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<li id="toc-Noah_Webster" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noah_Webster"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Noah Webster</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noah_Webster-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merriam_as_publisher" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merriam_as_publisher"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Merriam as publisher</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merriam_as_publisher-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronunciation_guides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronunciation_guides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pronunciation guides</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronunciation_guides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_entries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_entries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Writing entries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing_entries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Merriam-Webster</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="ميريام وبستر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميريام وبستر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="মেরিয়াম-ওয়েবস্টার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেরিয়াম-ওয়েবস্টার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="मरियम-वेबस्टर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मरियम-वेबस्टर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Merriam-Webster" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Merriam-Webster" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="مریام-وبستر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مریام-وبستر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Merriam-Webster" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84-%EC%9B%B9%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B0" title="메리엄-웹스터 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메리엄-웹스터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="मेरियम-वेब्स्टर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मेरियम-वेब्स्टर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Merriam-Webster" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Merriam-Webster" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Merriam-Webster" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Merriam-Webster" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82-%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC" title="മെറിയം-വെബ്‌സ്റ്റർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മെറിയം-വെബ്‌സ്റ്റർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Merriam-Webster" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Merriam-Webster" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%96%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="メリアム＝ウェブスター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メリアム＝ウェブスター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Merriam-Webster" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Merriam-Webster" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Merriam-Webster" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Merriam-Webster" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Merriam-Webster" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Merriam-Webster" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%DB%8E%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1" title="مەریام-وێبستەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەریام-وێبستەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Merriam-Webster" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Merriam-Webster" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Merriam-Webster" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BC-%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мерріам-Вебстер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мерріам-Вебстер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="میریام ویبسٹر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میریام ویبسٹر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Merriam-Webster" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8E%84%E5%A7%86-%E9%9F%A6%E4%BC%AF%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="梅里厄姆-韦伯斯特 – Chinese" lang="zh" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American publisher and dictionary</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Merriam-Webster, Incorporated</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Merriam-Webster_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Merriam-Webster_logo.svg/220px-Merriam-Webster_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Merriam-Webster_logo.svg/330px-Merriam-Webster_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Merriam-Webster_logo.svg/440px-Merriam-Webster_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent company</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Inc." title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1831<span class="noprint">; 193 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1831</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Merriam" title="George Merriam">George Merriam</a>, Charles Merriam</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters location</th><td class="infobox-data label">47 Federal Street,<br /><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication types</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reference_work" title="Reference work">Reference books</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_online_dictionaries" title="List of online dictionaries">online dictionaries</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Inc." title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://merriam-webster.com">merriam-webster<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Merriam-Webster, Incorporated</b> is an <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">American company</a> that publishes <a href="/wiki/Reference_work" title="Reference work">reference books</a> and is mostly known for its <a href="/wiki/Dictionary" title="Dictionary">dictionaries</a>. It is the oldest dictionary publisher in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1831, <a href="/wiki/George_Merriam" title="George Merriam">George and Charles Merriam</a> founded the company as <b>G & C Merriam Co.</b> in <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield, Massachusetts</a>. In 1843, after <a href="/wiki/Noah_Webster" title="Noah Webster">Noah Webster</a> died, the company bought the rights to <i><a href="/wiki/Webster%27s_Dictionary#Noah_Webster's_American_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="Webster's Dictionary">An American Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> from Webster's estate. All Merriam-Webster dictionaries trace their lineage to this source. </p><p>In 1964, <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Inc." title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</a>, acquired Merriam-Webster, Inc., as a subsidiary. The company adopted its current name, Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merriam-Webster&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noah_Webster">Noah Webster</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merriam-Webster&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Noah Webster"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Noah_Webster" title="Noah Webster">Noah Webster</a></div> <p>In 1806, Webster published his first dictionary, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Compendious_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" class="extiw" title="s:A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language"><i>A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language</i></a>. In 1807 Webster started two decades of intensive work to expand his publication into a fully comprehensive dictionary, <i>An American Dictionary of the English Language</i>. To help him trace the etymology of words, Webster learned 26 languages. Webster hoped to standardize American speech, since Americans in different parts of the country used somewhat different vocabularies and spelled, pronounced, and used words differently. </p><p>Webster completed his dictionary during his year abroad in 1825 in Paris, and at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>. His 1820s book contained 70,000 words, of which about 12,000 had never appeared in a dictionary before. As a <a href="/wiki/Spelling_reform" title="Spelling reform">spelling reformer</a>, Webster believed that English spelling rules were unnecessarily complex, so his dictionary introduced <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a> spellings, replacing <i>colour</i> with <i>color</i>, <i>waggon</i> with <i>wagon</i>, and <i>centre</i> with <i>center</i>. He also added American words, including <i><a href="/wiki/Skunk" title="Skunk">skunk</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Squash_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squash (plant)">squash</a></i>, that did not appear in British dictionaries. At the age of 70 in 1828, Webster published his dictionary; it sold poorly, with only 2,500 copies, and put him in debt. However, in 1840, he published the second edition in two volumes with much greater success. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merriam_as_publisher">Merriam as publisher</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merriam-Webster&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Merriam as publisher"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Webster%27s_Dictionary" title="Webster's Dictionary"><i>Webster's Dictionary</i></a></div> <p>In 1843, after Webster's death, <a href="/wiki/George_Merriam" title="George Merriam">George Merriam</a> and Charles Merriam secured publishing and revision rights to the 1840 edition of the dictionary. They published a revision in 1847, which did not change any of the main text but merely added new sections, and a second update with illustrations in 1859. In 1864, Merriam published a greatly expanded edition, which was the first version to change Webster's text, largely overhauling his work yet retaining many of his definitions and the title "<i>An American Dictionary</i><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span>. This began a series of revisions that were described as being "unabridged" in content. In 1884 it contained 118,000 words, "3000 more than any other English dictionary".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the edition of 1890, the dictionary was retitled <i>Webster's International</i>. The vocabulary was vastly expanded in <i>Webster's New International</i> editions of 1909 and 1934, totaling over half a million words, with the 1934 edition retrospectively called <i>Webster's Second International</i> or simply "The Second Edition" of the New International. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Collegiate_Dictionary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Collegiate_Dictionary.jpg/220px-Collegiate_Dictionary.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Collegiate_Dictionary.jpg/330px-Collegiate_Dictionary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Collegiate_Dictionary.jpg/440px-Collegiate_Dictionary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3685" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption><i>Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary</i>, Eleventh Edition</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Collegiate Dictionary</i> was introduced in 1898 and the series is now in its eleventh edition. Following the publication of <i>Webster's International</i> in 1890, two <i>Collegiate</i> editions were issued as abridgments of each of their <i>Unabridged</i> editions. Merriam overhauled the dictionary again with the 1961 <i><a href="/wiki/Webster%27s_Third_New_International_Dictionary" title="Webster's Third New International Dictionary">Webster's Third New International</a></i> under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Philip_Babcock_Gove" title="Philip Babcock Gove">Philip B. Gove</a>, making changes that sparked public controversy. Many of these changes were in formatting, omitting needless <a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">punctuation</a>, or avoiding complete sentences when a phrase was sufficient. Others, more controversial, signaled a shift from <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_prescriptivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistic prescriptivism">linguistic prescriptivism</a> and towards <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_description" title="Linguistic description">describing</a> American English as it was used at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the ninth edition (<i>Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary</i> (WNNCD), published in 1983), the <i>Collegiate</i> adopted changes which distinguish it as a separate entity rather than merely an abridgment of the <i>Third New International</i> (the main text of which has remained virtually unrevised since 1961). Some proper names were returned to the word list, including names of <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table" title="Knights of the Round Table">Knights of the Round Table</a>. The most notable change was the inclusion of the date of the first known citation of each word, to document its entry into the English language. The eleventh edition (published in 2003) includes more than 225,000 definitions, and more than 165,000 entries. A <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a> of the text is sometimes included. This dictionary is preferred as a source "for general matters of spelling" by the influential <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style" title="The Chicago Manual of Style">The Chicago Manual of Style</a></i>, which is followed by many book publishers and magazines in the United States. The <i>Chicago Manual</i> states that it "normally opts for" the first spelling listed.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The G. & C. Merriam Company lost its right to exclusive use of the name "Webster" after a series of lawsuits placed that name in <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. Its name was changed to "<b>Merriam-Webster, Incorporated</b>", with the publication of <i>Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary</i> in 1983. Previous publications had used "<b>A Merriam-Webster Dictionary</b>" as a subtitle for many years and will be found on older editions. </p><p>Since the 1940s, the company has added many specialized dictionaries, language aides, and other references to its repertoire. The company has been a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Inc." title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</a>, since 1964. </p><p>The dictionary maintains an active social media presence, where it frequently posts dictionary related content as well as its takes on politics. Its <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> account has frequently used dictionary jargon to criticize and lampoon the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one viral tweet, Merriam Webster subtly accused <a href="/wiki/Kyle_Rittenhouse" title="Kyle Rittenhouse">Kyle Rittenhouse</a> of fake crying at his trial.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Services">Services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merriam-Webster&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1996, Merriam-Webster launched its first website, which provided free access to an online dictionary and <a href="/wiki/Thesaurus" title="Thesaurus">thesaurus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Merriam-Webster has also published dictionaries of <a href="/wiki/Synonyms" class="mw-redirect" title="Synonyms">synonyms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merriam_Webster%27s_Dictionary_of_English_Usage" class="mw-redirect" title="Merriam Webster's Dictionary of English Usage">English usage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster%27s_Geographical_Dictionary" title="Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary">Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Biography" title="Biography">biography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proper_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Proper names">proper names</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medical_terminology" title="Medical terminology">medical terms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports">sports</a> terms, <a href="/wiki/Slang" title="Slang">slang</a>, Spanish/English, and numerous others. Non-dictionary publications include <i>Collegiate Thesaurus</i>, <i>Secretarial Handbook</i>, <i>Manual for Writers and Editors</i>, <i>Collegiate Encyclopedia</i>, <i>Encyclopedia of Literature</i>, and <i>Encyclopedia of World Religions</i>. </p><p>On February 16, 2007, Merriam-Webster announced the launch of a mobile dictionary and <a href="/wiki/Thesaurus" title="Thesaurus">thesaurus</a> service developed with mobile search-and-information provider <a href="/wiki/AskMeNow" title="AskMeNow">AskMeNow</a>. Consumers use the service to access definitions, spelling and synonyms via <a href="/wiki/Text_message" class="mw-redirect" title="Text message">text message</a>. Services also include Merriam-Webster's <i>Word of the Day</i>—and <i>Open Dictionary</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wiki</a> service that provides subscribers the opportunity to create and submit their own new words and definitions.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pronunciation_guides">Pronunciation guides</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merriam-Webster&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pronunciation guides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English#Traditional_respelling_systems" title="Pronunciation respelling for English">Pronunciation respelling for English § Traditional respelling systems</a></div> <p>The Merriam-Webster company once used a unique set of <a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic symbols</a> in their dictionaries—intended to help people from different parts of the United States learn how to pronounce words the same way as others who spoke with the same accent or dialect did. <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> accommodated <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Association" title="International Phonetic Association">IPA</a> symbols from Unicode version 1.1 published in 1993, but did not support the phonetic symbols specific to Merriam-Webster dictionaries until Unicode version 4.0 published in 2003. Hence, to enable computerized access to the pronunciation without having to rework all dictionaries to IPA notation, the online services of Merriam-Webster specify phonetics using a less-specific set of <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> characters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_entries">Writing entries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merriam-Webster&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Writing entries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Merriam creates entries by finding uses of a particular word in print and recording them in a database of <i>citations</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Editors at Merriam spend about an hour a day looking at print sources, from books and newspapers to less formal publications, like advertisements and product packaging, to study the uses of individual words and choose things that should be preserved in the citation file. Merriam-Webster's citation file contains more than 16 million entries documenting individual uses of words. Millions of these citations are recorded on <a href="/wiki/Index_card" title="Index card">3-by-5 cards</a> in their paper citation files. The earliest entries in the paper citation files date back to the late 19th century. Since 2009, all new entries are recorded in an electronic database.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merriam-Webster&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kory_Stamper" title="Kory Stamper">Kory Stamper</a>, noted lexicographer/editor/social media personality at Merriam-Webster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Merriam-Webster%27s_Words_of_the_Year" title="Lists of Merriam-Webster's Words of the Year">Lists of Merriam-Webster's Words of the Year</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Webster%27s_Dictionary" title="Webster's Dictionary">Webster's Dictionary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Webster%27s_Third_New_International_Dictionary" title="Webster's Third New International Dictionary">Webster's Third New International Dictionary</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merriam-Webster&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCorrea2021" class="citation news cs1">Correa, Carla (November 3, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AskMeNow+and+Merriam-Webster+Launch+Mobile+Dictionary&rft.pub=Softpedia&rft.date=2007-02-16&rft.aulast=Trusca&rft.aufirst=Sorin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.softpedia.com%2Fnews%2FAskMeNow-and-Merriam-Webster-Launch-Mobile-Dictionary-47324.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerriam-Webster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merriam-Webster&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/">Official website</a></span></span> of Merriam-Webster</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archivesspace.amherst.edu/repositories/2/resources/170">G. & C. Merriam Company Collection</a> at the Amherst College Archives & Special Collections</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585329#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585329#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585329#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404658221">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/153186094">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/5226259-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82135290">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11877253z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11877253z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Merriam-Webster, Inc."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2002149718&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="G. & C. Merriam Company"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2002149717&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="G. & C. Merriam (firma)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003167864&CON_LNG=ENG">3</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007265201105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00235751?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026544776">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merriam-Webster&oldid=1257420836">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merriam-Webster&oldid=1257420836</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_publishing_companies_based_in_Massachusetts" title="Category:Book publishing companies based in Massachusetts">Book publishing companies based in Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Category:Companies based in Springfield, Massachusetts">Companies based in Springfield, Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Online_English_dictionaries" title="Category:Online English dictionaries">Online English dictionaries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webby_Award_winners" title="Category:Webby Award winners">Webby Award winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Reference_publishers" title="Category:Reference publishers">Reference publishers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Publishing_companies_established_in_1831" title="Category:Publishing companies established in 1831">Publishing companies established in 1831</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_June_2021" title="Category:Use mdy dates from June 2021">Use mdy dates from June 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_June_2024" title="Category:Use American English from June 2024">Use American English from June 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 November 2024, at 20:34<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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