apsolutna nula temperature - Hrvatska enciklopedija

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Izražena <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/termodinamicka-temperatura">termodinamičkom temperaturom</a> apsolutna nula temperature iznosi nula kelvina (0 K), a Celzijevom temperaturom –273,15 °C. Pojam proizlazi iz ovisnosti tlaka plina o temperaturi uz stalni volumen. Rezultati tih mjerenja prikazani u <span style="color: #000000;"><i>t,p</i></span>-koordinatnom sustavu (na apscisu se nanosi temperatura <span style="color: #000000;"><i>t</i>,</span> a na ordinatu tlak <span style="color: #000000;"><i>p</i></span>) leže na pravcu. Taj pravac siječe apscisu na temperaturi od –273,15 °C pa bi uz pretpostavku da isti zakon vrijedi i za vrlo niske temperature tlak plina na temperaturi od –273,15 °C bio jednak nuli. Za jo&scaron; niže temperature produljivanjem tog pravca dobio bi se negativni tlak, &scaron;to nije moguće. Time se do&scaron;lo do zaključka da temperatura niža od –273,15 °C nije moguća.</p><p><a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/plinski-zakoni">Plinski zakoni</a> su zapravo samo približni i ne vrijede za niske temperature jer snižavanjem temperature dolazi do <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/kondenzacija">kondenzacije</a>, ali je ispravno predviđanje apsolutne nule izvedeno iz njih. Na apsolutnoj nuli temperature u tijelu ne bi potpuno prestala sva molekulska gibanja, nego samo ona koja bi se mogla prenositi u obliku <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/toplina">topline</a> na druga tijela. Zakoni kvantne fizike ne dopu&scaron;taju molekulama tvari da potpuno miruju, nego se one na toj temperaturi statistički raspoređuju po stanjima najmanjih brzina, pa se točna vrijednost apsolutne nule temperature definira kao temperatura na kojoj je energija tijela najmanja. S pomoću <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/atomska-stupica">atomske stupice</a> postignute su temperature vrlo blizu apsolutne nule. (→ <span style="font-variant: small-caps; color: #000000;"><a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/fermijeva-energija">fermijeva energija</a></span>)</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container citiranje"> Citiranje: <p> apsolutna nula temperature. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>, <i>mrežno izdanje.</i> Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, 2013. – 2025. Pristupljeno 21.2.2025. <https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/apsolutna-nula-temperature>. </p> </div> <div class="container d-print-none"></div> <div class="container d-print-none"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#mkomentar">Komentar</button> </div> <div class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" id="mkomentar"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title">Unesite komentar</h5> <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> Komentar: <textarea style="width:100%; height:300px" id="taKomentar" name="taKomentar"></textarea> Potpis: <input type="text" style="width:100%" id="taPotpis" name="taPotpis" /input> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-bs-dismiss="modal">Zatvori</button> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" title="Snimi" value="Snimi" formaction="/Clanak/apsolutna-nula-temperature?handler=ButtonSnimi">Pošalji</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <br /> <input name="__RequestVerificationToken" type="hidden" value="CfDJ8FO6hmAS_GtGh-Ru8_kHEH6sIw6AQSoQGsFmhdyTWdyqHO4OoT4WJ94miULwVtjHIVwv0sYnbj95_TG8AvuhGfq6FplTJ8b1kL0rZ4AdDUySDXfd01R2gPYljvRyxpFEMwwTmERkiUEhhx8roscsTTU" /></form> <script src="/lib/lightbox2/js/lightbox.min.js"></script> <script> lightbox.option({ 'resizeDuration': 200, 'wrapAround': false, 'albumLabel': "slika %1 od %2" }) </script> </main> </div> <div b-5bzbccjy93> <div id="cookieConsent" class="alert alert-info alert-dismissible fade show fixed-bottom" role="alert"> <div class="container"> Naše web stranice koriste kolačiće kako bi Vam omogućili najbolje korisničko iskustvo, za analizu prometa i korištenje društvenih mreža. <a href="/UvjetiKoristenja">Doznaj više.</a> </div> <div class="d-grid gap-2 d-md-flex justify-content-md-end"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary accept-policy me-md-2" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close" data-cookie-string=".AspNet.Consent=yes; expires=Sat, 21 Feb 2026 19:00:52 GMT; path=/; secure; samesite=none">Prihvati</button> </div> </div> <script> (function () { var button = document.querySelector("#cookieConsent button[data-cookie-string]"); button.addEventListener("click", function (event) { document.cookie = button.dataset.cookieString; $("#cookieConsent").hide(); }, false); })(); </script> </div> <footer b-5bzbccjy93 class="border-top footer text-muted" id="myFooter"> <div b-5bzbccjy93 class="container text-center"> <img style="height:48px; vertical-align:text-top;" src="/images/lzmklogo.png" /> </div> <div b-5bzbccjy93 class="container text-center"> © 2025. <a b-5bzbccjy93 href="https://www.lzmk.hr">Leksikografski zavod <i b-5bzbccjy93>Miroslav Krleža</i></a> </div> </footer> <button b-5bzbccjy93 type="button" title="Top" class="btn btn-secondary btn-floating btn-lg" id="btn-back-to-top"> <svg b-5bzbccjy93 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-caret-up-fill"> <path b-5bzbccjy93 d="m7.247 4.86-4.796 5.481c-.566.647-.106 1.659.753 1.659h9.592a1 1 0 0 0 .753-1.659l-4.796-5.48a1 1 0 0 0-1.506 0z" /> </svg> </button> <script src="/lib/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/site.js?v=HFdDLbM0HxvrAwFgkX5IgRBv1htKZvv7gXFyyLjyFbI"></script> </body> </html>

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apsolutna nula temperature - Hrvatska enciklopedija