EC%B9%98_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="크림 자치 공화국">크림 자치 공화국</a> : 러시아 내 공화국 인구 70만명 (크림 자치 공화국 인구 200만 명 중 약 35% 정도)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%B4%EC%A3%BC" title="튀르크족의 이주">튀르크족의 이주</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8_%EC%A0%84%ED%86%B5" title="튀르크몽골 전통">튀르크몽골 전통</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Britannica_Definition-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_Definition_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEncyclopedia_Britannica._Turkic_peoples">Encyclopedia Britannica. Turkic peoples</a>. "Turkic peoples, any of various peoples whose members speak languages belonging to the Turkic subfamily..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yunusbayev_Definition-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Yunusbayev_Definition_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYunusbayev_et_al.2015">Yunusbayev et al. 2015</a>, 1쪽. "The Turkic peoples represent a diverse collection of ethnic groups defined by the Turkic languages."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUchiyamaGillamSavelyevNing2020">Uchiyama 등. 2020</a>: "Most linguists and historians agree that Proto-Turkic, the common ancestor of all ancient and contemporary Turkic languages, must have been spoken somewhere in Central-East Asia (e.g. Róna-Tas, Reference Róna-Tas1991, p. 35; Golden, Reference Golden1992, pp. 124–127; Menges, Reference Menges1995, pp. 16–19)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUchiyamaGillamSavelyevNing2020">Uchiyama 등. 2020</a>: "The ultimate Proto-Turkic homeland may have been located in a more compact area, most likely in Eastern Mongolia"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeeKuang2017">Lee & Kuang 2017</a>: "The best candidate for the Turkic Urheimat would then be northern and western Mongolia and Tuva, where all these haplogroups could have intermingled, rather than eastern and southern Mongolia..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUchiyamaGillamSavelyevNing2020">Uchiyama 등. 2020</a>:"To sum up, the palaeolinguistic reconstruction points to a mixed subsistence strategy and complex economy of the Proto-Turkic-speaking community. It is likely that the subsistence of the Early Proto-Turkic speakers was based on a combination of hunting–gathering and agriculture, with a later shift to nomadic pastoralism as an economy basis, partly owing to the interaction of the Late Proto-Turkic groups with the Iranian-speaking herders of the Eastern Steppe."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFindley2005">Findley 2005</a>, 18쪽: "Moreover, Turks do not all physically look alike. They never did. The Turks of Turkey are famous for their range of physical types. Given the Turks’ ancient Inner Asian origins, it is easy to imagine that they once presented a uniform Mongoloid appearance. Such traits seem to be more characteristic in the eastern Turkic world; however, uniformity of type can never have prevailed there either. Archeological evidence indicates that Indo-Europeans, or certainly Europoid physical types, inhabited the oases of the Tarim basin and even parts of Mongolia in ancient times. In the Tarim basin, persistence of these former inhabitants’ genes among the modern Uyghurs is both observable and scientifically demonstrable.32 Early Chinese sources describe the Kirghiz as blue-eyed and blond or red-haired. The genesis of Turkic ethnic groups from earliest times occurred in confederations of diverse peoples. As if to prove the point, the earliest surviving texts in Turkic languages are studded with terms from other languages."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Golden2018-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Golden2018_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Golden, Peter B. (2018년 7월 25일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0971945818775373">“The Ethnogonic Tales of the Türks”</a>. 《The Medieval History Journal》 (영어) <b>21</b> (2): 291–327. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F0971945818775373">10.1177/0971945818775373</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-9458">0971-9458</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Medieval+History+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Ethnogonic+Tales+of+the+T%C3%BCrks&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=291-327&rft.date=2018-07-25&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0971945818775373&rft.issn=0971-9458&rft.aulast=Golden&rft.aufirst=Peter+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F0971945818775373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>"Some DNA tests point to the Iranian connections of the Ashina and Ashide,133 highlighting further that the Turks as a whole ‘were made up of heterogeneous and somatically dissimilar populations’.134 Geographically, the accounts cover the regions of Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, the Yenisei zone and the Altay, regions with Turkic, Indo-European (Iranian [Saka] and Tokharian), Yeniseic, Uralic and other populations. Wusun elements, like most steppe polities of an ethno-linguistic mix, may have also played a substratal role."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeeKuang2017">Lee & Kuang 2017</a>: "Both Chinese histories and modern dna studies indicate that the early and medieval Turkic peoples were made up of heterogeneous populations"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYunusbayev_et_al.2015-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYunusbayev_et_al.2015_10-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYunusbayev_et_al.2015_10-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYunusbayev_et_al.2015_10-2">다</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYunusbayev_et_al.2015_10-3">라</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYunusbayev_et_al.2015">Yunusbayev et al. 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Metspalu, Mait; Metspalu, Ene; Valeev, Albert; Litvinov, Sergei; Valiev, Ruslan; Akhmetova, Vita; Balanovska, Elena; Balanovsky, Oleg (2015년 4월 21일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405460">“The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia”</a>. 《PLOS Genetics》 (영어) <b>11</b> (4): e1005068. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1005068">10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1553-7404">1553-7404</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405460">4405460</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25898006">25898006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Genetics&rft.atitle=The+Genetic+Legacy+of+the+Expansion+of+Turkic-Speaking+Nomads+across+Eurasia&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=e1005068&rft.date=2015-04-21&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4405460&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25898006&rft.issn=1553-7404&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1005068&rft.aulast=Yunusbayev&rft.aufirst=Bayazit&rft.au=Metspalu%2C+Mait&rft.au=Metspalu%2C+Ene&rft.au=Valeev%2C+Albert&rft.au=Litvinov%2C+Sergei&rft.au=Valiev%2C+Ruslan&rft.au=Akhmetova%2C+Vita&rft.au=Balanovska%2C+Elena&rft.au=Balanovsky%2C+Oleg&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4405460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Golden, Peter Benjamin (2011). <i>Studies on the peoples and cultures of the Eurasian steppes</i>. Bucureşti: Ed. Acad. Române. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (없는 문서)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-973-1871-96-7" title="특수:책찾기/978-973-1871-96-7"><bdi>978-973-1871-96-7</bdi></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Wang, Chuan-Chao; Yeh, Hui-Yuan; Popov, Alexander N.; Zhang, Hu-Qin; Matsumura, Hirofumi; Sirak, Kendra; Cheronet, Olivia; Kovalev, Alexey; Rohland, Nadin (March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7993749">“Genomic insights into the formation of human populations in East Asia”</a>. 《Nature》 (영어) <b>591</b> (7850): 413–419. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021Natur.591..413W">2021Natur.591..413W</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-021-03336-2">10.1038/s41586-021-03336-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7993749">7993749</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33618348">33618348</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Genomic+insights+into+the+formation+of+human+populations+in+East+Asia&rft.volume=591&rft.issue=7850&rft.pages=413-419&rft.date=2021-03&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7993749&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021Natur.591..413W&rft.issn=1476-4687&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41586-021-03336-2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33618348&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Chuan-Chao&rft.au=Yeh%2C+Hui-Yuan&rft.au=Popov%2C+Alexander+N.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Hu-Qin&rft.au=Matsumura%2C+Hirofumi&rft.au=Sirak%2C+Kendra&rft.au=Cheronet%2C+Olivia&rft.au=Kovalev%2C+Alexey&rft.au=Rohland%2C+Nadin&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7993749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Fuente, José Andrés Alonso de la (2016년 1월 1일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/dia.33.4.04alo">“Diachrony of verb morphology: Japanese and the Transeurasian languages”</a>. 《Diachronica》 (영어) <b>33</b> (4): 530–537. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1075%2Fdia.33.4.04alo">10.1075/dia.33.4.04alo</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0176-4225">0176-4225</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diachronica&rft.atitle=Diachrony+of+verb+morphology%3A+Japanese+and+the+Transeurasian+languages&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=530-537&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1075%2Fdia.33.4.04alo&rft.issn=0176-4225&rft.aulast=Fuente&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Andr%C3%A9s+Alonso+de+la&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jbe-platform.com%2Fcontent%2Fjournals%2F10.1075%2Fdia.33.4.04alo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Dybo, Anna (2017년 1월 1일). “New trends in European studies on the Altaic problem”. 《Journal of Language Relationship》 (영어) <b>14</b> (1–2): 71–106. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.31826%2Fjlr-2017-141-208">10.31826/jlr-2017-141-208</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2219-4029">2219-4029</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Language+Relationship&rft.atitle=New+trends+in+European+studies+on+the+Altaic+problem&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=71-106&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.31826%2Fjlr-2017-141-208&rft.issn=2219-4029&rft.aulast=Dybo&rft.aufirst=Anna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanhunen2003-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanhunen2003_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJanhunen2003">Janhunen 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUchiyamaGillamSavelyevNing2020-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUchiyamaGillamSavelyevNing2020_17-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUchiyamaGillamSavelyevNing2020_17-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUchiyamaGillamSavelyevNing2020_17-2">다</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUchiyamaGillamSavelyevNing2020_17-3">라</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUchiyamaGillamSavelyevNing2020_17-4">마</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUchiyamaGillamSavelyevNing2020">Uchiyama 등. 2020</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Metspalu, Mait; Metspalu, Ene; Valeev, Albert; Litvinov, Sergei; Valiev, Ruslan; Akhmetova, Vita; Balanovska, Elena; Balanovsky, Oleg (2015년 4월 21일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405460">“The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia”</a>. 《PLOS Genetics》 <b>11</b> (4): e1005068. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1005068">10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1553-7390">1553-7390</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405460">4405460</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25898006">25898006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Genetics&rft.atitle=The+Genetic+Legacy+of+the+Expansion+of+Turkic-Speaking+Nomads+across+Eurasia&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=e1005068&rft.date=2015-04-21&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4405460&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25898006&rft.issn=1553-7390&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1005068&rft.aulast=Yunusbayev&rft.aufirst=Bayazit&rft.au=Metspalu%2C+Mait&rft.au=Metspalu%2C+Ene&rft.au=Valeev%2C+Albert&rft.au=Litvinov%2C+Sergei&rft.au=Valiev%2C+Ruslan&rft.au=Akhmetova%2C+Vita&rft.au=Balanovska%2C+Elena&rft.au=Balanovsky%2C+Oleg&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4405460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENelson_et_al.2020-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENelson_et_al.2020_19-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENelson_et_al.2020_19-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNelson_et_al.2020">Nelson et al. 2020</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELi_et_al.2020-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELi_et_al.2020_20-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELi_et_al.2020_20-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLi_et_al.2020">Li et al. 2020</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUchiyamaGillamSavelyevNing2020">Uchiyama 등. 2020</a>: "Although current genetic evidence is not adequate to track the exact time and location for the origin of the proto-Turkic language, it is clear that it probably originated somewhere in northeastern Asia given the fact that the nomadic groups, such as the Rouran, Xiongnu and the Xianbei, all share a substratum genetic ancestry that falls into or close to the northeast Asian gene pool (Ning et al., Reference Ning, Li, Wang, Zhang, Li, Wu and Cuiin press; Li et al., Reference Li, Zhang, Zhao, Chen, Ochir, Sarenbilige and Zhou2018)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Damgaard, Peter de Barros; Marchi, Nina; Rasmussen, Simon; Peyrot, Michaël; Renaud, Gabriel; Korneliussen, Thorfinn; Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor; Pedersen, Mikkel Winther; Goldberg, Amy (May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0094-2">“137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes”</a>. 《Nature》 (영어) <b>557</b> (7705): 369–374. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Natur.557..369D">2018Natur.557..369D</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-018-0094-2">10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29743675">29743675</a>. <q>The diversification within the Turkic languages suggests that several waves of migrations occurred35, and on the basis of the impact of local languages gradual assimilation to local populations were already assumed36. The East Asian migration starting with the Xiongnu complies well with the hypothesis that early Turkic was their major language37. Further migrations of East Asians westwards find a good linguistic correlate in the influence of Mongolian on Turkic and Iranian in the last millennium38. As such, the genomic history of the Eurasian steppe is the story of a gradual transition from Bronze Age pastoralists of western Eurasian ancestry, towards mounted warriors of increased East Asian ancestry – a process that continued well into historical times.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=137+ancient+human+genomes+from+across+the+Eurasian+steppes&rft.volume=557&rft.issue=7705&rft.pages=369-374&rft.date=2018-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41586-018-0094-2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29743675&rft.issn=1476-4687&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018Natur.557..369D&rft.aulast=Damgaard&rft.aufirst=Peter+de+Barros&rft.au=Marchi%2C+Nina&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+Simon&rft.au=Peyrot%2C+Micha%C3%ABl&rft.au=Renaud%2C+Gabriel&rft.au=Korneliussen%2C+Thorfinn&rft.au=Moreno-Mayar%2C+J.+V%C3%ADctor&rft.au=Pedersen%2C+Mikkel+Winther&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41586-018-0094-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Guarino-Vignon, Perle; Marchi, Nina; Bendezu-Sarmiento, Julio; Heyer, Evelyne; Bon, Céline (2022년 1월 14일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8760286">“Genetic continuity of Indo-Iranian speakers since the Iron Age in southern Central Asia”</a>. 《Scientific Reports》 (영어) <b>12</b> (1): 733. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022NatSR..12..733G">2022NatSR..12..733G</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-021-04144-4">10.1038/s41598-021-04144-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322">2045-2322</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8760286">8760286</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35031610">35031610</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Genetic+continuity+of+Indo-Iranian+speakers+since+the+Iron+Age+in+southern+Central+Asia&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=733&rft.date=2022-01-14&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8760286&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022NatSR..12..733G&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-021-04144-4&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35031610&rft.aulast=Guarino-Vignon&rft.aufirst=Perle&rft.au=Marchi%2C+Nina&rft.au=Bendezu-Sarmiento%2C+Julio&rft.au=Heyer%2C+Evelyne&rft.au=Bon%2C+C%C3%A9line&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8760286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Zhao, Jing; Wurigemule, null; Sun, Jin; Xia, Ziyang; He, Guanglin; Yang, Xiaomin; Guo, Jianxin; Cheng, Hui-Zhen; Li, Yingxiang (December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33059477/">“Genetic substructure and admixture of Mongolians and Kazakhs inferred from genome-wide array genotyping”</a>. 《Annals of Human Biology》 <b>47</b> (7–8): 620–628. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F03014460.2020.1837952">10.1080/03014460.2020.1837952</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1464-5033">1464-5033</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33059477">33059477</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Human+Biology&rft.atitle=Genetic+substructure+and+admixture+of+Mongolians+and+Kazakhs+inferred+from+genome-wide+array+genotyping&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=7%E2%80%938&rft.pages=620-628&rft.date=2020-12&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33059477&rft.issn=1464-5033&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03014460.2020.1837952&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=Jing&rft.au=Wurigemule%2C+null&rft.au=Sun%2C+Jin&rft.au=Xia%2C+Ziyang&rft.au=He%2C+Guanglin&rft.au=Yang%2C+Xiaomin&rft.au=Guo%2C+Jianxin&rft.au=Cheng%2C+Hui-Zhen&rft.au=Li%2C+Yingxiang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F33059477%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Estimating the impact of the Mongol expansion upon the gene pool of Central Asians. ЛД Дамба · 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Zhabagin, Maxat; Sabitov, Zhaxylyk; Tarlykov, Pavel; Tazhigulova, Inkar; Junissova, Zukhra; Yerezhepov, Dauren; Akilzhanov, Rakhmetolla; Zholdybayeva, Elena; Wei, Lan-Hai (2020년 10월 22일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-020-00897-5">“The medieval Mongolian roots of Y-chromosomal lineages from South Kazakhstan”</a>. 《BMC Genetics》 <b>21</b> (1): 87. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12863-020-00897-5">10.1186/s12863-020-00897-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1471-2156">1471-2156</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7583311">7583311</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33092538">33092538</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Genetics&rft.atitle=The+medieval+Mongolian+roots+of+Y-chromosomal+lineages+from+South+Kazakhstan&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=87&rft.date=2020-10-22&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7583311&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33092538&rft.issn=1471-2156&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs12863-020-00897-5&rft.aulast=Zhabagin&rft.aufirst=Maxat&rft.au=Sabitov%2C+Zhaxylyk&rft.au=Tarlykov%2C+Pavel&rft.au=Tazhigulova%2C+Inkar&rft.au=Junissova%2C+Zukhra&rft.au=Yerezhepov%2C+Dauren&rft.au=Akilzhanov%2C+Rakhmetolla&rft.au=Zholdybayeva%2C+Elena&rft.au=Wei%2C+Lan-Hai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1186%2Fs12863-020-00897-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Khussainova, Elmira; Kisselev, Ilya; Iksan, Olzhas; Bekmanov, Bakhytzhan; Skvortsova, Liliya; Garshin, Alexander; Kuzovleva, Elena; Zhaniyazov, Zhassulan; Zhunussova, Gulnur (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8777105">“Genetic Relationship Among the Kazakh People Based on Y-STR Markers Reveals Evidence of Genetic Variation Among Tribes and Zhuz”</a>. 《Frontiers in Genetics》 <b>12</b>: 801295. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3389%2Ffgene.2021.801295">10.3389/fgene.2021.801295</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1664-8021">1664-8021</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8777105">8777105</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35069700">35069700</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Genetics&rft.atitle=Genetic+Relationship+Among+the+Kazakh+People+Based+on+Y-STR+Markers+Reveals+Evidence+of+Genetic+Variation+Among+Tribes+and+Zhuz&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=801295&rft.date=2022&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8777105&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35069700&rft.issn=1664-8021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffgene.2021.801295&rft.aulast=Khussainova&rft.aufirst=Elmira&rft.au=Kisselev%2C+Ilya&rft.au=Iksan%2C+Olzhas&rft.au=Bekmanov%2C+Bakhytzhan&rft.au=Skvortsova%2C+Liliya&rft.au=Garshin%2C+Alexander&rft.au=Kuzovleva%2C+Elena&rft.au=Zhaniyazov%2C+Zhassulan&rft.au=Zhunussova%2C+Gulnur&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8777105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Zhabagin, Maxat; Balanovska, Elena; Sabitov, Zhaxylyk; Kuznetsova, Marina; Agdzhoyan, Anastasiya; Balaganskaya, Olga; Chukhryaeva, Marina; Markina, Nadezhda; Romanov, Alexey (2017년 6월 8일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5465200">“The Connection of the Genetic, Cultural and Geographic Landscapes of Transoxiana”</a>. 《Scientific Reports》 (영어) <b>7</b> (1): 3085. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatSR...7.3085Z">2017NatSR...7.3085Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-017-03176-z">10.1038/s41598-017-03176-z</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322">2045-2322</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5465200">5465200</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28596519">28596519</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=The+Connection+of+the+Genetic%2C+Cultural+and+Geographic+Landscapes+of+Transoxiana&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3085&rft.date=2017-06-08&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5465200&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017NatSR...7.3085Z&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-017-03176-z&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28596519&rft.aulast=Zhabagin&rft.aufirst=Maxat&rft.au=Balanovska%2C+Elena&rft.au=Sabitov%2C+Zhaxylyk&rft.au=Kuznetsova%2C+Marina&rft.au=Agdzhoyan%2C+Anastasiya&rft.au=Balaganskaya%2C+Olga&rft.au=Chukhryaeva%2C+Marina&rft.au=Markina%2C+Nadezhda&rft.au=Romanov%2C+Alexey&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5465200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">de la Vaissière, Étienne (2015). 〈The Steppe World and the Rise of the Huns〉. Maas, Michael. 《The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila》. Cambridge University Press. 175–192쪽. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/9781107633889" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-107-63388-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kristó, Gyula (1996). Hungarian History in the Ninth Century. Szegedi Középkorász Műhely. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/1403969299" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-4039-6929-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><дека името Украина доаѓа од старословенскиот поим украина што значи „гранична област“ или „крајина“{{웹 인용|url=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://litopys.org.ua/rizne/nazva_eu.htm">http://litopys.org.ua/rizne/nazva_eu.htm</a> |title=З Енциклопедії Українознавства; Назва "Україна" |publisher=Litopys.org.ua |accessdate=October 31, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maḥmūd, Kāshgarī; James Kelly (1982). Türk Şiveleri Lügatı = Dīvānü Luġāt-It-Türk. Duxbury, Mass: Tekin.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sisainlive.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=4854">실크로드에 타오르는 투르크 민족주의</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113137/http://www.sisainlive.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=4854">Archived</a> 2016년 3월 4일 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a> 시사인 96호, 2009.07.13</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="참고_문헌"><span id=".EC.B0.B8.EA.B3.A0_.EB.AC.B8.ED.97.8C"></span>참고 문헌</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 참고 문헌"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480451">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBrook2018" class="citation">Brook, Kevin Alan (2018), 《The Jews of Khazaria》, Rowman & Littlefield</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews+of+Khazaria&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Brook&rft.aufirst=Kevin+Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopedia_Britannica._Turkic_peoples" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Turkic-peoples">“Turkic peoples”</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>》. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 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(2015년 4월 21일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405460">“The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia”</a>. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=PLOS_One&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLOS One (없는 문서)">PLOS One</a>》 (<a href="/wiki/PLOS" class="mw-redirect" title="PLOS">PLOS</a>) <b>11</b> (4): e1005068. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1005068">10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405460">4405460</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25898006">25898006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+One&rft.atitle=The+Genetic+Legacy+of+the+Expansion+of+Turkic-Speaking+Nomads+across+Eurasia&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=e1005068&rft.date=2015-04-21&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4405460&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25898006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1005068&rft.aulast=Yunusbayev&rft.aufirst=Bayazit&rft.au=Metspalu%2C+Mait&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4405460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="추가_자료"><span id=".EC.B6.94.EA.B0.80_.EC.9E.90.EB.A3.8C"></span>추가 자료</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 추가 자료"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Amanjolov A.S., "History of the Ancient Turkic Script", Almaty, "Mektep", 2003, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38117996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/9965-16-204-2" title="특수:책찾기/9965-16-204-2">9965-16-204-2</a></li> <li>Baichorov S.Ya., "Ancient Turkic runic monuments of the Europe", Stavropol, 1989 (in Russian).</li> <li>Baskakov, N.A. 1962, 1969. <i>Introduction to the study of the Turkic languages</i>. Moscow (in Russian).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beckwith,_Christopher_I.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beckwith, Christopher I. (없는 문서)">Beckwith, Christopher I.</a> (2009): <i>Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present</i>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-691-13589-2" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-691-13589-2">978-0-691-13589-2</a>.</li> <li>Boeschoten, Hendrik & Lars Johanson. 2006. <i>Turkic languages in contact</i>. Turcologica, Bd. 61. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/3-447-05212-0" title="특수:책찾기/3-447-05212-0">3-447-05212-0</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavannes,_%C3%89douard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chavannes, Édouard (없는 문서)">Chavannes, Édouard</a> (1900): <i>Documents sur les Tou-kiue (Turcs) occidentaux.</i> Paris, Librairie d'Amérique et d'Orient. Reprint: Taipei. Cheng Wen Publishing Co. 1969.</li> <li>Clausen, Gerard. 1972. <i>An etymological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Deny, Jean et al. 1959–1964. <i>Philologiae Turcicae Fundamenta</i>. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Eliot, Charles Norton Edgcumbe (1911). 〈<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Turks" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Turks">Turks</a>〉. 《<a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%ED%83%9C%EB%8B%88%EC%BB%A4_%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84_%EC%A0%9C11%ED%8C%90" title="브리태니커 백과사전 제11판">브리태니커 백과사전</a>》 <b>27</b> 11판. 468–473쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Turks&rft.btitle=%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%ED%83%9C%EB%8B%88%EC%BB%A4+%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84&rft.pages=468-473&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Eliot&rft.aufirst=Charles+Norton+Edgcumbe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Findley, Carter Vaughn. 2005. <i>The Turks in World History</i>. Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-19-516770-8" title="특수:책찾기/0-19-516770-8">0-19-516770-8</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-19-517726-6" title="특수:책찾기/0-19-517726-6">0-19-517726-6</a> (pbk.)</li> <li>Golden, Peter B. <i>An introduction to the history of the Turkic peoples: Ethnogenesis and state-formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East</i> (Otto Harrassowitz (Wiesbaden) 1992) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/3-447-03274-X" title="특수:책찾기/3-447-03274-X">3-447-03274-X</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Peter B. Golden (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281319978">《An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East》</a>. O. Harrassowitz. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-3-447-03274-2" title="특수:책찾기/978-3-447-03274-2"><bdi>978-3-447-03274-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+History+of+the+Turkic+Peoples%3A+Ethnogenesis+and+State-formation+in+Medieval+and+Early+Modern+Eurasia+and+the+Middle+East&rft.pub=O.+Harrassowitz&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-3-447-03274-2&rft.au=Peter+B.+Golden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F281319978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Peter B. 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Editura Academiei Române – Editura Istro. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-973-27-2152-0" title="특수:책찾기/978-973-27-2152-0"><bdi>978-973-27-2152-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+on+the+Peoples+and+Culture+sof+the+Eurasian+Steppes&rft.pub=Editura+Academiei+Rom%C3%A2ne+%E2%80%93+Editura+Istro&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-973-27-2152-0&rft.au=Peter+B.+Golden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F281319966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Heywood, Colin. <i>The Turks (The Peoples of Europe)</i> (Blackwell 2005), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-631-15897-4" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-631-15897-4">978-0-631-15897-4</a>.</li> <li>Hostler, Charles Warren. <i>The Turks of Central Asia</i> (Greenwood Press, November 1993), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-275-93931-6" title="특수:책찾기/0-275-93931-6">0-275-93931-6</a>.</li> <li>Ishjatms N., "Nomads In Eastern Central Asia", in the "History of civilizations of Central Asia", Volume 2, UNESCO Publishing, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/92-3-102846-4" title="특수:책찾기/92-3-102846-4">92-3-102846-4</a>.</li> <li>Johanson, Lars & Éva Agnes Csató (ed.). 1998. <i>The Turkic languages</i>. 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Dictionary of the Turkic languages: English, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tatar, Turkish, Turkmen, Uighur, Uzbek. London: Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-415-14198-2" title="특수:책찾기/0-415-14198-2">0-415-14198-2</a></li> <li>Alpamysh, H.B. Paksoy: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vlib.iue.it/carrie/texts/carrie_books/paksoy-1/">Central Asian Identity under Russian Rule</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109034048/http://vlib.iue.it/carrie/texts/carrie_books/paksoy-1/">Archived</a> 2020년 11월 9일 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a> (Hartford: AACAR, 1989)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">H. B. 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New York: Elsevier.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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inset 2px 2px 0 #6495ED, inset -2px -2px 0 #6495ED;;width:1%">시베리아<br />튀르크족</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #6495ED, inset -2px -2px 0 #6495ED;;width:1%">남시베리아</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="알타이인">알타이인</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B2%BC%EC%B9%B8%EC%A1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="첼칸족 (없는 문서)">첼칸족</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BF%A0%EB%A7%8C%EB%94%98%EC%A1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="쿠만딘족 (없는 문서)">쿠만딘족</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%85%94%EB%A0%9D%EA%B8%B0%ED%8A%B8%EC%A1%B1" title="텔렝기트족">텔렝기트족</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%85%94%EB%A0%88%EC%9A%B0%ED%8A%B8%EC%A1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="텔레우트족 (없는 문서)">텔레우트족</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%B0%9C%EB%9D%BC%EB%A5%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="투발라르족">투발라르족</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B6%9C%EB%A6%BC%EC%9D%B8" title="출림인">출림인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%B8" title="하카스인">하카스인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%87%BC%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="쇼르인">쇼르인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B8" title="투바인">투바인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%B8" title="토파인">토파인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B1" title="위구족">위구족</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #6495ED, inset -2px -2px 0 #6495ED;;width:1%">북시베리아</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EC%BF%A0%ED%8A%B8%EC%9D%B8" title="야쿠트인">야쿠트인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%8C%EA%B0%84%EC%9D%B8" title="돌간인">돌간인</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #6495ED, inset -2px -2px 0 #6495ED;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EA%B5%AC%EC%A6%88_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC" title="오구즈 튀르크">오구즈족</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #6495ED, inset -2px -2px 0 #6495ED;;width:1%">동오구즈족</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A9%98%EC%9D%B8" title="투르크멘인">투르크멘인</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84_%ED%88%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A9%98%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="아프가니스탄 투르크멘인 (없는 문서)">아프간</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80_%ED%88%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A9%98%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="이란 투르크멘인 (없는 문서)">이란</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%98%B8%EB%9D%BC%EC%82%B0_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="호라산 튀르크 (없는 문서)">호라산 튀르크</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #6495ED, inset -2px -2px 0 #6495ED;;width:1%">서오구즈족</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%A0%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="아제리인">아제리인</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80_%EC%95%84%EC%A0%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="이란 아제리인 (없는 문서)">이란</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84_%EC%95%84%EC%A0%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="조지아 아제리인 (없는 문서)">조지아</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EA%B0%80%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88%EC%9D%B8" title="가가우즈인">가가우즈인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%EB%A7%8C_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="오스만 튀르크인">오스만 튀르크인</a> → <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%B8" title="튀르키예인">튀르키예인</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%95%ED%95%98%EC%A7%80%EC%95%BC_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="압하지야 튀르키예인 (없는 문서)">압하지야</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%8C%EC%A0%9C%EB%A6%AC_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="알제리 튀르키예인 (없는 문서)">알제리</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B3%B4%EC%8A%A4%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84_%ED%97%A4%EB%A5%B4%EC%B2%B4%EA%B3%A0%EB%B9%84%EB%82%98_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="보스니아 헤르체고비나 튀르키예인 (없는 문서)">보스니아</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B6%88%EA%B0%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="불가리아 튀르키예인 (없는 문서)">불가리아</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%EC%95%84%ED%8B%B0%EC%95%84_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="크로아티아 튀르키예인 (없는 문서)">크로아티아</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%81%AC%EB%A0%88%ED%83%80_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="크레타 튀르키예인 (없는 문서)">크레타</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%82%A4%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="키프로스 튀르키예인 (없는 문서)">키프로스</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%8F%84%EB%8D%B0%EC%B9%B4%EB%8B%88%EC%82%AC_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="도데카니사 튀르키예인 (없는 문서)">도데카니사</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%91%ED%8A%B8_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="이집트 튀르키예인 (없는 문서)">이집트</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B4%EB%9D%BC%ED%81%AC_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="이라크 튀르키예인 (없는 문서)">이라크</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EB%9D%BC%EC%97%98_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="이스라엘 튀르키예인 (없는 문서)">이스라엘</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BD%94%EC%86%8C%EB%B3%B4_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="코소보 튀르키예인 (없는 문서)">코소보</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A0%88%EB%B0%94%EB%85%BC_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="레바논 튀르키예인 (없는 문서)">레바논</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A6%AC%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="리비아 튀르키예인 (없는 문서)">리비아</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B6%81%EB%A7%88%EC%BC%80%EB%8F%84%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="북마케도니아 튀르키예인 (없는 문서)">북마케도니아</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A3%A8%EB%A7%88%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="루마니아 튀르키예인 (없는 문서)">루마니아</a></li> <li><a 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class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #6495ED, inset -2px -2px 0 #6495ED;;width:1%">북오구즈족</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B4%EB%9D%BC%EB%A5%B4%EC%A1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="살라르족">살라르족</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #6495ED, inset -2px -2px 0 #6495ED;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%82%B5%EC%B0%A8%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="킵차크족 (없는 문서)">킵차크족</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #6495ED, inset -2px -2px 0 #6495ED;;width:1%">동킵차크족</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%B8" title="키르기스인">키르기스인</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #6495ED, inset -2px -2px 0 #6495ED;;width:1%">서킵차크족</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="발카르인">발카르인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BC_%ED%83%80%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="크림 타타르인">크림 타타르인</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BC_%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%9E%84%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="크림 카라임인 (없는 문서)">크림 카라임인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%B0%A8%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="카라차이인">카라차이인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%BC%EC%B0%A8%ED%81%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="크림차크인">크림차크인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%AF%B8%ED%81%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="쿠미크인">쿠미크인</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #6495ED, inset -2px -2px 0 #6495ED;;width:1%">남킵차크족</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9E%90%ED%9D%90%EC%9D%B8" title="카자흐인">카자흐인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%B9%BC%ED%8C%8D%EC%9D%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="카라칼팍인">카라칼팍인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%EB%A7%8C" title="나이만">나이만인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EA%B0%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="노가이인">노가이인</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #6495ED, inset -2px -2px 0 #6495ED;;width:1%">북킵차크족</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="타타르인">타타르인</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%ED%83%80%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="시베리아 타타르인">시베리아</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B0%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%B0%94_%ED%83%80%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="바라바 타타르인 (없는 문서)">바라바</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%ED%95%9C_%ED%83%80%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="아스트라한 타타르인 (없는 문서)">아스트라한</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD_%ED%83%80%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="중국 타타르족">중국</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A6%AC%ED%88%AC%EC%95%84%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84_%ED%83%80%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="리투아니아 타타르인 (없는 문서)">리투아니아</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%81%AC%EB%9E%B4%EC%85%B4%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="크랴셴인 (없는 문서)">크라셴</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%EC%83%A4%EB%A5%B4_%ED%83%80%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="미샤르 타타르인 (없는 문서)">미샤르</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%EA%B0%80_%ED%83%80%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="볼가 타타르인">볼가</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%80%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C_%ED%83%80%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="핀란드 타타르인 (없는 문서)">핀란드</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%8B%9C%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="바시키르인">바시키르인</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #6495ED, inset -2px -2px 0 #6495ED;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%BC%EB%A3%A8%ED%81%AC" title="카를루크">카를룩족</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #6495ED, inset -2px -2px 0 #6495ED;;width:1%">동카를룩족</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EA%B5%AC%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="위구르인">위구르인</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #6495ED, inset -2px -2px 0 #6495ED;;width:1%">서카를룩족</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88%EB%B2%A0%ED%81%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="우즈베크인">우즈베크인</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88%EB%B2%A0%ED%81%AC%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="아프가니스탄 우즈베크인 (없는 문서)">아프간</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #6495ED, inset -2px -2px 0 #6495ED;;width:1%">아르구족</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC%EC%A7%80%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="칼라지인 (없는 문서)">칼라지인</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #6495ED, inset -2px -2px 0 #6495ED;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%98%A4%EA%B5%AC%EB%A5%B4_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="오구르 튀르크 (없는 문서)">오구르족</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B6%94%EB%B0%94%EC%8B%9C%EC%9D%B8" title="추바시인">추바시인</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #6495ED, inset -2px -2px 0 #6495ED;;width:1%">소멸한 민족</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%8C%EA%B6%90" title="돌궐">돌궐</a>† <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%83%80%EB%B6%80" title="사타부">사타</a>†</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%8F%8C%EA%B8%B0%EC%8B%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="돌기시 (없는 문서)">돌기시</a>†</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EB%A0%B9_(%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1)" title="정령 (민족)">철륵</a>† <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%A4%EC%97%B0%ED%83%80" title="설연타">설연타</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EA%B5%AC%EB%A5%B4_%EC%B9%B4%EA%B0%84%EA%B5%AD" title="위구르 카간국">회흘</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%ED%8C%8C" class="mw-disambig" title="도파">도파</a>†</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A8%EB%A6%AC%EA%B0%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="골리간 (없는 문서)">골리간</a>†</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%8B%A4%EB%9E%8C%EA%B0%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="다람갈 (없는 문서)">다람갈</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%9D%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="동라">동라</a>†</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B3%B5%EA%B3%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="복골 (없는 문서)">복골</a>†</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B0%9C%EC%95%BC%EA%B3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="발야고 (없는 문서)">발야고</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%BC%EB%A3%A8%ED%81%AC" title="카를루크">갈라록</a>†</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B0%9C%EC%8B%A4%EB%B0%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="발실밀 (없는 문서)">발실밀</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%98%BC" class="mw-disambig" title="혼">혼</a>†</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A1%EC%84%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="곡설 (없는 문서)">곡설</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EA%B2%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="해결">해결</a>†</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%80%ED%95%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="글필 (없는 문서)">글필</a>†</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B0%B1%EC%8A%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="백습 (없는 문서)">백습</a>†</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9E%90%EB%A5%B4" title="하자르">하자르인</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EA%B0%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="불가르인">불가르인</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EC%B2%B4%EB%84%A4%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8" title="페체네그인">페체네그인</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%A7%8C%EC%9D%B8" title="쿠만인">쿠만인</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Emblem_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/100px-Emblem_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Emblem_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/150px-Emblem_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Emblem_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/200px-Emblem_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #6495ED, inset -2px -2px 0 #6495ED;;width:1%">정치</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%94%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="범튀르크주의">범튀르크주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%9E%80%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="투란주의">투란주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EB%94%94%EB%93%9C" title="자디드">자디드</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EB%A7%90%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="케말주의">케말주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9A%8C%EC%83%89_%EB%8A%91%EB%8C%80%EB%93%A4" title="회색 늑대들">회색 늑대들</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #6495ED, inset -2px -2px 0 #6495ED;;width:1%">역사</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%99%B8%ED%8A%80%EC%BC%84%EC%88%B2" title="외튀켄숲">외튀켄숲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="투르키스탄">투르키스탄</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%8F%8C%EA%B6%90%EC%82%AC_%EC%97%B0%ED%91%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="돌궐사 연표 (없는 문서)">돌궐사 연표</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A1%B1%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="튀르크족의 이동 (없는 문서)">튀르크족의 이동</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="튀르크화 (없는 문서)">튀르크화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%AA%A9%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="유목제국">유목제국</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84_%EC%A0%84%ED%86%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="튀르크페르시아 전통 (없는 문서)">튀르크-페르시아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8_%EC%A0%84%ED%86%B5" title="튀르크몽골 전통">튀르크-몽골</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:paleturquoise; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #6495ED, inset -2px -2px 0 #6495ED;;width:1%">종교</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC_%EC%8B%A0%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="튀르크 신화 (없는 문서)">튀르크 신화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%A4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88%EC%A6%98#중앙아시아" title="샤머니즘">샤머니즘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%85%A1%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EA%B5%90" class="mw-redirect" title="텡그리교">텡그리교</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%B9%B8%EA%B5%90" title="부르칸교">부르칸교</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%B4%EA%B5%90" title="아이이교">아이이교</a></li> <li><a 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