CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <script src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" data-document-language="true" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="3d8066e6-8b9d-44df-bdfe-fa197dd1cf73" tb-donotmove></script> <script type="text/javascript" tb-donotmove> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://static.techbriefs.com/templates/tb_cmo_2017/icons/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/templates/tb_cmo_2017/icons/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://static.techbriefs.com/templates/tb_cmo_2017/icons/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://static.techbriefs.com/templates/tb_cmo_2017/icons/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/templates/tb_cmo_2017/icons/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/templates/tb_cmo_2017/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#324a98"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/templates/tb_cmo_2017/icons/browserconfig.xml" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://kit.fontawesome.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://kit-pro.fontawesome.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagservices.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.shareaholic.net"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://olytics.omeda.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://px.ads.linkedin.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://snap.licdn.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com"> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="/templates/tb_cmo_2017/css/template.min.css?t=1732180729" integrity="sha512-K26FuLEPyUwYkP20X00ZnEFnfPWvTnNFfxWErl7pCIi2bHy5WpiYx1lJjKVCmzyXV/zV1EqM+1WsGDxZiFfmMQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/cloudinary-core/2.13.1/cloudinary-core-shrinkwrap.min.js" integrity="sha512-stp48jOOmT4TXnB4bMJ0rlcR7XagE92cqr7pEb+oFQox6qNSyKiN31GajDsg5VVn+HgM5mhOZinSRXowsRmgPg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://kit.fontawesome.com/e04325f501.js" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/masonry/4.2.2/masonry.pkgd.min.js" integrity="sha512-JRlcvSZAXT8+5SQQAvklXGJuxXTouyq8oIMaYERZQasB8SBDHZaUbeASsJWpk0UUrf89DP3/aefPPrlMR1h1yQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/lazysizes.min.js" integrity="sha512-q583ppKrCRc7N5O0n2nzUiJ+suUv7Et1JGels4bXOaMFQcamPk9HjdUknZuuFjBNs7tsMuadge5k9RzdmO+1GQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/plugins/print/ls.print.min.js" integrity="sha512-tY3D/iSWSdQE2NSLW/mRWQd/bvHAGjyCLRwSd23sqNbbgVnUaah2t+ZpX7hdBOskZ7PqYvwe4E+qxNARGojJGQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.7.1/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha512-v2CJ7UaYy4JwqLDIrZUI/4hqeoQieOmAZNXBeQyjo21dadnwR+8ZaIJVT8EE2iyI61OV8e6M8PP2/4hpQINQ/g==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap/5.2.3/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" integrity="sha512-i9cEfJwUwViEPFKdC1enz4ZRGBj8YQo6QByFTF92YXHi7waCqyexvRD75S5NVTsSiTv7rKWqG9Y5eFxmRsOn0A==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/limonte-sweetalert2/11.15.0/sweetalert2.all.min.js" integrity="sha512-cC031aMSuKiIKH8oEwFmS3QA7k6JP+FK0jAOWOk3en3O14wYqp/z8I6CTGM9/AdSmRavk//8e1p5VZI1U0VadQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/css/bootstrap-select.min.css" integrity="sha512-g2SduJKxa4Lbn3GW+Q7rNz+pKP9AWMR++Ta8fgwsZRCUsawjPvF/BxSMkGS61VsR9yinGoEgrHPGPn2mrj8+4w==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/js/bootstrap-select.min.js" integrity="sha512-yrOmjPdp8qH8hgLfWpSFhC/+R9Cj9USL8uJxYIveJZGAiedxyIxwNw4RsLDlcjNlIRR4kkHaDHSmNHAkxFTmgg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="pubdate" content="20160112"> <meta name="keywords" content="Medical,Test & Measurement,Manufacturing & Prototyping,"> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow"> <meta name="author" content="SAE Media Group"> <meta value="twitter:site" content="@TechBriefsMag"> <meta property="og:description" content="A research team at Harvard University's Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering has leveraged its organ-on-a-chip technology to develop a model of the human small airway in which lung inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the third leading cause of mortality worldwide, and asthma can be studied outside the human body. Demand for such opportunities is especially high since small airway inflammation cannot be adequately studied in human patients or animal models and, to date, there are no effective therapies that can stop or reverse the complex and widespread inflammation-driven processes. "> <meta property="og:image" content="http://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1631774148/sites/tbtv/youtube/31330_PBm9MbwvN60.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1631774148/sites/tbtv/youtube/31330_PBm9MbwvN60.jpg"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/31330-small-airway-on-a-chip-modeling"> <meta property="og:title" content="Small Airway-on-a-Chip: Modeling Lung Inflammatory Diseases and Asthma"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2018-06-30 05:21:05"> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2018-06-30 05:21:05"> <meta property="article:publisher" content="SAE Media Group"> <meta name="description" content="A research team at Harvard University's Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering has leveraged its organ-on-a-chip technology to develop a model of the human small airway in which lung inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the third leading cause of mortality worldwide, and asthma can be studied outside the human body. Demand for such opportunities is especially high since small airway inflammation cannot be adequately studied in human patients or animal models and, to date, there are no effective therapies that can stop or reverse the complex and widespread inflammation-driven processes. "> <title>Small Airway-on-a-Chip: Modeling Lung Inflammatory Diseases and Asthma - Tech Briefs</title> <link href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/31330-small-airway-on-a-chip-modeling" rel="canonical"> <style> /*! inlined from /media/plg_content_ntb_tagsbot/css/template.min.css by ntb_minifier */ .ntb_tagsbot .taglist { font-style: italic; margin-top: 10px } .ntb_tagsbot .tagmenus { background: #FFE; border: 1px dashed #DDD; padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px } .ntb_tagsbot .clusterlist { font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 10px; } .ntb_cluster_div { display: none; } .tagmenus div:first-of-type { font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 10px; } /* end /media/plg_content_ntb_tagsbot/css/template.min.css */ </style> <link href="/plugins/content/jw_disqus/jw_disqus/tmpl/css/template.min.css?v=3.7.0" rel="stylesheet" /> <style> /*! inlined from /plugins/content/jw_allvideos/jw_allvideos/tmpl/Responsive/css/template.min.css by ntb_minifier */ /** * @version 6.1.0 * @package AllVideos (plugin) * @author JoomlaWorks - https://www.joomlaworks.net * @copyright Copyright (c) 2006 - 2020 JoomlaWorks Ltd. All rights reserved. * @license GNU/GPL license: https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html */ .avPlayerWrapper div,.avPlayerWrapper iframe,.avPlayerWrapper video,.avPlayerWrapper audio{outline:0}.avDownloadLink a,.avDownloadLink a:link{display:block;background:#eee;padding:10px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;font-size:12px;color:#999;text-decoration:none}.avDownloadLink a:hover{background:#ddd;color:#666;text-decoration:none}.avPlayerBlockDisabled{width:auto;height:auto;padding:20px}a.avDeprecated,a.avDeprecated:link{display:block;background:#eee;padding:20px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;font-size:16px;color:#999;text-decoration:none}a.avDeprecated:hover{background:#ddd;color:#666;text-decoration:none}.avPlayerWrapper{display:block;padding:0;margin:0 auto;clear:both}.avPlayerWrapper .avPlayerContainer{display:block;padding:0;margin:0 auto}.avPlayerWrapper .avPlayerContainer .avPlayerBlock{width:100%!important;position:relative!important;padding:58% 0 0 0!important;overflow:hidden}.avPlayerWrapper .avPlayerContainer .avPlayerBlock iframe,.avPlayerWrapper .avPlayerContainer .avPlayerBlock video,.avPlayerWrapper .avPlayerContainer .avPlayerBlock audio{position:absolute!important;top:0;left:0;width:100%!important;height:100%!important}.avPlayerWrapper .avPlayerContainer .avPlayerBlock video{background:#000}.avPlayerWrapper .avPlayerContainer .avPlayerBlock audio{background-color:#000;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:50% 50%;background-size:cover;padding:10px;box-sizing:border-box}.avPlayerWrapper.avNoPoster .avPlayerContainer .avPlayerBlock{padding:0!important}.avPlayerWrapper.avNoPoster .avPlayerContainer .avPlayerBlock audio{position:relative!important;height:60px!important}.avPlayerWrapper.avSoundCloudSet .avPlayerContainer .avPlayerBlock,.avPlayerWrapper.avSoundCloudSong .avPlayerContainer .avPlayerBlock{padding:0!important}.avPlayerWrapper.avSoundCloudSet .avPlayerContainer .avPlayerBlock iframe{position:relative!important;height:336px!important}.avPlayerWrapper.avSoundCloudSong .avPlayerContainer .avPlayerBlock iframe{position:relative!important;height:168px!important}.avPlayerWrapper.avMixcloud .avPlayerContainer .avPlayerBlock{padding:0!important}.avPlayerWrapper.avMixcloud .avPlayerContainer .avPlayerBlock iframe{position:relative!important;height:inherit!important} /* end /plugins/content/jw_allvideos/jw_allvideos/tmpl/Responsive/css/template.min.css */ </style> <style>/** * Critical CSS created by criticalcss.com * file: /css/critical/article-video.css' * createdAt : 2024-11-21T09:24:04.000Z * resultStatus : GOOD * originalSize : 291625 * size : 0 * validationStatus : GOOD */ @charset "UTF-8";#startOfPage{visibility:hidden}.avPlayerWrapper div,.avPlayerWrapper iframe{outline:0}.avPlayerWrapper{display:block;padding:0;margin:0 auto;clear:both}.avPlayerWrapper .avPlayerContainer{display:block;padding:0;margin:0 auto}.avPlayerWrapper .avPlayerContainer .avPlayerBlock{width:100%!important;position:relative!important;padding:58% 0 0!important;overflow:hidden}.avPlayerWrapper .avPlayerContainer .avPlayerBlock iframe{position:absolute!important;top:0;left:0;width:100%!important;height:100%!important}@font-face{font-family:Lato;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lato/v24/S6uyw4BMUTPHjx4wWw.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Lato;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lato/v24/S6u9w4BMUTPHh6UVSwiPHA.ttf) format('truetype')}:root{--bs-blue:#0d6efd;--bs-indigo:#6610f2;--bs-purple:#6f42c1;--bs-pink:#d63384;--bs-red:#dc3545;--bs-orange:#fd7e14;--bs-yellow:#ffc107;--bs-green:#198754;--bs-teal:#20c997;--bs-cyan:#0dcaf0;--bs-black:#000;--bs-white:#fff;--bs-gray:#6c757d;--bs-gray-dark:#343a40;--bs-gray-100:#f8f9fa;--bs-gray-200:#e9ecef;--bs-gray-300:#dee2e6;--bs-gray-400:#ced4da;--bs-gray-500:#adb5bd;--bs-gray-600:#6c757d;--bs-gray-700:#495057;--bs-gray-800:#343a40;--bs-gray-900:#212529;--bs-primary:#324a98;--bs-secondary:#6c757d;--bs-success:#198754;--bs-info:#0dcaf0;--bs-warning:#ffc107;--bs-danger:#e60000;--bs-light:#f8f9fa;--bs-dark:#212529;--bs-inverse:#000;--bs-navbar:#324a98;--bs-navitem:#fff;--bs-lightgray:#e9ecef;--bs-color-indigo:#6610f2;--bs-color-cyan:#0dcaf0;--bs-color-blue:#0d6efd;--bs-color-orange:#fd7e14;--bs-color-red:#dc3545;--bs-color-yellow:#ffc107;--bs-color-teal:#20c997;--bs-color-green:#198754;--bs-color-pink:#d63384;--bs-color-black:#000;--bs-color-white:#fff;--bs-color-gray:#6c757d;--bs-color-gray-dark:#343a40;--bs-primary-rgb:50,74,152;--bs-secondary-rgb:108,117,125;--bs-success-rgb:25,135,84;--bs-info-rgb:13,202,240;--bs-warning-rgb:255,193,7;--bs-danger-rgb:230,0,0;--bs-light-rgb:248,249,250;--bs-dark-rgb:33,37,41;--bs-inverse-rgb:0,0,0;--bs-navbar-rgb:50,74,152;--bs-navitem-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-lightgray-rgb:233,236,239;--bs-color-indigo-rgb:102,16,242;--bs-color-cyan-rgb:13,202,240;--bs-color-blue-rgb:13,110,253;--bs-color-orange-rgb:253,126,20;--bs-color-red-rgb:220,53,69;--bs-color-yellow-rgb:255,193,7;--bs-color-teal-rgb:32,201,151;--bs-color-green-rgb:25,135,84;--bs-color-pink-rgb:214,51,132;--bs-color-black-rgb:0,0,0;--bs-color-white-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-color-gray-rgb:108,117,125;--bs-color-gray-dark-rgb:52,58,64;--bs-white-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-black-rgb:0,0,0;--bs-body-color-rgb:33,37,41;--bs-body-bg-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-font-sans-serif:"Lato",sans-serif;--bs-font-monospace:SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,"Liberation Mono","Courier New",monospace;--bs-gradient:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0));--bs-body-font-family:Lucida Bright,Lucidabright,Lucida Serif,Lucida,Palatino,Times New Roman,Times,serif;--bs-body-font-size:1rem;--bs-body-font-weight:400;--bs-body-line-height:1.5;--bs-body-color:#212529;--bs-body-bg:#ffffff;--bs-border-width:1px;--bs-border-style:solid;--bs-border-color:#ced4da;--bs-border-color-translucent:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.175);--bs-border-radius:0.375rem;--bs-border-radius-sm:0.25rem;--bs-border-radius-lg:0.5rem;--bs-border-radius-xl:1rem;--bs-border-radius-2xl:2rem;--bs-border-radius-pill:50rem;--bs-link-color:#324a98;--bs-link-hover-color:rgb(40, 59.2, 121.6);--bs-code-color:#d63384;--bs-highlight-bg:rgb(255, 242.6, 205.4)}*,::after,::before{box-sizing:border-box}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){:root{scroll-behavior:smooth}}body{margin:0;font-family:var(--bs-body-font-family);font-size:var(--bs-body-font-size);font-weight:var(--bs-body-font-weight);line-height:var(--bs-body-line-height);color:var(--bs-body-color);text-align:var(--bs-body-text-align);background-color:var(--bs-body-bg);-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;padding-top:150px}hr{margin:1rem 0;color:inherit;border:0;border-top:1px solid #6c757d;opacity:.25}h1,h2,h5,h6{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.5rem;font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2}h1,h2{font-size:calc(1.325rem + .9vw)}@media (min-width:1200px){h1,h2{font-size:2rem}}h5{font-size:1.25rem}h6{font-size:1rem}p{margin-top:0}ol,ul{padding-left:2rem;margin-top:0}ol,p,ul{margin-bottom:1rem}a{color:var(--bs-link-color);text-decoration:none}a:not([href]):not([class]){color:inherit;text-decoration:none}img{vertical-align:middle;max-width:100%;height:auto}label{display:inline-block}button{border-radius:0;text-transform:none;margin:0;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}input{margin:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}[type=button],[type=submit],button{-webkit-appearance:button}::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border-style:none}::-webkit-datetime-edit-day-field,::-webkit-datetime-edit-fields-wrapper,::-webkit-datetime-edit-hour-field,::-webkit-datetime-edit-minute,::-webkit-datetime-edit-month-field,::-webkit-datetime-edit-text,::-webkit-datetime-edit-year-field{padding:0}::-webkit-inner-spin-button{height:auto}::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}::-webkit-color-swatch-wrapper{padding:0}::file-selector-button{font:inherit;-webkit-appearance:button}iframe{border:0}.container,.container-fluid{--bs-gutter-x:1.5rem;--bs-gutter-y:0;width:100%;padding-right:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);padding-left:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}@media (min-width:576px){.container{max-width:540px}}@media (min-width:768px){.container{max-width:720px}}@media (min-width:992px){.container{max-width:960px}}@media (min-width:1200px){.container{max-width:1140px}}@media (min-width:1400px){.container{max-width:1320px}}.row{--bs-gutter-x:1.5rem;--bs-gutter-y:0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:calc(-1*var(--bs-gutter-y));margin-right:calc(-.5*var(--bs-gutter-x));margin-left:calc(-.5*var(--bs-gutter-x))}.row>*{flex-shrink:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;padding-right:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);padding-left:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);margin-top:var(--bs-gutter-y)}.col{flex:1 0 0%}.row-cols-1>*{flex:0 0 auto;width:100%}.col-2,.col-3{flex:0 0 auto;width:16.66666667%}.col-3{width:25%}.col-8,.col-9{flex:0 0 auto;width:66.66666667%}.col-9{width:75%}.col-10{flex:0 0 auto;width:83.33333333%}.col-12{flex:0 0 auto;width:100%}.g-0{--bs-gutter-x:0;--bs-gutter-y:0}.g-1{--bs-gutter-x:0.25rem;--bs-gutter-y:0.25rem}@media (min-width:768px){.col-md-3{flex:0 0 auto;width:25%}.col-md-9{flex:0 0 auto;width:75%}}@media (min-width:992px){.row-cols-lg-2>*{flex:0 0 auto;width:50%}.col-lg-4{flex:0 0 auto;width:33.33333333%}.col-lg-8{flex:0 0 auto;width:66.66666667%}}.form-control{display:block;width:100%;padding:.375rem .75rem;font-size:1rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;color:#212529;background-color:#fff;background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid #ced4da;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;border-radius:.375rem;box-shadow:inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.075)}.form-control::-webkit-date-and-time-value{height:1.5em}.form-control::-moz-placeholder{color:#6c757d;opacity:1}.form-floating{position:relative}.form-floating>.form-control{height:calc(3.5rem + 2px);line-height:1.25;padding:1rem .75rem}.form-floating>label{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;padding:1rem .75rem;overflow:hidden;text-align:start;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;border:1px solid transparent;transform-origin:0 0}.form-floating>.form-control::-moz-placeholder{color:transparent}.form-floating>.form-control:-webkit-autofill{padding-top:1.625rem;padding-bottom:.625rem}.form-floating>.form-control:-webkit-autofill~label{opacity:.65;transform:scale(.85) translateY(-.5rem) translateX(.15rem)}.input-group{position:relative;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:stretch;width:100%}.input-group>.form-floating{position:relative;flex:1 1 auto;width:1%;min-width:0}.input-group .btn{position:relative;z-index:2}.input-group:not(.has-validation)>.form-floating:not(:last-child)>.form-control{border-top-right-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0}.input-group>:not(:first-child):not(.dropdown-menu):not(.valid-tooltip):not(.valid-feedback):not(.invalid-tooltip):not(.invalid-feedback){margin-left:-1px;border-top-left-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0}.btn{color:var(--bs-btn-color);background-color:var(--bs-btn-bg);--bs-btn-padding-x:0.75rem;--bs-btn-padding-y:0.375rem;--bs-btn-font-size:1rem;--bs-btn-font-weight:400;--bs-btn-line-height:1.5;--bs-btn-color:#212529;--bs-btn-bg:transparent;--bs-btn-border-width:1px;--bs-btn-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-border-radius:0.375rem;--bs-btn-hover-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15),0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);--bs-btn-disabled-opacity:0.65;--bs-btn-focus-box-shadow:0 0 0 0.25rem rgba(var(--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb), .5);display:inline-block;padding:var(--bs-btn-padding-y) var(--bs-btn-padding-x);font-family:var(--bs-btn-font-family);font-size:var(--bs-btn-font-size);font-weight:var(--bs-btn-font-weight);line-height:var(--bs-btn-line-height);text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:var(--bs-btn-border-width) solid var(--bs-btn-border-color);border-radius:var(--bs-btn-border-radius);background-image:var(--bs-gradient);box-shadow:var(--bs-btn-box-shadow)}.btn-primary{--bs-btn-bg:#324a98;--bs-btn-border-color:#324a98;--bs-btn-hover-bg:rgb(42.5, 62.9, 129.2);--bs-btn-hover-border-color:rgb(40, 59.2, 121.6);--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb:81,101,167;--bs-btn-active-bg:rgb(40, 59.2, 121.6);--bs-btn-active-border-color:rgb(37.5, 55.5, 114);--bs-btn-disabled-bg:#324a98;--bs-btn-disabled-border-color:#324a98}.btn-primary,.btn-secondary{--bs-btn-color:#fff;--bs-btn-hover-color:#fff;--bs-btn-active-color:#fff;--bs-btn-active-shadow:inset 0 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.125);--bs-btn-disabled-color:#fff}.btn-secondary{--bs-btn-bg:#6c757d;--bs-btn-border-color:#6c757d;--bs-btn-hover-bg:rgb(91.8, 99.45, 106.25);--bs-btn-hover-border-color:rgb(86.4, 93.6, 100);--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb:130,138,145;--bs-btn-active-bg:rgb(86.4, 93.6, 100);--bs-btn-active-border-color:rgb(81, 87.75, 93.75);--bs-btn-disabled-bg:#6c757d;--bs-btn-disabled-border-color:#6c757d}.btn-link{--bs-btn-font-weight:400;--bs-btn-color:var(--bs-link-color);--bs-btn-bg:transparent;--bs-btn-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-hover-color:var(--bs-link-hover-color);--bs-btn-hover-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-active-color:var(--bs-link-hover-color);--bs-btn-active-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-disabled-color:#6c757d;--bs-btn-disabled-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-box-shadow:none;--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb:81,101,167;text-decoration:none;background-image:none}.btn-lg{--bs-btn-padding-y:0.5rem;--bs-btn-padding-x:1rem;--bs-btn-font-size:1.25rem;--bs-btn-border-radius:0.5rem}.btn-sm{--bs-btn-padding-y:0.25rem;--bs-btn-padding-x:0.5rem;--bs-btn-font-size:0.875rem;--bs-btn-border-radius:0.25rem}.fade:not(.show){opacity:0}.collapse:not(.show){display:none}.dropdown{position:relative}.dropdown-toggle{white-space:nowrap}.dropdown-toggle::after{display:inline-block;margin-left:.255em;vertical-align:.255em;content:"";border-top:.3em solid;border-right:.3em solid transparent;border-bottom:0;border-left:.3em solid transparent}.dropdown-menu{--bs-dropdown-zindex:1000;--bs-dropdown-min-width:10rem;--bs-dropdown-padding-x:0;--bs-dropdown-padding-y:0.5rem;--bs-dropdown-spacer:0.125rem;--bs-dropdown-font-size:1rem;--bs-dropdown-color:#212529;--bs-dropdown-bg:#ffffff;--bs-dropdown-border-color:var(--bs-border-color-translucent);--bs-dropdown-border-radius:0.375rem;--bs-dropdown-border-width:1px;--bs-dropdown-inner-border-radius:calc(0.375rem - 1px);--bs-dropdown-divider-bg:var(--bs-border-color-translucent);--bs-dropdown-divider-margin-y:0.5rem;--bs-dropdown-box-shadow:0 0.5rem 1rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);--bs-dropdown-link-color:#212529;--bs-dropdown-link-hover-color:rgb(29.7, 33.3, 36.9);--bs-dropdown-link-hover-bg:#e9ecef;--bs-dropdown-link-active-color:#ffffff;--bs-dropdown-link-active-bg:#324a98;--bs-dropdown-link-disabled-color:#adb5bd;--bs-dropdown-item-padding-x:1rem;--bs-dropdown-item-padding-y:0.25rem;--bs-dropdown-header-color:#6c757d;--bs-dropdown-header-padding-x:1rem;--bs-dropdown-header-padding-y:0.5rem;position:absolute;z-index:var(--bs-dropdown-zindex);display:none;min-width:var(--bs-dropdown-min-width);padding:var(--bs-dropdown-padding-y) var(--bs-dropdown-padding-x);margin:0;font-size:var(--bs-dropdown-font-size);color:var(--bs-dropdown-color);text-align:left;list-style:none;background-color:var(--bs-dropdown-bg);background-clip:padding-box;border:var(--bs-dropdown-border-width) solid var(--bs-dropdown-border-color);border-radius:var(--bs-dropdown-border-radius);box-shadow:var(--bs-dropdown-box-shadow)}.dropdown-divider{height:0;margin:var(--bs-dropdown-divider-margin-y) 0;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--bs-dropdown-divider-bg);opacity:1}.dropdown-item{display:block;width:100%;padding:var(--bs-dropdown-item-padding-y) var(--bs-dropdown-item-padding-x);clear:both;font-weight:400;color:var(--bs-dropdown-link-color);text-align:inherit;white-space:nowrap;background-color:transparent;border:0}.nav-link{display:block;padding:var(--bs-nav-link-padding-y) var(--bs-nav-link-padding-x);font-size:var(--bs-nav-link-font-size);font-weight:var(--bs-nav-link-font-weight);color:var(--bs-nav-link-color)}.navbar{--bs-navbar-padding-x:0;--bs-navbar-padding-y:0.5rem;--bs-navbar-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55);--bs-navbar-hover-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);--bs-navbar-disabled-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);--bs-navbar-active-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);--bs-navbar-brand-padding-y:0.25rem;--bs-navbar-brand-margin-end:1rem;--bs-navbar-brand-font-size:1.25rem;--bs-navbar-brand-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);--bs-navbar-brand-hover-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);--bs-navbar-nav-link-padding-x:0.5rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-padding-y:0.25rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-padding-x:0.75rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-font-size:1.25rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-icon-bg:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 30 30'%3e%3cpath stroke='rgba%280, 0, 0, 0.55%29' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-miterlimit='10' stroke-width='2' d='M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");--bs-navbar-toggler-border-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);--bs-navbar-toggler-border-radius:0.375rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-focus-width:0.25rem;position:relative;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:var(--bs-navbar-padding-y) var(--bs-navbar-padding-x);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.navbar>.container,.navbar>.container-fluid{display:flex;flex-wrap:inherit;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}.navbar-brand{padding-top:var(--bs-navbar-brand-padding-y);padding-bottom:var(--bs-navbar-brand-padding-y);margin-right:var(--bs-navbar-brand-margin-end);font-size:var(--bs-navbar-brand-font-size);color:var(--bs-navbar-brand-color);white-space:nowrap}.navbar-nav{--bs-nav-link-padding-x:0;--bs-nav-link-padding-y:0.7rem;--bs-nav-link-color:var(--bs-navbar-color);--bs-nav-link-hover-color:var(--bs-navbar-hover-color);--bs-nav-link-disabled-color:var(--bs-navbar-disabled-color);display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none}.navbar-collapse{flex-basis:100%;flex-grow:1;align-items:center}.navbar-toggler{padding:var(--bs-navbar-toggler-padding-y) var(--bs-navbar-toggler-padding-x);font-size:var(--bs-navbar-toggler-font-size);line-height:1;color:var(--bs-navbar-color);background-color:transparent;border:var(--bs-border-width) solid var(--bs-navbar-toggler-border-color);border-radius:var(--bs-navbar-toggler-border-radius)}@media (min-width:576px){.navbar-expand-sm{flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-nav{flex-direction:row}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-nav .nav-link{padding-right:var(--bs-navbar-nav-link-padding-x);padding-left:var(--bs-navbar-nav-link-padding-x)}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-collapse{display:flex!important;flex-basis:auto}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-toggler{display:none}}body:before{display:none}.navbar-dark{--bs-navbar-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);--bs-navbar-hover-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);--bs-navbar-disabled-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);--bs-navbar-active-color:#ffffff;--bs-navbar-brand-color:#ffffff;--bs-navbar-brand-hover-color:#ffffff;--bs-navbar-toggler-border-color:transparent;--bs-navbar-toggler-icon-bg:none}.card{--bs-card-spacer-y:1rem;--bs-card-spacer-x:1rem;--bs-card-title-spacer-y:0.5rem;--bs-card-border-width:1px;--bs-card-border-color:var(--bs-border-color-translucent);--bs-card-border-radius:0.375rem;--bs-card-inner-border-radius:calc(0.375rem - 1px);--bs-card-cap-padding-y:0.5rem;--bs-card-cap-padding-x:1rem;--bs-card-cap-bg:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03);--bs-card-bg:#f8f9fa;--bs-card-img-overlay-padding:1rem;--bs-card-group-margin:0.75rem;position:relative;display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-width:0;height:var(--bs-card-height);word-wrap:break-word;background-color:var(--bs-card-bg);background-clip:border-box;border:var(--bs-card-border-width) solid var(--bs-card-border-color);border-radius:var(--bs-card-border-radius);box-shadow:var(--bs-card-box-shadow)}.card-body{flex:1 1 auto;padding:var(--bs-card-spacer-y) var(--bs-card-spacer-x);color:var(--bs-card-color)}.breadcrumb{display:flex;list-style:none;--bs-breadcrumb-padding-x:0;--bs-breadcrumb-padding-y:0.5rem;--bs-breadcrumb-margin-bottom:0;--bs-breadcrumb-font-size:0.75rem;--bs-breadcrumb-bg:transparent;--bs-breadcrumb-divider-color:#6c757d;--bs-breadcrumb-item-padding-x:0.5rem;--bs-breadcrumb-item-active-color:#6c757d;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:var(--bs-breadcrumb-padding-y) var(--bs-breadcrumb-padding-x);margin-bottom:var(--bs-breadcrumb-margin-bottom);font-size:var(--bs-breadcrumb-font-size);background-color:var(--bs-breadcrumb-bg);border-radius:var(--bs-breadcrumb-border-radius)}.breadcrumb-item+.breadcrumb-item{padding-left:var(--bs-breadcrumb-item-padding-x)}.breadcrumb-item+.breadcrumb-item::before{float:left;padding-right:var(--bs-breadcrumb-item-padding-x);color:var(--bs-breadcrumb-divider-color);content:var(--bs-breadcrumb-divider, "|")}.breadcrumb-item.active{color:var(--bs-breadcrumb-item-active-color)}.alert{--bs-alert-bg:transparent;--bs-alert-padding-x:1rem;--bs-alert-padding-y:1rem;--bs-alert-margin-bottom:1rem;--bs-alert-color:inherit;--bs-alert-border-color:transparent;--bs-alert-border:1px solid var(--bs-alert-border-color);--bs-alert-border-radius:0.375rem;position:relative;padding:var(--bs-alert-padding-y) var(--bs-alert-padding-x);margin-bottom:var(--bs-alert-margin-bottom);color:var(--bs-alert-color);background-color:var(--bs-alert-bg);border:var(--bs-alert-border);border-radius:var(--bs-alert-border-radius)}.alert-heading{color:inherit}.alert-link{font-weight:700}.alert-dismissible{padding-right:3rem}.alert-dismissible .btn-close{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;z-index:2;padding:1.25rem 1rem}.alert-primary,.alert-secondary{background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-primary{--bs-alert-color:rgb(30, 44.4, 91.2);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(214, 218.8, 234.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(193.5, 200.7, 224.1)}.alert-primary .alert-link{color:#182449}.alert-secondary{--bs-alert-color:rgb(64.8, 70.2, 75);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(225.6, 227.4, 229);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(210.9, 213.6, 216)}.alert-secondary .alert-link{color:#34383c}.alert-native,.alert-success,.alert-validation{--bs-alert-color:rgb(15, 81, 50.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(209, 231, 220.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(186, 219, 203.7);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-native .alert-link,.alert-success .alert-link,.alert-validation .alert-link{color:#0c4128}.alert-info,.alert-warning{background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-info{--bs-alert-color:rgb(5.2, 80.8, 96);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(206.6, 244.4, 252);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(182.4, 239.1, 250.5)}.alert-info .alert-link{color:#04414d}.alert-warning{--bs-alert-color:rgb(102, 77.2, 2.8);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(255, 242.6, 205.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(255, 236.4, 180.6)}.alert-warning .alert-link{color:#523e02}.alert-danger,.alert-error{--bs-alert-color:#8a0000;--bs-alert-bg:#facccc;--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(247.5, 178.5, 178.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-danger .alert-link,.alert-error .alert-link{color:#6e0000}.alert-light{--bs-alert-color:rgb(99.2, 99.6, 100);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(253.6, 253.8, 254);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(252.9, 253.2, 253.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-light .alert-link{color:#4f5050}.alert-cleanup,.alert-dark{--bs-alert-color:rgb(19.8, 22.2, 24.6);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(210.6, 211.4, 212.2);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(188.4, 189.6, 190.8);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-cleanup .alert-link,.alert-dark .alert-link{color:#101214}.alert-inverse{--bs-alert-color:black;--bs-alert-bg:#cccccc;--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(178.5, 178.5, 178.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-inverse .alert-link{color:#000}.alert-navbar{--bs-alert-color:rgb(30, 44.4, 91.2);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(214, 218.8, 234.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(193.5, 200.7, 224.1)}.alert-navbar .alert-link{color:#182449}.alert-lightgray,.alert-navbar,.alert-navitem{background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-navitem{--bs-alert-color:#666666;--bs-alert-bg:white;--bs-alert-border-color:white}.alert-navitem .alert-link{color:#525252}.alert-lightgray{--bs-alert-color:rgb(93.2, 94.4, 95.6);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(250.6, 251.2, 251.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(248.4, 249.3, 250.2)}.alert-lightgray .alert-link{color:#4b4c4c}.alert-advertising,.alert-color-indigo{--bs-alert-color:rgb(61.2, 9.6, 145.2);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(224.4, 207.2, 252.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(209.1, 183.3, 251.1);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-advertising .alert-link,.alert-color-indigo .alert-link{color:#310874}.alert-color-cyan,.alert-notice{--bs-alert-color:rgb(5.2, 80.8, 96);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(206.6, 244.4, 252);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(182.4, 239.1, 250.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-cyan .alert-link,.alert-notice .alert-link{color:#04414d}.alert-color-blue,.alert-criticalcss{--bs-alert-color:rgb(7.8, 66, 151.8);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(206.6, 226, 254.6);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(182.4, 211.5, 254.4);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-blue .alert-link,.alert-criticalcss .alert-link{color:#063579}.alert-cache,.alert-color-orange{--bs-alert-color:rgb(151.8, 75.6, 12);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(254.6, 229.2, 208);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(254.4, 216.3, 184.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-cache .alert-link,.alert-color-orange .alert-link{color:#793c0a}.alert-color-red{--bs-alert-color:rgb(132, 31.8, 41.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(248, 214.6, 217.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(244.5, 194.4, 199.2);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-red .alert-link{color:#6a1921}.alert-cdnjs,.alert-color-yellow{--bs-alert-color:rgb(102, 77.2, 2.8);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(255, 242.6, 205.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(255, 236.4, 180.6);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-cdnjs .alert-link,.alert-color-yellow .alert-link{color:#523e02}.alert-color-teal,.alert-topic{--bs-alert-color:rgb(19.2, 120.6, 90.6);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(210.4, 244.2, 234.2);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(188.1, 238.8, 223.8);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-teal .alert-link,.alert-topic .alert-link{color:#0f6048}.alert-color-green{--bs-alert-color:rgb(15, 81, 50.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(209, 231, 220.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(186, 219, 203.7);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-green .alert-link{color:#0c4128}.alert-cloudinary,.alert-color-pink{--bs-alert-color:rgb(128.4, 30.6, 79.2);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(246.8, 214.2, 230.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(242.7, 193.8, 218.1);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-cloudinary .alert-link,.alert-color-pink .alert-link{color:#67183f}.alert-color-black{--bs-alert-color:black;--bs-alert-bg:#cccccc;--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(178.5, 178.5, 178.5);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-black .alert-link{color:#000}.alert-color-white{--bs-alert-color:#666666;--bs-alert-bg:white;--bs-alert-border-color:white;background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-white .alert-link{color:#525252}.alert-color-gray{--bs-alert-color:rgb(64.8, 70.2, 75);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(225.6, 227.4, 229);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(210.9, 213.6, 216);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-gray .alert-link{color:#34383c}.alert-color-gray-dark{--bs-alert-color:rgb(31.2, 34.8, 38.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(214.4, 215.6, 216.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(194.1, 195.9, 197.7);background-image:var(--bs-gradient)}.alert-color-gray-dark .alert-link{color:#191c1f}.btn-close{box-sizing:content-box;width:1em;height:1em;padding:.25em;color:#000;background:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 16 16' fill='%23000000'%3e%3cpath d='M.293.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0L8 6.586 14.293.293a1 1 0 1 1 1.414 1.414L9.414 8l6.293 6.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414L8 9.414l-6.293 6.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L6.586 8 .293 1.707a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e") center/1em auto no-repeat;border:0;border-radius:.375rem;opacity:.5}.modal{--bs-modal-zindex:1055;--bs-modal-width:500px;--bs-modal-padding:1rem;--bs-modal-margin:0.5rem;--bs-modal-bg:#ffffff;--bs-modal-border-color:var(--bs-border-color-translucent);--bs-modal-border-width:1px;--bs-modal-border-radius:0.5rem;--bs-modal-box-shadow:0 0.125rem 0.25rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);--bs-modal-inner-border-radius:calc(0.5rem - 1px);--bs-modal-header-padding-x:1rem;--bs-modal-header-padding-y:1rem;--bs-modal-header-padding:1rem 1rem;--bs-modal-header-border-color:var(--bs-border-color);--bs-modal-header-border-width:1px;--bs-modal-title-line-height:1.5;--bs-modal-footer-gap:0.5rem;--bs-modal-footer-border-color:var(--bs-border-color);--bs-modal-footer-border-width:1px;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;z-index:var(--bs-modal-zindex);display:none;width:100%;height:100%;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:auto;outline:0}.modal-dialog{position:relative;width:auto;margin:var(--bs-modal-margin)}.modal.fade .modal-dialog{transform:translate(0,-50px)}.modal-content{position:relative;display:flex;flex-direction:column;width:100%;color:var(--bs-modal-color);background-color:var(--bs-modal-bg);background-clip:padding-box;border:var(--bs-modal-border-width) solid var(--bs-modal-border-color);border-radius:var(--bs-modal-border-radius);box-shadow:var(--bs-modal-box-shadow);outline:0}.modal-header{display:flex;flex-shrink:0;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:var(--bs-modal-header-padding);border-bottom:var(--bs-modal-header-border-width) solid var(--bs-modal-header-border-color);border-top-left-radius:var(--bs-modal-inner-border-radius);border-top-right-radius:var(--bs-modal-inner-border-radius)}.modal-title{margin-bottom:0;line-height:var(--bs-modal-title-line-height)}.modal-body{position:relative;flex:1 1 auto;padding:var(--bs-modal-padding)}@media (min-width:576px){.modal{--bs-modal-margin:1.75rem;--bs-modal-box-shadow:0 0.5rem 1rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15)}.modal-dialog{max-width:var(--bs-modal-width);margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}.modal-sm{--bs-modal-width:300px}}.offcanvas{--bs-offcanvas-zindex:1045;--bs-offcanvas-width:400px;--bs-offcanvas-height:30vh;--bs-offcanvas-padding-x:1rem;--bs-offcanvas-padding-y:1rem;--bs-offcanvas-bg:#ffffff;--bs-offcanvas-border-width:1px;--bs-offcanvas-border-color:var(--bs-border-color-translucent);--bs-offcanvas-box-shadow:0 0.125rem 0.25rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);position:fixed;bottom:0;z-index:var(--bs-offcanvas-zindex);display:flex;flex-direction:column;max-width:100%;color:var(--bs-offcanvas-color);visibility:hidden;background-color:var(--bs-offcanvas-bg);background-clip:padding-box;outline:0;box-shadow:var(--bs-offcanvas-box-shadow)}.offcanvas.offcanvas-start{top:0;left:0;width:var(--bs-offcanvas-width);border-right:var(--bs-offcanvas-border-width) solid var(--bs-offcanvas-border-color);transform:translateX(-100%)}.offcanvas-header{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y) var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x)}.offcanvas-header .btn-close{padding:calc(var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y)*.5) calc(var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x)*.5);margin-top:calc(-.5*var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y));margin-right:calc(-.5*var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x));margin-bottom:calc(-.5*var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y))}.offcanvas-title{margin-bottom:0;line-height:1.5}.offcanvas-body{flex-grow:1;padding:var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y) var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x);overflow-y:auto}.fixed-top{position:fixed;right:0;left:0;z-index:1030;top:0}.d-inline-block{display:inline-block!important}.d-block{display:block!important}#video .left-column .ad-position,.d-none{display:none!important}.position-relative{position:relative!important}.border-top{border-top:var(--bs-border-width) var(--bs-border-style) var(--bs-border-color)!important}.border-end-0{border-right:0!important}.border-bottom{border-bottom:var(--bs-border-width) var(--bs-border-style) var(--bs-border-color)!important}.border-bottom-0{border-bottom:0!important}.border-start-0{border-left:0!important}.border-primary{--bs-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgba(var(--bs-primary-rgb),var(--bs-border-opacity))!important}.w-50{width:50%!important}.w-75{width:75%!important}.w-100{width:100%!important}.h-100{height:100%!important}.align-content-center{align-content:center!important}.m-0{margin:0!important}.mx-auto{margin-right:auto!important;margin-left:auto!important}.my-0{margin-top:0!important;margin-bottom:0!important}.my-1,.navbar-side-item p{margin-top:.25rem!important;margin-bottom:.25rem!important}.my-2{margin-top:.5rem!important;margin-bottom:.5rem!important}.my-3{margin-top:1rem!important;margin-bottom:1rem!important}.mt-0{margin-top:0!important}.mt-1{margin-top:.25rem!important}.mt-2{margin-top:.5rem!important}.mt-3{margin-top:1rem!important}.mt-5{margin-top:3rem!important}.me-1{margin-right:.25rem!important}.me-2{margin-right:.5rem!important}.me-3{margin-right:1rem!important}.me-4{margin-right:1.5rem!important}.me-auto{margin-right:auto!important}.mb-0{margin-bottom:0!important}.mb-3{margin-bottom:1rem!important}.mb-5{margin-bottom:3rem!important}.ms-0{margin-left:0!important}.ms-2{margin-left:.5rem!important}.ms-3{margin-left:1rem!important}.p-0{padding:0!important}.p-1{padding:.25rem!important}.px-0{padding-right:0!important;padding-left:0!important}.py-0{padding-top:0!important;padding-bottom:0!important}.py-1{padding-top:.25rem!important;padding-bottom:.25rem!important}.py-2{padding-top:.5rem!important;padding-bottom:.5rem!important}.py-3{padding-top:1rem!important;padding-bottom:1rem!important}.pt-0{padding-top:0!important}.pt-1{padding-top:.25rem!important}.pt-3{padding-top:1rem!important}#video #searchform .input-group{padding-right:0!important}.pe-3{padding-right:1rem!important}.pe-5{padding-right:3rem!important}.pb-0{padding-bottom:0!important}.pb-1{padding-bottom:.25rem!important}.navbar-side-item p{padding-left:0!important}.ps-3{padding-left:1rem!important}.ps-5{padding-left:3rem!important}.fw-lighter{font-weight:lighter!important}.text-uppercase{text-transform:uppercase!important}.text-capitalize{text-transform:capitalize!important}.text-primary{--bs-text-opacity:1;color:rgba(var(--bs-primary-rgb),var(--bs-text-opacity))!important}.text-dark{--bs-text-opacity:1;color:rgba(var(--bs-light-rgb),var(--bs-text-opacity))!important;color:rgba(var(--bs-dark-rgb),var(--bs-text-opacity))!important}.text-black{--bs-text-opacity:1;color:rgba(var(--bs-color-gray-dark-rgb),var(--bs-text-opacity))!important;color:rgba(var(--bs-black-rgb),var(--bs-text-opacity))!important}.text-muted{--bs-text-opacity:1;color:#6c757d!important}.text-reset{--bs-text-opacity:1;color:inherit!important}.bg-inverse,.bg-navbar{--bs-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgba(var(--bs-inverse-rgb),var(--bs-bg-opacity))!important}.bg-navbar{background-color:rgba(var(--bs-navbar-rgb),var(--bs-bg-opacity))!important}.rounded-0{border-radius:0!important}@media (min-width:576px){.d-sm-none{display:none!important}.ps-sm-0{padding-left:0!important}.form-inline .form-control{max-width:100%}}@media (min-width:768px){#video .left-column .ad-position,.d-md-block{display:block!important}.d-md-none{display:none!important}.mt-md-0{margin-top:0!important}.px-md-2{padding-right:.5rem!important;padding-left:.5rem!important}.pe-md-0{padding-right:0!important}}.nav-tvmenu .wrapper a,form{font-family:Lato,sans-serif}[role=button]{font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0}button{font-family:Lato,sans-serif!important}.nav-link{font-size:16px;text-transform:uppercase}.navbar{font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-weight:700}@media (max-width:767.98px){.navbar{border-bottom:10px solid #324a98}body{padding-top:85px}}.navbar-brand img{max-width:none;max-height:65px}.navbar-side{padding:0;list-style:none}.navbar-side a{color:#212529}.navbar-side h6{color:#324a98;text-transform:uppercase}.navbar-side h6 a{color:#324a98}.navbar-side hr{border-color:#495057;margin-left:1rem}.navbar-side-item{padding-left:1rem}.menu-side-sections>div li:first-of-type,.navbar-side-item p:first-of-type{margin-top:1.25rem}.navbar-side-item a{font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-weight:700}.navbar-toggler{padding:.75rem!important}.navbar-toggler-left{position:absolute}.breadcrumb{text-transform:uppercase;font-family:Lato,sans-serif}.alert{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:smaller}.alert-heading{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:1rem;font-weight:lighter}@media (min-width:576px){.container{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}}.blur-up{filter:blur(3px)}html{scroll-padding-top:100px}.panel-heading h6:after{font-family:"Arial Black",Arial,sans-serif;content:"–";float:right;color:#343a40;padding:0 5px;font-size:1.2rem}.panel-heading .collapsed h6:after{content:"+"}.tb-mediagroup{background-color:#fff;padding:5px 0;color:#000}.tb-mediagroup a{color:#000}.tb-mediagroup .panel-heading h6:after,footer nav a{color:#212529}@media (max-width:575.98px){.navbar-brand img{max-width:90%}body:before{content:"xs"}.hub-overline{font-size:1.75rem}}@media (min-width:576px) and (max-width:767.98px){body:before{content:"sm"}}@media (min-width:768px) and (max-width:991.98px){body:before{content:"md"}}@media (min-width:992px) and (max-width:1199.98px){body:before{content:"lg"}}@media (min-width:1200px) and (max-width:1399.98px){body:before{content:"xl"}}[class^=ad-position]{max-width:1200px}@media (min-width:1400px){body:before{content:"xxl"}[class^=ad-position]{max-width:1400px;margin-right:auto!important;margin-left:auto!important}}.printmessage{display:none}article iframe{width:100%;max-width:100%}article .related-content h6{font-size:.9rem}@media (min-width:576px){article .related-content h6{font-size:.7875rem}}article .related-content a{font-size:1rem;display:inline-block;line-height:1.4}@media (min-width:576px){article .related-content a{font-size:.875rem}}.hub-overline{color:#324a98;text-transform:uppercase;width:100%}#video .left-column .ad-position{padding-top:0;margin-bottom:1.5rem;padding-left:0;padding-right:0}#video .left-column .nav-tvmenu{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}.followus-link{color:#495057;text-decoration:none;font-size:1.5rem}.followus-link:after{display:inline-block;padding-right:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem;content:"|"}.followus-link:last-child:after{content:""}</style> <script type="application/json" class="joomla-script-options new">{"system.paths":{"root":"","rootFull":"https:\/\/www.techbriefs.com\/","base":"","baseFull":"https:\/\/www.techbriefs.com\/"},"csrf.token":"7bc7b98aa7575e23e52f1493ae85f7bc","system.keepalive":{"interval":3600000,"uri":"\/component\/ajax\/?format=json"}}</script> <script type="module"> /*! inlined from /media/system/js/keepalive.min.js by ntb_minifier */ /** * @copyright (C) 2018 Open Source Matters, Inc. <https://www.joomla.org> * @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt */ /** * Keepalive javascript behavior * * Used for keeping the session alive * * @package Joomla.JavaScript * @since 3.7.0 */ if (!window.Joomla) { throw new Error('Joomla API was not properly initialised'); } const keepAliveOptions = Joomla.getOptions('system.keepalive'); const keepAliveInterval = keepAliveOptions && keepAliveOptions.interval ? parseInt(keepAliveOptions.interval, 10) : 45 * 1000; let keepAliveUri = keepAliveOptions && keepAliveOptions.uri ? keepAliveOptions.uri.replace(/&/g, '&') : ''; // Fallback in case no keepalive uri was found. if (keepAliveUri === '') { const systemPaths = Joomla.getOptions('system.paths'); keepAliveUri = `${systemPaths ? `${systemPaths.root}/index.php` : window.location.pathname}?option=com_ajax&format=json`; } setInterval(() => fetch(keepAliveUri, { method: 'POST' }), keepAliveInterval); /* end /media/system/js/keepalive.min.js */ </script> <script src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" async tb-donotmove></script> <script>// // GTM datalayer // window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push({'navCluster' : "TBTV"}); dataLayer.push({'navTag' : "Videos"}); topicClusters = []; topicClusters.push("Manufacturing & Prototyping"); topicClusters.push("Medical"); topicClusters.push("Test & Measurement"); dataLayer.push({'topicClusters': topicClusters}); dataLayer.push({'canonicalURL': 'https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/31330-small-airway-on-a-chip-modeling'}); dataLayer.push({'articleID': '31330'}); </script> <noscript tb-donotmove> <img class="nolazyload" height="1" width="1" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=240802493731265&ev=PageView&noscript=1"/> </noscript>  <script tb-donotmove>(function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'}); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-MSN5FV9'); </script>  </head> <body>  <noscript tb-donotmove > <iframe src = "https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MSN5FV9" height = "0" width = "0" style = "display:none;visibility:hidden" ></iframe > </noscript >  <header class="header"> <div class="header-container container-fluid fixed-top p-0"> <nav class="header-nav navbar navbar-expand-sm navbar-dark bg-inverse"> <div class="container-fluid"> <button class="hamburger navbar-toggler navbar-toggler-left d-sm-none d-block" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#HamburgerSidebar" aria-controls="HamburgerSidebar"> <i class="fas fa-bars"></i> </button> <div id="hamburger-menu" class="navbar-collapse collapse d-md-block d-none"> <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto"> <li class="nav-item active"> <a class="nav-link" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" href="#HamburgerSidebar" role="button" aria-controls="HamburgerSidebar"> <i class="fas fa-bars me-2"></i>Menu </a></li></ul></div> <a href="/tv" class="navbar-brand ps-sm-0 ps-5 mx-auto"> <img class="logolarge d-none d-md-block nolazyload" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/q_auto,f_auto/sites/tb/template/tbtvlogo-lg.png" alt="Tech Briefs" height="65"/> <img class="logosmall d-md-none nolazyload" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/q_auto,f_auto/sites/tb/template/tbtvlogo-sm.png" alt="Tech Briefs"/> </a> <div id="newsmag-menu" class="navbar-collapse collapse"></div></div> </nav> <nav class="main-nav bg-navbar navbar navbar-expand-sm navbar-dark main-nav nav-fill py-0"> <div class="main-nav-container container mx-auto px-0"></div> <div aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" style="position: relative"> <div id="toast_container" style="position: absolute; top: 40px; right: 5px; z-index: 10"></div></div> </nav></div><div class="offcanvas offcanvas-start" tabindex="-1" id="HamburgerSidebar" aria-labelledby="HamburgerSidebarLabel"> <div class="offcanvas-header"> <h5 class="offcanvas-title" id="HamburgerSidebarLabel"></h5> <button type="button" class="btn-close text-reset" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button></div> <div class="offcanvas-body px-0 pt-0"> <div class="search-container w-100 ps-3"><form id="searchform" action="/tv/search" method="get"> <div class="input-group pe-5"> <div class="form-floating"> <input type="text" name="query" placeholder="Search" id="searchbox" class="form-control" value=""> <label for="searchbox">Search</label></div> <button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" onclick="$('#searchform').submit()"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> </button></div></form></div> <ul class="navbar-side nav-bar"><div class="menu-side-sections row me-1"> <div class="navbar-side-item col-12"> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/">Home</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/techbriefs">Tech Briefs</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tv">Tech Briefs TV</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/webcasts">Webinars</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/webcasts/podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/whitepapers">White Papers</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/stories/blog">Blog</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/features/products">Products</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/features">Features</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/resources/special-reports">Special Reports</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/events">Events</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/tb/stories/quiz">Quizzes</a></li></div></div><div id="sidebar-accordion" class="navbar-side-item" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true"><div id="menu-side-hubs"> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software">Electronics & Software</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-874" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-874" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-874"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-874" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-874"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software/software">Software</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software/communications">Communications</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software/lighting">Lighting</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software/electrical-electronics">Electrical/Electronics</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software/rf-microwave-electronics">RF & Microwave Electronics</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software/semiconductors-ics">Semiconductors & ICs</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software/energy">Energy</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/tb/topic/photonics-imaging">Photonics & Imaging</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-876" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-876" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-876"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-876" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-876"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/photonics-imaging/photonics-optics">Photonics/Optics</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/photonics-imaging/imaging">Imaging</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/tb/topic/motion-control-automation">Motion Control/Automation</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-877" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-877" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-877"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-877" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-877"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/motion-control-automation/motion-control">Motion Control</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/motion-control-automation/robotics-automation-control">Robotics, Automation & Control</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/tb/topic/sensors-test">Sensors & Test</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-878" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-878" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-878"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-878" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-878"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/sensors-test/test-measurement">Test & Measurement</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/sensors-test/sensors-data-acquisition">Sensors/Data Acquisition</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing">Materials & Manufacturing</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-879" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-879" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-879"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-879" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-879"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing/manufacturing-prototyping">Manufacturing & Prototyping</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing/materials-coatings">Materials & Coatings</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/tb/topic/mechanical-mechatronics">Mechanical/Mechatronics</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-880" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-880" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-880"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-880" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-880"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/mechanical-mechatronics/mechanical-fluid-systems">Mechanical & Fluid Systems</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/mechanical-mechatronics/propulsion">Propulsion</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/mechanical-mechatronics/transportation">Transportation</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/tb/topic/mechanical-mechatronics/automotive">Automotive</a></p></div></div></div></div><div class="menu-side-explore row mt-2 me-1 tb-mediagroup"> <div class="explore-title col-10 navbar-side-item"> <h6 class="my-2">Explore SAE Media Group</h6></div> <div id="explore-heading" class="col-2 navbar-side-item panel-heading" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed mt-1" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#explore-collapse" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="explore-collapse"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="explore-collapse" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="explore-heading"> <div class="explore-wrapper col-12"> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/">Medical Design Briefs</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="https://www.mobilityengineeringtech.com/">Mobility Engineering Technology</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="https://createthefuturecontest.com">Create the Future Design Contest</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="/tb/spinoff">NASA Spinoffs</a></li></div></div></div><div class="col-12 px-0"> <li class="me-3"> <p><a href="/component/content/article/52261-doc-9535" class="side-link w-75"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1733143663/sites/tb/covers/TB-2024-12.jpg' class='w-50 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Magazine cover' /></a></p> <p><a href="/component/content/article/52261-doc-9535" class="side-link text-uppercase">Current Issue</a></p></li> <li> <p><a href="/tb/magazine/archives" class="side-link text-uppercase">Magazine Archives</a></p></li> <li> <p> <a href="https://tbm.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=TEBland" target="_km"> <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> SUBSCRIBE <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> </button> </a></p></li></div><div class="menu-side-followus mb-5"> <hr class="ms-0 me-4 my-1"> <div class="followus-wrapper my-3"> <div class="title-wrapper"> <h6 class="mb-0">FOLLOW US</h6></div> <div class="menu-wrapper"> <p class="text-primary"> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=facebook&username=TechBriefsMagazine" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-facebook"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=twitter&username=TechBriefsMag" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-square-x-twitter"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=linkedin_company&username=sae-media-group" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=instagram&username=techbriefs" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-instagram"></i></a></p></div></div></div></div></ul></div></div></header> <section id="print-only-message" class="printmessage"> <h6><img data-src="https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/q_auto,f_auto/sites/tb/template/tbtvlogo-print.png" class="printlogo lazyload"/></h6> </section> <span itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <meta itemprop="name" content="SAE Media Group"/> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com"/> <span itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com/templates/tbmg/images/tbmg_logo.png"/> <meta itemprop="width" content="210"/> <meta itemprop="height" content="50"/> </span> </span><div class="container"><nav aria-label="breadcrumb"> <ol itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/tv"><span itemprop="name">TV</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/tv/manufacturing-prototyping"><span itemprop="name">Manufacturing & Prototyping</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current="page"> <span> Article</span></li></ol> </nav><div id="system-message-container"></div><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm','md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'techbriefs.com_1800x450',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/techbriefs.com_1800x450',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid'],div_id:'GAM_pos_11_modid_337',target_pos:'11',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_11_modid_337' class=""></div></div></div><article id="video" class="item-page" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"> <div class="row "> <div class="left-column col-md-3 col-12 pe-md-0 my-3"><form id="searchform" action="/tv/search" method="get"> <div class="input-group pe-5"> <div class="form-floating"> <input type="text" name="query" placeholder="Search" id="searchbox" class="form-control" value=""> <label for="searchbox">Search</label></div> <button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" onclick="$('#searchform').submit()"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> </button></div></form></div> <div class="right-column col-md-9 col-12 mt-md-0 mt-3"> <div class="marquee row"> <div class="col"> <h2 class="hub-overline d-inline-block py-3 my-0">Manufacturing & Prototyping</h2></div> <div class="sponsor-box col"><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm','md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'techbriefs.com_200x75',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/techbriefs.com_200x75',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[200,75]],div_id:'GAM_pos_10_modid_368',target_pos:'10',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_10_modid_368' class=""></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="row"> <div class="left-column col-12 col-md-3 mt-0 pe-md-0 pe-3"><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm','md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'techbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/techbriefs.com_450x450_300x300',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[200,75]],div_id:'GAM_pos_21_modid_377',target_pos:'21',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_21_modid_377' class=""></div></div></div><div class="nav-tvmenu w-100"> <div class="wrapper col-12 px-md-2 px-0 py-2"> <div class="d-none d-md-block border-top pt-3"> <h6 class="text-primary pt-1 text-uppercase">CHANNELS</h6> <p class="py-1 my-0 border-bottom "> <a href="/tv/aerospace">Aerospace</a></p> <p class="py-1 my-0 border-bottom "> <a href="/tv/automotive">Automotive</a></p> <p class="py-1 my-0 border-bottom "> <a href="/tv/automated-autonomous-vehicles">Automated & Autonomous Vehicles</a></p> <p class="py-1 my-0 border-bottom "> <a href="/tv/battery-electrification-technology">Battery & Electrification Technology</a></p> <p class="py-1 my-0 border-bottom "> <a href="/tv/defense">Defense</a></p> <p class="py-1 my-0 border-bottom "> <a href="/tv/electronics">Electronics</a></p> <p class="py-1 my-0 border-bottom active"> <a href="/tv/manufacturing-prototyping">Manufacturing & Prototyping</a></p> <p class="py-1 my-0 border-bottom "> <a href="/tv/materials">Materials</a></p> <p class="py-1 my-0 border-bottom "> <a href="/tv/medical">Medical</a></p> <p class="py-1 my-0 border-bottom "> <a href="/tv/motion-control">Motion Control</a></p> <p class="py-1 my-0 border-bottom "> <a href="/tv/photonics">Photonics</a></p> <p class="py-1 my-0 border-bottom "> <a href="/tv/rf-microwave-technology">RF & Microwave Technology</a></p> <p class="py-1 my-0 border-bottom "> <a href="/tv/robotics-automation">Robotics & Automation</a></p> <p class="py-1 my-0 border-bottom "> <a href="/tv/sensors-iot">Sensors & IoT</a></p> <p class="py-1 my-0 border-bottom "> <a href="/tv/test-measurement">Test & Measurement</a></p></div> <div class="dropdown col-12 d-md-none d-block px-0"> <button class="btn btn-primary btn-lg dropdown-toggle w-100 text-capitalize" type="button" id="channel_dropdown_button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" data-bs-display="static" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true">CHANNELS </button> <div class="dropdown-menu w-100" aria-labelledby="channel_dropdown_button"> <a class="dropdown-item text" href="/tv/aerospace" >Aerospace</a> <div class="dropdown-divider my-0"></div> <a class="dropdown-item text" href="/tv/automotive" >Automotive</a> <div class="dropdown-divider my-0"></div> <a class="dropdown-item text" href="/tv/automated-autonomous-vehicles" >Automated & Autonomous Vehicles</a> <div class="dropdown-divider my-0"></div> <a class="dropdown-item text" href="/tv/battery-electrification-technology" >Battery & Electrification Technology</a> <div class="dropdown-divider my-0"></div> <a class="dropdown-item text" href="/tv/defense" >Defense</a> <div class="dropdown-divider my-0"></div> <a class="dropdown-item text" href="/tv/electronics" >Electronics</a> <div class="dropdown-divider my-0"></div> <a class="dropdown-item text active" href="/tv/manufacturing-prototyping" >Manufacturing & Prototyping</a> <div class="dropdown-divider my-0"></div> <a class="dropdown-item text" href="/tv/materials" >Materials</a> <div class="dropdown-divider my-0"></div> <a class="dropdown-item text" href="/tv/medical" >Medical</a> <div class="dropdown-divider my-0"></div> <a class="dropdown-item text" href="/tv/motion-control" >Motion Control</a> <div class="dropdown-divider my-0"></div> <a class="dropdown-item text" href="/tv/photonics" >Photonics</a> <div class="dropdown-divider my-0"></div> <a class="dropdown-item text" href="/tv/rf-microwave-technology" >RF & Microwave Technology</a> <div class="dropdown-divider my-0"></div> <a class="dropdown-item text" href="/tv/robotics-automation" >Robotics & Automation</a> <div class="dropdown-divider my-0"></div> <a class="dropdown-item text" href="/tv/sensors-iot" >Sensors & IoT</a> <div class="dropdown-divider my-0"></div> <a class="dropdown-item text" href="/tv/test-measurement" >Test & Measurement</a> <div class="dropdown-divider my-0"></div> <a class="dropdown-item text" href="/tv/aerospace-defense" >Aerospace & Defense</a> <div class="dropdown-divider my-0"></div> <a class="dropdown-item text" href="/tv/search?layout=csejson" >Search Results</a></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="right-column col-md-9 col-12"> <div class="top-video mb-5"> <div class="videobox-wrapper w-100"> <div class="avPlayerWrapper avVideo"> <div class="avPlayerContainer"> <div id="AVPlayerID_0_203ae5c2774f808aa5ddf048075338f8" class="avPlayerBlock"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/PBm9MbwvN60?rel=0&fs=1&wmode=transparent" width="400" height="300" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="true" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" title="JoomlaWorks AllVideos Player"></iframe></div></div></div> <div class="article-title mt-3"> <h1 itemprop="headline">Small Airway-on-a-Chip: Modeling Lung Inflammatory Diseases and Asthma</h1></div> <a id="startOfPage"></a> <p>A research team at Harvard University's Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering has leveraged its organ-on-a-chip technology to develop a model of the human small airway in which lung inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the third leading cause of mortality worldwide, and asthma can be studied outside the human body. Demand for such opportunities is especially high since small airway inflammation cannot be adequately studied in human patients or animal models and, to date, there are no effective therapies that can stop or reverse the complex and widespread inflammation-driven processes. The platform allows researchers to gain new insights into the disease mechanisms, identify novel biomarkers, and test new drug candidates.</p> <hr> <div class="ntb_tagsbot"> <div class="taglist"> <strong class="sans-serif text-small">Topics:</strong><br> <a class="badge bg-primary link-white fw-light sans-serif text-small fst-normal" href="/component/ntb_tags/topic/manufacturing_prototyping/manufacturing_prototyping/tb/*?start=0"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-industry-windows"></i> Manufacturing & Prototyping</a> <a class="badge bg-primary link-white fw-light sans-serif text-small fst-normal" href="/component/ntb_tags/topic/medical/medical/tb/*?start=0"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-book-medical"></i> Medical</a> <a class="badge bg-primary link-white fw-light sans-serif text-small fst-normal" href="/component/ntb_tags/topic/test_measurement/test_measurement/tb/*?start=0"> <i class="fa-duotone fa-scale-balanced"></i> Test & Measurement</a></div></div> <div class="related-content"> <hr> <h4>More From SAE Media Group</h4> <div class="row row-cols-1 row-cols-lg-2 g-1"> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Tech Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/27188-graphene-based-sensor-for-improved-evaluation-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-asthma?r=31330">Graphene-Based Sensor for Improved Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Asthma</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1551276537/sites/tb/articles/2017/briefs/07_NTB-0717-p50_fig1.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Tech Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/36866-smart-bandages-monitor-and-tailor-treatment-for-chronic-wounds?r=31330">Smart Bandages Monitor and Tailor Treatment for Chronic Wounds</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIGhlaWdodD0iNTczIj48cmVjdCB4PSIwIiB5PSIwIiB3aWR0aD0iMTAyNCIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1NzMiIGZpbGw9IiNkOWM3YmIiIC8+PGcgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJzY2FsZSg2LjgyKSB0cmFuc2xhdGUoMC41IDAuNSkiPjxyZWN0IGZpbGw9IiM5MTJhMGEiIGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iMC41MCIgeD0iNTAiIHk9IjE1IiB3aWR0aD0iMzIiIGhlaWdodD0iNTAiIC8+PHBvbHlnb24gZmlsbD0iIzUzMzAyOCIgZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5PSIwLjUwIiBwb2ludHM9IjEwNi4yOSwyMS40NiwxNjUuMDAsMjQuMTIsMTQ1LjczLDYuOTMsMTAzLjk0LDEzLjAxIiAvPjxlbGxpcHNlIGZpbGw9IiNmZmZmZmYiIGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iMC41MCIgY3g9IjI4IiBjeT0iMCIgcng9IjIxIiByeT0iNTkiIC8+PHBvbHlnb24gZmlsbD0iIzgzNDAyNSIgZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5PSIwLjUwIiBwb2ludHM9IjExOSw2NyAxMjcsMzggNzYsNjIiIC8+PGVsbGlwc2UgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZmZmZiIgZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5PSIwLjUwIiBjeD0iNjkiIGN5PSIwIiByeD0iNzgiIHJ5PSIxNSIgLz48L2c+PC9zdmc+' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1589375469/sites/tb/features-16x9/36866/tb-0520-p45_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Tech Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/31536-this-robot-smokes-cigarettes-so?r=31330">Cigarette-Smoking Robot Helps Scientists Understand Lung Disease</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1698804800/sites/tbtv/youtube/31536_188127494.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Tech Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/31771-biliscreen-app-could-help-diagn?r=31330">'BiliScreen' App Could Help Diagnose Pancreatic Cancer with a Selfie</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1631989682/sites/tbtv/youtube/31771_xAI-95DSZi8.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="row g-1 collapse more_related show"> <div class="col-12"> <span class="mx-auto d-block badge bg-primary text-uppercase sans-serif mt-2" style="width:200px" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target=".more_related" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls=="#more_related"> More <i class="fad fa-chevron-double-down"></i> </span></div></div> <div class="row row-cols-1 row-cols-lg-2 g-1 more-related collapse more_related" id="more_related"> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Tech Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/51672-5ws-of-the-smart-mask?r=31330">5Ws of the Smart Mask</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1728991176/sites/tb/features-16x9/51672/tb-1124-5ws-fig2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Medical Design Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/component/content/article/36632-medtronic-shares-ventilation-design-specifications-to-accelerate-efforts-to-increase-global-ventilator-production?r=31330">Medtronic Shares Ventilation Design Specifications to Accelerate Efforts to Increase Global Ventilator Production</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1586322867/sites/mdb/features-16x9/36632/medtronic-ventilator-pb560-1000-2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Medical Design Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/component/content/article/39339-algorithms-wearables-help-monitor-parkinson-s?r=31330">Algorithms, Wearables Help Monitor Parkinson’s</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1622833178/sites/mdb/features-16x9/39339/mdb-magazine-060121-wearablesensorsforpark_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Tech Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/38342-handheld-device-measures-cancer-biomarkers?r=31330">Handheld Device Measures Cancer Biomarkers</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1668559979/sites/tb/features-16x9/38342/health-846780_1280_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Medical Design Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/component/content/article/13141-40431-163?r=31330">Device Helps Patients Avoid Intubation, Improve Outcomes, Reduce Cost</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1542187963/sites/mdb/articles/2012/applications/40431-163_fig1.png' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Medical Design Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/component/content/article/36928-from-the-editor-covid-19-ushers-in-new-technologies-and-a-new-paradigm-for-the-medical-device-industry?r=31330">From the Editor - COVID-19 Ushers in New Technologies and a New Paradigm for the Medical Device Industry</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1590526390/sites/mdb/features-16x9/36928/brookhaven-scientific-data-computing-center-hr_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Tech Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/46038-a-magnetic-tentacle-robot-finds-path-to-the-lungs?r=31330">A ‘Magnetic Tentacle Robot’ Finds Path to the Lungs</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1654715253/sites/tb/features-16x9/46038/tentacle-robot_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Medical Design Briefs INSIDER</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/component/content/article/36216-new-technology-could-speed-treatment-of-respiratory-diseases?r=31330">New Technology Could Speed Treatment of Respiratory Diseases</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIGhlaWdodD0iNTczIj48cmVjdCB4PSIwIiB5PSIwIiB3aWR0aD0iMTAyNCIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1NzMiIGZpbGw9IiM3YTc2NjgiIC8+PGcgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJzY2FsZSg2LjgyKSB0cmFuc2xhdGUoMC41IDAuNSkiPjxnIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDQ3Ljg1IDE1LjU3KSByb3RhdGUoMTA2LjY1KSBzY2FsZSgyMy4yNyA2NS41OSkiPjxlbGxpcHNlIGZpbGw9IiNlZGU4ZDYiIGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iMC41MCIgY3g9IjAiIGN5PSIwIiByeD0iMSIgcnk9IjEiIC8+PC9nPjxlbGxpcHNlIGZpbGw9IiMwMDA2MDciIGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iMC41MCIgY3g9IjE5IiBjeT0iNjgiIHJ4PSI3OSIgcnk9IjIzIiAvPjxnIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDE0NC44MiAyNy40NCkgcm90YXRlKDM0Ni4zMikgc2NhbGUoMjguODkgMzAuMTgpIj48ZWxsaXBzZSBmaWxsPSIjMzIxMTAwIiBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9IjAuNTAiIGN4PSIwIiBjeT0iMCIgcng9IjEiIHJ5PSIxIiAvPjwvZz48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgxMTQgNTYpIHJvdGF0ZSg4Mykgc2NhbGUoOSAzOSkiPjxyZWN0IGZpbGw9IiNmZmZmZmYiIGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iMC41MCIgeD0iLTAuNSIgeT0iLTAuNSIgd2lkdGg9IjEiIGhlaWdodD0iMSIgLz48L2c+PGcgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoMjcuMTIgMzkuNjcpIHJvdGF0ZSg2Mi4wNSkgc2NhbGUoNy45OCAyNi4yMikiPjxlbGxpcHNlIGZpbGw9IiMwMDAzMDkiIGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iMC41MCIgY3g9IjAiIGN5PSIwIiByeD0iMSIgcnk9IjEiIC8+PC9nPjwvZz48L3N2Zz4=' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1594175960/sites/mdb/articles/2020/insider/20200228_Medical_Story2.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Medical Design Briefs INSIDER</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/component/content/article/35382-smart-shirt-could-monitor-lung-disease?r=31330">‘Smart Shirt’ Could Monitor Lung Disease</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1587948849/sites/mdb/articles/2019/insider/20191008_Medical_Story3.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Medical Design Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/component/content/article/38743-fast-cheap-covid-19-antibody-test?r=31330">Fast, Cheap COVID-19 Antibody Test</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1615240989/sites/mdb/features-16x9/38743/holonyak-mdb-march,-randd_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Tech Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/30495-miniature-lab-can-diagnose-dise?r=31330">Miniature Lab Can Diagnose Disease in the Field</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1631472666/sites/tbtv/youtube/30495_vpxnJM2jSVg.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Medical Design Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/component/content/article/39332-from-the-editor-new-innovative-technologies-continue-to-emerge-in-the-fight-against-covid-19?r=31330">From the Editor - New Innovative Technologies Continue to Emerge in the Fight Against COVID-19</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1623776372/sites/mdb/features-16x9/39332/medivolve_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Tech Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/38854-smartphone-based-diabetes-detector?r=31330">Smartphone-Based Diabetes Detector</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1672495385/sites/tb/features-16x9/38854/april-tech-brief-april-2021,-diabetes-detector_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Tech Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/48046-rice-tech-could-deliver-time-released-drugs-vaccines?r=31330">Rice Tech Could Deliver Time-Released Drugs, Vaccines</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1708076619/sites/tbtv/youtube/48046_qWE_28gFgxE.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Tech Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/34636-u-s-army-aeromedical-research-laboratory?r=31330">Facility Focus: U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1564578881/sites/tb/features-16x9/34636/tb-0619-p56_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Medical Manufacturing and Machining INSIDER</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/component/content/article/38582-faster-cheaper-method-developed-to-produce-microfluidics?r=31330">Faster, Cheaper Method Developed to Produce Microfluidics</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1612991895/sites/mdb/features-16x9/38582/20210211_medical_manufacturing_story3_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Medical Design Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/component/content/article/39480-system-prints-biological-tissue-in-30-seconds?r=31330">System Prints Biological Tissue in 30 Seconds</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1625361490/sites/mdb/features-16x9/39480/mdb-0721-p23_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Medical Design Briefs INSIDER</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/component/content/article/35581-miniaturized-sensor-measures-babies-oxygen-levels?r=31330">Miniaturized Sensor Measures Babies' Oxygen Levels</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1589811642/sites/mdb/articles/2019/insider/20191121_Medical_Story1.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Medical Design Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/component/content/article/39485-portable-covid-test-delivers-fast-accurate-results?r=31330">Portable COVID Test Delivers Fast, Accurate Results</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1626015675/sites/mdb/features-16x9/39485/mdb-0721-p35_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Medical Design Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/component/content/article/36912-disposable-device-treats-severe-side-effect-of-cancer?r=31330">Disposable Device Treats Severe Side-Effect of Cancer</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1590004075/sites/mdb/features-16x9/36912/mdb-0520-p26_fig2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Tech Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/31497-simple-blood-test-could-be-used?r=31330">Simple Blood Test Could Be Used to Detect Breast Cancer</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1631588988/sites/tbtv/youtube/31497_VpKTzGEw4F4.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Tech Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/31949-ampli-modular-blocks-can-be-asse?r=31330">'Ampli' Modular Blocks Can Be Assembled Into Different Diagnostic Devices</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1631656736/sites/tbtv/youtube/31949_Eemu8OMjZ-A.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Medical Design Briefs INSIDER</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/component/content/article/33142-inexpensive-tb-test-holds-promise-for-low-income-countries?r=31330">Inexpensive TB Test Holds Promise for Low-Income Countries</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1571921903/sites/mdb/articles/2018/insider/1008_MDB_Story4.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Tech Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/46854-biosensors-medtech-s-greatest-detectives?r=31330">Biosensors: Medtech’s Greatest Detectives</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1666894699/sites/tb/features-16x9/46854/internal-organs-7111052_1920_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Tech Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/38041-diagnostics-advance-3d-printing-microfluidic-channels-on-a-sphere?r=31330">Diagnostics Advance: 3D Printing Microfluidic Channels on a Sphere</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1604520386/sites/tb/features-16x9/38041/sphere_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col "> <div class="card text-dark border-primary border-start-0 border-bottom-0 border-end-0 rounded-0 h-100"> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="card-body p-1 pb-0"> <h6 class="tb-topic-overline text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size:0.7rem">Tech Briefs</h6> <div class="w-100"></div> <a class="m-0 fw-lighter text-black related_item_link d-inline-block" href="https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/46880-continuous-monitoring-device-assesses-parkinson-s-severity?r=31330">Continuous Monitoring Device Assesses Parkinson's Severity</a></div></div> <div class="col-3 col-lg-4 position-relative"> <div class="d-inline-block"> <img src='data:image/svg+xml;base64,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' data-src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_200/v1700082125/sites/tbtv/youtube/46880_8lFzABIEGBE.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='200' alt='Related Article Image' /></div></div></div></div></div></div> <ul></ul></div>  <div class="jwDisqusForm"> <div id="disqus_thread"></div> <script> var disqus_developer = '0'; var disqus_config = function(){ // TBMG -- use NTB canonicalURL instead of itemURL this.page.url = 'https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/31330-small-airway-on-a-chip-modeling'; // TBMG this.page.identifier = '0e9876ef7f_id31330'; // TBMG -- added article title as disqus_title this.page.title = "Small Airway-on-a-Chip: Modeling Lung Inflammatory Diseases and Asthma"; // TBMG this.language = ''; }; (function() { var d = document, s = d.createElement('script'); s.src = 'https://techbriefs.disqus.com/embed.js'; s.setAttribute('data-timestamp', +new Date()); (d.head || d.body).appendChild(s); })(); </script> <noscript> <a href="https://techbriefs.disqus.com/?url=ref_noscript">View the discussion thread.</a> </noscript> <div id="jwDisqusFormFooter">    <div class="clr"></div></div></div> <div class="clr"></div></div></div></div></div> </article><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm','md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'techbriefs.com_1200x150',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/techbriefs.com_1200x150',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid'],div_id:'GAM_pos_14_modid_344',target_pos:'14',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_14_modid_344' class=""></div></div></div><footer><div class="newsmatrix-hubheadlines mt-5 sans-serif row"> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-1 col-lg-3 col-6 order-lg-5"> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/stories/blog" rel="nofollow">Blog</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52266-my-opinion-industrial-symbiosis-is-good-for-the-environment-and-for-the-pocketbook"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1734467769/sites/tb/features-16x9/52266/121824-tb-blog_adobe_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52266-my-opinion-industrial-symbiosis-is-good-for-the-environment-and-for-the-pocketbook">My Opinion: Industrial Symbiosis Is Good for the Environment and for the...</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52263-meet-mobiprint-a-mobile-3d-printer-that-can-automatically-measure-a-room-and-print-to-the-specs">Meet MobiPrint: A Mobile 3D Printer that Can Automatically Measure a Room and...</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/28772-answering-your-questions-lithium-air-vs-lithium-ion-batteries">Answering Your Questions: Lithium-Air Battery vs. Lithium-Ion</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-2 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/topic/electronics-software" rel="nofollow">Electronics & Software</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52250-navigating-the-transition-understanding-rss-102-issue-6-updates-and-implications"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1733985060/sites/tb/features-16x9/52250/121324-tb-quiz_gavel_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52250-navigating-the-transition-understanding-rss-102-issue-6-updates-and-implications">Navigating the Transition: Understanding RSS-102 Issue 6 Updates and...</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/28337-comparison-between-wave-soldering-and-reflow-soldering">Comparison Between Wave Soldering and Reflow Soldering</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/26379-printed-electronics-the-future-is-flexible">Printed Electronics: The Future Is Flexible</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-3 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/topic/photonics-imaging" rel="nofollow">Photonics & Imaging</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52222-product-of-the-month-tb-1224"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1733320209/sites/tb/features-16x9/52222/tb-1224-p34_fig1r_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52222-product-of-the-month-tb-1224">Product of the Month</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/20063-ccd-and-cmos-sensors">CCD and CMOS Sensors</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/14324-0511ltp6">Polycarbonate Seen As Top Choice for LED Lighting</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-4 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/topic/motion-control-automation" rel="nofollow">Motion Control/Automation</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52254-helping-robots-make-good-decisions-in-real-time"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1734038191/sites/tb/features-16x9/52254/20241213_motion_design_story3_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52254-helping-robots-make-good-decisions-in-real-time">Helping Robots Make Good Decisions in Real Time</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/20013-the-modern-industrial-workhorse-pid-controllers">The Modern Industrial Workhorse: PID Controllers</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/26431-the-basics-of-encoder-selection-2">The Basics of Encoder Selection</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-5 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/topic/sensors-test" rel="nofollow">Sensors & Test</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52247-mit-team-takes-a-major-step-toward-fully-3d-printed-active-electronics"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1733863104/sites/tb/features-16x9/52247/20241211_electronics_sensors_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52247-mit-team-takes-a-major-step-toward-fully-3d-printed-active-electronics">MIT Team Takes a Major Step Toward Fully 3D-Printed Active Electronics</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/33212-smart-sensor-technology-for-the-iot">Smart Sensor Technology for the IoT</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/27510-networking-the-iot-with-ieee-802-15-4-6lowpan">Networking the IoT with IEEE 802.15.4/6LoWPAN</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-6 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/topic/materials-manufacturing" rel="nofollow">Materials & Manufacturing</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52252-magnetically-controlled-kirigami-surfaces-move-objects-no-grasping-needed"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1734037907/sites/tb/features-16x9/52252/20241213_motion_design_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52252-magnetically-controlled-kirigami-surfaces-move-objects-no-grasping-needed">Magnetically Controlled Kirigami Surfaces Move Objects: No Grasping Needed</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/14234-msc-24389-1">High-Thermal-Conductivity Fabrics</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/9998-34454-200">Laser Beam vs. Electron Beam Welding Which process works best for what?</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-7 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/topic/mechanical-mechatronics" rel="nofollow">Mechanical/Mechatronics</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52253-bird-inspired-drone-can-jump-for-take-off"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1734038047/sites/tb/features-16x9/52253/20241213_motion_design_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52253-bird-inspired-drone-can-jump-for-take-off">Bird-Inspired Drone Can Jump for Take-Off</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/22850-mechanical-carbon-materials-for-aircraft-seal-applications">Mechanical Carbon Materials for Aircraft Seal Applications</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/18889-sae-2012-01-0426">Brushless Motors for In-Tank Fuel Pumps</a></p></div> <div class="newsmatrix-block order-8 col-lg-3 col-6 "> <h6 class="mt-2"> <a href="/tb/webcasts/podcasts" rel="nofollow">Podcasts</a></h6> <a class="w-100 newsmatrix_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52229-the-rise-of-advanced-sensor-technologies"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1733516507/sites/mdb/features-16x9/52229/120624-mdb-podcast_sensors_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></a> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52229-the-rise-of-advanced-sensor-technologies">The Rise of Advanced Sensor Technologies</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52115-how-pratt-whitney-uses-a-robot-to-help-build-jet-engines">How Pratt & Whitney Uses a Robot to Help Build Jet Engines</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a class="newsmatrix_module_link text-dark" href="/component/content/article/52100-scaling-manufacturing-and-production-for-data-as-a-service-electric-drone">Scaling Manufacturing and Production for 'Data as a Service' Electric Drone</a></p></div></div><hr class="border-top border-primary"> <nav id="footernav" class="sans-serif"> <div class="footer-bottom row"> <div class="left-column col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-12"><div class="menu-footer-bottom"> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/about">About</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/">Medical Design Briefs</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.mobilityengineeringtech.com/">Mobility Engineering Technology</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://status.saemediagroup.com/">Service Status</a></p></div><div id="cb-form" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="exampleModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-sm mt-5" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title" id="exampleModalLabel">Sign In</h5> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button></div> <div class="modal-body"> <form action="https://www.techbriefs.com/account/login" method="post" id="login-form" class="form-inline cbLoginForm" data-bs-target="#cb-form"> <input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_comprofiler"/> <input type="hidden" name="view" value="login"/> <input type="hidden" name="op2" value="login"/> <input type="hidden" name="return" value="B:aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGVjaGJyaWVmcy5jb20vY29tcG9uZW50L2NvbnRlbnQvYXJ0aWNsZS8zMTMzMC1zbWFsbC1haXJ3YXktb24tYS1jaGlwLW1vZGVsaW5nP209MTQyOQ=="/> <input type="hidden" name="message" value="0"/> <input type="hidden" name="loginfrom" value="loginmodule"/> <input type="hidden" name="7bc7b98aa7575e23e52f1493ae85f7bc" value="1" /> <div class="form-floating mb-3 w-100"> <input name="username" type="text" class="form-control col-8" id="inputUserName" placeholder="Username"> <label for="inputUserName">Username or Email</label></div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 w-100"> <input name="passwd" type="password" class="form-control col-8" id="inputPassword" placeholder="Password"> <label for="inputPassword">Password</label></div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary col-12 mb-3">Submit <i class="fas fa-sign-in ms-2"></i></button> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/account/forgot-login" class="col-12"> <i class="fas fa-unlock-alt me-2"></i> Forgot Login? </a> <div class="posttext cb_template cb_template_default"> <p><i>By submitting your personal information, you agree that SAE Media Group and carefully selected industry sponsors of this content may contact you and that you have read and agree to the <a href="/privacy">Privacy Policy</a>. </i></p> <p><i>You may reach us at <a href="mailto:privacy@saemediagroup.com">privacy@saemediagroup.com</a>. </i></p> <p><i>You may unsubscribe at any time.</i></p></div></form></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mid-column col-sm-3 col-12"><div class="menu-footer-bottom"> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/tb/subscription-services">Subscriber Services</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/tb/feedback">Feedback</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com/company-directory">Contact Us</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/tb/sitemap">Site Map</a></p></div></div> <div class="right-column col-sm-3 col-12"><div class="menu-footer-bottom"> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com">Advertise</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/privacy">Privacy Policy</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/cookie-usage-statement">Cookie Usage</a></p></div><p class="menu-footer-followus my-2"> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=facebook&username=TechBriefsMagazine" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-facebook"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=twitter&username=TechBriefsMag" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-square-x-twitter"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=linkedin_company&username=sae-media-group" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin"></i></a> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582&service_nickname=instagram&username=techbriefs" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-instagram"></i></a></p></div></div> </nav> <div class="row mb-5"> <div class="copyright col-12"> <p class="font-italic small">© 2009-2024 SAE Media Group</p></div></div> </footer></div><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/cloudinary-core/2.13.1/cloudinary-core-shrinkwrap.min.js" tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-stp48jOOmT4TXnB4bMJ0rlcR7XagE92cqr7pEb+oFQox6qNSyKiN31GajDsg5VVn+HgM5mhOZinSRXowsRmgPg=="></script><script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/e04325f501.js" tb-donotmove async crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/masonry/4.2.2/masonry.pkgd.min.js" tb-donotmove async crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-JRlcvSZAXT8+5SQQAvklXGJuxXTouyq8oIMaYERZQasB8SBDHZaUbeASsJWpk0UUrf89DP3/aefPPrlMR1h1yQ=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/lazysizes.min.js" tb-donotmove async crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-q583ppKrCRc7N5O0n2nzUiJ+suUv7Et1JGels4bXOaMFQcamPk9HjdUknZuuFjBNs7tsMuadge5k9RzdmO+1GQ=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.7.1/jquery.min.js" tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-v2CJ7UaYy4JwqLDIrZUI/4hqeoQieOmAZNXBeQyjo21dadnwR+8ZaIJVT8EE2iyI61OV8e6M8PP2/4hpQINQ/g=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap/5.2.3/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-i9cEfJwUwViEPFKdC1enz4ZRGBj8YQo6QByFTF92YXHi7waCqyexvRD75S5NVTsSiTv7rKWqG9Y5eFxmRsOn0A=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/js/bootstrap-select.min.js" defer tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-yrOmjPdp8qH8hgLfWpSFhC/+R9Cj9USL8uJxYIveJZGAiedxyIxwNw4RsLDlcjNlIRR4kkHaDHSmNHAkxFTmgg=="></script><script type="text/javascript" tb-donotmove> $(function () { var cl = cloudinary.Cloudinary.new({ cloud_name: "tbmg" }); cl.config({ defaultBreakpoints: [100,200,400,500,800,1000,1200], responsive_use_breakpoints: true, }); cl.responsive(); }); var match_md_max = window.matchMedia("(max-width: 991px)"); $(function () { var tooltipTriggerList = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('[data-bs-toggle="tooltip"]')) var tooltipList = tooltipTriggerList.map(function (tooltipTriggerEl) { return new bootstrap.Tooltip(tooltipTriggerEl) }) }); </script> <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.shareaholic.net/assets/pub/shareaholic.js" as="script"/> <meta name="shareaholic:site_id" content="65befd2e10310fbce11aee6ee90bf582"/> <script data-cfasync="false" async src="https://cdn.shareaholic.net/assets/pub/shareaholic.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" tb-donotmove> $(function () { // olytics 3.0 window.olytics || (window.olytics = []), window.olytics.methods = ["fire", "confirm"], window.olytics.factory = function (i) { return function () { var t = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); return t.unshift(i), window.olytics.push(t), window.olytics } }; for (var i = 0; i < window.olytics.methods.length; i++) { var method = window.olytics.methods[i]; window.olytics[method] = window.olytics.factory(method) } olytics.load = function (i) { if (!document.getElementById("olyticsImport")) { window.a = window.olytics; var t = document.createElement("script"); t.async = !0, t.id = "olyticsImport", t.type = "text/javascript"; var o = ""; void 0 !== i && void 0 !== i.oid && (o = i.oid), t.setAttribute("data-oid", o), t.src = "https://olytics.omeda.com/olytics/js/v3/p/olytics.min.js", t.addEventListener("load", function (t) { for (olytics.initialize({Olytics: i}); window.a.length > 0;) { var o = window.a.shift(), s = o.shift(); olytics[s] && olytics[s].apply(olytics, o) } }, !1); var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t, s) } }, olytics.load({oid: "c1d61b8c10b7440fb3c59fe5b6424a6b"}); }); </script><noscript> <img height="1" width="1" style="display:none;" alt="" src="https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=3077140&fmt=gif" class="nolazyload"/> </noscript>  <script src="https://static.techbriefs.com/media/system/js/core.min.js?37ffe4186289eba9c5df81bea44080aff77b9684"></script> <script src="https://static.techbriefs.com/media/vendor/jquery/js/jquery.min.js?3.7.1"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/tb_cmo_2017/css/template.min.css?t=1732180729" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-K26FuLEPyUwYkP20X00ZnEFnfPWvTnNFfxWErl7pCIi2bHy5WpiYx1lJjKVCmzyXV/zV1EqM+1WsGDxZiFfmMQ=="/> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/plugins/print/ls.print.min.js" defer crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-tY3D/iSWSdQE2NSLW/mRWQd/bvHAGjyCLRwSd23sqNbbgVnUaah2t+ZpX7hdBOskZ7PqYvwe4E+qxNARGojJGQ=="></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/limonte-sweetalert2/11.15.0/sweetalert2.all.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-cC031aMSuKiIKH8oEwFmS3QA7k6JP+FK0jAOWOk3en3O14wYqp/z8I6CTGM9/AdSmRavk//8e1p5VZI1U0VadQ=="></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/css/bootstrap-select.min.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-g2SduJKxa4Lbn3GW+Q7rNz+pKP9AWMR++Ta8fgwsZRCUsawjPvF/BxSMkGS61VsR9yinGoEgrHPGPn2mrj8+4w=="/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://olytics.omeda.com/olytics/css/v3/p/olytics.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"/>  <script> var GAM_breakpoint=window.getComputedStyle(document.querySelector('body'),':before').getPropertyValue('content').replace(/"/g,'');window.googletag=window.googletag||{cmd:[]};googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting('sitepage',['TBTV/ManufacturingPrototyping']).setTargeting('site',["TBTV"]).setTargeting('menu_route',["tv\/manufacturing-prototyping"]).setTargeting('menu_topics',["Manufacturing & Prototyping"]).setTargeting('menu_tags',[""]).setTargeting('article_category',["Tech Briefs"]).setTargeting('article_topics',["Medical','Test & Measurement','Manufacturing & Prototyping"]).setTargeting('article_navs',["Videos"]);googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest();googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs();googletag.pubads().setCentering(true);googletag.pubads().setForceSafeFrame(false);googletag.enableServices();});$(function(){function ntb_google_ad_manager_build(item){item_div=$('#'+item.div_id);if(item.display_sizes.includes(GAM_breakpoint)){googletag.cmd.push(function(){var item=this;var item_div=$('#'+item.div_id);size_mapping=[];if(item.size_mapping.length){size_mapping=googletag.sizeMapping();item.size_mapping.forEach(function(size_map){size_mapping.addSize(size_map.view,size_map.map);});size_mapping.build();} var targetSlot=googletag.defineSlot(item.slot,item.slot_ad_sizes,item.div_id).setTargeting('pos',[item.target_pos]).defineSizeMapping(size_mapping);if(item.slot_ad_empty==='default'){targetSlot=targetSlot.setCollapseEmptyDiv(true);} if(item.slot_ad_empty==='collapse'){targetSlot=targetSlot.setCollapseEmptyDiv(true,true);} if(item.slot_ad_empty==='expand'){targetSlot=targetSlot.setCollapseEmptyDiv(false);} targetSlot.addService(googletag.pubads());googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded',function(event){if(event.slot===targetSlot&&event.isEmpty){item_div.parents('.ad-position').addClass('d-none');googletag.destroySlots(event.slot);}});googletag.enableServices();}.bind(item));} else{item_div.parents('.ad-position').addClass('d-none');}} function ntb_google_ad_manager_display(item){if(item.display_all||item.display_sizes.includes(GAM_breakpoint)){googletag.cmd.push(function(){item=this;googletag.display(item.div_id);}.bind(item));}} for(let i=0;i<ntb_google_ad_manager_items.length;i++){ntb_google_ad_manager_build(ntb_google_ad_manager_items[i]);} for(let i=0;i<ntb_google_ad_manager_items.length;i++){ntb_google_ad_manager_display(ntb_google_ad_manager_items[i]);}}); /*! inlined from /media/system/js/keepalive-es5.min.js by ntb_minifier */ (function(){'use strict';if(!window.Joomla){throw new Error('Joomla API was not properly initialised');} var keepAliveOptions=Joomla.getOptions('system.keepalive');var keepAliveInterval=keepAliveOptions&&keepAliveOptions.interval?parseInt(keepAliveOptions.interval,10):45*1000;var keepAliveUri=keepAliveOptions&&keepAliveOptions.uri?keepAliveOptions.uri.replace(/&/g,'&'):'';if(keepAliveUri===''){var systemPaths=Joomla.getOptions('system.paths');keepAliveUri=(systemPaths?systemPaths.root+"/index.php":window.location.pathname)+"?option=com_ajax&format=json";} setInterval(function(){return fetch(keepAliveUri,{method:'POST'});},keepAliveInterval);})(); /*! inlined from /media/legacy/js/$-noconflict.min.js by ntb_minifier */ var $=$.noConflict(); /*! inlined from /media/plg_content_ntb_tagsbot/js/tagsbot.min.js by ntb_minifier */ $(document).ready(function(){var currentTagLinkID=0;$('#ntb_cluster_'+$("#ntb_cluster").children(":selected").attr("value")).show('fast');$("#ntb_cluster").change(function(){$('.ntb_cluster_div').hide('fast');$('#ntb_cluster_'+this.value).show('fast');});$(".currentTagLinks").mouseenter(function(){if(currentTagLinkID!=this.id){currentTagLinkID=this.id;$('.ntb_cluster_div').hide('fast');$('#'+currentTagLinkID.replace('_link','')).show('fast');}});}); /*! inlined from /plugins/content/jw_allvideos/jw_allvideos/includes/js/behaviour.min.js by ntb_minifier */ var allvideos={ready:function(cb){/in/.test(document.readyState)?setTimeout('allvideos.ready('+cb+')',9):cb();},getRemoteJson:function(url){var remoteJsonScript=document.createElement('script');remoteJsonScript.setAttribute('charset','utf-8');remoteJsonScript.setAttribute('type','text/javascript');remoteJsonScript.setAttribute('async','true');remoteJsonScript.setAttribute('src',url);return remoteJsonScript;},embed:function(el){var jsonpCallback=el.callback;var tempId=Math.floor(Math.random()*1000)+1;var responseContainer=[];window[jsonpCallback]=function(response){responseContainer.tempId=[response];};var head=document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0];var jsonp=this.getRemoteJson(el.url);jsonp.onloadDone=false;jsonp.onload=function(){if(!jsonp.onloadDone){jsonp.onloadDone=true;document.getElementById(el.playerID).innerHTML=responseContainer.tempId[0].html;}};jsonp.onreadystatechange=function(){if(("loaded"===jsonp.readyState||"complete"===jsonp.readyState)&&!jsonp.onloadDone){jsonp.onloadDone=true;document.getElementById(el.playerID).innerHTML=responseContainer.tempId[0].html;}} head.appendChild(jsonp);}} function allVideosMakeVideoPoster(source,container){if(source.autoplay||source.poster){return;} var videoClass=source.getAttribute('class');var videoStyle=source.getAttribute('style');var videoURL=source.getAttribute('src');var videoControls=(source.controls?' controls':'');var videoControlsList=(source.controlsList?' controlsList="'+source.controlsList+'"':'');var videoPoster='';var secToSeek=5;var v=document.createElement('video');v.setAttribute('preload','metadata');v.src=videoURL+'#t='+secToSeek;v.onseeked=function(e){var canvas=document.createElement('canvas');canvas.width=v.videoWidth;canvas.height=v.videoHeight;var ctx=canvas.getContext('2d');ctx.drawImage(v,0,0,canvas.width,canvas.height);videoPoster=canvas.toDataURL();container.innerHTML='<video class="'+videoClass+'" style="'+videoStyle+'" src="'+videoURL+'" poster="'+videoPoster+'" preload="metadata"'+videoControls+''+videoControlsList+'></video>';};} function allVideosHelper(){var i=0,j=0,deprecated=document.querySelectorAll(".avDeprecated"),deprecatedCount=deprecated.length,videos=document.querySelectorAll("video.avPlayer"),videosCount=videos.length;if(deprecatedCount){for(j;j<deprecatedCount;j++){var parent=deprecated[j].parentNode;parent.setAttribute('class','avPlayerBlockDisabled');}} if(videosCount){for(i;i<videosCount;i++){var container=videos[i].parentNode;allVideosMakeVideoPoster(videos[i],container);}}} if(window.addEventListener){window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",allVideosHelper,false);}else if(window.attachEvent){window.attachEvent("onload",allVideosHelper);}else{window.onload=allVideosHelper;} $(function(){olytics.fire({behaviorId:'5013J3562790A3O',category:"tv",tag:"Medical,Test & Measurement,Manufacturing & Prototyping",pageType:"content",contentType:"video"})});!function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js');fbq('init','240802493731265');fbq('track','PageView');!function(s,a,e,v,n,t,z){if(s.saq)return;n=s.saq=function(){n.callMethod?n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!s._saq)s._saq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='1.0';n.queue=[];t=a.createElement(e);t.async=!0;t.src=v;z=a.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];z.parentNode.insertBefore(t,z)}(window,document,'script','https://tags.srv.stackadapt.com/events.js');saq('ts','3GYZ_Va41jnx_uqfPcLCuQ');$(function(){$('#cb-form').on('shown.bs.modal',function(){$('#inputUserName').focus();})}); /*! inlined from /templates/tb_cmo_2017/js/custom.min.js by ntb_minifier */ $(window).scroll(function(){if($(document).scrollTop()>50){$("nav").addClass("shrink");$(".logolarge").addClass("tb-logo-closed");$(".logosmall").removeClass("d-md-none");$(".add").hide()}else{$("nav").removeClass("shrink");$(".logosmall").addClass("d-md-none");$(".logolarge").removeClass("tb-logo-closed");$(".add").show()}});_linkedin_partner_id="3077140";window._linkedin_data_partner_ids=window._linkedin_data_partner_ids||[];window._linkedin_data_partner_ids.push(_linkedin_partner_id);(function(l){if(!l){window.lintrk=function(a,b){window.lintrk.q.push([a,b])};window.lintrk.q=[]} var s=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];var b=document.createElement("script");b.type="text/javascript";b.async=true;b.src="https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js";s.parentNode.insertBefore(b,s);})(window.lintrk); </script> </body> </html>