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class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Economy of Vanuatu</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:402px;"><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Port_Vila_market.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150404071853im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Port_Vila_market.jpg/400px-Port_Vila_market.jpg" width="400" height="246" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150404071853im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Port_Vila_market.jpg/600px-Port_Vila_market.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150404071853im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Port_Vila_market.jpg/800px-Port_Vila_market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="631"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Port_Vila_market.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> A market in <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Vila" title="Port Vila">Port Vila</a>.</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px;"><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vanuatu_Exports_Treemap_(2009)..jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150404071853im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Vanuatu_Exports_Treemap_%282009%29..jpg/350px-Vanuatu_Exports_Treemap_%282009%29..jpg" width="350" height="273" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150404071853im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Vanuatu_Exports_Treemap_%282009%29..jpg/525px-Vanuatu_Exports_Treemap_%282009%29..jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150404071853im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Vanuatu_Exports_Treemap_%282009%29..jpg/700px-Vanuatu_Exports_Treemap_%282009%29..jpg 2x" data-file-width="2669" data-file-height="2085"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vanuatu_Exports_Treemap_(2009)..jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> A proportional representation of Vanuatu's exports.</div> </div> </div> <p><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>'s <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economy</a> is primarily <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agricultural</a>; 80% of the population is engaged in agricultural activities that range from <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsistence_agriculture" title="Subsistence agriculture">subsistence farming</a> to smallholder farming of <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconuts</a> and other <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cash_crop" title="Cash crop">cash crops</a>.</p> <p><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copra" title="Copra">Copra</a> is by far the most important cash crop (making up more than 35% of Vanuatu's exports), followed by <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timber" title="Timber" class="mw-redirect">timber</a>, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a>, and <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">cocoa</a>. <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kava" title="Kava">Kava</a> root extract exports also have become important.</p> <p></p> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Economic_sectors"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Economic sectors</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Economic_statistics"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Economic statistics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <p></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Economic_sectors">Economic sectors</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Vanuatu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Economic sectors">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copra" title="Copra">Copra</a>, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">cocoa</a>, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kava" title="Kava">kava</a> and <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a> account for more than 60% of Vanuatu's total exports by value and agriculture accounts for 20% of <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a>. <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">Tourism</a> is Vanuatu's fastest-growing sector, having comprised 40% of GDP in 2000. Industry's portion of GDP declined from 15% to 10% between 1990 and 2000. Government consumption accounted for about 27% of GDP.</p> <p>Vanuatu has commodities, mostly agricultural, produced for <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Export" title="Export">export</a>. In 2000, imports exceeded exports by a ratio of nearly 4 to 1. This was offset by high services income from tourism, which kept the current account balance fairly even. After a downturn in 2001 and 2002 due to a decrease in tourism funding,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2010)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the economy was expected to grow by 3.9%, increasing to 4.3% in 2007.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <p>Vanuatu claims an exclusive economic zone of 680,000 square kilometres (260,000 sq mi) and possesses <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_fisheries" title="Sustainable fisheries" class="mw-redirect">marine resources</a>. Some ni-Vanuatu are involved in <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>, along with foreign fleets.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <p><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luganville" title="Luganville">Luganville</a>, the second largest city, is a hub for exports with 64.3% of domestic exports leaving it compared to 35.7% for the capital of <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Vila" title="Port Vila">Port Vila</a>, whereas imports show the opposite trend with 86.9% entering through the capital and 13.1% through Luganville.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In addition, the Vanuatu government has maintained the country's pre-independence status as a tax haven and international financial center. About 2,000 registered institutions offer a wide range of <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offshore_bank" title="Offshore bank">offshore banking</a>, investment, legal, accounting, and insurance and <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_company" title="Trust company">trust company</a> services. On the <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_Justice_Network" title="Tax Justice Network">Tax Justice Network</a>'s 2011 Financial Secrecy Index, Vanuatu received a "secrecy score" of 88/100, though its marginal market share placed it near the bottom of the weighted list.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> Vanuatu was one of three Pacific island nations (along with Nauru and Palau) which four major international banks placed a U.S. dollar transaction ban on in December 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In 1997 the government, with the aid of the <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a>, committed itself to a 3-year comprehensive reform program. During the first year of the program the government has adopted a <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value-added_tax" title="Value-added tax">value-added tax</a>, consolidated and reformed government-owned banks, and started a 10% downsizing in the public service. The program was derailed when <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barak_Sope" title="Barak Sope" class="mw-redirect">Barak Sope</a> became Prime Minister. Under <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister" title="Prime Minister" class="mw-redirect">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Natapei" title="Edward Natapei">Edward Natapei</a>, reform programs have been reintroduced.</p> <p>The government declared 2007 to be "the Year of the Traditional Economy" (<a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislama_language" title="Bislama language" class="mw-redirect">Bislama</a>: <span lang="bi" xml:lang="bi"><i>kastom ekonomi</i></span>), encouraging the trade of sea shells and pig tusks and discouraging cash transfers. By the end of the year, they extended the experiment in to 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> The establishment of the <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangbunia_Bank" title="Tangbunia Bank">Tangbunia Bank</a>, to deal in customary wealth, was linked to this initiative.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Vanuatu maintains an international shipping register in <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Economic_statistics">Economic statistics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Vanuatu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Economic statistics">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Vanuatu scored 32.06 (versus a worldwide score of 42.94, lower scores translating to higher risk) on the June 2013 Euromoney Country Risk rankings.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><b>GDP:</b> <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a> - $1.237 billion (2012 est.)</p> <p><b>GDP - real growth rate:</b> 2.6% (2012 <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximation" title="Approximation">estimate</a>)</p> <p><b>GDP - per capita:</b> purchasing power parity - $4,900 (2012 est.)</p> <p><b>GDP - composition by sector:</b><br/> <i>agriculture:</i> 20.6%<br/> <i>industry:</i> 11.7%<br/> <i>services:</i> 67.6% (2012 est.)</p> <p><b>Population below poverty line:</b> NA%</p> <p><b>Household income or consumption by percentage share:</b><br/> <i>lowest 10%:</i> NA%<br/> <i>highest 10%:</i> NA%</p> <p><b>Inflation rate (consumer prices):</b> 2.8% (2012 est.)</p> <p><b>Labor force:</b> 115,900 (2007)</p> <p><b>Labor force - by occupation:</b> <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> 58%, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry" title="Industry">industry</a> 10%, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_economic_activity" title="Tertiary sector of economic activity" class="mw-redirect">services</a> 32% (2010 est.)</p> <p><b>Unemployment rate:</b> 1.5% (2010)</p> <p><b>Ease of Doing Business Rank:</b> 60th<sup id="cite_ref-World_Bank_and_International_Financial_Corporation_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Bank_and_International_Financial_Corporation-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><b>Budget:</b><br/> <i>revenues:</i> $188.2 million<br/> <i>expenditures:</i> $207.4 million, including capital expenditures of $700 000 (2012 est.)</p> <p><b>Industries:</b> food and fish freezing, wood processing, meat canning</p> <p><b>Industrial production growth rate:</b> 12% (2011 est.)</p> <p><b>Electricity - production:</b> 52 GWh (2008)</p> <p><b>Electricity - production by source:</b><br/> <i>fossil fuel:</i> 90%<br/> <i>hydro:</i> 0%<br/> <i>nuclear:</i> 0%<br/> <i>other:</i> 10% (2012)</p> <p><b>Electricity - consumption:</b> 40,22 GWh (2008)</p> <p><b>Electricity - exports:</b> 220 kWh (2008)</p> <p><b>Electricity - imports:</b> 0 kWh (2008)</p> <p><b>Agriculture - products:</b> <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copra" title="Copra">copra</a>, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconuts</a>, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">cocoa</a>, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a>, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kava" title="Kava">kava</a>, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taro" title="Taro">taro</a>, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yam_(vegetable)" title="Yam (vegetable)">yams</a>, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconuts</a>, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruits</a>, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetables</a>, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a>, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a></p> <p><b>Exports:</b> $280 million (f.o.b., 2012 est.)</p> <p><b>Exports - commodities:</b> <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copra" title="Copra">copra</a>, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a>, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">cocoa</a>, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timber" title="Timber" class="mw-redirect">timber</a>, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kava" title="Kava">kava</a>, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a></p> <p><b>Exports - partners:</b> <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> 57,3%, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> 21,8% (2011)</p> <p><b>Imports:</b> $242 million (f.o.b., 2012)</p> <p><b>Imports - commodities:</b> machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, fuels</p> <p><b>Imports - partners:</b> <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> 26.7%, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> 21.2%, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> 13.6%, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> 7.2%, <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> 6.7%, Japan 5.4% (2011)</p> <p><b>Debt - external:</b> $307.7 million (2011)</p> <p><b>Economic aid - recipient:</b> $27,5 million (2002)</p> <p><b>Currency:</b> 1 vatu (VT) = 100 centimes</p> <p><b>Exchange rates:</b> vatu (VT) per US$1 – 94.03 (2012), 96.91 (2010), 111,79 (2004), 122,19 (2003), 139,2 (2002), 145,31 (2001), 129,76 (December 1999), 129,08 (1999), 127,52 (1998), 115,87 (1997), 111,72 (1996), 112,11 (1995)</p> <p><b>Fiscal year:</b> calendar year</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Vanuatu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing_in_Vanuatu" title="Fishing in Vanuatu">Fishing in Vanuatu</a></li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Vanuatu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404071853/http://vanuatudaily.com/news/currentweek.php?subaction=showfull&id=1162158242">Trade deficit widens, economy looks good</a> - Vanuatudaily.com<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" since September 2013">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404071853/http://www.financialsecrecyindex.com/2011results.html">http://www.financialsecrecyindex.com/2011results.html</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404071853/http://pidp.org/archive/1999/December/12-21-up1.htm">http://pidp.org/archive/1999/December/12-21-up1.htm</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404071853/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/12/25/woz125.xml">Vanuatu spurns cash for sea shells and pigs</a> - <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>, 2007-12-25<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" since September 2013">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404071853/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6266274.stm">"Paying in pig tusks in Vanuatu"</a>, Andrew Harding, BBC, July 4, 2007</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404071853/http://www.euromoneycountryrisk.com/">"Euromoney Country Risk"</a>. <i>Euromoney Country Risk</i>. Euromoney Institutional Investor PLC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2013</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Vanuatu&rft.atitle=Euromoney+Country+Risk&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euromoneycountryrisk.com%2F&rft.jtitle=Euromoney+Country+Risk&rft.pub=Euromoney+Institutional+Investor+PLC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-World_Bank_and_International_Financial_Corporation-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-World_Bank_and_International_Financial_Corporation_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404071853/http://www.doingbusiness.org/ExploreEconomies/?economyid=200">"Doing Business in Vanuatu 2010"</a>. <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-20</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Vanuatu&rft.btitle=Doing+Business+in+Vanuatu+2010&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doingbusiness.org%2FExploreEconomies%2F%3Feconomyid%3D200&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> </ol> </div> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Vanuatu_topics" title="Template:Vanuatu topics"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Vanuatu_topics" title="Template talk:Vanuatu topics"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Vanuatu_topics&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> <a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Vanuatu-related_topics" title="List of Vanuatu-related topics" class="mw-redirect">topics</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Vanuatu" title="History of Vanuatu">History</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;;background:transparent;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franceville,_New_Hebrides" title="Franceville, New Hebrides">Franceville</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hebrides" title="New Hebrides">New Hebrides</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanua%27aku_Pati" title="Vanua'aku Pati">Vanua'aku Pati</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"> <div><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu" title="Coat of arms of Vanuatu"><img alt="Coat of arms of Vanuatu.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150404071853im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" width="110" height="138" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150404071853im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu.svg/165px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150404071853im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="500"/></a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Vanuatu" title="Geography of Vanuatu">Geography</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vanuatu" title="List of cities in Vanuatu">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islands_of_Vanuatu" title="Islands of Vanuatu" class="mw-redirect">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Vanuatu" title="Provinces of Vanuatu">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Vanuatu" title="List of volcanoes in Vanuatu">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Biota_of_Vanuatu" title="Category:Biota of Vanuatu">Wildlife</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Vanuatu" title="Politics of Vanuatu">Politics</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Vanuatu" title="Cabinet of Vanuatu">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Vanuatu" title="Constitution of Vanuatu">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Vanuatu" title="Elections in Vanuatu">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Vanuatu" title="Foreign relations of Vanuatu">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Vanuatu" title="Human rights in Vanuatu">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Judicial_system_of_Vanuatu" title="Category:Judicial system of Vanuatu">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Vanuatu" title="Law enforcement in Vanuatu">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_of_Vanuatu" title="Military of Vanuatu" class="mw-redirect">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Vanuatu" title="List of political parties in Vanuatu">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Vanuatu" title="President of Vanuatu">President</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vanuatu" title="Prime Minister of Vanuatu">Prime Minister</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><strong class="selflink">Economy</strong></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Vanuatu" title="Reserve Bank of Vanuatu">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing_in_Vanuatu" title="Fishing in Vanuatu">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Vanuatu" title="Telecommunications in Vanuatu">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Vanuatu" title="Transport in Vanuatu">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu_vatu" title="Vanuatu vatu">Vatu <small style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</small></a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Vanuatuan_society" title="Category:Vanuatuan society">Society</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Vanuatu" title="Demographics of Vanuatu">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Vanuatu" title="Languages of Vanuatu">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatuan_people" title="Vanuatuan people" class="mw-redirect">People</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Vanuatu" title="Religion in Vanuatu">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Vanuatu" title="Women in Vanuatu">Women</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Vanuatu" title="Culture of Vanuatu">Culture</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yumi,_Yumi,_Yumi" title="Yumi, Yumi, Yumi">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_man_(anthropology)" title="Big man (anthropology)">Big man (anthropology)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu" title="Coat of arms of Vanuatu">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatuan_cuisine" title="Vanuatuan cuisine" class="mw-redirect">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Vanuatu" title="Flag of Vanuatu">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature_of_Vanuatu" title="Literature of Vanuatu" class="mw-redirect">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_of_Vanuatu" title="Media of Vanuatu">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Vanuatu" title="Music of Vanuatu">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Vanuatu" title="Public holidays in Vanuatu">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_Vanuatu" title="Sport in Vanuatu">Sport</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.25em;"> <div> <div style="margin-top:0;line-height:1.4em;margin-bottom:-0.2em;"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Vanuatu" title="Outline of Vanuatu">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Vanuatu-related_articles" title="Index of Vanuatu-related articles">Index</a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="margin-top:-0.2em;line-height:1.4em;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Vanuatu" title="Book:Vanuatu">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Vanuatu" title="Category:Vanuatu">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Vanuatu" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Vanuatu">WikiProject</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Oceania_topic&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Oceania" title="Economy of Oceania">Economy of Oceania</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Australia" title="Economy of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Fiji" title="Economy of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia" title="Economy of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Kiribati" title="Economy of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Economy of the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Economy of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Nauru" title="Economy of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_New_Zealand" title="Economy of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Palau" title="Economy of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Economy of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Samoa" title="Economy of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Solomon_Islands" title="Economy of the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Tonga" title="Economy of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Tuvalu" title="Economy of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><strong class="selflink">Vanuatu</strong></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Associated states<br/> of New Zealand</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Economy of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Niue" title="Economy of Niue">Niue</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a><br/> and other territories</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_American_Samoa" title="Economy of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Christmas_Island" title="Economy of Christmas Island" class="mw-redirect">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Economy of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands" class="mw-redirect">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economy of Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_French_Polynesia" title="Economy of French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Guam" title="Economy of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Hawaii" title="Economy of Hawaii" class="mw-redirect">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_New_Caledonia" title="Economy of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Norfolk_Island" title="Economy of Norfolk Island" class="mw-redirect">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Economy of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="Economy of the Pitcairn Islands" class="mw-redirect">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Tokelau" title="Economy of Tokelau" class="mw-redirect">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150404071853/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Economy of Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> 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