CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# fb: http://ogp.me/ns/fb# article: http://ogp.me/ns/article#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="American Elements: The Materials Science Company"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/American-Elements-Company-Logo.png"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/>  <meta property="article:section" content="Elements" />   <meta property="og:title" content="Iodine (I) | AMERICAN ELEMENTS ® " /> <meta property="og:description" content="Iodine (I) chemical structure, technical & safety data, discovery, uses" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.americanelements.com/ii.htm" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.americanelements.com/ii.htm" /> <link rel="amphtml" href="https://www.americanelements.com/amp.ii.html" /> <title>Iodine (I) | AMERICAN ELEMENTS ® </title> <meta name="description" content="Iodine (I) chemical structure, technical & safety data, discovery, uses" /> <meta name="keywords" content="Iodine Element Information" /> <style type="text/css"> .banner {background-image: url("headers/elements/iodine-banner.jpg"); } .element-item2{background-color:#5188AB} </style>  <style type="text/css"> .element-item2{color:#FFF;border:7px solid #FFF;width:120px;height:120px;text-align:center;position:absolute;bottom:20px;right:15px;box-shadow: 0px 0px 6px #000;text-shadow:0px 1px 2px #000;}.element-item2.opaque {text-shadow:none} /*.alkali {background-color: #E72B30}.alkaline-earth{background-color:#FF8C00;}.actinoid,.lanthanoid{background-color:#45A557;}.transition{background-color:#ECBC0E;}.post-transition{background-color:#68BCFF;}.diatomic{background-color:#152F7B;}.metalloid{background-color:#40BA8F;}.halogen{background-color:#E1A6C8;}.noble-gas{background-color:#A273AE;}.radioactive{background-color: #999}.inverse{background-color: unset;text-shadow: 0px 0px 5px #000;opacity: 1}.inverse-opaque{background-color: #FFF}*/.inverse {color:#111;border-color:#111;text-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; background-color:#FFF}.number{position:absolute;top:2px;right:5px;font-size:17px;font-weight:700 }.symbol2,.symbol2-sm,.weight{position:relative;text-align:center;display:block }.symbol2,.symbol2-sm{font-weight:700;line-height:65px;margin-top:15px }.symbol2{font-size:50px }.symbol2-sm{font-size:50px;letter-spacing:0 }.weight{font-size:15px;margin-top:0;}@media(min-width:1400px){.element-item2{height:160px; width:160px;right:25px}.symbol2,.symbol2-sm{font-size:65px;margin-top:35px}.number{font-size:19px}.weight{font-size:17px;margin-top:7px}}@media (max-width:767px){.element-item2{height:105px;width:105px; }.symbol2,.symbol2-sm{line-height:55px;margin-top:13px;font-size:45px }.number{font-size:16px}.weight{font-size:14px}}@media (max-width:600px){.element-item2{height:75px;width:75px;border-width:5px;top:3px;right:10px}.symbol2{font-size:35px;line-height:55px;margin-top:7px }.symbol2,.symbol2-sm{margin-top:5px }.number{top:1px;right:3px;font-size:13px }.weight{display:none }}@media (max-width:400px) {.number{display:none }.element-item2 {height:40px;width:40px;top:3px;right: 3px;border-width:3.5px}.symbol2 {font-size:18px;line-height:28px;margin-top:5px;}} </style> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto+Condensed:300,700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.americanelements.com/css/slippry.css" /> <style type="text/css"> .sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0}.collapse{display:none}.collapse.in{display:block} .element-item2 {top:15px !important; z-index:100} .sy-caption-wrap { display:none !important } </style> <noscript> <link href="https://www.americanelements.com/css/noscript.css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> </noscript> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.americanelements.com/apple-touch-icon.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://www.americanelements.com/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://www.americanelements.com/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://www.americanelements.com/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://www.americanelements.com/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://www.americanelements.com/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://www.americanelements.com/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://www.americanelements.com/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://www.americanelements.com/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.americanelements.com/AE-Logo-48.ico" />  <link href="https://www.americanelements.com/css/AE.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" />  </head> <body>  <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NHBD3H" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NHBD3H');</script>   <a href="#page-content" class="sr-only">Skip to Main Content</a><nav class="navbar navbar-static-top"> <div class="navbar-header"> <a class="navbar-brand" aria-label="Return to Home" title="AMERICAN ELEMENTS: The Materials Science Company" href="https://www.americanelements.com"> <span id="logo" class="american-elements-logo"><span class="sr-only notranslate">American Elements: The Materials Science Company™ | Certified bulk & lab quantity manufacturer of metals, chemicals, nanoparticles & other advanced materials</span></span></a> <nav id="primary_nav_wrap"><ul><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/company.html">Our Manufacturing</a></li><li class="nolink"><a class="top" href="#">Products</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/products-by-element">Elements, Products by</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/life-science-organic-chemistry">Life Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/2d-materials">2D Materials</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/additive-manufacturing-3d-printing">Additive Manufacturing & 3D Printing</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/alloys.html">Alloys & Alloy Forms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/Battery-Technology.html">Battery Materials</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/catalysts">Catalysts</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/ceramics.html">Ceramics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/chemicals.html">Chemicals & Salts</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/dental-materials.html">Dental Materials</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/electronics-materials.html">Electronics Materials</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/foams.html">Foams</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/fuel-cell-materials.html">Fuel Cell Materials</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/fusion-energy">Fusion Energy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/optical-materials.html">Glass Manufacturing</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/green-technology-alternative-energy.html">Green Technology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/Ultra_high_purity_metals_powders.htm">High Purity Materials</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/Hydrogen-Storage.html">Hydrogen Storage</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/isotopes.html">Isotopes</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/optical-materials.html">Laser Crystals</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/Bio-Medical.html">Life Sciences & Biomaterials</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/metals.html">Metals & Metal Forms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/metallurgy.html">Metallurgy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/nanomaterials-nanoparticles-nanotechnology.html">Nanomaterials</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/life-science-organic-chemistry">Organic Chemicals</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/organometallics.html">Organometallics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/oxides.html">Oxides</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/pigments-coatings.html">Pigments & Coatings</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/rare-earths.html">Rare Earths</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/research-and-development.html">Research & Development</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/semiconductors.html">Semiconductors</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/solar-energy-materials.html">Solar Energy Materials</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/solutions">Solutions</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/sputtering-targets.html">Sputtering Targets</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/thin-film-evaporation-materials.html">Thin Film Deposition</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/water-treatment-chemicals.html">Water Treatment Chemicals</a></li></ul></li><li class="nolink"><a class="top" href="#">Industries</a><ul><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/aerospace-aircraft.html">Aerospace</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/agriculture.html">Agriculture</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/automotive.html">Automotive</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/chemical-manufacturing.html">Chemical Manufacturing</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/defense.html">Defense</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/dentistry.html">Dentistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/electronics.html">Electronics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/energy-storage-batteries.html">Energy Storage & Batteries</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/fuel-cell.html">Fuel Cells</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/fusion-energy">Fusion Energy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/optical-materials.html">Glass Manufacturing</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/investment-grade-metals.html">Investment Grade Metals</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/jewelry-fashion.html">Jewelry & Fashion</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/lighting.html">Lighting</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/medical-devices.html">Medical Devices</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/nuclear-energy.html">Nuclear Energy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/oil-gas.html">Oil & Gas</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/optical-materials.html">Optics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/paper-pulp.html">Paper & Pulp</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/pharmaceuticals-cosmetics.html">Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/metal-plating">Plating</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/research-laboratory.html">Research & Laboratory</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/robotics.html">Robotics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/solar-energy.html">Solar Energy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/space-industry.html">Space</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/steel.html">Steel & Alloy Producers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/sports-equipment.html">Sports Equipment</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/textiles-fabrics.html">Textiles & Fabrics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/water-treatment-chemicals.html">Water Treatment</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/research-center">Research</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/safety-data-center">SDS</a></li><li class="nolink" id="follow"><a class="top" href="#">Follow Us</a><ul><li><a class="twitter" href="https://twitter.com/AmericanElement">Twitter</a></li><li><a class="facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/AmericanElement">Facebook</a></li><li><a class="instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/americanelements/">Instagram</a></li><li><a class="linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/american-elements">LinkedIn</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/quote">Contact Us</a></li></ul></nav> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle ming-toggle" data-toggle="offcanvas" data-target="#ming"> <span class="icon-bar"> </span> <span class="icon-bar"> </span> <span class="icon-bar"> </span> <span class="sr-only notranslate">Main Menu</span></button> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle search-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".search-collapse"><span class="toggle-icon search-icon"></span><span class="sr-only notranslate">Search</span></button> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle translate-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar-collapse-grid"><span class="toggle-icon flag-icon"></span><span class="menu-button-text notranslate">Translate</span> </button> <div class="preface_first"> <form role="search" method="get" action="https://www.americanelements.com/cgi-bin/search.cgi"> <input type="text" name="zoom_query" title="search" aria-labelledby="search" required/> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn btn-default" type="submit" id="search"><span class="magnifier16"></span><span class="sr-only notranslate">Submit</span></button> </span> </form></div> </div></nav> <div id="navbar-collapse-grid" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <ul id="flags"> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=zh-CN&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate China"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">& #31616;& #21270;& #23383;</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=de&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate Germany"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">Deutsch</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=es&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate Spain"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">español</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=fr&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate France"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">français</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=hi&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate India"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">& #x0939;& #x093f;& #x0928;& #x094d;& #x0926;& #x0940;</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=it&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate Italy"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">italiano</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=ja&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate Japan"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">& #x65e5;& #x672c;& #x8a9e;</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=ko&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate South-Korea"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">& #54620;& #44397;& #50612;</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=nl&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate Netherlands"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">nederlands</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=pt&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate Brazil"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">português</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=ru&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate Russia"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">& #x0420;& #x043e;& #x0441;& #x0441;& #x0438;& #x0438;</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=sv&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate Sweden"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">svensk</span></a></li><li><a href=""><span class="flag notranslate United-States"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">English</span></a></li></ul> </div><div class="navbar-collapse search-collapse collapse notranslate" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebSite"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.americanelements.com/"/> <form itemprop="potentialAction" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SearchAction" class="input-group notranslate" role="search" method="get" action="https://www.americanelements.com/cgi-bin/search.cgi"> <meta itemprop="target" content="https://www.americanelements.com/cgi-bin/search.cgi?zoom_query={zoom_query}"/> <input itemprop="query-input" type="text" class="form-control" title="Search" placeholder="Search by Keyword, Product, CAS..." name="zoom_query" aria-labelledby="search" required/> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn btn-default" type="submit" id="search"><span class="magnifier16"></span><span class="sr-only notranslate">Submit</span></button> </span> </form></div><div id="ming" class="navmenu navmenu-default navmenu-fixed-right offcanvas" role="navigation"> <div class="panel-group expanding"> <div class="panel panel-container"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L1" data-target="#product-categories" data-toggle="collapse"><span class="panel-title">Materials</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div id="product-categories" class="panel-body collapse"> <div class="panel panel-ming ming-elements"> <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/products-by-element" class="panel-heading ming-L1" id="ming-elements"><span class="panel-title">Materials by Element</span><span class="Arrowhead-Right dropdown-icon notranslate"></span></a> </div><div class="panel panel-ming"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L1" data-target="#forms" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Materials by Form</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"> </span></div><div class="panel-body collapse" id="forms"> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/2d-materials" data-parent="#forms">2D Materials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/alloys.html" data-parent="#forms">Alloy & Alloy Forms</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/metals.html" data-parent="#forms">Pure Metals & Metal Forms</a> <div class="panel-ming2"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L2" data-target="#chemicals" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#forms"><span class="panel-title">Chemicals & Salts</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div class="panel-body collapse" id="chemicals"> <strong><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/chemicals.html" data-parent="#chemicals">All Chemicals & Salts</a></strong> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Acetates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Acetates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Aluminides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Aluminides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Ammonium-Sulfates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Ammonium Sulfates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Antimonides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Antimonides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Arsenates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Arsenates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Benzoates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Benzoate</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Bromates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Bromates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Bromides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Bromides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Carbonates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Carbonates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Chlorides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Chlorides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Chromates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Chromates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Fluorides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Fluorides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Hydrides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Hydrides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Hydroxides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Hydroxides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Iodates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Iodates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Iodides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Iodides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Lactates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Lactates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Molybdates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Molybdates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Nitrates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Nitrates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Oxalates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Oxalates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/oxides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Oxides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Perchlorates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Perchlorates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Phosphates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Phosphates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Selenates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Selenates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Selenides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Selenides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Selenites.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Selenites</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Silicates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Silicates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Stearates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Stearates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Sulfates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Sulfates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Sulfides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Sulfides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/sulfites" data-parent="#chemicals">Sulfites</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Tantalates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Tantalates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Tellurates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Tellurates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Tellurides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Tellurides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Tellurites.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Tellurites</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/thiocyanates" data-parent="#chemicals">Thiocyanates</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadates" data-parent="#chemicals">Vanadates</a></div><div class="panel-ming2"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L2" data-target="#ceramics" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#forms"><span class="panel-title">Ceramics</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"> </span></div><div id="ceramics" class="panel-body collapse"> <strong><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/ceramics.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Ceramics</a></strong> <strong><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/refractory-ceramics" data-parent="#ceramics">Refractory Ceramics</a></strong><strong><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/transparent-ceramics" data-parent="#ceramics">Transparent Ceramics</a></strong><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Aluminates.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Aluminates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Arsenides.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Arsenides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Borides.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Borides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Carbide.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Carbides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Ferrite.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Ferrites</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Niobates.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Niobates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Nitrides.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Nitrides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Phosphides.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Phosphides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Silicides.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Silicides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Titanates.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Titanates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Tungstates.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Tungstates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Zirconates.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Zirconates</a></div></div><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/ceramic-fibers" data-parent="#forms">Ceramic Fibers</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/foams.html" data-parent="#forms">Foams: Metallic & Ceramic</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Ultra_high_purity_metals_powders.htm" data-parent="#forms">High Purity Materials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/isotopes.html" data-parent="#forms">Isotopes</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/mxenes" data-parent="#forms">MXenes</a> <div class="panel-ming2"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L2" data-target="#nanomaterials" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#forms"><span class="panel-title">Nanomaterials</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div class="panel-body collapse" id="nanomaterials"> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/nanomaterials-nanoparticles-nanotechnology.html" data-parent="#nanomaterials">All Nanomaterials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/quantum-dots" data-parent="#nanomaterials">Quantum Dots</a> </div></div><div class="panel-ming2"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L2" data-target="#organometallics-products" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#forms"><span class="panel-title">Organometallics</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div id="organometallics-products" class="panel-body collapse"> <strong><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/organometallics.html" data-parent="#organometallics-products">All Organometallics</a></strong> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Ethylhexanoates.html" data-parent="#organometallics-products">2-Ethylhexanoates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Acetylacetonates.html" data-parent="#organometallics-products">Acetylacetonates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/phthalocyanines" data-parent="#organometallics-products">Phthalocyanines</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/trifluoromethanesulfonates-triflates" data-parent="#organometallics-products">Trifluoromethanesulfonates</a></div></div><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/oxides.html" data-parent="#forms">Oxides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/rare-earths.html" data-parent="#forms">Rare Earths</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/semiconductors.html" data-parent="#forms">Semiconductors</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/solutions" data-parent="#forms">Solutions</a> </div></div><div class="panel panel-ming"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L1" data-target="#applications" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Materials by Application</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div class="panel-body collapse" id="applications"> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/additive-manufacturing-3d-printing" data-parent="#applications">Additive Manufacturing & 3D Printing</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Battery-Technology.html" data-parent="#applications">Battery & Supercapacitor Materials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/catalysts" data-parent="#applications">Catalysts</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/dental-materials.html" data-parent="#applications">Dental Materials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/electronics-materials.html" data-parent="#applications">Electronics Materials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/fuel-cell-materials.html" data-parent="#applications">Fuel Cell Materials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/fusion-energy" data-parent="#applications">Fusion Energy</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/optical-materials.html" data-parent="#applications">Glass Manufacturing</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/green-technology-alternative-energy.html" data-parent="#applications">Green Technology & Alternative Energy</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Hydrogen-Storage.html" data-parent="#applications">Hydrogen Storage</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/optical-materials.html" data-parent="#applications">Laser Crystals</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Bio-Medical.html" data-parent="#applications">Life Sciences & Biomaterials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/metallurgy.html" data-parent="#applications">Metallurgy</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/nanomaterials-nanoparticles-nanotechnology.html" data-parent="#applications">Nanotechnology & Nanomaterials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/optical-materials.html" data-parent="#applications">Optical Materials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/solar-energy-materials.html" data-parent="#applications">Photovoltaic & Solar Energy</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/metal-plating" data-parent="#applications">Plating</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pigments-coatings.html" data-parent="#applications">Pigments & Coatings</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/research-and-development.html" data-parent="#applications">Research & Development</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/space-industry.html" data-parent="#applications">Space Technology</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/sputtering-targets.html" data-parent="#applications">Sputtering Targets</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/thin-film-evaporation-materials.html" data-parent="#applications">Thin Film Deposition</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/water-treatment-chemicals.html" data-parent="#applications">Water Treatment</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/weather-modification" data-parent="#applications">Weather Modification</a> </div></div></div></div><div class="panel panel-ming"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L1" data-target="#life-science-products" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Life Science Chemicals</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"> </span></div><div class="panel-body collapse" id="life-science-products"><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/life-science-organic-chemistry" data-parent="life-science-products">Life Science Products</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/alcohols" data-parent="life-science-products">Alcohols</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/aldehydes" data-parent="life-science-products">Aldehydes</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/amides" data-parent="life-science-products">Amides</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/amines" data-parent="life-science-products">Amines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/amino-acids-derivatives" data-parent="life-science-products">Amino Acids & Derivatives</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/aromatics" data-parent="life-science-products">Aromatics</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/aryls" data-parent="life-science-products">Aryls</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/azetidines" data-parent="life-science-products">Azetidines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/benzimidazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Benzimidazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/benzisoxazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Benzisoxazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/benzodioxans" data-parent="life-science-products">Benzodioxans</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/benzofurans" data-parent="life-science-products">Benzofurans</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/benzothiazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Benzothiazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/benzothiophenes" data-parent="life-science-products">Benzothiophenes</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/benzoxazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Benzoxazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/carboxylic-acids" data-parent="life-science-products">Carboxylic Acids</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/enzymes-inhibitors" data-parent="life-science-products">Enzymes & Inhibitors</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/esters" data-parent="life-science-products">Esters</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/ethers" data-parent="life-science-products">Ethers</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/fluorinated-building-blocks" data-parent="life-science-products">Fluorinated Building Blocks</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/furans" data-parent="life-science-products">Furans</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/halides" data-parent="life-science-products">Halides</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/imidazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Imidazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/imidazolidines" data-parent="life-science-products">Imidazolidines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/indazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Indazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/indoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Indoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/indolines" data-parent="life-science-products">Indolines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/isoquinolines" data-parent="life-science-products">Isoquinolines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/isoxazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Isoxazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/ketones" data-parent="life-science-products">Ketones</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/morpholines" data-parent="life-science-products">Morpholines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/naphthyridines" data-parent="life-science-products">Naphthyridines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/nitriles" data-parent="life-science-products">Nitriles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/organoboron" data-parent="life-science-products">Organoboron</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/organosilicon" data-parent="life-science-products">Organosilicon</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/oxadiazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Oxadiazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/oxazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Oxazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pharmaceuticals-intermediates" data-parent="life-science-products">Pharmaceuticals & Intermediates</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/phenols" data-parent="life-science-products">Phenols</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/phytochemicals" data-parent="life-science-products">Phytochemicals</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/piperazines" data-parent="life-science-products">Piperazines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/piperidines" data-parent="life-science-products">Piperidines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pyrazines" data-parent="life-science-products">Pyrazines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pyrazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Pyrazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pyridazines" data-parent="life-science-products">Pyridazines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pyridines" data-parent="life-science-products">Pyridines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pyrimidines" data-parent="life-science-products">Pyrimidines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pyrroles" data-parent="life-science-products">Pyrroles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pyrrolidines" data-parent="life-science-products">Pyrrolidines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pyrrolines" data-parent="life-science-products">Pyrrolines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/quinazolines" data-parent="life-science-products">Quinazolines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/quinolines" data-parent="life-science-products">Quinolines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/quinoxalines" data-parent="life-science-products">Quinoxalines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/spiroes" data-parent="life-science-products">Spiroes</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/sulfonyl-chlorides" data-parent="life-science-products">Sulfonyl Chlorides</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/tetrahydroisoquinolines" data-parent="life-science-products">Tetrahydroisoquinolines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/tetrahydropyrans" data-parent="life-science-products">Tetrahydropyrans</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/tetrahydroquinolines" data-parent="life-science-products">Tetrahydroquinolines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/tetrazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Tetrazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/thiadiazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Thiadiazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/thiazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Thiazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/thiazolidines" data-parent="life-science-products">Thiazolidines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/thiols" data-parent="life-science-products">Thiols</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/thiophenes" data-parent="life-science-products">Thiophenes</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/triazines" data-parent="life-science-products">Triazines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/triazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Triazoles</a></div></div><div class="panel panel-ming"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L1" data-target="#company" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">About Us</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div class="panel-body collapse" id="company"> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/company.html" data-parent="#company">Our Company</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/eventspressreleases.html" data-parent="#company">News & Events</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Media.html" data-parent="#company">Media</a></div></div><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/quality-assurance-quality-control" class="ming-link panel-heading ming-L1" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Quality Assurance/Quality Control</span><span class="Arrowhead-Right dropdown-icon notranslate"></span></a> <div class="panel panel-ming"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L1" data-target="#countries" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Locations</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div class="panel-body collapse" id="countries"> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/osterreich.html">Austria</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/belgium.html">Belgium</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/brasil.html">Brazil</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/canada.html">Canada</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/china-hongkong.html">China & Hong Kong</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/ceskarepublika.html">Czech Republic</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/danmark.html">Denmark</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/suomi.html">Finland</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/france.html">France</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/deutschland.html">Germany</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/greece.html">Greece</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/magyarorszag.html">Hungary</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/india.html">India</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/indonesia.html">Indonesia</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/israel.html">Israel</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/italia.html">Italy</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/japan.html">Japan</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/malaysia.html">Malaysia</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/mexico.html">Mexico</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/nederland.html">Netherlands</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/norge.html">Norway</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/philippines.html">Philippines</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/polska.html">Poland</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/portugal.html">Portugal</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/russia.html">Russia</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/singapore.html">Singapore</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/korea.html">South Korea</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/espana.html">Spain</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/sverige.html">Sweden</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/switzerland.html">Switzerland</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/taiwan.html">Taiwan</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/thailand.html">Thailand</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/turkiye.html">Turkey</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/united-kingdom.html">United Kingdom</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/">United States</a></div></div><div class="panel panel-ming"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L1" data-target="#industries" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Industries</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div class="panel-body collapse" id="industries"> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/aerospace-aircraft.html" data-parent="#industries">Aerospace</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/agriculture.html" data-parent="#industries">Agriculture</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/automotive.html" data-parent="#industries">Automotive</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/chemical-manufacturing.html" data-parent="#industries">Chemical Manufacturing</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/defense.html" data-parent="#industries">Defense</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/dentistry.html" data-parent="#industries">Dentistry</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/electronics.html" data-parent="#industries">Electronics</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/energy-storage-batteries.html" data-parent="#industries">Energy Storage & Batteries</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/fine-art-materials" data-parent="#industries">Fine Art Materials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/fuel-cell.html" data-parent="#industries">Fuel Cells</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/fusion-energy" data-parent="#industries">Fusion Energy</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/optical-materials.html" data-parent="#industries">Glass</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/investment-grade-metals.html" data-parent="#industries">Investment Grade Metals</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/jewelry-fashion.html" data-parent="#industries">Jewelry & Fashion</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/optical-materials.html" data-parent="#industries">Lasers</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/lighting.html" data-parent="#industries">Lighting</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/medical-devices.html" data-parent="#industries">Medical Devices</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/museum-gallery-services" data-parent="#industries">Museums & Galleries</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/nuclear-energy.html" data-parent="#industries">Nuclear Energy</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/oil-gas.html" data-parent="#industries">Oil & Gas</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/optical-materials.html" data-parent="#industries">Optics</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/paper-pulp.html" data-parent="#industries">Paper & Pulp</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pharmaceuticals-cosmetics.html" data-parent="#industries">Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/research-laboratory.html" data-parent="#industries">Research & Laboratory</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/robotics" data-parent="#industries">Robotics</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/solar-energy.html" data-parent="#industries">Solar Energy</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/space-industry.html" data-parent="#industries">Space</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/sports-equipment.html" data-parent="#industries">Sports Equipment</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/steel.html" data-parent="#industries">Steel & Alloy Producers</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/textiles-fabrics.html" data-parent="#industries">Textiles & Fabrics</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/water-treatment-chemicals.html" data-parent="#industries">Water Treatment Municipalities</a></div></div><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/services" class="ming-link panel-heading ming-L1" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Services</span><span class="Arrowhead-Right dropdown-icon notranslate"></span></a> <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/safety-data-center" class="panel-heading ming-L1 ming-link" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Safety Data Center</span><span class="sds-icon dropdown-icon notranslate"></span></a><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/research-center" class="panel-heading ming-L1 ming-link" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Research Center</span><span class="Library-Books-24 dropdown-icon notranslate"></span></a> <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/materials-science" class="ming-link panel-heading ming-L1" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Explore Materials Science</span><span class="Arrowhead-Right dropdown-icon notranslate"></span></a> <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/toolbox.html" class="panel-heading ming-L1 ming-link" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Toolbox</span><span class="wrench dropdown-icon notranslate"></span></a> <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/aenotes.html" class="ming-link panel-heading ming-L1" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Materials Science News</span><span class="Arrowhead-Right dropdown-icon notranslate"></span></a><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/quote" class="panel-heading ming-L1 ming-link" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Contact us / Request Quote</span></a> <div class="panel panel-ming"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L1 share-menu" data-target="#share" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Share This Page</span><span class="ming-icon sharepage dropdown-icon"></span></div><div class="panel-body collapse ming-share" id="share"> <a href="mailto:?subject=Citation%20from%20American%20Elements&body=Courtesy%20of%20American%20Elements:%20" class="share ming-link" data-parent="#share">Email <span class="share-icon mail-16"></span></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=via%20%40AmericanElement%3A%20" class="share ming-link" data-parent="#share">Tweet<span class="share-icon twitter-16"></span></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=" class="share ming-link" data-parent="#share">Facebook<span class="share-icon facebook-16"></span></a></div></div><div class="follow-us" data-parent="#ming"> Follow Us <div id="social"><a class="ming-link social twitter" href="https://www.twitter.com/AmericanElement"><span class="sr-only">Twitter</span></a> <a class="ming-link social facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/AmericanElement"><span class="sr-only">Facebook</span></a> <a class="ming-link social linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/american-elements"><span class="sr-only">LinkedIn</span></a> <a class="ming-link social instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/americanelements/"><span class="sr-only">Instagram</span></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="container-fluid" id="main-content"> <div id="page-content">   <div class="banner">  <h1 class="short">Iodine</h1> <span class="element-item2 halogen nonmetal" aria-hidden="true"><span class="symbol2">I</span><span class="number">53</span><span class="weight">126.90447</span></span>  </div>   <div id="element-tabs"> <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-justified" role="tablist"> <li><a href="#about" id="tab1" role="tab" aria-controls="about" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">About Iodine</a></li> <li class="active"><a href="#products" id="tab2" role="tab" aria-controls="products" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">Products</a></li> <li><a href="#properties" id="tab3" role="tab" aria-controls="properties" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">Properties</a></li> <li><a href="#safety" id="tab4" role="tab" aria-controls="safety" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="#isotopes" id="tab5" role="tab" aria-controls="isotopes" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">Isotopes</a></li> </ul> </div>  <div id="content"> <div class="tab-content"> <div class="tab-pane" id="about" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab1"> <h2>About Iodine</h2> <img src="images_graphics/element-bohr-models/iodine-bohr-model.jpg" alt="Iodine Bohr" width="200" height="200" class="image-left" /><p>In the early nineteenth century, <a href="sodium-carbonate-497-19-8">sodium carbonate</a>, used in the production of saltpeter, was frequently extracted from seaweed. The process required drying and burning the seaweed, producing ash that was then washed with water. When this liquid was allowed to evaporate slowly, several useful compounds would precipitate out in sequence. The liquid that remained after the desired precipitates were collect was generally treated with sulfuric acid before disposal. In 1811, a Frenchman named Bernard Courtois accidentally added an excess of sulfuric acid in this final step, and was astonished when this produced a cloud of purple vapor which condensed to form a shiny crystalline substance on cold surfaces. Though he was employed in the production of saltpeter due to his financial circumstances, Courtois had had enough formal chemistry training to realize that his discovery was significant and suspected that he had produced a new element. Lacking the time or resources to study the material further, he passed the material on to two chemist friends, who continued his investigations and published their findings in 1813. More famous chemists quickly confirmed the nature of the substance as a new element, and one, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, suggested the name be derived from <em>iodes</em>, Greek for violet, due to the color of iodine’s vapor.</p> <p>In some ways, iodine mirrors the properties of the lighter members of the halogen family: <a href="fluorine.html">fluorine</a>, <a href="chlorine.html">chlorine</a>, and <a href="bromine.html">bromine</a>. Like the other halogens, iodine in elemental form exists as a diatomic molecule, and its compound with hydrogen, hydroiodic acid, is a strong acid that is a useful chemical reagent, particularly notable for its role in the industrial production of acetic acid. Hydroiodic acid is additionally used to produce other useful iodine compounds, particularly alkyl halides, which are important in organic synthesis. <a href="silver-iodide-7783-96-2">Silver iodides</a>, like the other silver halides, are light-sensitive, a property exploited in film photography. Both bromine and iodine can be used in metal halide and halogen lamps, though designs using iodine are more common. </p> <p>Unlike the other halogens, the heavier iodine is solid at room temperature, and, being less electronegative, is less reactive. This lower reactivity plays a role in making it less toxic in elemental form than the lighter halides--while <a href="fluorine.html">fluorine</a>, <a href="chlorine.html">chlorine</a>, and <a href="bromine.html">bromine</a> cause burns upon contact with tissue, elemental iodine is considered an irritant, and requires prolonged contact with skin to cause significant damage. This allows the use of iodine solutions as topical disinfectants, often used to clean skin prior to surgery. Elemental iodine is not particularly soluble in water, so these solutions typically include solubilizing agents in addition to iodine. An additional unique use of iodine is in various <a href="research-laboratory.html">analytical chemistry</a> procedures, particularly the detection of glucose polymers such as starch. Iodine-impregnated polymer films are used as extremely cost-effective light polarizing <a href="optical-materials.html">optical filters</a> found in products such as LCD screens, sunglasses, and optical microscopes. </p> <p>The other unique applications of iodine relate to its role as an essential nutrient. Iodine is a necessary component of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4, which regulate metabolic rate. Iodine deficiency causes enlargement of the thyroid gland, a condition known as goiter, as well as the myriad symptoms of hypothyroidism. Many populations lack access to sufficient dietary iodine, and many nations now mandate that table salt be treated with iodine salts in order to prevent endemic goiter. This is generally considered one of the simplest and most effective public health measures, as iodine deficiency is a leading cause of intellectual and developmental disabilities.</p> <p>Iodine <a href="chemicals.html">salts</a> are common in nature, but relatively few sources of iodine are useful commercially. The most common source is brines that collect in used oil and gas wells, which may be purified and treated to produce <a href="Iodides.html">iodides</a>. The iodides are then reacted with chlorine to produce the pure element. The only other commercial source of iodine is caliche mineral formations in Chile; these are primarily mined for the extraction of <a href="sodium-nitrate-7631-99-4">sodium nitrate</a>, but <a href="Iodates.html">iodates</a> and iodides are recovered as byproducts. </p> </div> <div class="tab-pane active" id="products" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab2"> <h2>Products</h2> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion"> <div class="panel panel-products"><div class="panel-heading activate-panel active-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#featured-products"><span class="panel-title">Featured High Purity Products</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div id="featured-products" class="panel-body collapse in row"> <ul class="col-sm-4 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="5n-99999-indium-i-iodide-powder-13966-94-4">(5N) 99.999% Indium(I) Iodide Powder</a></li> </ul></div></div> <div class="panel panel-products"><div class="panel-heading activate-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#elemental-iodine"><span class="panel-title">Elemental Forms</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div id="elemental-iodine" class="panel-body collapse row"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="iodine-7553-56-2">Molecular Iodine Crystals / Beads</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <a class="panel-heading activate-panel" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Iodates.html"> <span class="panel-title">Iodates</span> <span class="Arrowhead-Right dropdown-icon"></span> </a> <a class="panel-heading activate-panel" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Iodides.html"> <span class="panel-title">Iodides</span> <span class="Arrowhead-Right dropdown-icon"></span> </a> <div class="panel panel-products"><div class="panel-heading activate-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#organometallic-products"><span class="panel-title">Organometallics</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div id="organometallic-products" class="panel-body collapse row"> <ul class="grid grid2 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="bis-1-4-diazabicyclo-222-octane-tetra-copper-i-iodide-928170-42-7">Bis(1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane)tetra(copper(I) iodide)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="bis-cyclopentadienyl-vanadium-iii-iodide-53291-02-4">Bis(cyclopentadienyl)vanadium(III) Iodide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="bis-n-n-dimethylpiperazine-tetra-copper-i-iodide-1401708-91-5">Bis(N,N'-dimethylpiperazine)tetra[copper(I) iodide]</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="bis-tetrabutylammonium-iodide-copper-i-iodide">Bis[(tetrabutylammonium iodide)copper(I) Iodide]</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="bismuth-oxyiodogallate-138-58-9">Bismuth Oxyiodogallate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="copper-iodide-dimethyl-sulfide-complex-914915-20-1">Copper Iodide Dimethyl Sulfide Complex</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="copper-i-iodide-trimethylphosphite-complex-34836-53-8">Copper(I) Iodide Trimethylphosphite Complex</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="dicarbonylcyclopentadienyliodoiron-ii-12078-28-3">Dicarbonylcyclopentadienyliodoiron(II)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="diiodo-1-5-cyclooctadiene-platinum-ii-12266-72-7">Diiodo(1,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum(II)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="diiodo-bis-diphenylphosphino-ethane-cobalt-ii-34775-39-8">Diiodo(bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane)cobalt(II)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="diiododbis-triphenylphosphinenickel-ii-82308-17-6">Diiododbis(triphenylphosphinenickel(II)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="diiodo-p-cymene-ruthenium-ii-dimer-90614-07-6">Diiodo(p-cymene)ruthenium(II) Dimer</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="diiodo-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-iridium-iii-dimer-33040-12-9">Diiodo(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)iridium(III) dimer</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="ethylenediamine-iodoplatinum-ii-dimer-dinitrate-109998-76-7">(Ethylenediamine)iodoplatinum(II) Dimer Dinitrate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="ferrocenylmethyl-trimethylammonium-iodide-12086-40-7">(Ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium Iodide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="formamidinium-iodide-879643-71-7">Formamidinium Iodide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="formamidinium-lead-iodide-1451592-07-6">Formamidinium Lead Iodide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="iodobis-indenyl-vanadium-iii-108150-19-2">Iodobis(indenyl)vanadium(III)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="iododioxobis-triphenylphosphine-rhenium-v-23032-93-1">Iododioxobis(triphenylphosphine)rhenium(V)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="iodo-triethyl-phosphite-copper-i-51717-23-8">Iodo(triethyl phosphite)copper(I)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="iodotrimethylplatinum-iv-14364-93-3">Iodotrimethylplatinum(IV)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="iodo-trimethylphosphite-copper-i-34836-53-8">Iodo(trimethylphosphite)copper(I)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="methylammonium-triiodoplumbate-ii-precursor-69507-98-8">Methylammonium Triiodoplumbate(II)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="methylammonium-chlorodiiodoplumbate-ii-precursor-1446121-07-8">Methylammonium Chlorodiiodoplumbate(II)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="methylmercury-ii-iodide-143-36-2">Methylmercury(II) Iodide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="methyltriphenylarsonium-iodide-1499-33-8">Methyltriphenylarsonium Iodide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="phenyltrimethylammonium-iodide-98-04-4">Phenyltrimethylammonium Iodide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="r-r-1-5-diaza-cis-decalin-copper-hydroxide-iodide-hydrate">[(R,R)-1,5-Diaza-cis-decalin]copper Hydroxide Iodide Hydrate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="tetrabutylammonium-diiodoaurate-50481-03-3">Tetrabutylammonium Diiodoaurate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="tetrabutylammonium-iodide-311-28-4">Tetrabutylammonium Iodide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="trans-4-2-1-ferrocenyl-vinyl-1-methylpyridinium-iodide-33197-77-2">trans-4-[2-(1-Ferrocenyl)vinyl]-1-methylpyridinium Iodide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="tributyltin-iodide-7342-47-4">Tributyltin Iodide</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-products"><div class="panel-heading activate-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#semiconductor-optical-products"><span class="panel-title">Semiconductor & Optical</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div id="semiconductor-optical-products" class="panel-body collapse row"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="antimony-sulfoiodide-13816-38-1">Antimony Sulfoiodide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="bitei-crystal">BiTeI Crystal</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="cesium-iodide-activated-by-sodium-99749-25-4">Cesium Iodide, activated by Sodium</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="cesium-iodide-activated-by-thallium">Cesium Iodide, activated by Thallium</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="cesium-iodide-windows-7789-17-5">Cesium Iodide Windows</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="germanium-ii-iodide-13573-08-5">Germanium(II) Iodide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="germanium-iv-iodide-13450-95-8">Germanium(IV) Iodide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="krs-5-thallium-bromoiodide">KRS-5 Thallium Bromoiodide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="lithium-iodate-13765-03-2">Lithium Iodate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="perovskite-quantum-dots">Perovskite Quantum Dots</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="strontium-iodide-europium-doped-10476-86-5">Strontium Iodide, Europium-doped</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="thallium-doped-sodium-iodide">Thallium doped Sodium Iodide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="tungsten-iv-disulfide-iodine-intercalated">Tungsten(IV) Disulfide, Iodine Intercalated</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-products"><div class="panel-heading activate-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#other-iodine-products"><span class="panel-title">Other Iodine Compounds</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div id="other-iodine-products" class="panel-body collapse row"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="2-amino-6-iodopurine-19690-23-4">2-Amino-6-Iodopurine</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="4-amino-3-iodobenzoic-acid-2122-63-6">4-Amino-3-Iodobenzoic Acid</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="4-amino-3-iodo-1h-pyrazolo-3-4-d-pyrimidine-151266-23-8">4-Amino-3-Iodo-1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-d]Pyrimidine</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="bis-trifluoroacetoxy-iodo-benzene-2712-78-9">[Bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="chloroiodomethane-593-71-5">Chloroiodomethane</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="diacetoxyiodo-benzene-3240-34-4">(Diacetoxyiodo)benzene</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="iodic-acid-7782-68-5">Iodic Acid</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="iodine-chloride-7790-99-0">Iodine Chloride</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="iodine-monobromide-7789-33-5">Iodine Monobromide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="iodine-oxide-12029-98-0">Iodine Oxide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="iodine-phosphide-12125-09-6">Iodine Phosphide </a></li> <li class="product"><a href="iodine-trichloride-865-44-1">Iodine Trichloride</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="iodomethane-74-88-4">Iodomethane</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="periodic-acid-10450-60-9">Periodic Acid</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="propidium-iodide-solution-25535-16-4">Propidium Iodide Solution</a> <li class="product"><a href="tetraiodoethylene-513-92-8">Tetraiodoethylene</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="tetraiodomethane-507-25-5">Tetraiodomethane</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="openclose"> <div class="openall">+ Open All</div> <div class="closeall">- Close All</div> </div> </div> <div id="products-intro"> <p> Iodine forms compounds with many elements, but is less reactive than the other halogens. Iodine is only slightly soluble in water. It dissolves readily in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, or carbon disulfide to form purple solutions. Iodine compounds are important in organic chemistry and very useful in medicine. <a href="ki.html">Potassium iodide</a> is used in photography. </p> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="properties" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab3"> <h2>Iodine Properties</h2> <img src="iodine-block.png" alt="Iodine(I) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbol" width="38" height="40" class="image-left"><p><img src="iodine-bohr.jpg" alt="Iodine Bohr Model" width="200" height="200" class="image-right" />In its elemental form, CAS 7553-56-2, iodine has a lustrous metallic gray appearance as a solid. As a gas it has a violet appearance. Iodine is found mainly as the water-soluble iodide I<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>. Iodine was discovered and first isolated by Bernard Courtois in 1811.</p> <div id="table-wrapper"> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion2"> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#general-properties">General Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="general-properties"> <table class="table properties-table" > <tr> <th id="symbol">Symbol:</th> <td>I</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-number">Atomic Number:</th> <td>53</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-weight">Atomic Weight:</th> <td>126.9</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="element-category">Element Category:</th> <td>halogen</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="group-period-block">Group, Period, Block:</th> <td>17 (halogens), 5, p</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="color">Color:</th> <td>violet-dark gray, lustrous/ bluish-black solid, purple vapor</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="other-names">Other Names:</th> <td>Jod, Iodio</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#physical-properties">Physical Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div id="physical-properties" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <table class="properties-table table"> <tr> <th id="melting-point">Melting Point:</th> <td>113.7°C, 236.66°F, 386.85 K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="boiling-point">Boiling Point:</th> <td>184.4°C, 363.92°F, 457.55 K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density">Density:</th> <td>4953 kg·m<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="liquid-density">Liquid Density @ Melting Point:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density-20-degrees-C">Density @ 20°C:</th> <td>4.93 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="solid-density">Density of Solid:</th> <td>4940 kg·m<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="specific-heat">Specific Heat:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="superconductivity-temperature">Superconductivity Temperature:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="triple-point">Triple Point:</th> <td>386.65 K, 12.07 kPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="critical-point">Critical Point:</th> <td>819 K, 11.7 Mpa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="fusion-heat">Heat of Fusion (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>15.27</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vaporization-heat">Heat of Vaporization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>41.67</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomization-heat">Heat of Atomization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>107.24</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-conductivity">Thermal Conductivity:</th> <td>0.449 W·m<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-expansion">Thermal Expansion:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electrical-resistivity">Electrical Resistivity:</th> <td>(0 °C) 1.3×107nΩ·m</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="tensile-strength">Tensile Strength:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="molar-heat-capacity">Molar Heat Capacity:</th> <td>(I2) 54.44 J·mol<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="youngs-modulus">Young's Modulus:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="shear-modulus">Shear Modulus:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="bulk-modulus">Bulk Modulus:</th> <td>7.7 GPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="poisson-ratio">Poisson Ratio:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mohs-hardness">Mohs Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vickers-hardness">Vickers Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="brinell-hardness">Brinell Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="speed-of-sound">Speed of Sound:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electronegativity">Pauling Electronegativity:</th> <td>2.66</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="sanderson-electronegativity">Sanderson Electronegativity:</th> <td>2.78</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allerd-rochow-electronegativity">Allred Rochow Electronegativity:</th> <td>2.21</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mulliken-jaffe-electronegativity">Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity:</th> <td>2.74 (14.3% s orbital)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allen-electronegativity">Allen Electronegativity:</th> <td>2.359</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electropositivity">Pauling Electropositivity:</th> <td>1.34</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="reflectivity">Reflectivity (%):</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="refractive-index">Refractive Index:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#chemical-properties">Chemical Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div id="chemical-properties" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <table class="properties-table table"> <tr> <th id="electrons">Electrons:</th> <td>53</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="protons">Protons:</th> <td>53</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="neutrons">Neutrons:</th> <td>74</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-configuration">Electron Configuration:</th> <td>[Kr] 4d<sup>10</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 5p<sup>5</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius">Atomic Radius:</th> <td>140 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius-non-bonded">Atomic Radius,<br /> non-bonded (Å):</th> <td>1.98</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius">Covalent Radius:</th> <td>139±3 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius-non-bonded">Covalent Radius (Å):</th> <td>1.36</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="van-der-waals-radius">Van der Waals Radius:</th> <td>198 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="oxidation-states">Oxidation States:</th> <td>5, 7, -1</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="phase">Phase:</th> <td>Solid</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="crystal-structure">Crystal Structure:</th> <td>orthorhombic</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="magnetic-ordering">Magnetic Ordering:</th> <td>diamagnetic</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-affinity">Electron Affinity (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>)</th> <td>295.149</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="1-ionization">1<sup>st</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>1008.4 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="2-ionization">2<sup>nd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>1845.8 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="3-ionization">3<sup>rd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>3184 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion3"> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#identifiers">Identifiers<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="identifiers"> <table class="table properties-table" > <tr> <th id="cas-number">CAS Number:</th> <td>7553-56-2</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="ec-number">EC Number:</th> <td>231-442-4</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mdl-number">MDL Number:</th> <td>MFCD00011355</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="beilstein-number">Beilstein Number:</th> <td>3587194</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="smile-id">SMILES Identifier:</th> <td>[I]</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-id">InChI Identifier:</th> <td>InChI=1S/I</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-key">InChI Key:</th> <td>ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pubchem-cid">PubChem CID:</th> <td>807</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="chemspider-id">ChemSpider ID:</th> <td>4514549</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#abundance">Abundance<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="abundance"> <table class="table properties-table" > <tr> <th class="abundance" id="earth-total">Earth - Total:</th> <td>13.6 ppb </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="mercury-total">Mercury - Total:</th> <td>0.16 ppb </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="venus-total">Venus - Total:</th> <td>14.3 ppb</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-weight">Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by weight:</th> <td>60</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-atoms">Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>2.9</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-weight">Earth - Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by weight:</th> <td>490</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-atoms">Earth - Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>80</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-weight">Sun - Total, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-atoms">Sun - Total, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-weight">Stream, ppb by weight:</th> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-atoms">Stream, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>0.04</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-weight">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by weight:</th> <td>260</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-atoms">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>30</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-weight">Typical Human Body, ppb by weight:</th> <td>200</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-atoms">Typical Human Body, ppb by atom:</th> <td>10 atoms relative to C = 1000000</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-weight">Universe, ppb by weight:</th> <td>1</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-atoms">Universe, ppb by atom:</th> <td>0.01</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#history">History<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="history"> <table class="table properties-table" > <tr> <th id="discovered">Discovered By:</th> <td>Bernard Courtois</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="discovery-date">Discovery Date:</th> <td>1811</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="first-isolation">First Isolation:</th> <td>Bernard Courtois (1811)</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="safety" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab4"> <h2>Health, Safety & Transportation Information for Iodine</h2> <p>Iodine in large amounts is poisonous but in small doses is only slightly toxic. Safety data for Iodine and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the Products tab. The below information applies to elemental (metallic) Iodine. </p> <table class="safety-table"> <thead> <tr> <th colspan="2" id="safety-data">Safety Data</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#signalword" >Signal Word </a></th> <td>Warning</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#hazardstatements" >Hazard Statements </a></th> <td>H312-H332-H400</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="hazard-codes.html#hazardcodes" >Hazard Codes</a></th> <td> Xn,N</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#riskcodes" >Risk Codes </a></th> <td>20/21-50</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#safetyprecautions" >Safety Precautions </a></th> <td>23-25-61 </td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#rtecs" >RTECS Number </a></th> <td> NN1575000 </td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#transportation" >Transport Information</a></th> <td>UN 1759 8/PG 2 </td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#wgk" >WGK Germany </a></th> <td>2</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="hazard-codes.html" >Globally Harmonized System of <br /> Classification and Labelling (GHS) </a></th> <td><a href="hazard-codes.html#exclamation"><img src="exclamation-mark.png" alt="Exclamation Mark-Acute Toxicity " width="44" height="45" /></a> <a href="hazard-codes.html#environment"><img src="environment.png" alt="Environment-Hazardous to the aquatic environment " width="42" height="42" /></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion4"> <div class="panel panel-products"><div class="panel-heading panel-heading-sds activate-panel active-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sds"><span class="panel-title">Review and Print SDS for Elemental Iodine</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div> <div id="sds" class="panel-body collapse in row"> <div class="view view-sds-pane view-id-sds_pane view-display-id-block sds-content view-dom-id-a24f75a233f287b1d31bc161d1b04b5d"> <div class="view-header"> <div class="link-container"> <span class="print_pdf"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/printpdf/iodine-7553-56-2/sds" title="Display a PDF version of this page." class="print-pdf" rel="nofollow">Create Printable PDF</a></span></div> <h2 class="centered">SAFETY DATA SHEET</h2> <div id="sds-date"> <div><strong>Date Created:</strong> 05/15/2015</div> <div><strong>Date Revised:</strong> 05/15/2015</div> </div> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div> <hr><h3>SECTION 1. IDENTIFICATION</h3> <p><strong>Product Name:</strong> Iodine</p> <p><strong>Product Number:</strong> All applicable American Elements product codes, e.g. I-E-02-C, I-E-03-C, I-E-04-C, I-E-05-C </p> <p><strong>CAS #:</strong> 7553-56-2 </p> <p><strong>Relevant identified uses of the substance: </strong> Scientific research and development </p> <p>Supplier details:<br /> American Elements<br /> 1093 Broxton Ave. Suite 2000<br /> Los Angeles, CA 90024<br /> Tel: +1 310-208-0551<br /> Fax: +1 310-208-0351<br /> <br /> Emergency telephone number:<br /> Domestic, North America +1 800-424-9300<br /> International +1 703-527-3887</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION</h3> <p>Classification of the substance or mixture in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)<br /> GHS07<br /> Acute Tox. 4 H312 Harmful in contact with skin.<br /> Acute Tox. 4 H332 Harmful if inhaled.<br /> Hazards not otherwise classified No information known.<br /> Label elements<br /> GHS label elements The product is classified and labeled in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)<br /> Hazard pictograms</p> <div class="ghs-images"><img src="https://www.americanelements.com/exclamation-mark.png" alt="Exclamation Mark - GHS07" width="44" height="45"></div> <p>GHS07<br /> Signal word Warning<br /> Hazard statements<br /> H312+H332 Harmful in contact with skin or if inhaled.<br /> Precautionary statements<br /> P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.<br /> P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.<br /> P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.<br /> P312 Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/…/if you feel unwell.<br /> P363 Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.<br /> P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations.<br /> WHMIS classification<br /> D1B - Toxic material causing immediate and serious toxic effects<br /> E - Corrosive material<br /> Classification system<br /> HMIS ratings (scale 0-4)<br /> (Hazardous Materials Identification System)<br /> HEALTH<br /> FIRE<br /> REACTIVITY<br /> 2<br /> 0 <br /> 2<br /> Health (acute effects) = 2<br /> Flammability = 0<br /> Physical Hazard = 2<br /> Other hazards<br /> Results of PBT and vPvB assessment<br /> PBT: Not applicable.<br /> vPvB: Not applicable.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS</h3> <p>Chemical characterization: Substances<br /> CAS# Description:<br /> 7553-56-2 iodine<br /> Identification number(s):<br /> EC number: 231-442-4<br /> Index number: 053-001-00-3</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 4. FIRST AID MEASURES</h3> <p>Description of first aid measures<br /> After inhalation<br /> Supply fresh air. If required, provide artificial respiration. Keep patient warm.<br /> Seek immediate medical advice.<br /> After skin contact<br /> Immediately wash with water and soap and rinse thoroughly.<br /> Seek immediate medical advice.<br /> After eye contact Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. Then consult a doctor.<br /> After swallowing Seek medical treatment.<br /> Information for doctor<br /> Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed No further relevant information available.<br /> Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 5. FIREFIGHTING MEASURES </h3> <p>Extinguishing media<br /> Suitable extinguishing agents Product is not flammable. Use fire-fighting measures that suit the surrounding fire.<br /> Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture<br /> This substance is an oxidizer and its heat of reaction with reducing agents or combustibles may cause ignition.<br /> If this product is involved in a fire, the following can be released:<br /> Hydrogen iodide (HI)<br /> Advice for firefighters<br /> Protective equipment:<br /> Wear self-contained respirator.<br /> Wear fully protective impervious suit.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES </h3> <p>Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures<br /> Wear protective equipment. Keep unprotected persons away.<br /> Ensure adequate ventilation<br /> Environmental precautions: Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.<br /> Methods and material for containment and cleaning up:<br /> Dispose of contaminated material as waste according to section 13.<br /> Ensure adequate ventilation.<br /> Prevention of secondary hazards: No special measures required.<br /> Reference to other sections<br /> See Section 7 for information on safe handling<br /> See Section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.<br /> See Section 13 for disposal information.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE </h3> <p>Handling<br /> Precautions for safe handling<br /> Keep container tightly sealed.<br /> Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.<br /> Ensure good ventilation at the workplace.<br /> Information about protection against explosions and fires:<br /> This substance is an oxidizer and its heat of reaction with reducing agents or combustibles may cause ignition.<br /> Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities<br /> Storage<br /> Requirements to be met by storerooms and receptacles: No special requirements.<br /> Information about storage in one common storage facility:<br /> Do not store with organic materials.<br /> Store away from reducing agents.<br /> Alkali metals<br /> Store away from metal powders.<br /> Further information about storage conditions:<br /> Keep container tightly sealed.<br /> Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.<br /> Specific end use(s) No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION </h3> <p>Additional information about design of technical systems:<br /> Properly operating chemical fume hood designed for hazardous chemicals and having an average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute.<br /> Control parameters<br /> Components with limit values that require monitoring at the workplace:<br /> 7553-56-2 iodine (100.0%)<br /> PEL (USA) Ceiling limit value: 1 mg/m³, 0.1 ppm<br /> REL (USA) Ceiling limit value: 1 mg/m³, 0.1 ppm<br /> TLV (USA) Short-term value: 1 mg/m³, 0.1** ppm<br /> Long-term value: 0.1* mg/m³, 0.01* ppm<br /> *as inhalable fraction and vapor;**vapor<br /> EL (Canada) Short-term value: C 0.1 ppm<br /> Additional information: No data<br /> Exposure controls<br /> Personal protective equipment<br /> General protective and hygienic measures<br /> The usual precautionary measures for handling chemicals should be followed.<br /> Keep away from foodstuffs, beverages and feed.<br /> Remove all soiled and contaminated clothing immediately.<br /> Wash hands before breaks and at the end of work.<br /> Do not inhale gases / fumes / aerosols.<br /> Avoid contact with the eyes and skin.<br /> Maintain an ergonomically appropriate working environment.<br /> Breathing equipment: Use suitable respirator when high concentrations are present.<br /> Recommended filter device for short term use:<br /> Use a respirator with type P100 (USA) or P3 (EN 143) cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. Risk assessment should be performed to determine if airpurifying<br /> respirators are appropriate. Only use equipment tested and approved under appropriate government standards.<br /> Protection of hands:<br /> Impervious gloves<br /> Check protective gloves prior to each use for their proper condition.<br /> The selection of suitable gloves not only depends on the material, but also on quality. Quality will vary from manufacturer to manufacturer.<br /> Material of gloves Nitrile rubber, NBR<br /> Penetration time of glove material (in minutes) 480<br /> Glove thickness 0.11 mm<br /> Eye protection: Safety glasses<br /> Body protection: Protective work clothing.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES</h3> <p>Information on basic physical and chemical properties<br /> General Information<br /> Appearance:<br /> Form: Various forms (powder/flake/crystalline/beads, etc.)<br /> Color: Bluish-black<br /> Odor: Irritating<br /> Odor threshold: Not determined.<br /> pH-value: Not applicable.<br /> Change in condition<br /> Melting point/Melting range: Not determined<br /> Boiling point/Boiling range: 183-186 °C (361-367 °F) (subl)<br /> Sublimation temperature / start: Not determined<br /> Flammability (solid, gaseous) Not determined.<br /> Ignition temperature: Not determined<br /> Decomposition temperature: Not determined<br /> Auto igniting: Not determined.<br /> Danger of explosion: Product does not present an explosion hazard.<br /> Explosion limits:<br /> Lower: Not determined<br /> Upper: Not determined<br /> Vapor pressure at 20 °C (68 °F): 0.35 hPa<br /> Density at 20 °C (68 °F): 4.93 g/cm³ (41.141 lbs/gal)<br /> Relative density Not determined.<br /> Vapor density Not applicable.<br /> Evaporation rate Not applicable.<br /> Solubility in / Miscibility with<br /> Water at 20 °C (68 °F): 0.34 g/l<br /> Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not determined.<br /> Viscosity:<br /> dynamic: Not applicable.<br /> kinematic: Not applicable.<br /> Other information No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY </h3> <p>Reactivity No information known.<br /> Chemical stability Stable under recommended storage conditions.<br /> Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided: Decomposition will not occur if used and stored according to specifications.<br /> Possibility of hazardous reactions No dangerous reactions known<br /> Conditions to avoid No further relevant information available.<br /> Incompatible materials:<br /> Reducing agents<br /> Alkali metals<br /> Organic materials<br /> Metal powders<br /> Hazardous decomposition products: Hydrogen iodide (HI)</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION </h3> <p>Information on toxicological effects<br /> Acute toxicity:<br /> Harmful if inhaled.<br /> Harmful in contact with skin.<br /> Danger through skin absorption.<br /> The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains acute toxicity data for this substance.<br /> LD/LC50 values that are relevant for classification:<br /> Oral LD50 22 gm/kg (mouse)<br /> 14 gm/kg (rat)<br /> 10 gm/kg (rabbit)<br /> Skin irritation or corrosion: Corrosive effect on skin and mucous membranes.<br /> Eye irritation or corrosion: Strong corrosive effect.<br /> Sensitization: No sensitizing effects known.<br /> Germ cell mutagenicity: No effects known.<br /> Carcinogenicity:<br /> ACGIH A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen: Inadequate data on which to classify the agent in terms of its carcinogenicity in humans and/or animals.<br /> Reproductive toxicity: The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains reproductive data for this substance.<br /> Specific target organ system toxicity - repeated exposure: No effects known.<br /> Specific target organ system toxicity - single exposure: No effects known.<br /> Aspiration hazard: No effects known.<br /> Subacute to chronic toxicity: The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains multiple dose toxicity data for this substance.<br /> Additional toxicological information:<br /> To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.<br /> Swallowing will lead to a strong corrosive effect on mouth and throat and to the danger of perforation of esophagus and stomach.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION </h3> <p>Toxicity<br /> Aquatic toxicity: No further relevant information available.<br /> Persistence and degradability No further relevant information available.<br /> Bioaccumulative potential No further relevant information available.<br /> Mobility in soil No further relevant information available.<br /> Ecotoxical effects:<br /> Remark: Very toxic for aquatic organisms<br /> Additional ecological information:<br /> General notes:<br /> Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.<br /> Do not allow undiluted product or large quantities to reach ground water, water course or sewage system.<br /> Also poisonous for fish and plankton in water bodies.<br /> Avoid transfer into the environment.<br /> Very toxic for aquatic organisms<br /> Results of PBT and vPvB assessment<br /> PBT: Not applicable.<br /> vPvB: Not applicable.<br /> Other adverse effects No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS </h3> <p>Waste treatment methods<br /> Recommendation Consult state, local or national regulations to ensure proper disposal.<br /> Uncleaned packagings:<br /> Recommendation: Disposal must be made according to official regulations.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION </h3> <p>UN-Number<br /> DOT, IMDG, IATA UN3495<br /> UN proper shipping name<br /> DOT Iodine<br /> IMDG, IATA IODINE<br /> Transport hazard class(es)<br /> DOT<br /> Class 8 Corrosive substances.<br /> Label 8+6.1<br /> Class 8 (CT2) Corrosive substances<br /> Label 8+6.1<br /> IMDG, IATA<br /> Class 8 Corrosive substances.<br /> Label 8+6.1<br /> Packing group<br /> DOT, IMDG, IATA III<br /> Environmental hazards: Environmentally hazardous substance, solid<br /> Special precautions for user Warning: Corrosive substances<br /> EMS Number: F-A,S-B<br /> Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL73/78 and the IBC Code Not applicable.<br /> Transport/Additional information:<br /> DOT<br /> Marine Pollutant (DOT): No<br /> UN "Model Regulation": UN3495, Iodine, 8 (6.1), III</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION </h3> <p>Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture<br /> GHS label elements The product is classified and labeled in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)<br /> Hazard pictograms<br /> GHS07<br /> Signal word Warning<br /> Hazard statements<br /> H312+H332 Harmful in contact with skin or if inhaled.<br /> Precautionary statements<br /> P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.<br /> P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.<br /> P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.<br /> P312 Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/…/if you feel unwell.<br /> P363 Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.<br /> P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations.<br /> National regulations<br /> All components of this product are listed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical substance Inventory.<br /> All components of this product are listed on the Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL).<br /> SARA Section 313 (specific toxic chemical listings) Substance is not listed.<br /> California Proposition 65<br /> Prop 65 - Chemicals known to cause cancer Substance is not listed.<br /> Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity Substance is not listed.<br /> Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, female Substance is not listed.<br /> Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, male Substance is not listed.<br /> Information about limitation of use: For use only by technically qualified individuals.<br /> Other regulations, limitations and prohibitive regulations<br /> Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) according to the REACH Regulations (EC) No. 1907/2006. Substance is not listed.<br /> The conditions of restrictions according to Article 67 and Annex XVII of the Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) for the manufacturing, placing on the<br /> market and use must be observed.<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> Annex XIV of the REACH Regulations (requiring Authorisation for use) Substance is not listed.<br /> Chemical safety assessment: A Chemical Safety Assessment has not been carried out.</p> <hr><h3>16. OTHER INFORMATION</h3> <p>Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH). The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product. American Elements shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. See reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional terms and conditions of sale. COPYRIGHT 1997-2016 AMERICAN ELEMENTS. LICENSED GRANTED TO MAKE UNLIMITED PAPER COPIES FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. </p> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="isotopes" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab5"> <h2>Iodine Isotopes</h2> <p>Iodine has one stable isotope: <sup>127</sup>I.</p> <table class="isotopes-table"> <tr> <th scope="col" id="nuclide">Nuclide</th> <th scope="col" id="mass">Isotopic Mass</th> <th scope="col" id="half-life">Half-Life</th> <th scope="col" id="decay">Mode of Decay</th> <th scope="col" id="nuclear-spin">Nuclear Spin</th> <th scope="col" id="magnetic-moment">Magnetic Moment</th> <th scope="col" id="binding-energy">Binding Energy (MeV)</th> <th scope="col" id="natural-abundance">Natural Abundance<br /> (% by atom)</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>108</sup>I</th> <td>107.94348(39)#</td> <td>36(6) ms</td> <td>a to <sup>104</sup>Sb; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>108</sup>Te; p to <sup>107</sup>Te</td> <td>(1)#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>868.93</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>109</sup>I</th> <td>108.93815(11)</td> <td>103(5) µs</td> <td>p to <sup>108</sup>Te; a to <sup>105</sup>Sb</td> <td>(5/2+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>886.32</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>110</sup>I</th> <td>109.93524(33)#</td> <td>650(20) ms</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>110</sup>Te; a to <sup>106</sup>Sb; ß<sup>+</sup> + p to <sup>109</sup>Sb; ß<sup>+</sup> + a to <sup>106</sup>Sn</td> <td>1+#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>894.4</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>111</sup>I</th> <td>110.93028(32)#</td> <td>2.5(2) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>111</sup>Te; a to <sup>107</sup>Sb</td> <td>(5/2+)#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>902.48</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>112</sup>I</th> <td>111.92797(23)#</td> <td>3.42(11) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>112</sup>Te; ß<sup>+</sup> + p to <sup>111</sup>Sb; ß<sup>+</sup> + a to <sup>108</sup>Sn; a to <sup>108</sup>Sb </td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>919.88</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>113</sup>I</th> <td>112.92364(6)</td> <td>6.6(2) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>113</sup>Te; a to <sup>109</sup>Sb; ß<sup>+</sup> + a to <sup>109</sup>Sn</td> <td>5/2+#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>927.96</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>114</sup>I</th> <td>113.92185(32)#</td> <td>2.1(2) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>114</sup>Te</td> <td>1+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>936.03</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>115</sup>I</th> <td>114.91805(3)</td> <td>1.3(2) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>115</sup>Te</td> <td>(5/2+)#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>953.43</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>116</sup>I</th> <td>115.91681(10)</td> <td>2.91(15) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>116</sup>Te</td> <td>1+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>961.51</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>117</sup>I</th> <td>116.91365(3)</td> <td>2.22(4) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>117</sup>Te</td> <td>(5/2)+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>969.59</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>118</sup>I</th> <td>117.913074(21)</td> <td>13.7(5) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>118</sup>Te</td> <td>2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>977.66</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>119</sup>I</th> <td>118.91007(3)</td> <td>19.1(4) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>119</sup>Te</td> <td>5/2+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>985.74</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>120</sup>I</th> <td>119.910048(19)</td> <td>81.6(2) min</td> <td>EC to <sup>120</sup>Te</td> <td>2-</td> <td>1.23</td> <td>993.82</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>121</sup>I</th> <td>120.907367(11)</td> <td>2.12(1) h</td> <td>EC to <sup>121</sup>Te</td> <td>5/2+</td> <td>2.3</td> <td>1011.22</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>122</sup>I</th> <td>121.907589(6)</td> <td>3.63(6) min</td> <td>EC to <sup>122</sup>Te</td> <td>1+</td> <td>0.94</td> <td>1019.3</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>123</sup>I</th> <td>122.905589(4)</td> <td>13.2235(19) h</td> <td>EC to <sup>123</sup>Te</td> <td>5/2+</td> <td>2.82</td> <td>1027.37</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>124</sup>I</th> <td>123.9062099(25)</td> <td>4.1760(3) d</td> <td>EC to <sup>124</sup>Te</td> <td>2-</td> <td>1.44</td> <td>1035.45</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>125</sup>I</th> <td>124.9046302(16)</td> <td>59.400(10) d</td> <td>EC to <sup>125</sup>Te</td> <td>5/2+</td> <td>2.82</td> <td>1043.53</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>126</sup>I</th> <td>125.905624(4)</td> <td>12.93(5) d</td> <td>EC to <sup>126</sup>Te; ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>126</sup>Xe</td> <td>2-</td> <td>1.44</td> <td>1051.61</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>127</sup>I</th> <td>126.904473(4)</td> <td>STABLE</td> <td>-</td> <td>5/2+</td> <td>2.81328</td> <td>1059.69</td> <td>100</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>128</sup>I</th> <td>127.905809(4)</td> <td>24.99(2) min</td> <td>EC to <sup>128</sup>Te; ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>128</sup>Xe</td> <td>1+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1067.77</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>129</sup>I</th> <td>128.904988(3)</td> <td>1.57(4)E+7 y</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>129</sup>Xe</td> <td>7/2+</td> <td>2.621</td> <td>1075.85</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>130</sup>I</th> <td>129.906674(3)</td> <td>12.36(1) h</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>130</sup>Xe</td> <td>5+</td> <td>3.35</td> <td>1083.93</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>131</sup>I</th> <td>130.9061246(12)</td> <td>8.02070(11) d</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>131</sup>Xe</td> <td>7/2+</td> <td>2.742</td> <td>1092</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>132</sup>I</th> <td>131.907997(6)</td> <td>2.295(13) h</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>132</sup>Xe</td> <td>4+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1100.08</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>133</sup>I</th> <td>132.907797(5)</td> <td>20.8(1) h</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>133</sup>Xe</td> <td>7/2+</td> <td>2.86</td> <td>1108.16</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>134</sup>I</th> <td>133.909744(9)</td> <td>52.5(2) min</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>134</sup>Xe</td> <td>(4)+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1116.24</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>135</sup>I</th> <td>134.910048(8)</td> <td>6.57(2) h</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>135</sup>Xe</td> <td>7/2+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1115</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>136</sup>I</th> <td>135.91465(5)</td> <td>83.4(10) s</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>136</sup>Xe</td> <td>(1-)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1123.08</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>137</sup>I</th> <td>136.917871(30)</td> <td>24.13(12) s</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>136</sup>Xe; ß<sup>-</sup> + n to <sup>135</sup>Xe</td> <td>(7/2+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1131.16</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>138</sup>I</th> <td>137.92235(9)</td> <td>6.23(3) s</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>137</sup>Xe; ß<sup>-</sup> + n to <sup>136</sup>Xe</td> <td>(2-)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1129.92</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>139</sup>I</th> <td>138.92610(3)</td> <td>2.282(10) s</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>138</sup>Xe; ß<sup>-</sup> + n to <sup>139</sup>Xe</td> <td>7/2+#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1138</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>140</sup>I</th> <td>139.93100(21)#</td> <td>860(40) ms</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>139</sup>Xe; ß<sup>-</sup> + n to <sup>140</sup>Xe</td> <td>(3)(-#)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1136.76</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>141</sup>I</th> <td>140.93503(21)#</td> <td>430(20) ms</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>140</sup>Xe; ß<sup>-</sup> + n to <sup>141</sup>Xe</td> <td>7/2+#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1144.84</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>142</sup>I</th> <td>141.94018(43)#</td> <td>~200 ms</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>141</sup>Xe; ß<sup>-</sup> + n to <sup>142</sup>Xe</td> <td>2-#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1143.6</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>143</sup>I</th> <td>142.94456(43)#</td> <td>100# ms [>300 ns]</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>143</sup>Xe</td> <td>7/2+#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1151.68</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>144</sup>I</th> <td>143.94999(54)#</td> <td>50# ms [>300 ns]</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>144</sup>Xe</td> <td>1-#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1159.76</td> <td>-</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.americanelements.com/css/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js"></script> <script src="https://www.americanelements.com/css/slippry.min.js"></script> <div class="scrollup">^</div> </div> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $(window).scroll(function () { if ($(this).scrollTop() > 350) { $('.scrollup').fadeIn(500); } else { $('.scrollup').fadeOut(); } }); $('.scrollup').click(function () { $("html, body").animate({ scrollTop: 0 }, 400); return false; }); $(window).scroll(function() { clearTimeout($.data(this, 'scrollTimer')); $.data(this, 'scrollTimer', setTimeout(function() { $('.scrollup').fadeOut(); }, 600)); }); }); </script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function(){ jQuery('.bxslider').slippry({ autoDelay: '0', pause:"5000", autoHover: false, transition: 'horizontal', adaptiveHeight: 'false' }); }); </script> <div class="sponsored-conference"> <a href="https://events.techconnect.org/DTCFall/" aria-label="logo" title="Defense TechConnect Innovation Summit"><div class="sponsored-conference-graphic"></div></a> <div class="sponsored-conference-text"> <div class="sponsored-conference-text"> Please join us and our customers and co-sponsors Lockheed Martin & Northrop Grumman at the <a href="https://events.techconnect.org/DTCFall/">Defense TechConnect Innovation Summit</a> in Austin, Texas on December 3, 2024. </div> </div> <div id="footer"> Periodic table of the elements, materials science and academic information, elements and advanced materials data, scientific presentations and all pages, designs, concepts, logos, and color schemes herein are the copyrighted proprietary rights and intellectual property of American Elements. American Elements is a U.S. Registered Trademark. © 1997-2024 American Elements. All rights reserved.</div> </body> </html>