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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Luther Alexander Johnson</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luther_A._Johnson&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Luther A. Johnson">Luther A. Johnson</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (1875–1965)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Luther Johnson, see <a href="/wiki/Luther_Johnson_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Luther Johnson (disambiguation)">Luther Johnson (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Luther Alexander Johnson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Alabama_Democrat._Washington,_D.C.,_Nov._7._A_new_informal_picture_of_Rep._Luther_Johnson,_democrat_(...)_Alabama_LCCN2016876552_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Alabama_Democrat._Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_Nov._7._A_new_informal_picture_of_Rep._Luther_Johnson%2C_democrat_%28...%29_Alabama_LCCN2016876552_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Alabama_Democrat._Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_Nov._7._A_new_informal_picture_of_Rep._Luther_Johnson%2C_democrat_%28...%29_Alabama_LCCN2016876552_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Alabama_Democrat._Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_Nov._7._A_new_informal_picture_of_Rep._Luther_Johnson%2C_democrat_%28...%29_Alabama_LCCN2016876552_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Alabama_Democrat._Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_Nov._7._A_new_informal_picture_of_Rep._Luther_Johnson%2C_democrat_%28...%29_Alabama_LCCN2016876552_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Alabama_Democrat._Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_Nov._7._A_new_informal_picture_of_Rep._Luther_Johnson%2C_democrat_%28...%29_Alabama_LCCN2016876552_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Alabama_Democrat._Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_Nov._7._A_new_informal_picture_of_Rep._Luther_Johnson%2C_democrat_%28...%29_Alabama_LCCN2016876552_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6144" data-file-height="7679" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Johnson in 1941.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Tax_Court" title="United States Tax Court">Judge of the United States Tax Court</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1946–1956</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>'s <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives,_Texas_District_6" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives, Texas District 6">6th</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1923 – July 17, 1946</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Hardy_(representative)" title="Rufus Hardy (representative)">Rufus Hardy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Olin_E._Teague" title="Olin E. Teague">Olin E. Teague</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">District Attorney</a> <br />Texas 13th Judicial District</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1904–1910</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">County Attorney<br /><a href="/wiki/Navarro_County,_Texas" title="Navarro County, Texas">Navarro County</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1898–1902</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1875-10-29</span>)</span>October 29, 1875<br /><a href="/wiki/Corsicana,_Texas" title="Corsicana, Texas">Corsicana, Texas</a>, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 6, 1965<span style="display:none">(1965-06-06)</span> (aged 89)<br />Corsicana, Texas, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">Oakwood Cemetery</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Turner Read</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_University" title="Cumberland University">Cumberland University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">Attorney</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Rep._Luther_Johnson_on_Declaring_War_on_Japan.ogg" title="File:Rep. Luther Johnson on Declaring War on Japan.ogg">Johnson's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="74" data-mwtitle="Rep._Luther_Johnson_on_Declaring_War_on_Japan.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Rep._Luther_Johnson_on_Declaring_War_on_Japan.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/Rep._Luther_Johnson_on_Declaring_War_on_Japan.ogg/Rep._Luther_Johnson_on_Declaring_War_on_Japan.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Johnson speaks in support of <a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Japan" title="United States declaration of war on Japan">declaring war on Japan</a><br />Recorded December 8, 1941</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Luther Alexander Johnson</b> (October 29, 1875 – June 6, 1965) was a United States Congressman from the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luther_Alexander_Johnson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luther was born in <a href="/wiki/Corsicana,_Texas" title="Corsicana, Texas">Corsicana, Texas</a>, where he attended the public schools. He received his <a href="/wiki/L.L.B." class="mw-redirect" title="L.L.B.">L.L.B.</a> in 1896 from <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_University" title="Cumberland University">Cumberland University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lebanon,_Tennessee" title="Lebanon, Tennessee">Lebanon, Tennessee</a>, and was admitted to the <a href="/wiki/Bar_association" title="Bar association">Bar</a> the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-The_American_bar,_Volume_1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_American_bar,_Volume_1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He commenced practice in Corsicana and was attorney for Central Texas Grocery Company and The Royall Coffee Company.<sup id="cite_ref-The_American_bar,_Volume_1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_American_bar,_Volume_1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was a prosecuting attorney of Navarro County from 1898 to 1902 and district attorney of the thirteenth judicial district of Texas from 1904 to 1910. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Congress">Congress</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luther_Alexander_Johnson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Congress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He served as a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention</a> in 1916 and as chairman of the Democratic State convention in 1920. Johnson was elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-eighth and to the eleven succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1923, until his resignation on July 17, 1946. </p><p>A confidential 1943 analysis of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs">House Foreign Affairs Committee</a> by <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Isaiah Berlin</a> for the British <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Office">Foreign Office</a> described Johnson as<sup id="cite_ref-hachey1973_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hachey1973-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>in Congress for nearly twenty years; a well-disposed farmer and capable business man. He is a typical <a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Democrat">southern Democrat</a> in that he has stood staunchly behind the Administration's foreign policies and has supported most <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> measures, except on such matters as labour. While strongly independent and equally strongly American, he is likely to put his weight behind the Administration's post-war policies and is traditionally pro-British. He made one of the most eloquent speeches in support of the unamended <a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a> Powers Act.</p></blockquote> <p>In his legislative role Johnson was most famous for his part in the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Radio_Act_of_1927" title="Radio Act of 1927">Radio Act of 1927</a>, stating that </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>American thought and American politics will be largely at the mercy of those who operate these stations. [If] a single selfish group is permitted to ... dominate these broadcasting stations throughout the country, then woe be to those who dare to differ with them." [67 Cong. Rec. 5558 (1926).]</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years">Later years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luther_Alexander_Johnson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Johnson was appointed by President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> to be a judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Tax_Court" title="United States Tax Court">United States Tax Court</a>, holding this office from July 1946 until his retirement in September 1956. He returned to Corsicana until his death there on June 6, 1965. He was interred in Oakwood Cemetery. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luther_Alexander_Johnson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luther Alexander Johnson married Turner Read on July 19, 1899.<sup id="cite_ref-Luther_Alexander_Johnson_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luther_Alexander_Johnson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple had two children. He became a ruling <a href="/wiki/Elder_(Christianity)" title="Elder (Christianity)">Elder</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(U.S.A.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)">Westminster Presbyterian Church (USA)</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Westminster_Presbyterian_Church_(USA)_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Westminster_Presbyterian_Church_(USA)-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the couple had lifelong membership. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fraternal_memberships">Fraternal memberships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luther_Alexander_Johnson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fraternal memberships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Sigma" title="Kappa Sigma">Kappa Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lions_Clubs_International" title="Lions Clubs International">Lions Clubs International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd_Fellows" title="Odd Fellows">Odd Fellows</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luther_Alexander_Johnson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-The_American_bar,_Volume_1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_American_bar,_Volume_1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_American_bar,_Volume_1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFifield1918" class="citation book cs1">Fifield, James Clark (1918). <i>The American bar, Volume 1</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+bar%2C+Volume+1&rft.date=1918&rft.aulast=Fifield&rft.aufirst=James+Clark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuther+Alexander+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hachey1973-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hachey1973_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHachey,_Thomas_E.1973–1974" class="citation journal cs1">Hachey, Thomas E. (Winter 1973–1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021185357/http://berlin.wolf.ox.ac.uk/published_works/singles/bib139a/bib139a.pdf">"American Profiles on Capitol Hill: A Confidential Study for the British Foreign Office in 1943"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Wisconsin Magazine of History</i>. <b>57</b> (2): 141–153. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4634869">4634869</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://berlin.wolf.ox.ac.uk/published_works/singles/bib139a/bib139a.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-10-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wisconsin+Magazine+of+History&rft.atitle=American+Profiles+on+Capitol+Hill%3A+A+Confidential+Study+for+the+British+Foreign+Office+in+1943&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=141-153&rft.date=1973%2F1974&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4634869%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Hachey%2C+Thomas+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fberlin.wolf.ox.ac.uk%2Fpublished_works%2Fsingles%2Fbib139a%2Fbib139a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuther+Alexander+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Luther_Alexander_Johnson-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Luther_Alexander_Johnson_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Watkins, Melanie: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fjo96">Luther Alexander Johnson</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Handbook of Texas">Handbook of Texas</a> Online</i>.  Retrieved 25 June 2010. Texas State Historical Association</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Westminster_Presbyterian_Church_(USA)-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Westminster_Presbyterian_Church_(USA)_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presbyterianchurchofcorsicana.org/">"Westminster Presbyterian Church (USA)"</a>. Westminster Presbyterian Church in Corsicana<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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