{"title":"Effect of Moisture Content and Loading Rate on Mechanical Strength of Brown Rice Varieties","authors":"I. Bagheri, M.B. Dehpour","volume":59,"journal":"International Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering","pagesStart":680,"pagesEnd":687,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/11743","abstract":"The effect of moisture content and loading rate on\r\nmechanical strength of 12 brown rice grain varieties was determined.\r\nThe results showed that the rupture force of brown rice grain\r\ndecreased by increasing the moisture content and loading rate. The\r\nhighest rupture force values was obtained at the moisture content of\r\n8% (w.b.) and loading rate of 10 mm\/min; while the lowest rupture\r\nforce corresponded to the moisture content of 14% (w.b.) and loading\r\nrate of 15 mm\/min. The 12 varieties were divided into three groups,\r\nnamely local short grain varieties, local long grain varieties and\r\nimproved long grain varieties. It was observed that the rupture\r\nstrength of the three groups were statistically different from each\r\nother (P<0.01). It was revealed that the brown rice rupture at lower\r\nlevels of moisture content was in the form of sudden failure with less\r\ndeformation; while at higher levels of moisture content the grain\r\nrupture was in the form of gradually crushing with more deformation.","references":"[1] FAO, \"Rice production,\" http:\/\/faostat.fao.org. 2007.\r\n[2] T.J. Siebenmorgen, \"Role of moisture content in affecting head rice\r\nyield,\" Rice Sci. Tech., vol. 15, pp. 341-380, 1994.\r\n[3] Y.B. Li, C.W. Cao, Q.L. Yu, and Q.X. Zhong, \"Study on rough rice\r\nfissuring during intermittent drying,\" J. Drying Tech., vol. 17, no. 9, pp.\r\n1779-1793, 1999.\r\n[4] G.F. Kamst, C. Bonazzi, J. Vasseur and J.J. Bimbenet, \"Effect of\r\ndeformation rate and moisture content on the mechanical properties of\r\nrice grains,\" Trans. ASAE., vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 145-151, 2002.\r\n[5] Y.S. Kang, C.K. Spillman, J.L. Steele and D.S. Chung, \"Mechanical\r\nproperties of wheat,\" Trans. ASAE., vol. 38, no.2, pp. 573-578, 1995.\r\n[6] P.C. Bargale, J. Irudayaraj and M. Bruno, \"Studies on rheological\r\nbehavior of canola and wheat,\" J. Agric. Eng. Res., vol. 61, no. 4, pp.\r\n267-274, 1995.\r\n[7] K.K. Singh and T.K. Goswami, \"Mechanical properties of cumin seed\r\nunder compressive loading,\" J. Food Eng. Vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 311-321,\r\n1998.\r\n[8] R.K. Gupta and S.K. Das, \"Fracture resistance of sunflower seed and\r\nkernel to compressive loading,\" J. Food Eng. Vol. 46, pp. 1-8, 2000.\r\n[9] L.O. Ogunjimi, N.A. Aviara and O.A. Aregbesola, \"Some engineering\r\nproperties of locust bean seed,\" J. Food Eng. Vol. 55, no. 2, pp.95-99,\r\n2002.\r\n[10] M.H. Saiedirad, A. Tabatabaeefar, A. Borghei, M. Mirsalehi, F. Badii\r\nand M Ghasemi Varnamkhasti, \"Effects of moisture content, seed size,\r\nloading rate and seed orientation on force and energy required for\r\nfracturing cumin seed (Cuminum cyminum Linn.) under quasi-static\r\nloading,\" J. Food Eng. Vol. 86, pp. 565-572, 2008.\r\n[11] A. Gorji, A. Rajabipour and H. Tavakoli, \"Fracture resistance of wheat\r\ngrain as a function of moisture content, loading rate and grain\r\norientation,\" AJCS vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 448-452, 2010.\r\n[12] H. Zareiforoush, M.H. Komarizadeh and M.R. Alizadeh, \"Effects of\r\ncrop-machine variables on paddy grain damage during handling with an\r\ninclined screw auger,\" Biosyst. Eng. Vol. 106, no.3, pp. 234-242, 2010.\r\n[13] R.K. Jain and S. Bal, \"Properties of pearl millet,\" J. Agric. Eng. Res.\r\nVol. 66, pp.85-91, pp. 1997.\r\n[14] N.N. Mohsenin, \"Physical properties of plant and animal materials,\" 2nd\r\ned. New York: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1986.\r\n[15] E. Altuntas and M. Yildiz, \"Effect of moisture content on some physical\r\nand mechanical properties of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) grains,\" J. Food\r\nEng., vol. 78, pp. 174-183, 2007.\r\n[16] M. Konak, K. Carman and C. Aydin, \"Physical properties of chick pea\r\nseeds,\" Biosyst. Eng. Vol.82, no. 1, pp.73-78, 2002.\r\n[17] R.M. Paulsen, \"Fracture resistance of soybeans to compressive loading,\"\r\nTrans. ASAE. vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1210-1216, 1978.\r\n[18] M. Liu, K. Haghighi, R.L. Stroshine and E.C. Ting, \"Mechanical\r\nproperties of the soybean cotyledon and failure strength of soybean\r\nkernels,\" Trans. ASAE. vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 559-566, 1990.\r\n[19] G.C. Zoerb, \"Instrumentation and measurement techniques for\r\ndetermining physical properties of farm products,\" Trans. ASAE. vol.\r\n10, no. 1, pp. 100-113, 1967","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 59, 2011"}