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Search results for: photovoltaic technologies

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4124</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: photovoltaic technologies</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4124</span> Evolution of Floating Photovoltaic System Technology and Future Prospect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Kwan%20Choi">Young-Kwan Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han-Sang%20Jeong"> Han-Sang Jeong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Floating photovoltaic system is a technology that combines photovoltaic power generation with floating structure. However, since floating technology has not been utilized in photovoltaic generation, there are no standardized criteria. It is separately developed and used by different installation bodies. This paper aims to discuss the change of floating photovoltaic system technology based on examples of floating photovoltaic systems installed in Korea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating%20photovoltaic%20system" title="floating photovoltaic system">floating photovoltaic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating%20PV%20installation" title=" floating PV installation"> floating PV installation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocean%20floating%20photovoltaic%20system" title=" ocean floating photovoltaic system"> ocean floating photovoltaic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracking%20type%20floating%20photovoltaic%20system" title=" tracking type floating photovoltaic system"> tracking type floating photovoltaic system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37392/evolution-of-floating-photovoltaic-system-technology-and-future-prospect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">560</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4123</span> Performance Evaluation of Different Technologies of PV Modules in Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20Balaska">Amira Balaska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Tahri"> Ali Tahri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amine%20Boudghene%20Stambouli"> Amine Boudghene Stambouli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takashi%20Oozeki"> Takashi Oozeki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is dealing with the evaluation of photovoltaic modules as part of the Sahara Solar Breeder project (SSB), five different photovoltaic module technologies which are: m-si, CIS, HIT, Back Contact, a-si_μc -si and a weather station recently installed at the University of Saida (Tahar Moulay) in Saida city located at the gate of the great southern Algeria’s Sahara. The objective of the present work is the study of solar photovoltaic capacity and performance parameters of each PV module technology. The goal of the study is to compare the five different PV technologies in order to find which technologies are suitable for the climate conditions of Algeria’s desert. Measurements of various parameters as irradiance, temperature, humidity and so on by the weather station and I-V curves were performed outdoors at the location without shadow. Finally performance parameters as performance ratio, energy yield and temperature losses are given and analyzed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20modules" title="photovoltaic modules">photovoltaic modules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20ratio" title=" performance ratio"> performance ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20yield" title=" energy yield"> energy yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sahara%20solar%20breeder" title=" sahara solar breeder"> sahara solar breeder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outdoor%20conditions" title=" outdoor conditions"> outdoor conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27239/performance-evaluation-of-different-technologies-of-pv-modules-in-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27239.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">662</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4122</span> Implementation of Renewable Energy Technologies in Rural Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Levodo">Joseph Levodo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andy%20Ford"> Andy Ford</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISSA%20Chaer"> ISSA Chaer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Africa enjoys some of the best solar radiation levels in the world averaging between 4-6 kWh/m2/day for most of the year and the global economic and political conditions that tend to make African countries more dependent on their own energy resources have caused growing interest in wanting renewable energy based technologies. However to-date, implementation of Modern Energy Technologies in Africa is still very low especially the use of solar conversion technologies. It was initially speculated that the low uptake of solar technology in Africa was associated with the continent’s high poverty levels and limitations in technical capacity as well as awareness. Nonetheless, this is not an academic based speculation and the exact reasons for this low trend in technology adoption are unclear and require further investigation. This paper presents literature review and analysis relating to the techno-economic feasibility of solar photovoltaic power generation in Africa. The literature review would include the following four main categories: design methods, techno-economic feasibility of solar photovoltaic power generation, performance evaluations of various systems, Then it looks at the role of policy and potential future of technological development of photovoltaic (PV) by exploring the impact of alternative policy instruments and technology cost reductions on the financial viability of investing solar photovoltaic (PV) in Africa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Africa%20Solar%20Potential" title="Africa Solar Potential">Africa Solar Potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy" title=" policy"> policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technologies" title=" technologies "> technologies </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16426/implementation-of-renewable-energy-technologies-in-rural-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">563</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4121</span> Study and Experimental Analysis of a Photovoltaic Pumping System under Three Operating Modes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rekioua%20D.">Rekioua D.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammedi%20A."> Mohammedi A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rekioua%20T."> Rekioua T.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehleb%20Z."> Mehleb Z.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photovoltaic water pumping systems is considered as one of the most promising areas in photovoltaic applications, the economy and reliability of solar electric power made it an excellent choice for remote water pumping. Two conventional techniques are currently in use; the first is the directly coupled technique and the second is the battery buffered photovoltaic pumping system. In this paper, we present different performances of a three operation modes of photovoltaic pumping system. The aim of this work is to determine the effect of different parameters influencing the photovoltaic pumping system performances, such as pumping head, System configuration and climatic conditions. The obtained results are presented and discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batteries%20charge%20mode" title="batteries charge mode">batteries charge mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20pumping%20system" title=" photovoltaic pumping system"> photovoltaic pumping system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pumping%20head" title=" pumping head"> pumping head</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submersible%20pump" title=" submersible pump "> submersible pump </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27935/study-and-experimental-analysis-of-a-photovoltaic-pumping-system-under-three-operating-modes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27935.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4120</span> Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Solar Energy Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakariyya%20Hassan%20Abdullahi">Zakariyya Hassan Abdullahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Suleiman%20Abdullahi"> Zainab Suleiman Abdullahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuhu%20Alhaji%20Muhammad"> Nuhu Alhaji Muhammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a thorough review of photovoltaic and photovoltaic thermal systems is done on the basis of its performance based on electrical as well as thermal output. Photovoltaic systems are classified according to their use, i.e., electricity production, and thermal, Photovoltaic systems behave in an extraordinary and useful way, they react to light by transforming part of it into electricity useful way and unique, since photovoltaic and thermal applications along with the electricity production. The application of various photovoltaic systems is also discussed in detail. The performance analysis including all aspects, e.g., electrical, thermal, energy, and energy efficiency are also discussed. A case study for PV and PV/T system based on energetic analysis is presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title="photovoltaic">photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable" title=" renewable"> renewable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47848/performance-analysis-of-photovoltaic-solar-energy-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47848.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">516</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4119</span> Development of One-Axis Didactic Solar Tracker for Photovoltaic Panels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20J.%20de%20Bessa%20Neto">L. J. de Bessa Neto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20B.%20Guerra%20Vale"> M. R. B. Guerra Vale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20K.%20O.%20M.%20Varella%20Guerra"> F. K. O. M. Varella Guerra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, solar energy has established itself as one of the main sources of renewable energy, gaining a large space in electricity generation around the world. However, due to the low performance of photovoltaic panels, technologies need to be sought to maximize the production of electricity. In this regard, the present study aims to develop a prototype of solar tracker for didactics applications, controlled with the Arduino&reg; platform, that enables the movement of photovoltaic plates in relation to the sun positions throughout the day through an electromechanical system, optimizing, thus, the efficiency of solar photovoltaic generation and improvements for the photovoltaic effect. The solar tracking technology developed in this work was presented of the shape oral and practical in two middle schools in the municipality of Mossor&oacute;/RN, being one of the public network and other of the private network, always keeping the average age of the students, in the case, around 16 years, contemplating an average of 60 students in each of the visits. Thus, it is concluded that the present study contributed substantially to the dissemination of knowledge concerning the photovoltaic solar generation, as well as the study of solar trackers, thus arousing the interest and curiosity of the students regarding the thematic approached. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20energy" title="alternative energy">alternative energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20tracker" title=" solar tracker"> solar tracker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20panels" title=" photovoltaic panels"> photovoltaic panels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119607/development-of-one-axis-didactic-solar-tracker-for-photovoltaic-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4118</span> Maximum Efficiency of the Photovoltaic Cells Using a Genetic Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latifa%20Sabri">Latifa Sabri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Benzirar"> Mohammed Benzirar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mimoun%20Zazoui"> Mimoun Zazoui </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The installation of photovoltaic systems is one of future sources to generate electricity without emitting pollutants. The photovoltaic cells used in these systems have demonstrated enormous efficiencies and advantages. Several researches have discussed the maximum efficiency of these technologies, but only a few experiences have succeeded to right weather conditions to get these results. In this paper, two types of cells were selected: crystalline and amorphous silicon. Using the method of genetic algorithm, the results show that for an ambient temperature of 25°C and direct irradiation of 625 W/m², the efficiency of crystalline silicon is 12% and 5% for amorphous silicon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV" title="PV">PV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20efficiency" title=" maximum efficiency"> maximum efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20cell" title=" solar cell"> solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43781/maximum-efficiency-of-the-photovoltaic-cells-using-a-genetic-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4117</span> Modelling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fouad%20Berrabeh">Fouad Berrabeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabir%20Messalti"> Sabir Messalti </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performances of the photovoltaic systems are very dependent on different conditions, such as solar irradiation, temperature, etc. Therefore, it is very important to provide detailed studies for different cases in order to provide continuously power, so the photovoltaic system must be properly sized. This paper presents the modelling and simulation of the photovoltaic cell using single diode model. I-V characteristics and P-V characteristics are presented and it verified at different conditions (irradiance effect, temperature effect, series resistance effect). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20cell" title="photovoltaic cell">photovoltaic cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BP%20SX%20150%20BP%20solar%20photovoltaic%20module" title=" BP SX 150 BP solar photovoltaic module"> BP SX 150 BP solar photovoltaic module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irradiance%20effect" title=" irradiance effect"> irradiance effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20effect" title=" temperature effect"> temperature effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=series%20resistance%20effect" title=" series resistance effect"> series resistance effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I%E2%80%93V%20characteristics" title=" I–V characteristics"> I–V characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P%E2%80%93V%20characteristics" title=" P–V characteristics"> P–V characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16671/modelling-and-simulation-of-photovoltaic-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16671.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4116</span> A Review of Technology Roadmaps for Commercialization of Solar Photovoltaic Energy Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Usman%20Sardar">Muhammad Usman Sardar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Haroon%20Nadeem"> Muhammad Haroon Nadeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahbaz%20Ahmad"> Shahbaz Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashiq%20Hussain"> Ashiq Hussain </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The marketing of solar photovoltaic energy systems has one of the monetary settlements to address the higher rate to pay in advance with the purchase of two decades worth of electricity services. To deploy solar photovoltaic technologies and energy setups in areas, it’s important to create a system of credit that can ensure the availability of subsidized capital and commercial conditions for the society. Meanings of energy in developing countries like Pakistan were strongly prompted by marketable interests and industrialization trend influences within their culture. It’s going to be essential to prepare the concerned proceeding models of energy development strategies. This paper discuss the impact and share of environmental friendly solar photo-voltaic energy, researching to find the most appropriate alternate solutions for balance the energy demand and supply and current progressive position in different countries regarding to development and deployment. Based on the literature reviews, its presence found that most beneficial and concerning policies have implemented in several countries around the globe. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20marketing%20and%20pricing" title="photovoltaic marketing and pricing">photovoltaic marketing and pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy%20technology" title=" renewable energy technology"> renewable energy technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20photovoltaic" title=" solar photovoltaic"> solar photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPV" title=" SPV"> SPV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15765/a-review-of-technology-roadmaps-for-commercialization-of-solar-photovoltaic-energy-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4115</span> Comparative Study of Two New Configurations of Solar Photovoltaic Thermal Collectors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Touafek">K. Touafek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Khelifa"> A. Khelifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20H.%20Khettaf"> E. H. Khettaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Embarek"> A. Embarek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) solar system comprises a solar collector which is disposed on photovoltaic solar cells. The disadvantage of a conventional photovoltaic cell is that its performance decreases as the temperature increases. Indeed, part of the solar radiation is converted into electricity and is dissipated as heat, increasing the temperature of the photovoltaic cell with respect to the ambient temperature. The objective of this work is to study experimentally and implement a hybrid prototype to evaluate electrical and thermal performance. In this paper, an experimental study of two new configurations of hybrid collectors is exposed. The results are given and interpreted. The two configurations of absorber studied are a new combination with tubes and galvanized tank, the other is a tubes and sheet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental" title="experimental">experimental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar" title=" solar"> solar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3010/comparative-study-of-two-new-configurations-of-solar-photovoltaic-thermal-collectors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3010.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4114</span> Comparative Analysis of Photovoltaic Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irtaza%20M.%20Syed">Irtaza M. Syed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaameran%20Raahemifar"> Kaameran Raahemifar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents comparative analysis of photovoltaic systems (PVS) and proposes practical techniques to improve operational efficiency of the PVS. The best engineering and construction practices for PVS are identified and field oriented recommendation are made. Comparative analysis of central and string inverter based, as well as 600 and 1000 VDC PVS are performed. In addition, direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) photovoltaic (PV) module based systems are compared. Comparison shows that 1000 V DC String Inverters based PVS is the best choice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20module" title="photovoltaic module">photovoltaic module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20systems" title=" photovoltaic systems"> photovoltaic systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operational%20efficiency%20improvement" title=" operational efficiency improvement"> operational efficiency improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20analysis" title=" comparative analysis"> comparative analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40123/comparative-analysis-of-photovoltaic-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4113</span> Problems of Using Mobile Photovoltaic Installations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ksenia%20Siadkowska">Ksenia Siadkowska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%81ukasz%20Grabowski"> Łukasz Grabowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Micha%C5%82%20G%C4%99ca"> Michał Gęca </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dynamic development of photovoltaics in the 21st century has resulted in more possibilities for using photovoltaic systems. In order to reduce emissions, a retrofitting of vehicles with photovoltaic modules has recently become increasingly popular. Preparing such an installation, however, requires professional knowledge and compliance with safety rules. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of some types of flexible photovoltaic modules that can be applied to mobile installations, types and causes of damage to photovoltaic modules as well as the most frequent types of misinstallation. Our attention has been drawn to the risk of fire caused by misintallation or defective insulation and the need to closely monitor mobile installations, for example by a non-destructive testing with a thermal imaging camera. The paper also presents certain selected results of the research conducted at the Lublin University of Technology. This work has been financed by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development, under Grant Agreement No. PBS2/A6/16/2013. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20PV%20module" title="flexible PV module">flexible PV module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20PV%20module" title=" mobile PV module"> mobile PV module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20module" title=" photovoltaic module"> photovoltaic module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50108/problems-of-using-mobile-photovoltaic-installations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4112</span> Perovskite Nanocrystals and Quantum Dots: Advancements in Light-Harvesting Capabilities for Photovoltaic Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrnaz%20Mostafavi">Mehrnaz Mostafavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Perovskite nanocrystals and quantum dots have emerged as leaders in the field of photovoltaic technologies, demonstrating exceptional light-harvesting abilities and stability. This study investigates the substantial progress and potential of these nano-sized materials in transforming solar energy conversion. The research delves into the foundational characteristics and production methods of perovskite nanocrystals and quantum dots, elucidating their distinct optical and electronic properties that render them well-suited for photovoltaic applications. Specifically, it examines their outstanding light absorption capabilities, enabling more effective utilization of a wider solar spectrum compared to traditional silicon-based solar cells. Furthermore, this paper explores the improved durability achieved in perovskite nanocrystals and quantum dots, overcoming previous challenges related to degradation and inconsistent performance. Recent advancements in material engineering and techniques for surface passivation have significantly contributed to enhancing the long-term stability of these nanomaterials, making them more commercially feasible for solar cell usage. The study also delves into the advancements in device designs that incorporate perovskite nanocrystals and quantum dots. Innovative strategies, such as tandem solar cells and hybrid structures integrating these nanomaterials with conventional photovoltaic technologies, are discussed. These approaches highlight synergistic effects that boost efficiency and performance. Additionally, this paper addresses ongoing challenges and research endeavors aimed at further improving the efficiency, stability, and scalability of perovskite nanocrystals and quantum dots in photovoltaics. Efforts to mitigate concerns related to material degradation, toxicity, and large-scale production are actively pursued, paving the way for broader commercial application. In conclusion, this paper emphasizes the significant role played by perovskite nanocrystals and quantum dots in advancing photovoltaic technologies. Their exceptional light-harvesting capabilities, combined with increased stability, promise a bright future for next-generation solar cells, ushering in an era of highly efficient and cost-effective solar energy conversion systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perovskite%20nanocrystals" title="perovskite nanocrystals">perovskite nanocrystals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20dots" title=" quantum dots"> quantum dots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20technologies" title=" photovoltaic technologies"> photovoltaic technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light-harvesting" title=" light-harvesting"> light-harvesting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy%20conversion" title=" solar energy conversion"> solar energy conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=device%20designs" title=" device designs"> device designs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179215/perovskite-nanocrystals-and-quantum-dots-advancements-in-light-harvesting-capabilities-for-photovoltaic-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179215.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4111</span> On the Optimization of a Decentralized Photovoltaic System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaouche%20Khelil">Zaouche Khelil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talha%20Abdelaziz"> Talha Abdelaziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berkouk%20El%20Madjid"> Berkouk El Madjid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a grid-tied photovoltaic system. The studied topology is structured around a seven-level inverter, supplying a non-linear load. A three-stage step-up DC/DC converter ensures DC-link balancing. The presented system allows the extraction of all the available photovoltaic power. This extracted energy feeds the local load; the surplus energy is injected into the electrical network. During poor weather conditions, where the photovoltaic panels cannot meet the energy needs of the load, the missing power is supplied by the electrical network. At the common connexion point, the network current shows excellent spectral performances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seven-level%20inverter" title="seven-level inverter">seven-level inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-level%20DC%2FDC%20converter" title=" multi-level DC/DC converter"> multi-level DC/DC converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20load" title=" non-linear load"> non-linear load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145558/on-the-optimization-of-a-decentralized-photovoltaic-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4110</span> Sustainability of Photovoltaic Recycling Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun-Ki%20Choi">Jun-Ki Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The usage of valuable resources and the potential for waste generation at the end of the life cycle of photovoltaic (PV) technologies necessitate a proactive planning for a PV recycling infrastructure. To ensure the sustainability of PV in large scales of deployment, it is vital to develop and institute low-cost recycling technologies and infrastructure for the emerging PV industry in parallel with the rapid commercialization of these new technologies. There are various issues involved in the economics of PV recycling and this research examine those at macro and micro levels, developing a holistic interpretation of the economic viability of the PV recycling systems. This study developed mathematical models to analyze the profitability of recycling technologies and to guide tactical decisions for allocating optimal location of PV take-back centers (PVTBC), necessary for the collection of end of life products. The economic decision is usually based on the level of the marginal capital cost of each PVTBC, cost of reverse logistics, distance traveled, and the amount of PV waste collected from various locations. Results illustrated that the reverse logistics costs comprise a major portion of the cost of PVTBC; PV recycling centers can be constructed in the optimally selected locations to minimize the total reverse logistics cost for transporting the PV wastes from various collection facilities to the recycling center. In the micro- process level, automated recycling processes should be developed to handle the large amount of growing PV wastes economically. The market price of the reclaimed materials are important factors for deciding the profitability of the recycling process and this illustrates the importance of the recovering the glass and expensive metals from PV modules. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title="photovoltaic">photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20models" title=" mathematical models"> mathematical models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48361/sustainability-of-photovoltaic-recycling-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4109</span> Performance Analysis of Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic-Thermal Collector with TRANSYS Simulator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Lochan">Ashish Lochan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anil%20K.%20Dahiya"> Anil K. Dahiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Verma"> Amit Verma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The idea of combining photovoltaic and solar thermal collector to provide electrical and heat energy is not new, however, it is an area of limited attention. Hybrid photovoltaic-thermals have become a focus point of interest in the field of solar energy. Integration of both (photovoltaic and thermal collector) provide greater opportunity for the use of renewable solar energy. This system converts solar energy into electricity and heat energy simultaneously. Theoretical performance analyses of hybrid PV/Ts have been carried out. Also, the temperature of water (as a heat carrier) have been calculated for different seasons with the help of TRANSYS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic-thermal" title="photovoltaic-thermal">photovoltaic-thermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seasonal%20performance%20analysis" title=" seasonal performance analysis"> seasonal performance analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TRANSYS" title=" TRANSYS"> TRANSYS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5389/performance-analysis-of-hybrid-solar-photovoltaic-thermal-collector-with-transys-simulator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5389.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">657</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4108</span> Effects of Different Climate Zones, Building Types, and Primary Fuel Sources for Energy Production on Environmental Damage from Four External Wall Technologies for Residential Buildings in Israel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20Pushkar">Svetlana Pushkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oleg%20Verbitsky"> Oleg Verbitsky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of the present study is to evaluate environmental damage from four wall technologies under the following conditions: four climate zones in Israel, two building (conventional vs. low-energy) types, and two types of fuel source [natural gas vs. photovoltaic (PV)]. The hierarchical ReCiPe method with a two-stage nested (hierarchical) ANOVA test is applied. It was revealed that in a hot climate in Israel in a conventional building fueled by natural gas, OE is dominant (90 %) over the P&C stage (10 %); in a mild climate in Israel in a low-energy building with PV, the P&C stage is dominant (85 %) over the OE stage (15 %). It is concluded that if PV is used in the building sector in Israel, (i) the P&C stage becomes a significant factor that influences the environment, (ii) autoclaved aerated block is the best external wall technology, and (iii) a two-stage nested mixed ANOVA can be used to evaluate environmental damage via ReCiPe when wall technologies are compared. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment%20%28LCA%29" title="life cycle assessment (LCA)">life cycle assessment (LCA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ReCiPe%20method" title=" ReCiPe method"> ReCiPe method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20buildings" title=" residential buildings"> residential buildings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58292/effects-of-different-climate-zones-building-types-and-primary-fuel-sources-for-energy-production-on-environmental-damage-from-four-external-wall-technologies-for-residential-buildings-in-israel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4107</span> Design and Comparative Analysis of Grid-Connected Bipv System with Monocrystalline Silicon and Polycrystalline Silicon in Kandahar Climate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Shah%20Irshad">Ahmad Shah Irshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naqibullah%20Kargar"> Naqibullah Kargar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wais%20Samadi"> Wais Samadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Building an integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system is a new and modern technique for solar energy production in Kandahar. Due to its location, Kandahar has abundant sources of solar energy. People use both monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon solar PV modules for the grid-connected solar PV system, and they don’t know which technology performs better for the BIPV system. This paper analyses the parameters described by IEC61724, “Photovoltaic System Performance Monitoring Guidelines for Measurement, Data Exchange and Analysis,” to evaluate which technology shows better performance for the BIPV system. The monocrystalline silicon BIPV system has a 3.1% higher array yield than the polycrystalline silicon BIPV system. The final yield is 0.2%, somewhat higher for monocrystalline silicon than polycrystalline silicon. Monocrystalline silicon has 0.2% and 4.5% greater yearly yield factor and capacity factors than polycrystalline silicon, respectively. Monocrystalline silicon shows 0.3% better performance than polycrystalline silicon. With 1.7% reduction and 0.4% addition in collection losses and useful energy produced, respectively, monocrystalline silicon solar PV system shows good performance than polycrystalline silicon solar PV system. But system losses are the same for both technologies. The monocrystalline silicon BIPV system injects 0.2% more energy into the grid than the polycrystalline silicon BIPV system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20technologies" title="photovoltaic technologies">photovoltaic technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20analysis" title=" performance analysis"> performance analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20irradiance" title=" solar irradiance"> solar irradiance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20ratio" title=" performance ratio"> performance ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157747/design-and-comparative-analysis-of-grid-connected-bipv-system-with-monocrystalline-silicon-and-polycrystalline-silicon-in-kandahar-climate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4106</span> The Conjugated Polymers in improving the Organic Solar Cells Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samia%20Moulebhar">Samia Moulebhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chahrazed%20Bendenia"> Chahrazed Bendenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Souhila%20Bendenia"> Souhila Bendenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanaa%20Merad-dib"> Hanaa Merad-dib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarra%20Merabet"> Sarra Merabet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sid%20Ahmed%20Khantar"> Sid Ahmed Khantar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baghdad%20Hadri"> Baghdad Hadri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The photovoltaic solar field is today experiencing exponential advancement with the exploitation of new technological sectors of nanoparticles, namely the field of solar cells based on organic polymer materials. These cells are flexible, easy to process and low cost. This work includes a presentation of the conjugated polymer materials used in the design of photovoltaic technology devices while determining their properties and then the models used for the modeling of thin film photovoltaic cells heterojunction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title="photovoltaic">photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cells" title=" cells"> cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic" title=" organic"> organic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174383/the-conjugated-polymers-in-improving-the-organic-solar-cells-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174383.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4105</span> Highly Concentrated Photo Voltaic using Multi-Junction Concentrator Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oriahi%20Love%20Ndidi">Oriahi Love Ndidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High concentration photovoltaic promises a more efficient, higher power output than traditional photovoltaic modules. One of the driving forces of this high system efficiency has been the continuous improvement of III-V multi-junction solar cell efficiencies. Multi-junction solar cells built from III-V semiconductors are being evaluated globally in concentrated photovoltaic systems designed to supplement electricity generation for utility companies. The high efficiency of this III-V multi-junction concentrator cells, with demonstrated efficiency over 40 percent since 2006, strongly reduces the cost of concentrated photovoltaic systems, and makes III-V multi-junction cells the technology of choice for most concentrator systems today. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20of%20multi-junction%20solar%20cell" title="cost of multi-junction solar cell">cost of multi-junction solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20systems" title=" photovoltaic systems"> photovoltaic systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28252/highly-concentrated-photo-voltaic-using-multi-junction-concentrator-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28252.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">724</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4104</span> Study of Two MPPTs for Photovoltaic Systems Using Controllers Based in Fuzzy Logic and Sliding Mode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ould%20cherchali">N. Ould cherchali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Boucherit"> M. S. Boucherit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Barazane"> L. Barazane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Morsli"> A. Morsli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photovoltaic power is widely used to supply isolated or unpopulated areas (lighting, pumping, etc.). Great advantage is that this source is inexhaustible, it offers great safety in use and it is clean. But the dynamic models used to describe a photovoltaic system are complicated and nonlinear and due to nonlinear I-V and P–V characteristics of photovoltaic generators, a maximum power point tracking technique (MPPT) is required to maximize the output power. In this paper, two online techniques of maximum power point tracking using robust controller for photovoltaic systems are proposed, the first technique use fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and the second use sliding mode controller (SMC) for photovoltaic systems. The two maximum power point tracking controllers receive the partial derivative of power as inputs, and the output is the duty cycle corresponding to maximum power. A Photovoltaic generator with Boost converter is developed using MATLAB/Simulink to verify the preferences of the proposed techniques. SMC technique provides a good tracking speed in fast changing irradiation and when the irradiation changes slowly or is constant the panel power of FLC technique presents a much smoother signal with less fluctuations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic%20controller" title="fuzzy logic controller">fuzzy logic controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20power%20point" title=" maximum power point"> maximum power point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20system" title=" photovoltaic system"> photovoltaic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracker" title=" tracker"> tracker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20mode%20controller" title=" sliding mode controller"> sliding mode controller</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28767/study-of-two-mppts-for-photovoltaic-systems-using-controllers-based-in-fuzzy-logic-and-sliding-mode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">547</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4103</span> Analysis of DC\DC Converter of Photovoltaic System with MPPT Algorithms Comparison</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badr%20M.%20Alshammari">Badr M. Alshammari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20A.%20Khlifi"> Mohamed A. Khlifi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the analysis of DC/DC converter including a comparative study of control methods to extract the maximum power and to track the maximum power point (MPP) from photovoltaic (PV) systems under changeable environmental conditions. This paper proposes two methods of maximum power point tracking algorithm for photovoltaic systems, based on the first hand on P&O control and the other hand on the first order IC. The MPPT system ensures that solar cells can deliver the maximum power possible to the load. Different algorithms are used to design it. Here we compare them and simulate the photovoltaic system with two algorithms. The algorithms are used to control the duty cycle of a DC-DC converter in order to boost the output voltage of the PV generator and guarantee the operation of the solar panels in the Maximum Power Point (MPP). Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed algorithms can effectively improve the efficiency of a photovoltaic array output. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20cell" title="solar cell">solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC%2FDC%20boost%20converter" title=" DC/DC boost converter"> DC/DC boost converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPPT" title=" MPPT"> MPPT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20system" title=" photovoltaic system"> photovoltaic system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74633/analysis-of-dcdc-converter-of-photovoltaic-system-with-mppt-algorithms-comparison" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74633.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4102</span> Sustainable Refrigerated Transport Engineering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A">A. A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Belmir"> F. Belmir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20El%20Bouari"> A. El Bouari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Abboud"> Y. Abboud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article presents a study of the thermal performance of a new solar mobile refrigeration prototype for the preservation of perishable foods. The simulation of the refrigeration cycle and the calculation of the thermal balances made it possible to estimate its consumption and to evaluate the capacity of each photovoltaic component necessary for the production of energy. The study provides a description of the refrigerator construction and operation, including an energy balance analysis of the refrigerator performance under typical loads. The photovoltaic system requirements are also detailed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title="composite">composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material" title=" material"> material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refrigeration" title=" refrigeration"> refrigeration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal" title=" thermal"> thermal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138620/sustainable-refrigerated-transport-engineering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4101</span> Experimental Study of Boost Converter Based PV Energy System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Abdelkrim">T. Abdelkrim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Ben%20Seddik"> K. Ben Seddik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Bezza"> B. Bezza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Benamrane"> K. Benamrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aeh.%20Benkhelifa"> Aeh. Benkhelifa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes an implementation of boost converter for a resistive load using photovoltaic energy as a source. The model of photovoltaic cell and operating principle of boost converter are presented. A PIC micro controller is used in the close loop control to generate pulses for controlling the converter circuit. To performance evaluation of boost converter, a variation of output voltage of PV panel is done by shading one and two cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boost%20converter" title="boost converter">boost converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microcontroller" title=" microcontroller"> microcontroller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20power%20generation" title=" photovoltaic power generation"> photovoltaic power generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shading%20cells" title=" shading cells"> shading cells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2154/experimental-study-of-boost-converter-based-pv-energy-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">877</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4100</span> Photovoltaic Cells Characteristics Measurement Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rekioua%20T.">Rekioua T.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rekioua%20D."> Rekioua D.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aissou%20S."> Aissou S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouhabi%20A."> Ouhabi A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Power provided by the photovoltaic array varies with solar radiation and temperature, since these parameters influence the electrical characteristic (Ipv-Vpv) of solar cells. In Scientific research, there are different methods to obtain these characteristics. In this paper, we present three methods. A simulation one using Matlab/Simulink. The second one is the standard experimental voltage method and the third one is by using LabVIEW software. This latter is based on an electronic circuit to test PV modules. All details of this electronic schemes are presented and obtained results of the three methods with a comparison and under different meteorological conditions are presented. The proposed method is simple and very efficiency for testing and measurements of electrical characteristic curves of photovoltaic panels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20cells" title="photovoltaic cells">photovoltaic cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurement%20standards" title=" measurement standards"> measurement standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20sensors" title=" temperature sensors"> temperature sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20acquisition" title=" data acquisition"> data acquisition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27936/photovoltaic-cells-characteristics-measurement-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4099</span> Study of a Photovoltaic System Using MPPT Buck-Boost Converter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bouchakour">A. Bouchakour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Zaghba"> L. Zaghba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Brahami"> M. Brahami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Borni"> A. Borni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The work presented in this paper present the design and the simulation of a centrifugal pump coupled to a photovoltaic (PV) generator via a MPPT controller. The PV system operating is just done in sunny period by using water storage instead of electric energy storage. The process concerns the modelling, identification and simulation of a photovoltaic pumping system, the centrifugal pump is driven by an asynchronous three-phase voltage inverter sine triangle PWM motor through. Two configurations were simulated. For the first, it is about the alimentation of the motor pump group from electrical power supply. For the second, the pump unit is connected directly to the photovoltaic panels by integration of a MPPT control. A code of simulation of the solar pumping system was initiated under the Matlab-Simulink environment. Very convivial and flexible graphic interfaces allow an easy use of the code and knowledge of the effects of change of the sunning and temperature on the pumping system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20generator" title="photovoltaic generator">photovoltaic generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chopper" title=" chopper"> chopper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20motor" title=" electrical motor"> electrical motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centrifugal%20pump" title=" centrifugal pump"> centrifugal pump</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5816/study-of-a-photovoltaic-system-using-mppt-buck-boost-converter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5816.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4098</span> Optimal Operation of a Photovoltaic Induction Motor Drive Water Pumping System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nelson%20K.%20Lujara">Nelson K. Lujara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance characteristics of a photovoltaic induction motor drive water pumping system with and without maximum power tracker is analyzed and presented. The analysis is done through determination and assessment of critical loss components in the system using computer aided design (CAD) tools for optimal operation of the system. The results can be used to formulate a well-calibrated computer aided design package of photovoltaic water pumping systems based on the induction motor drive. The results allow the design engineer to pre-determine the flow rate and efficiency of the system to suit particular application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title="photovoltaic">photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20pumping" title=" water pumping"> water pumping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=losses" title=" losses"> losses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20motor" title=" induction motor"> induction motor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45964/optimal-operation-of-a-photovoltaic-induction-motor-drive-water-pumping-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4097</span> Impact of the Photovoltaic Integration in Power Distribution Network: Case Study in Badak Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Hasurungan">David Hasurungan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper objective is to analyze the impact from photovoltaic system integration to power distribution network. The case study in Badak Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant is presented in this paper. Badak LNG electricity network is operated in islanded mode. The total power generation in Badak LNG plant is significantly affected to feed gas supply. Meanwhile, to support the Government regulation, Badak LNG continuously implemented the grid-connected photovoltaic system in existing power distribution network. The impact between train operational mode change in Badak LNG plant and the growth of photovoltaic system is also encompassed in analysis. The analysis and calculation are performed using software Power Factory 15.1. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20quality" title="power quality">power quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20network" title=" distribution network"> distribution network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grid-connected%20photovoltaic%20system" title=" grid-connected photovoltaic system"> grid-connected photovoltaic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20management%20system" title=" power management system"> power management system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64922/impact-of-the-photovoltaic-integration-in-power-distribution-network-case-study-in-badak-liquefied-natural-gas-lng" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4096</span> Comparison Between Fuzzy and P&amp;O Control for MPPT for Photovoltaic System Using Boost Converter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Doumi">M. Doumi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Miloudi"> A. Miloudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20G.%20Aissaoui"> A. G. Aissaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Tahir"> K. Tahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Belfedal"> C. Belfedal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Tahir"> S. Tahir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The studies on the photovoltaic system are extensively increasing because of a large, secure, essentially exhaustible and broadly available resource as a future energy supply. However, the output power induced in the photovoltaic modules is influenced by an intensity of solar cell radiation, temperature of the solar cells and so on. Therefore, to maximize the efficiency of the photovoltaic system, it is necessary to track the maximum power point of the PV array, for this Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is used. Some MPPT techniques are available in that perturbation and observation (P&O) and Fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The fuzzy control method has been compared with perturb and observe (P&O) method as one of the most widely conventional method used in this area. Both techniques have been analyzed and simulated. MPPT using fuzzy logic shows superior performance and more reliable control with respect to the P&O technique for this application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20system" title="photovoltaic system">photovoltaic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPPT" title=" MPPT"> MPPT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perturb%20and%20observe" title=" perturb and observe"> perturb and observe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title=" fuzzy logic"> fuzzy logic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13347/comparison-between-fuzzy-and-po-control-for-mppt-for-photovoltaic-system-using-boost-converter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">604</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4095</span> Comparison of the Amount of Resources and Expansion Support Policy of Photovoltaic Power Generation: A Case on Hokkaido and Aichi Prefecture, Japan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroaki%20Sumi">Hiroaki Sumi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiichiro%20Hayashi"> Kiichiro Hayashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Now, the use of renewable energy power generation has been advanced. In this paper, we compared the expansion support policy of photovoltaic power generation which was researched using The internet and the amount of resource for photovoltaic power generation which was estimated using the NEDO formula in the municipality level in Hokkaido and Aichi Prefecture, Japan. This paper will contribute to grasp the current situation especially about the policy. As a result, there were municipalities which seemed to be no consideration of the amount of resources. We think it would need to consider the suitability between the policies and resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20power%20generation" title="photovoltaic power generation">photovoltaic power generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissemination%20and%20support%20policy" title=" dissemination and support policy"> dissemination and support policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amount%20of%20resources" title=" amount of resources"> amount of resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japan" title=" Japan"> Japan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35566/comparison-of-the-amount-of-resources-and-expansion-support-policy-of-photovoltaic-power-generation-a-case-on-hokkaido-and-aichi-prefecture-japan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35566.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">565</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20technologies&amp;page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20technologies&amp;page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20technologies&amp;page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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