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Problems | Innovation for Climate and Sustainability
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<section class="node basic-page node--layout-full"> <div class="content"> <div class="jumpstart-ui--one-column"> <div class="main-region"> <div class="field-block node-stanford-page-su-page-banner block-layout-builder"> <div class="node stanford-page su-page-banner entity-reference-revisions label-hidden"><div class="ptype-stanford-banner"> <div class="overlay-right ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-banner"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=41&paragraph=156:changed=1730769784&ds_bundle=stanford_banner&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="MIyRL7od3ZQdWoQsKyS7mKIke1zBHTTjggRZVgD75V0" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div> <div class="su-hero overlay-right"> <div class="su-hero__media"> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/breakpoint_2xl_1x/public/media/image/wildfire-9.jpg.webp?itok=fidyJvAG 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/breakpoint_2xl_2x/public/media/image/wildfire-9.jpg.webp?itok=0nFw7maz 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 1500px)" type="image/webp" width="1500" height="525"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/breakpoint_2xl_1x/public/media/image/wildfire-9.jpg.webp?itok=fidyJvAG 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/breakpoint_2xl_2x/public/media/image/wildfire-9.jpg.webp?itok=0nFw7maz 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 1200px)" type="image/webp" width="1500" height="525"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/breakpoint_xl_1x/public/media/image/wildfire-9.jpg.webp?itok=tCmRbcXZ 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/breakpoint_xl_2x/public/media/image/wildfire-9.jpg.webp?itok=HXdFMl9I 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1200" height="420"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/breakpoint_lg_1x/public/media/image/wildfire-9.jpg.webp?itok=SvsqX78D 1x, 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/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/breakpoint_2xl_2x/public/media/image/wildfire-9.jpg?itok=0nFw7maz 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 1500px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1500" height="525"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/breakpoint_2xl_1x/public/media/image/wildfire-9.jpg?itok=fidyJvAG 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/breakpoint_2xl_2x/public/media/image/wildfire-9.jpg?itok=0nFw7maz 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 1200px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1500" height="525"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/breakpoint_xl_1x/public/media/image/wildfire-9.jpg?itok=tCmRbcXZ 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/breakpoint_xl_2x/public/media/image/wildfire-9.jpg?itok=HXdFMl9I 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1200" height="420"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/breakpoint_lg_1x/public/media/image/wildfire-9.jpg?itok=SvsqX78D 1x, 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</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="jumpstart-ui--one-column centered-container"> <div class="main-region flex-12-of-12"> <div class="field-block node-stanford-page-title block-layout-builder"> <div class="node stanford-page title string label-hidden"><h1>Problems</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="jumpstart-ui--two-column flex-container centered-container"> <div class="flex-12-of-12 main-region"> <div class="jumpstart-ui-skipnav-main-anchor block-jumpstart-ui"> <div id="main-content" tabindex="-1" class="visually-hidden focusable">Main content start</div> </div> <div class="field-block node-stanford-page-su-page-components block-layout-builder"> <div class="node stanford-page su-page-components entity-reference-revisions label-hidden"> <div class="paragraph-item ptype-stanford-layout"> <div class="ptype-stanford-layout paragraph paragraph--type--stanford-layout paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="layout layout--layout-paragraphs-one-column"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div class="ptype-stanford-entity paragraph paragraph--type--stanford-entity paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="su-margin-bottom paragraph stanford-entity su-entity-headline string label-hidden"><h2>Project Ideas List </h2> </div> <div class="paragraph stanford-entity su-entity-button link label-hidden"><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IwqXyijrwcgBqxTObVEcWVgfKoqTDXo4bycii95U694/edit?usp=sharing" class="su-button">Project Ideas</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph-item ptype-stanford-layout"> <div class="ptype-stanford-layout paragraph paragraph--type--stanford-layout paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="layout layout--layout-paragraphs-one-column"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div class="ptype-stanford-entity paragraph paragraph--type--stanford-entity paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="su-margin-bottom paragraph stanford-entity su-entity-headline string label-hidden"><h2>See Examples of Past Teams' Problems</h2> </div> <div class="paragraph stanford-entity su-entity-button link label-hidden"><a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1GbfZua0w2rfVr2wkkU7f2eEoQgYbveZLlrV0-uKCQao/edit?usp=sharing" class="su-button">See Examples</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph-item ptype-stanford-layout"> <div class="ptype-stanford-layout paragraph paragraph--type--stanford-layout paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="layout layout-paragraphs-two-column layout-paragraphs-two-column--50-50 layout--layout-paragraphs-two-column"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=41&paragraph=386:changed=1730769784&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="YKfDg-VGdE0qJpziIWxf68dQ61C-PYDpeKSzG2q1C6U" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><article class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/photo-epel-stanford-campus.jpg.webp?h=56d0ca2e&itok=Fi6rrBjR 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/photo-epel-stanford-campus.jpg.webp?h=56d0ca2e&itok=T1Fl5pyB 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/photo-epel-stanford-campus.jpg.webp?h=56d0ca2e&itok=owEt3TEO 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/photo-epel-stanford-campus.jpg.webp?h=56d0ca2e&itok=T1Fl5pyB 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/photo-epel-stanford-campus.jpg.webp?h=56d0ca2e&itok=owEt3TEO 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/photo-epel-stanford-campus.jpg.webp?h=56d0ca2e&itok=Fi6rrBjR 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/photo-epel-stanford-campus.jpg.webp?h=56d0ca2e&itok=uC3KvH_F 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/photo-epel-stanford-campus.jpg.webp?h=56d0ca2e&itok=owEt3TEO 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/webp" width="478" height="239"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/photo-epel-stanford-campus.jpg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=Fi6rrBjR 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/photo-epel-stanford-campus.jpg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=T1Fl5pyB 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/photo-epel-stanford-campus.jpg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=owEt3TEO 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/photo-epel-stanford-campus.jpg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=T1Fl5pyB 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/photo-epel-stanford-campus.jpg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=owEt3TEO 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/photo-epel-stanford-campus.jpg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=Fi6rrBjR 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/photo-epel-stanford-campus.jpg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=uC3KvH_F 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/photo-epel-stanford-campus.jpg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=owEt3TEO 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/photo-epel-stanford-campus.jpg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=T1Fl5pyB" width="1900" height="950" alt="View of the front of Stanford Campus" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead"></div> <h2>Bring Your Own Problem Idea or Technology! . . . . OR consider the problem ideas below</h2> </div></article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--sidebar"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=41&paragraph=246:changed=1730769784&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="JtUAuAmi-YTELEojaaeQg2K9hFTMpmHdXS6CaJjUO8w" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><article class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/bomber_with_retardant_1.jpg.webp?h=0c74c83e&itok=8lS4PWPN 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/bomber_with_retardant_1.jpg.webp?h=0c74c83e&itok=GzAb7G16 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/bomber_with_retardant_1.jpg.webp?h=0c74c83e&itok=3e0zOqSm 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/bomber_with_retardant_1.jpg.webp?h=0c74c83e&itok=GzAb7G16 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/bomber_with_retardant_1.jpg.webp?h=0c74c83e&itok=3e0zOqSm 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/bomber_with_retardant_1.jpg.webp?h=0c74c83e&itok=8lS4PWPN 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/bomber_with_retardant_1.jpg.webp?h=0c74c83e&itok=cbbuj261 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/bomber_with_retardant_1.jpg.webp?h=0c74c83e&itok=3e0zOqSm 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/webp" width="478" height="239"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/bomber_with_retardant_1.jpg?h=0c74c83e&itok=8lS4PWPN 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/bomber_with_retardant_1.jpg?h=0c74c83e&itok=GzAb7G16 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/bomber_with_retardant_1.jpg?h=0c74c83e&itok=3e0zOqSm 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/bomber_with_retardant_1.jpg?h=0c74c83e&itok=GzAb7G16 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/bomber_with_retardant_1.jpg?h=0c74c83e&itok=3e0zOqSm 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/bomber_with_retardant_1.jpg?h=0c74c83e&itok=8lS4PWPN 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/bomber_with_retardant_1.jpg?h=0c74c83e&itok=cbbuj261 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/bomber_with_retardant_1.jpg?h=0c74c83e&itok=3e0zOqSm 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/bomber_with_retardant_1.jpg?h=0c74c83e&itok=GzAb7G16" width="1900" height="950" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead">Problem 1</div> <h2>Wildfire Response</h2> <p>Firefighting effort and emergency evacuation response is limited by the inability to rapidly detect forest fires upon ignition.</p> <p><em>photo: Abby Reed</em></p> </div></article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph-item ptype-stanford-layout"> <div class="ptype-stanford-layout paragraph paragraph--type--stanford-layout paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="layout layout--layout-paragraphs-three-column"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--sidebar"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=41&paragraph=351:changed=1730769784&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="FLv1mnr7aObSXlJJg9ZnUkkydhRLo4kJf2nqteezg2c" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><article class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/forest_thinning_tree_cutting_lone_peak_hotshots_0.jpg.webp?h=ddc58dd3&itok=kvP04xDh 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/forest_thinning_tree_cutting_lone_peak_hotshots_0.jpg.webp?h=ddc58dd3&itok=sgP7_mQ7 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/forest_thinning_tree_cutting_lone_peak_hotshots_0.jpg.webp?h=ddc58dd3&itok=Txhrxjbb 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/forest_thinning_tree_cutting_lone_peak_hotshots_0.jpg.webp?h=ddc58dd3&itok=sgP7_mQ7 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/forest_thinning_tree_cutting_lone_peak_hotshots_0.jpg.webp?h=ddc58dd3&itok=Txhrxjbb 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/forest_thinning_tree_cutting_lone_peak_hotshots_0.jpg.webp?h=ddc58dd3&itok=kvP04xDh 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/forest_thinning_tree_cutting_lone_peak_hotshots_0.jpg.webp?h=ddc58dd3&itok=ANLULL-S 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/forest_thinning_tree_cutting_lone_peak_hotshots_0.jpg.webp?h=ddc58dd3&itok=Txhrxjbb 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/webp" width="478" height="239"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/forest_thinning_tree_cutting_lone_peak_hotshots_0.jpg?h=ddc58dd3&itok=kvP04xDh 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/forest_thinning_tree_cutting_lone_peak_hotshots_0.jpg?h=ddc58dd3&itok=sgP7_mQ7 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/forest_thinning_tree_cutting_lone_peak_hotshots_0.jpg?h=ddc58dd3&itok=Txhrxjbb 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/forest_thinning_tree_cutting_lone_peak_hotshots_0.jpg?h=ddc58dd3&itok=sgP7_mQ7 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/forest_thinning_tree_cutting_lone_peak_hotshots_0.jpg?h=ddc58dd3&itok=Txhrxjbb 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/forest_thinning_tree_cutting_lone_peak_hotshots_0.jpg?h=ddc58dd3&itok=kvP04xDh 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/forest_thinning_tree_cutting_lone_peak_hotshots_0.jpg?h=ddc58dd3&itok=ANLULL-S 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/forest_thinning_tree_cutting_lone_peak_hotshots_0.jpg?h=ddc58dd3&itok=Txhrxjbb 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/forest_thinning_tree_cutting_lone_peak_hotshots_0.jpg?h=ddc58dd3&itok=sgP7_mQ7" width="1900" height="950" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead">Problem 2</div> <h2>Risk Reduction Co-Benefits</h2> <p>A challenge in wildfire risk reduction is that we are not very good at rewarding the multiple benefits that can come from removing accumulated fuels. Might forest timbers and other fuels be extracted both for their economic value for forest products <em>and </em>with the express intent and compensation for the service of reducing wildfire risk? Can more of the benefits of reducing wildfire risk be captured in order to reduce the financial costs?</p> <p><em>photo: Lone Peak Hotshots</em></p> </div></article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=41&paragraph=361:changed=1730769784&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="4kwg-h0f8O_klRLNRXzTyO4WKPoOVGXc8vsLS7m_TRQ" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><article class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/wave_noaa_0.jpg.webp?h=44b879e5&itok=WGauVVJE 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/wave_noaa_0.jpg.webp?h=44b879e5&itok=vNWKF5_s 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/wave_noaa_0.jpg.webp?h=44b879e5&itok=1aBmCwcU 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/wave_noaa_0.jpg.webp?h=44b879e5&itok=vNWKF5_s 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/wave_noaa_0.jpg.webp?h=44b879e5&itok=1aBmCwcU 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/wave_noaa_0.jpg.webp?h=44b879e5&itok=WGauVVJE 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/wave_noaa_0.jpg.webp?h=44b879e5&itok=Spp89HLo 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/wave_noaa_0.jpg.webp?h=44b879e5&itok=1aBmCwcU 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/webp" width="478" height="239"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/wave_noaa_0.jpg?h=44b879e5&itok=WGauVVJE 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/wave_noaa_0.jpg?h=44b879e5&itok=vNWKF5_s 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/wave_noaa_0.jpg?h=44b879e5&itok=1aBmCwcU 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/wave_noaa_0.jpg?h=44b879e5&itok=vNWKF5_s 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/wave_noaa_0.jpg?h=44b879e5&itok=1aBmCwcU 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/wave_noaa_0.jpg?h=44b879e5&itok=WGauVVJE 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/wave_noaa_0.jpg?h=44b879e5&itok=Spp89HLo 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/wave_noaa_0.jpg?h=44b879e5&itok=1aBmCwcU 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/wave_noaa_0.jpg?h=44b879e5&itok=vNWKF5_s" width="1900" height="950" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead">Problem 3</div> <h2>Harnessing Ocean Energy</h2> <p>Tidal currents — a largely untapped source of energy for coastal communities — have been hard to harness because the turbulent ocean waters can batter and damage the underwater equipment.</p> </div></article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--sidebar"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=41&paragraph=346:changed=1730769784&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="Dq6S2lO1avFXmCQU5i4Qar3nSpcLHG7m07VIUD_9SL0" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><article class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/small_scale_fisheries_ghana_curtis_lind-world_fish4_0.png.webp?h=a9c55445&itok=m4_NqlJl 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/small_scale_fisheries_ghana_curtis_lind-world_fish4_0.png.webp?h=a9c55445&itok=UjbJr8sY 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/small_scale_fisheries_ghana_curtis_lind-world_fish4_0.png.webp?h=a9c55445&itok=NARa55m4 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/small_scale_fisheries_ghana_curtis_lind-world_fish4_0.png.webp?h=a9c55445&itok=UjbJr8sY 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/small_scale_fisheries_ghana_curtis_lind-world_fish4_0.png.webp?h=a9c55445&itok=NARa55m4 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/small_scale_fisheries_ghana_curtis_lind-world_fish4_0.png.webp?h=a9c55445&itok=m4_NqlJl 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/small_scale_fisheries_ghana_curtis_lind-world_fish4_0.png.webp?h=a9c55445&itok=LnWrKcGu 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/small_scale_fisheries_ghana_curtis_lind-world_fish4_0.png.webp?h=a9c55445&itok=NARa55m4 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/webp" width="478" height="239"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/small_scale_fisheries_ghana_curtis_lind-world_fish4_0.png?h=a9c55445&itok=m4_NqlJl 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/small_scale_fisheries_ghana_curtis_lind-world_fish4_0.png?h=a9c55445&itok=UjbJr8sY 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/png" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/small_scale_fisheries_ghana_curtis_lind-world_fish4_0.png?h=a9c55445&itok=NARa55m4 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/small_scale_fisheries_ghana_curtis_lind-world_fish4_0.png?h=a9c55445&itok=UjbJr8sY 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/png" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/small_scale_fisheries_ghana_curtis_lind-world_fish4_0.png?h=a9c55445&itok=NARa55m4 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/small_scale_fisheries_ghana_curtis_lind-world_fish4_0.png?h=a9c55445&itok=m4_NqlJl 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/small_scale_fisheries_ghana_curtis_lind-world_fish4_0.png?h=a9c55445&itok=LnWrKcGu 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/small_scale_fisheries_ghana_curtis_lind-world_fish4_0.png?h=a9c55445&itok=NARa55m4 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/png" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/small_scale_fisheries_ghana_curtis_lind-world_fish4_0.png?h=a9c55445&itok=UjbJr8sY" width="1900" height="950" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead">Problem 4</div> <h2>Small-scale Producers Lack Information</h2> <p>Small-scale fishers and farmers, especially in poor countries, often have limited information about the status of nearby markets. This results in dramatic fluctuations and inefficiencies in supply and price, because producers have no way to know whether the prices are better in the next village.</p> <p><em>photo: Curtis Lind/WorldFish</em></p> </div></article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph-item ptype-stanford-layout"> <div class="ptype-stanford-layout paragraph paragraph--type--stanford-layout paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="layout layout--layout-paragraphs-three-column"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--sidebar"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=41&paragraph=336:changed=1730769784&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="Y2Z-Etq6IynBLDeWdlyzjV6pguWHxYpUyQCImdG-wA8" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><article class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/acacia_plantation_drc_axel_fassio-cifor_0.jpg.webp?h=a1e1a043&itok=YTt_bIYM 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/acacia_plantation_drc_axel_fassio-cifor_0.jpg.webp?h=a1e1a043&itok=EpqwS2uq 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/acacia_plantation_drc_axel_fassio-cifor_0.jpg.webp?h=a1e1a043&itok=rp8LsvSV 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/acacia_plantation_drc_axel_fassio-cifor_0.jpg.webp?h=a1e1a043&itok=EpqwS2uq 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/acacia_plantation_drc_axel_fassio-cifor_0.jpg.webp?h=a1e1a043&itok=rp8LsvSV 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/acacia_plantation_drc_axel_fassio-cifor_0.jpg.webp?h=a1e1a043&itok=YTt_bIYM 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/acacia_plantation_drc_axel_fassio-cifor_0.jpg.webp?h=a1e1a043&itok=qef_CCk2 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/acacia_plantation_drc_axel_fassio-cifor_0.jpg.webp?h=a1e1a043&itok=rp8LsvSV 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/webp" width="478" height="239"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/acacia_plantation_drc_axel_fassio-cifor_0.jpg?h=a1e1a043&itok=YTt_bIYM 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/acacia_plantation_drc_axel_fassio-cifor_0.jpg?h=a1e1a043&itok=EpqwS2uq 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/acacia_plantation_drc_axel_fassio-cifor_0.jpg?h=a1e1a043&itok=rp8LsvSV 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/acacia_plantation_drc_axel_fassio-cifor_0.jpg?h=a1e1a043&itok=EpqwS2uq 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/acacia_plantation_drc_axel_fassio-cifor_0.jpg?h=a1e1a043&itok=rp8LsvSV 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/acacia_plantation_drc_axel_fassio-cifor_0.jpg?h=a1e1a043&itok=YTt_bIYM 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/acacia_plantation_drc_axel_fassio-cifor_0.jpg?h=a1e1a043&itok=qef_CCk2 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/acacia_plantation_drc_axel_fassio-cifor_0.jpg?h=a1e1a043&itok=rp8LsvSV 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/acacia_plantation_drc_axel_fassio-cifor_0.jpg?h=a1e1a043&itok=EpqwS2uq" width="1900" height="950" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead">Problem 5</div> <h2>Tropical Deforestation</h2> <p>Tropical deforestation is still a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, and it has devastating impacts for habitat. Demand for timber and the land to cultivate products, notably palm oil, dominate the incentives landholders face and continue to exacerbate the problem. Carbon credits, for one, may alter the incentives. However, it is very hard to answer the question -- what would have happened if the credits were not issued? How much carbon was really protected by the credits?</p> <p><em>photo: Kate Evans/CIFOR</em></p> </div></article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=41&paragraph=356:changed=1730769784&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="WoCxg2KIioywAC4EbBy--PDq8_1HzHY15OREIyEdVHY" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><article class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/flood_coast_guard_rescue_0.jpg.webp?h=e514ad9b&itok=3AG31c7f 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/flood_coast_guard_rescue_0.jpg.webp?h=e514ad9b&itok=SVt69Ksp 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/flood_coast_guard_rescue_0.jpg.webp?h=e514ad9b&itok=zaaz1-ag 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/flood_coast_guard_rescue_0.jpg.webp?h=e514ad9b&itok=SVt69Ksp 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/flood_coast_guard_rescue_0.jpg.webp?h=e514ad9b&itok=zaaz1-ag 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/flood_coast_guard_rescue_0.jpg.webp?h=e514ad9b&itok=3AG31c7f 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/flood_coast_guard_rescue_0.jpg.webp?h=e514ad9b&itok=UOFFczSu 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/flood_coast_guard_rescue_0.jpg.webp?h=e514ad9b&itok=zaaz1-ag 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/webp" width="478" height="239"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/flood_coast_guard_rescue_0.jpg?h=e514ad9b&itok=3AG31c7f 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/flood_coast_guard_rescue_0.jpg?h=e514ad9b&itok=SVt69Ksp 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/flood_coast_guard_rescue_0.jpg?h=e514ad9b&itok=zaaz1-ag 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/flood_coast_guard_rescue_0.jpg?h=e514ad9b&itok=SVt69Ksp 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/flood_coast_guard_rescue_0.jpg?h=e514ad9b&itok=zaaz1-ag 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/flood_coast_guard_rescue_0.jpg?h=e514ad9b&itok=3AG31c7f 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/flood_coast_guard_rescue_0.jpg?h=e514ad9b&itok=UOFFczSu 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/flood_coast_guard_rescue_0.jpg?h=e514ad9b&itok=zaaz1-ag 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/flood_coast_guard_rescue_0.jpg?h=e514ad9b&itok=SVt69Ksp" width="1900" height="950" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead">Problem 6</div> <h2>Planned Relocation</h2> <p>Many homes and communities are located in areas where the risk of disaster (from fire or flood) is too high. It is clear that some homes or communities need to be relocated, but it is far from clear how to manage these strategic relocations in a way that manages costs, allocates costs fairly, preserves a community’s cohesiveness, and sustains quality of life.</p> </div></article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--sidebar"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=41&paragraph=371:changed=1730769784&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="WzaDheT1eX8dfEyywphvCUAVjweasz6fhDJHoFWJtnQ" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><article class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/shiny_building_los_angeles_0.jpg.webp?h=71976bb4&itok=z7fnb-W0 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/shiny_building_los_angeles_0.jpg.webp?h=71976bb4&itok=VWA1YyBW 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/shiny_building_los_angeles_0.jpg.webp?h=71976bb4&itok=I7i-16aJ 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/shiny_building_los_angeles_0.jpg.webp?h=71976bb4&itok=VWA1YyBW 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/shiny_building_los_angeles_0.jpg.webp?h=71976bb4&itok=I7i-16aJ 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/shiny_building_los_angeles_0.jpg.webp?h=71976bb4&itok=z7fnb-W0 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/shiny_building_los_angeles_0.jpg.webp?h=71976bb4&itok=plEQZAtq 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/shiny_building_los_angeles_0.jpg.webp?h=71976bb4&itok=I7i-16aJ 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/webp" width="478" height="239"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/shiny_building_los_angeles_0.jpg?h=71976bb4&itok=z7fnb-W0 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/shiny_building_los_angeles_0.jpg?h=71976bb4&itok=VWA1YyBW 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/shiny_building_los_angeles_0.jpg?h=71976bb4&itok=I7i-16aJ 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/shiny_building_los_angeles_0.jpg?h=71976bb4&itok=VWA1YyBW 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/shiny_building_los_angeles_0.jpg?h=71976bb4&itok=I7i-16aJ 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/shiny_building_los_angeles_0.jpg?h=71976bb4&itok=z7fnb-W0 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/shiny_building_los_angeles_0.jpg?h=71976bb4&itok=plEQZAtq 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/shiny_building_los_angeles_0.jpg?h=71976bb4&itok=I7i-16aJ 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/shiny_building_los_angeles_0.jpg?h=71976bb4&itok=VWA1YyBW" width="1900" height="950" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead">Problem 7</div> <h2>Greening Homes and Buildings</h2> <p>Energy consumption by homes and buildings consume around 40% of energy. How can we reduce the energy consumption of buildings by 10% or more over the next 10 years?</p> </div></article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph-item ptype-stanford-layout"> <div class="ptype-stanford-layout paragraph paragraph--type--stanford-layout paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="layout layout--layout-paragraphs-three-column"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--sidebar"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=41&paragraph=411:changed=1730769784&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="2N1yG5wTco0iizZrqph6v9Bx5yR6TNBL5XSFdRvYDBY" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><article class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/water_pumps_pajaro_valley_water_mngmt_dist_usda_0.jpg.webp?h=f4761ccc&itok=Tm4pXbOQ 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/water_pumps_pajaro_valley_water_mngmt_dist_usda_0.jpg.webp?h=f4761ccc&itok=v0Hrjo73 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/water_pumps_pajaro_valley_water_mngmt_dist_usda_0.jpg.webp?h=f4761ccc&itok=2VsuXLfR 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/water_pumps_pajaro_valley_water_mngmt_dist_usda_0.jpg.webp?h=f4761ccc&itok=v0Hrjo73 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/water_pumps_pajaro_valley_water_mngmt_dist_usda_0.jpg.webp?h=f4761ccc&itok=2VsuXLfR 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/water_pumps_pajaro_valley_water_mngmt_dist_usda_0.jpg.webp?h=f4761ccc&itok=Tm4pXbOQ 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/water_pumps_pajaro_valley_water_mngmt_dist_usda_0.jpg.webp?h=f4761ccc&itok=pw1Nd3Nm 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/water_pumps_pajaro_valley_water_mngmt_dist_usda_0.jpg.webp?h=f4761ccc&itok=2VsuXLfR 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/webp" width="478" height="239"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/water_pumps_pajaro_valley_water_mngmt_dist_usda_0.jpg?h=f4761ccc&itok=Tm4pXbOQ 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/water_pumps_pajaro_valley_water_mngmt_dist_usda_0.jpg?h=f4761ccc&itok=v0Hrjo73 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/water_pumps_pajaro_valley_water_mngmt_dist_usda_0.jpg?h=f4761ccc&itok=2VsuXLfR 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/water_pumps_pajaro_valley_water_mngmt_dist_usda_0.jpg?h=f4761ccc&itok=v0Hrjo73 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/water_pumps_pajaro_valley_water_mngmt_dist_usda_0.jpg?h=f4761ccc&itok=2VsuXLfR 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/water_pumps_pajaro_valley_water_mngmt_dist_usda_0.jpg?h=f4761ccc&itok=Tm4pXbOQ 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/water_pumps_pajaro_valley_water_mngmt_dist_usda_0.jpg?h=f4761ccc&itok=pw1Nd3Nm 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/water_pumps_pajaro_valley_water_mngmt_dist_usda_0.jpg?h=f4761ccc&itok=2VsuXLfR 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/water_pumps_pajaro_valley_water_mngmt_dist_usda_0.jpg?h=f4761ccc&itok=v0Hrjo73" width="1900" height="950" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead">Problem 8</div> <h2>Groundwater Recharge</h2> <p>Groundwater recharge has not sustained natural aquifers in CA. Quantities of water delivered for artificial recharge have been insufficient. Agencies and farmers lack understanding of how recharge operations may be suitable on their lands.</p> <p><em>photo: USDA/Pajaro Valley Water District</em></p> </div></article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=41&paragraph=421:changed=1730769784&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="x_SWvnr802AkSrjLjHXsWPYFrIgfVwvxFdkuXTQ7_aA" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><article class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/lake_eerie_hab_wide_oct_2011_noaa_great_lakes_environmental_research_laboratory_0.png.webp?h=5754333f&itok=NRw9asYv 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/lake_eerie_hab_wide_oct_2011_noaa_great_lakes_environmental_research_laboratory_0.png.webp?h=5754333f&itok=EiOPgdf4 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/lake_eerie_hab_wide_oct_2011_noaa_great_lakes_environmental_research_laboratory_0.png.webp?h=5754333f&itok=fXsUVKuQ 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/lake_eerie_hab_wide_oct_2011_noaa_great_lakes_environmental_research_laboratory_0.png.webp?h=5754333f&itok=EiOPgdf4 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/lake_eerie_hab_wide_oct_2011_noaa_great_lakes_environmental_research_laboratory_0.png.webp?h=5754333f&itok=fXsUVKuQ 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/lake_eerie_hab_wide_oct_2011_noaa_great_lakes_environmental_research_laboratory_0.png.webp?h=5754333f&itok=NRw9asYv 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/lake_eerie_hab_wide_oct_2011_noaa_great_lakes_environmental_research_laboratory_0.png.webp?h=5754333f&itok=8gC7ZKFt 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/lake_eerie_hab_wide_oct_2011_noaa_great_lakes_environmental_research_laboratory_0.png.webp?h=5754333f&itok=fXsUVKuQ 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/webp" width="478" height="239"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/lake_eerie_hab_wide_oct_2011_noaa_great_lakes_environmental_research_laboratory_0.png?h=5754333f&itok=NRw9asYv 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/lake_eerie_hab_wide_oct_2011_noaa_great_lakes_environmental_research_laboratory_0.png?h=5754333f&itok=EiOPgdf4 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/png" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/lake_eerie_hab_wide_oct_2011_noaa_great_lakes_environmental_research_laboratory_0.png?h=5754333f&itok=fXsUVKuQ 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/lake_eerie_hab_wide_oct_2011_noaa_great_lakes_environmental_research_laboratory_0.png?h=5754333f&itok=EiOPgdf4 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/png" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/lake_eerie_hab_wide_oct_2011_noaa_great_lakes_environmental_research_laboratory_0.png?h=5754333f&itok=fXsUVKuQ 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/lake_eerie_hab_wide_oct_2011_noaa_great_lakes_environmental_research_laboratory_0.png?h=5754333f&itok=NRw9asYv 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/lake_eerie_hab_wide_oct_2011_noaa_great_lakes_environmental_research_laboratory_0.png?h=5754333f&itok=8gC7ZKFt 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/lake_eerie_hab_wide_oct_2011_noaa_great_lakes_environmental_research_laboratory_0.png?h=5754333f&itok=fXsUVKuQ 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/png" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/lake_eerie_hab_wide_oct_2011_noaa_great_lakes_environmental_research_laboratory_0.png?h=5754333f&itok=EiOPgdf4" width="1900" height="950" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead">Problem 9</div> <h2>Water Contaminants</h2> <p>Excessive nutrient and pesticide runoff from agriculture and pollutants from other sources leads to contamination of rivers and aquifers, causing health risks for people. The nutrient loading also causes harmful algal blooms and hypoxia - a reduced concentration of dissolved oxygen that leaves marine ecosystems unable to support aquatic life (e.g., the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico).</p> <p><em>photo by NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory</em></p> </div></article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--sidebar"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=41&paragraph=256:changed=1730769784&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="VvprSryOF1oaizhcnVlIlQJJk5Ebmrp3D0A1UdOANYs" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><article class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/farm_soils_carbon_beth_reynolds_0.jpg.webp?h=f4761ccc&itok=yw7IOZ2C 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/farm_soils_carbon_beth_reynolds_0.jpg.webp?h=f4761ccc&itok=pgUASZI2 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/farm_soils_carbon_beth_reynolds_0.jpg.webp?h=f4761ccc&itok=kCoEzO7n 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/farm_soils_carbon_beth_reynolds_0.jpg.webp?h=f4761ccc&itok=pgUASZI2 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/farm_soils_carbon_beth_reynolds_0.jpg.webp?h=f4761ccc&itok=kCoEzO7n 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/farm_soils_carbon_beth_reynolds_0.jpg.webp?h=f4761ccc&itok=yw7IOZ2C 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/farm_soils_carbon_beth_reynolds_0.jpg.webp?h=f4761ccc&itok=0SdLYEz- 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/farm_soils_carbon_beth_reynolds_0.jpg.webp?h=f4761ccc&itok=kCoEzO7n 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/webp" width="478" height="239"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/farm_soils_carbon_beth_reynolds_0.jpg?h=f4761ccc&itok=yw7IOZ2C 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/farm_soils_carbon_beth_reynolds_0.jpg?h=f4761ccc&itok=pgUASZI2 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/farm_soils_carbon_beth_reynolds_0.jpg?h=f4761ccc&itok=kCoEzO7n 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/farm_soils_carbon_beth_reynolds_0.jpg?h=f4761ccc&itok=pgUASZI2 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/farm_soils_carbon_beth_reynolds_0.jpg?h=f4761ccc&itok=kCoEzO7n 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/farm_soils_carbon_beth_reynolds_0.jpg?h=f4761ccc&itok=yw7IOZ2C 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/farm_soils_carbon_beth_reynolds_0.jpg?h=f4761ccc&itok=0SdLYEz- 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/farm_soils_carbon_beth_reynolds_0.jpg?h=f4761ccc&itok=kCoEzO7n 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/farm_soils_carbon_beth_reynolds_0.jpg?h=f4761ccc&itok=pgUASZI2" width="1900" height="950" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead">Problem 10</div> <h2>Carbon Sequestration</h2> <p>Carbon has been difficult to precisely measure in soils, constraining land management optimization for carbon sequestration and inclusion in carbon crediting.</p> <p><em>photo: Beth Reynolds</em></p> </div></article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph-item ptype-stanford-layout"> <div class="ptype-stanford-layout paragraph paragraph--type--stanford-layout paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="layout layout--layout-paragraphs-three-column"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--sidebar"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=41&paragraph=376:changed=1730769784&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="GSfl0HNKlUv9dgbD-1zkBF835J7NhsvR6dOU9AXuwuY" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><article class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/electronic_device_for_bio_research_0.jpg.webp?h=da945698&itok=wV90eixT 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/electronic_device_for_bio_research_0.jpg.webp?h=da945698&itok=_Gb5o8DC 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/electronic_device_for_bio_research_0.jpg.webp?h=da945698&itok=tSLyCN-y 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/electronic_device_for_bio_research_0.jpg.webp?h=da945698&itok=_Gb5o8DC 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/electronic_device_for_bio_research_0.jpg.webp?h=da945698&itok=tSLyCN-y 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/electronic_device_for_bio_research_0.jpg.webp?h=da945698&itok=wV90eixT 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/electronic_device_for_bio_research_0.jpg.webp?h=da945698&itok=-8P7fn68 1x, 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srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/electronic_device_for_bio_research_0.jpg?h=da945698&itok=tSLyCN-y 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/electronic_device_for_bio_research_0.jpg?h=da945698&itok=wV90eixT 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/electronic_device_for_bio_research_0.jpg?h=da945698&itok=-8P7fn68 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/electronic_device_for_bio_research_0.jpg?h=da945698&itok=tSLyCN-y 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/electronic_device_for_bio_research_0.jpg?h=da945698&itok=_Gb5o8DC" width="1900" height="950" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead">Problem 11</div> <h2>Energy Use by Electronics</h2> <p>Energy consumption by electronics is growing. Significant power is used by devices when idle or not in use. For some devices this can be over 50% of its energy usage. Public policies and regulations continue to struggle addressing this problem. Are there new device designs in the data center or in our everyday consumer devices that can address these issues?</p> </div></article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--main"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=41&paragraph=366:changed=1730769784&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="EDt66kmtUwbU58QFG8txLde-7wn0PnOAx8RQFru78G8" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><article class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/hoover_dam_0.jpg.webp?h=5f62bdfc&itok=kunkAI7Z 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/hoover_dam_0.jpg.webp?h=5f62bdfc&itok=vvjeSM6J 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/hoover_dam_0.jpg.webp?h=5f62bdfc&itok=lwVv-Mio 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/hoover_dam_0.jpg.webp?h=5f62bdfc&itok=vvjeSM6J 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/hoover_dam_0.jpg.webp?h=5f62bdfc&itok=lwVv-Mio 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/hoover_dam_0.jpg.webp?h=5f62bdfc&itok=kunkAI7Z 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/hoover_dam_0.jpg.webp?h=5f62bdfc&itok=nBrqhseR 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/hoover_dam_0.jpg.webp?h=5f62bdfc&itok=lwVv-Mio 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/webp" width="478" height="239"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/hoover_dam_0.jpg?h=5f62bdfc&itok=kunkAI7Z 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/hoover_dam_0.jpg?h=5f62bdfc&itok=vvjeSM6J 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/hoover_dam_0.jpg?h=5f62bdfc&itok=lwVv-Mio 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/hoover_dam_0.jpg?h=5f62bdfc&itok=vvjeSM6J 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/hoover_dam_0.jpg?h=5f62bdfc&itok=lwVv-Mio 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/hoover_dam_0.jpg?h=5f62bdfc&itok=kunkAI7Z 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/hoover_dam_0.jpg?h=5f62bdfc&itok=nBrqhseR 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/hoover_dam_0.jpg?h=5f62bdfc&itok=lwVv-Mio 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/hoover_dam_0.jpg?h=5f62bdfc&itok=vvjeSM6J" width="1900" height="950" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead">Problem 12</div> <h2>Maximizing Hydroelectric Dams</h2> <p>Hydroelectric power production does not always match the highest time of day demand and value for electricity, and dam operations are often not co-optimized with other environmental services.</p> </div></article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--sidebar"> <div class="ptype-stanford-card"> <div class="ds-entity--paragraph ds-entity--stanford-card"> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=41&paragraph=381:changed=1730769784&ds_bundle=stanford_card&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="5fsYRcwne7jzSv4z73aLNNhJIUbymwS31wOvd1yFaTs" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div><article class="su-card "> <div class="media-entity-wrapper image"> <div class="media image field-media-image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/chicago_franck_michel_0.jpg.webp?h=c2a8ae9c&itok=3fte3NrC 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/chicago_franck_michel_0.jpg.webp?h=c2a8ae9c&itok=_lmY4Stc 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/chicago_franck_michel_0.jpg.webp?h=c2a8ae9c&itok=MiSbj3Nu 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/chicago_franck_michel_0.jpg.webp?h=c2a8ae9c&itok=_lmY4Stc 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/chicago_franck_michel_0.jpg.webp?h=c2a8ae9c&itok=MiSbj3Nu 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/chicago_franck_michel_0.jpg.webp?h=c2a8ae9c&itok=3fte3NrC 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/chicago_franck_michel_0.jpg.webp?h=c2a8ae9c&itok=-t9qS5wJ 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/chicago_franck_michel_0.jpg.webp?h=c2a8ae9c&itok=MiSbj3Nu 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/webp" width="478" height="239"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/chicago_franck_michel_0.jpg?h=c2a8ae9c&itok=3fte3NrC 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/chicago_franck_michel_0.jpg?h=c2a8ae9c&itok=_lmY4Stc 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1192" height="596"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/chicago_franck_michel_0.jpg?h=c2a8ae9c&itok=MiSbj3Nu 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/chicago_franck_michel_0.jpg?h=c2a8ae9c&itok=_lmY4Stc 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/chicago_franck_michel_0.jpg?h=c2a8ae9c&itok=MiSbj3Nu 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1192x596/public/media/image/chicago_franck_michel_0.jpg?h=c2a8ae9c&itok=3fte3NrC 2x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="956" height="478"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_478x239/public/media/image/chicago_franck_michel_0.jpg?h=c2a8ae9c&itok=-t9qS5wJ 1x, /sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_956x478/public/media/image/chicago_franck_michel_0.jpg?h=c2a8ae9c&itok=MiSbj3Nu 2x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="478" height="239"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/g/files/sbiybj22706/files/styles/card_1900x950/public/media/image/chicago_franck_michel_0.jpg?h=c2a8ae9c&itok=_lmY4Stc" width="1900" height="950" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="su-card__contents"> <div class="su-card__superhead">Problem 13</div> <h2>Smart Cities</h2> <p>5G is envisioned to create smart cities which could be used to signicantly reduce emissions. Yet, no clear winning technology has jumped to the forefront that really has the potential for great impact.</p> <p><em>photo: Franck Michel</em></p> </div></article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.content --></section><!-- /.node as page --> </div> <button id="back-to-top"> <span class="fas fa-chevron-up"></span> Back to Top </button> </main> <footer id="footer"> <div class="su-global-footer "> <div class="su-global-footer__container"> <div class="su-global-footer__brand"> <a id="su-logo" class="su-logo " aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.stanford.edu">Stanford<br>University<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a> </div> <div class="su-global-footer__content"> <nav aria-label="global footer menu"> <ul class="su-global-footer__menu su-global-footer__menu--global"> <li><a href="https://www.stanford.edu" rel="nofollow">Stanford Home<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a></li> <li><a href="https://visit.stanford.edu/basics/" rel="nofollow">Maps & Directions<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a></li> <li><a href="https://www.stanford.edu/search/" rel="nofollow">Search Stanford<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a></li> <li><a href="https://emergency.stanford.edu" rel="nofollow">Emergency Info<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul class="su-global-footer__menu su-global-footer__menu--policy"> <li><a href="https://www.stanford.edu/site/terms/" rel="nofollow" title="Terms of use for sites">Terms of Use<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a></li> <li><a href="https://www.stanford.edu/site/privacy/" rel="nofollow" title="Privacy and cookie policy">Privacy<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a></li> <li><a href="https://uit.stanford.edu/security/copyright-infringement" rel="nofollow" title="Report alleged copyright infringement">Copyright<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a></li> <li><a href="https://adminguide.stanford.edu/chapter-1/subchapter-5/policy-1-5-4" rel="nofollow" title="Ownership and use of Stanford trademarks and images">Trademarks<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a></li> <li><a href="https://non-discrimination.stanford.edu/" rel="nofollow" title="Non-discrimination policy">Non-Discrimination<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a></li> <li><a href="https://www.stanford.edu/site/accessibility" rel="nofollow" title="Report web accessibility issues">Accessibility<span class="su-global-footer__link-a11y"> (link is external)</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="su-global-footer__copyright"> <span>© Stanford University.</span> <span> Stanford, California 94305.</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- su-global-footer end --> </footer> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/41","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":false,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"su-link su-link--external","extLabel":" (link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":false,"extExclude":"","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":".localist-widget, #lclst_widget_footer, .oembed-lazyload__button","extCssExplicit":"#page-content, .su-local-footer","extAlert":false,"extAlertText":"This link will take you to an external web site. 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