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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Minnie M. Kenny</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Minnie_M._Kenny.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Minnie_M._Kenny.JPG" decoding="async" width="181" height="231" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="181" data-file-height="231" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Minnie McNeal</div><br />1929<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 17, 2005<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Maryland" title="Columbia, Maryland">Columbia, Maryland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Minnie M. Kenny</b> (1929–August 17, 2005) was a <a href="/wiki/Cryptanalyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptanalyst">cryptanalyst</a>, educator and <a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">equal opportunity</a> activist who worked at the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a> (NSA). She served as deputy commandant at the <a href="/wiki/National_Cryptologic_School" class="mw-redirect" title="National Cryptologic School">National Cryptologic School</a> and was responsible for creating scholarships for NSA employees. The recipient of numerous awards, including the Meritorious and the Exceptional Civilian Service Awards, the presidential Meritorious Executive Award and Distinguished Service Award of the CIA, Kenny was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/NSA_Hall_of_Honor" title="NSA Hall of Honor">Cryptologic Hall of Honor</a> in 2009. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minnie_M._Kenny&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Minnie McNeal was born in 1929 in Philadelphia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoelofsma2005_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoelofsma2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After graduating from the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_High_School_for_Girls" title="Philadelphia High School for Girls">Philadelphia High School for Girls</a>, she worked for the Philadelphia Commerce Department and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D._C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, D. C.">Washington, D. C.</a>, before being hired in 1951 to work at <a href="/wiki/Arlington_Hall" title="Arlington Hall">Arlington Hall</a> for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Security_Agency" title="United States Army Security Agency">Army Security Agency</a>. She was part of the first group of <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> who were allowed to work upstairs in the Operations Division, out of the basement, and was assigned to the 'U' Street School for training.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200134_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200134-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After her training and the change of the organization from military footing to the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a> in 1952, McNeal was assigned as a communications clerk to the ALLO (All Other (non-Soviet)) linguistics unit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Security_Agency1/2009_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Security_Agency1/2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was particularly well known for her expertise in cryptanalysis, language and traffic analysis and worked with an elite "think tank" at NSA, to develop programs for <a href="/wiki/Cryptanalysis" title="Cryptanalysis">cryptanalysis</a> and language, serving as chair of the agency's Language Panel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Security_Agency12/2009_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Security_Agency12/2009-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1972, McNeal married Herbert Cornelius Kenny, one of the singers of <a href="/wiki/The_Ink_Spots" title="The Ink Spots">The Ink Spots</a>, with whom she had a daughter Daphne.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Washington_Post''1992_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Washington_Post''1992-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973, Kenny became the founding editor of NSA's Group B journal <i>Dragon Seeds</i> and pressed for each cryptanalyst to have their own personal computer as a necessary tool.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenny197811_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenny197811-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1975 to 1981, she served in the Office of Techniques and Standards of the NSA, as the chief of the language and linguistics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1993_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1993-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1980, she was the recipient of the Meritorious Civilian Service Award.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Security_Agency1/2009_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Security_Agency1/2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in 1982,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1993_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1993-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kenny served as deputy commandant at the National Cryptologic School,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Security_Agency12/2009_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Security_Agency12/2009-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and worked with traditional Black colleges and universities to increase diversity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoelofsma2005_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoelofsma2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She introduced computer-assisted teaching techniques and founded the Computer Assisted Learning and Instruction Consortium (CALICO) to bring professional language teachers and those who use language together in an international association.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1993_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1993-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1984, Kenny was awarded a second civilian honor, the Exceptional Civilian Service Award by the NSA and both presidents <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> awarded her with the Meritorious Executive Award. After a decade working to improve the school, Kenny served on the Department of Defense Congressional Task Force on Women, Minorities, and the Handicapped in Science and Technology and as the NSA Director for Equal Employment Opportunity, before her 1993 retirement. She was a recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>'s Distinguished Service Award.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Security_Agency1/2009_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Security_Agency1/2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kenny then served as a Congressional Fellow<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (November 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> on the staff of Congressman <a href="/wiki/Louis_Stokes" title="Louis Stokes">Louis Stokes</a> and worked on the drafting of the Underground Railroad Act<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoelofsma2005_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoelofsma2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of 1997, which was designed to preserve and protect the history of significant buildings associated with the <a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">historic organization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarkin1997_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarkin1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kenny died August 17, 2005, in <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Maryland" title="Columbia, Maryland">Columbia, Maryland</a>, and was buried at St. John's Cemetery in <a href="/wiki/Ellicott_City,_Maryland" title="Ellicott City, Maryland">Ellicott City, Maryland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Baltimore_Sun''2005_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Baltimore_Sun''2005-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Posthumously, in 2009, she was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/NSA_Hall_of_Honor" title="NSA Hall of Honor">Cryptologic Hall of Honor</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minnie_M._Kenny&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minnie_M._Kenny&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_and_Research">Career and Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minnie_M._Kenny&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career and Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minnie_M._Kenny&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minnie_M._Kenny&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minnie_M._Kenny&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoelofsma2005-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoelofsma2005_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoelofsma2005_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoelofsma2005_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoelofsma2005">Roelofsma 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200134-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200134_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2001">Williams 2001</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Security_Agency1/2009-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Security_Agency1/2009_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Security_Agency1/2009_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Security_Agency1/2009_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNational_Security_Agency1/2009">National Security Agency & 1/2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Security_Agency12/2009-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Security_Agency12/2009_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Security_Agency12/2009_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNational_Security_Agency12/2009">National Security Agency & 12/2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Washington_Post''1992-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Washington_Post''1992_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Washington_Post1992"><i>The Washington Post</i> 1992</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenny197811-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKenny197811_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKenny1978">Kenny 1978</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStokes1993-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1993_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1993_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStokes1993_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStokes1993">Stokes 1993</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarkin1997-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarkin1997_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarkin1997">Larkin 1997</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Baltimore_Sun''2005-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Baltimore_Sun''2005_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Baltimore_Sun2005"><i>The Baltimore Sun</i> 2005</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minnie_M._Kenny&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKenny1978" class="citation journal cs1">Kenny, Minnie, ed. (June 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cryptome.org/2013/03/cryptologs/cryptolog_43.pdf">"Minnie's Mini"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Cryptolog</i>. <b>5</b> (6). Fort George G. Meade, Maryland: National Security Agency<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cryptolog&rft.atitle=Minnie%27s+Mini&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=6&rft.date=1978-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcryptome.org%2F2013%2F03%2Fcryptologs%2Fcryptolog_43.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinnie+M.+Kenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarkin1997" class="citation web cs1">Larkin, Joyce (May 15, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harriettubman.com/stokes.html">"Congressman Stokes Authors Historic Legislation: Establishes National Underground Railroad Network"</a>. Harriet Tubman<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Congressman+Stokes+Authors+Historic+Legislation%3A+Establishes+National+Underground+Railroad+Network&rft.pub=Harriet+Tubman&rft.date=1997-05-15&rft.aulast=Larkin&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.harriettubman.com%2Fstokes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinnie+M.+Kenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoelofsma2005" class="citation journal cs1">Roelofsma, Derk Kinnane, ed. (29 August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afio.com/sections/wins/2005/2005-33.html#MinnieKenney_OBIT">"Obituaries: Minnie McNeal Kenny"</a>. <i>Weekly Intelligence Notes</i>. <b>33</b> (5). Washington, DC: Association of Former Intelligence Officers<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weekly+Intelligence+Notes&rft.atitle=Obituaries%3A+Minnie+McNeal+Kenny&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.date=2005-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afio.com%2Fsections%2Fwins%2F2005%2F2005-33.html%23MinnieKenney_OBIT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinnie+M.+Kenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStokes1993" class="citation web cs1">Stokes, Louis (January 6, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?r103:E06JA3-393:">"A Special Salute to Minnie M. Kenny"</a>. Washington, D. C.: Congressional Record 103rd Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Special+Salute+to+Minnie+M.+Kenny&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.+C.&rft.pub=Congressional+Record+103rd+Congress&rft.date=1993-01-06&rft.aulast=Stokes&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthomas.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fz%3Fr103%3AE06JA3-393%3A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinnie+M.+Kenny" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Williams, Jeannette (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsa.gov/about/_files/cryptologic_heritage/publications/wwii/invisible_cryptologists.pdf"><i>The Invisible Cryptologists: African-Americans, World War II to 1956</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Cryptologic History, Series 5. Vol. The Early Postwar Period, 1945-1952 Volume 5. Researcher: Dickerson, Yolande. Washington, D. C.: Center for Cryptologic History, National Security Agency. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78039-007-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78039-007-9"><bdi>978-1-78039-007-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Invisible+Cryptologists%3A+African-Americans%2C+World+War+II+to+1956&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.+C.&rft.series=United+States+Cryptologic+History%2C+Series+5&rft.pub=Center+for+Cryptologic+History%2C+National+Security+Agency&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-78039-007-9&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Jeannette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsa.gov%2Fabout%2F_files%2Fcryptologic_heritage%2Fpublications%2Fwwii%2Finvisible_cryptologists.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinnie+M.+Kenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Baltimore_Sun2005" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/2005/08/20/kenny-minnie-m/">"Kenny, Minnie M."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Baltimore Sun</a></i>. Baltimore, Maryland. August 20, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160508082944/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2005-08-20/news/0508290631_1_minnie-m-carl-jackson-columbia">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Kenny%2C+Minnie+M.&rft.date=2005-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2F2005%2F08%2F20%2Fkenny-minnie-m%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinnie+M.+Kenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Security_Agency1/2009" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090117031018/http://www.nsa.gov/about/cryptologic_heritage/african_americans/honorees/kenny.shtml">"Cryptologic Pioneers: The African American Experience"</a>. Fort George G. Meade, Maryland: National Security Agency. January 15, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsa.gov/about/cryptologic_heritage/african_americans/honorees/kenny.shtml">the original</a> on January 17, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cryptologic+Pioneers%3A+The+African+American+Experience&rft.place=Fort+George+G.+Meade%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=National+Security+Agency&rft.date=2009-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsa.gov%2Fabout%2Fcryptologic_heritage%2Fafrican_americans%2Fhonorees%2Fkenny.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinnie+M.+Kenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Washington_Post1992" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1992/07/14/herbert-kenny-dies/bd8e7ec5-aa8e-4e77-be00-c0748aeee13d/">"Herbert Kenny Dies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. Washington, D.C. July 14, 1992<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Herbert+Kenny+Dies&rft.date=1992-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flocal%2F1992%2F07%2F14%2Fherbert-kenny-dies%2Fbd8e7ec5-aa8e-4e77-be00-c0748aeee13d%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinnie+M.+Kenny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Security_Agency12/2009" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100128072712/http://www.nsa.gov/about/cryptologic_heritage/hall_of_honor/2009/kenny.shtml">"Minnie M. Kenny: 2009 Inductee"</a>. Fort George G. Meade, Maryland: National Security Agency. December 3, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsa.gov/about/cryptologic_heritage/hall_of_honor/2009/kenny.shtml">the original</a> on January 28, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Minnie+M.+Kenny%3A+2009+Inductee&rft.place=Fort+George+G.+Meade%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=National+Security+Agency&rft.date=2009-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsa.gov%2Fabout%2Fcryptologic_heritage%2Fhall_of_honor%2F2009%2Fkenny.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinnie+M.+Kenny" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minnie_M._Kenny&oldid=1250219824">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minnie_M._Kenny&oldid=1250219824</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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