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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sider for utlogga bidragsytarar <a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Introduksjon" aria-label="Lær meir om redigering"><span>lær meir</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bidraga_mine" title="Liste over endringar gjorde frå denne IP-adressa [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Diskusjonssida_mi" title="Diskusjon om endringar gjorde av denne ip-adressa [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettstad"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhald" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhald</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjinga</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Namn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Namn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skildring_av_byen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skildring_av_byen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Skildring av byen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skildring_av_byen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folkesetnad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folkesetnad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Folkesetnad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folkesetnad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kultur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kultur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istanbul_i_litteraturen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istanbul_i_litteraturen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Istanbul i litteraturen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istanbul_i_litteraturen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrasjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrasjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Administrasjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrasjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distriktskommunar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distriktskommunar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Distriktskommunar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distriktskommunar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Klima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kjelder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kjelder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Kjelder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kjelder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunnsstoff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bakgrunnsstoff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhald" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innhaldsliste" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innhaldslista" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innhaldslista</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Istanbul</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til ein artikkel på eit anna språk. Tilgjengeleg på 225 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-225" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">225 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – norsk bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norsk bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89seutamu" title="Éseutamu – achinesisk" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Éseutamu" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="achinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Истамбыл – kabardisk" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Истамбыл" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Истамбыл – adygeisk" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Истамбыл" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygeisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanboel" title="Istanboel – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Istanboel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95%E1%89%A1%E1%88%8D" title="ኢስታንቡል – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኢስታንቡል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तानबुल – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="इस्तानबुल" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopolis" title="Constantinopolis – gammalengelsk" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Constantinopolis" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="gammalengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Сҭампыл – abkhasisk" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Сҭампыл" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhasisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="إسطنبول – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسطنبول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istambul" title="Istambul – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Istambul" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%9D%DC%A3%DC%9B%DC%A2%DC%92%DC%98%DC%A0_(%DC%A1%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%AC%DC%90)" title="ܐܝܣܛܢܒܘܠ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ) – arameisk" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܝܣܛܢܒܘܠ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC" title="Իսթանպուլ – vestarmensk" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Իսթանպուլ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="vestarmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanboul" title="Istanboul – arpitansk" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Istanboul" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="arpitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2" title="ইষ্টানবুল – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইষ্টানবুল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambul" title="Estambul – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estambul" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तानबुल – avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="इस्तानबुल" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambul" title="Estambul – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Estambul" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – avarisk" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="ایستانبول – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایستانبول" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – balinesisk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2" title="ইস্তাম্বুল – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইস্তাম্বুল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तांबुल – bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इस्तांबुल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – burjatisk" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – tsjuvansk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambul" title="Estambul – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Estambul" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="إسطنبول – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إسطنبول" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – nordsamisk" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="betre artikkel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%82ch%CA%BC%C4%AF%CA%BC_N%C3%A1%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%A1h%C3%A1" title="Ałchʼįʼ Nááʼáhá – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ałchʼįʼ Nááʼáhá" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – lågsorbisk" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lågsorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तानबुल – doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="इस्तानबुल" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%89%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Κωνσταντινούπολη – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κωνσταντινούπολη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Стамбул ош – erzia" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Стамбул ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambul" title="Estambul – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estambul" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbulo" title="Istanbulo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Istanbulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambul" title="Estambul – ekstremaduransk" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Estambul" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="ekstremaduransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استانبول – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استانبول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanb%C3%BBl" title="Istanbûl – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Istanbûl" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – friulisk" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iostanb%C3%BAl" title="Iostanbúl – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iostanbúl" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – gagausisk" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagausisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – skotsk-gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk-gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istambul" title="Istambul – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Istambul" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Истмале – ingusjisk" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Истмале" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingusjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE" title="伊斯坦布爾 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="伊斯坦布爾" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8A%D9%84" title="ايستامبۊل – gileki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ايستامبۊل" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gileki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BB" title="𐌺𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌿𐍀𐌰𐌿𐌻 – gotisk" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌿𐍀𐌰𐌿𐌻" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84%EB%B6%88" title="이스탄불 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이스탄불" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC" title="Ստամբուլ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ստամբուլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तांबुल – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इस्तांबुल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – høgsorbisk" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="høgsorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanb%C3%BAl" title="Istanbúl – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Istanbúl" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C" title="איסטנבול – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איסטנבול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isitambuli" title="Isitambuli – kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Isitambuli" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇಸ್ತಾಂಬುಲ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಸ್ತಾಂಬುಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – karatsjaiisk-balkarsk" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatsjaiisk-balkarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სტამბოლი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სტამბოლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sztamb%C3%B9l" title="Sztambùl – kasjubisk" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Sztambùl" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasjubisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D2%B1%D0%BB" title="Ыстанбұл – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ыстанбұл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanboul" title="Istanboul – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Istanboul" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – franskguyansk kreol" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="franskguyansk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stembol" title="Stembol – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Stembol" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – vestmarisk" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="vestmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – ladinsk" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estambol" title="Estambol – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Estambol" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истамбул – lakisk" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Истамбул" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="lakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinopolis" title="Constantinopolis – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Constantinopolis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambula" title="Stambula – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Stambula" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истамбул – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Истамбул" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambulas" title="Stambulas – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Stambulas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanboel" title="Istanboel – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Istanboel" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – livvisk" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="livvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isztambul" title="Isztambul – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Isztambul" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तानबुल – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="इस्तानबुल" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – madagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="madagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BE" title="ഇസ്താംബുൾ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇസ്താംബുൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – maltesisk" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C4%81nipuru" title="Itānipuru – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Itānipuru" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तंबूल – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इस्तंबूल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სტამბოლი – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სტამბოლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استانبول – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="استانبول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استامبول – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="استامبول" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="အစ်စတန်ဘူလ်မြို့ – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အစ်စတန်ဘူလ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – fijiansk" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanboel" title="Istanboel – lågsaksisk" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Istanboel" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lågsaksisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तानबुल – nepalsk" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इस्तानबुल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="इस्तान्बुल – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इस्तान्बुल" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="イスタンブール – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イスタンブール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истамбул – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Истамбул" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coustantinobles" title="Coustantinobles – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Coustantinobles" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istambol" title="Istambol – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Istambol" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – austmarisk" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="austmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2" title="ਇਸਤਾਨਬੁਲ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਸਤਾਨਬੁਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استنبول – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="استنبول" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استنبول – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="استنبول" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – jamaicansk kreolengelsk" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaicansk kreolengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istamboul" title="Istamboul – pikardisk" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Istamboul" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – lågtysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambu%C5%82" title="Stambuł – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stambuł" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istambul" title="Istambul – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Istambul" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – karakalpakisk" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – krimtatarisk" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – valakisk romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="valakisk romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – retoromansk" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoromansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanpul" title="Istanpul – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Istanpul" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Істанбул – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Істанбул" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – sardinsk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambolli" title="Stambolli – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Stambolli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="ඉස්තාන්බුල් – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉස්තාන්බුල්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استنبول – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="استنبول" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carigrad" title="Carigrad – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Carigrad" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8A" title="Царь Градъ – kyrkjeslavisk" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Царь Градъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="kyrkjeslavisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambu%C5%82" title="Stambuł – schlesisk" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Stambuł" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="schlesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbuul" title="Istanbuul – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Istanbuul" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%B5" title="ئەستەمبوڵ – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەستەمبوڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="இசுதான்புல் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசுதான்புல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istambul" title="Istambul – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Istambul" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – tarantinsk" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="tarantinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇస్తాంబుల్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇస్తాంబుల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5" title="อิสตันบูล – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิสตันบูล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambul" title="Stambul – turkmensk" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Stambul" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itambut" title="Itambut – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Itambut" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Истанбул – tuvinisk" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Истанбул" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Стамбул – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стамбул" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="استنبول – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="استنبول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%DB%87%D9%84" title="ئىستانبۇل – uigurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىستانبۇل" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – venetiansk" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambul" title="Stambul – vepsisk" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Stambul" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="İstanbul" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – sørestisk" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="sørestisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE" title="伊斯坦布爾 – klassisk kinesisk" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="伊斯坦布爾" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassisk kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – vestflamsk" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vestflamsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94" title="伊斯坦布尔 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊斯坦布尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C" title="סטאמבול – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סטאמבול" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%A0%A1" title="伊斯坦堡 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊斯坦堡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estamol" title="Estamol – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Estamol" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambols" title="Stambols – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Stambols" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%A0%A1" title="伊斯坦堡 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊斯坦堡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – sentraldusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="sentraldusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul – talysj" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Istanbul" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%9F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8D" title="ⵉⵙⵟⴰⵏⴱⵓⵍ – standard marokkansk tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⵙⵟⴰⵏⴱⵓⵍ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="standard marokkansk tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q406#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Endra mellomspråklege lenkjer" class="wbc-editpage">Endra lenkjer</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Vis innhaldssida [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Istanbul" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innhaldssida [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Endre språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk nynorsk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istanbul"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit" title="Endre sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Endre</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit" title="Endre kjeldekoden til sida [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Endre wikiteksten</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=history" title="Eldre versjonar av sida [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Sjå historikken</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlingar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istanbul"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit" title="Endre sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Endre</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit" title="Endre kjeldekoden til sida [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Endre wikiteksten</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=history"><span>Sjå historikken</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ålment </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenkjer_hit/Istanbul" title="Liste over alle wikisidene som har lenkjer hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenkjer hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringar/Istanbul" rel="nofollow" title="Nylege endringar på sider denne sida lenkjar til [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringar</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nn" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&oldid=3583927" title="Fast lenkje til denne versjonen av sida"><span>Fast lenkje</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=info" title="Meir informasjon om sida"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siter&page=Istanbul&id=3583927&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om korleis ein siterer denne sida"><span>Siter denne sida</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIstanbul"><span>Hent kort URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIstanbul"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Istanbul"><span>Opprett ei bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Istanbul&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsversjon av sida [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsversjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div 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style="text-align: center; color:black; background-color: #dfdfdf;">by </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 0.5em;"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Istanbul_Montage_2016.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Istanbul_Montage_2016.png/220px-Istanbul_Montage_2016.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Istanbul_Montage_2016.png/330px-Istanbul_Montage_2016.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Istanbul_Montage_2016.png/440px-Istanbul_Montage_2016.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Land"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Land </th> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia">Tyrkia</a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Regionar der staden ligg"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Regionar_i_Tyrkia" title="Regionar i Tyrkia">Region</a> </th> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marmararegionen" title="Marmararegionen">Marmararegionen</a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Distrikt der staden ligg"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Provinsar_i_Tyrkia" title="Provinsar i Tyrkia">Provins</a> </th> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provinsen_Istanbul" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsen Istanbul">Istanbul</a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Areal"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Areal </th> <td>5 343 <a href="/wiki/Kvadratkilometer" title="Kvadratkilometer">km²</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Totalt folketal"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Folketal </th> <td> 15 655 924 <span style="font-size:85%">(2023)</span><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-9df1c98a66d3db39f21dd96879d0c08cd6ce9e5c-v4_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-9df1c98a66d3db39f21dd96879d0c08cd6ce9e5c-v4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Grunnleggingsdato"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Grunnlagd </th> <td>  </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Grunnleggingsdato 1"> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"> •  <a href="/wiki/Byzantium" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantium">Byzantium</a> </td> <td>ca. 660 fvt. </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Grunnleggingsdato 2"> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"> •  <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel">Konstantinopel</a> </td> <td>330 evt. </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Grunnleggingsdato 3"> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"> •  Istanbul </td> <td>1930 (offisielt) </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="borgarmeister av busetnaden"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Borgarmeister </th> <td>Ekrem İmamoğlu </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow" title="Tidssone"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Tidssone </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a>) </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Sommartid"> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"> •  Sommartid </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_European_Summer_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern European Summer Time (sida finst ikkje)">EEST</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a>) </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Postnummer"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Postnummer </th> <td>34000–34850 </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow" title="Retningsnummer"> <th style="white-space: nowrap;">Retningsnummer </th> <td>(+90) 212 (europeisk side) <br /> (+90) 216 (asiatisk side) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 290px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="290" data-zoom="5" data-lat="41.01" data-lon="28.960277777778" data-lang="local" data-overlays="["_858a8cb65339644140357e06801e18092566df95"]" href="/wiki/Spesial:Map/5/41.01/28.960277777778"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,41.01,28.960277777778,290x290.png?lang=local&domain=nn.wikipedia.org&title=Istanbul&revid=3583927&groups=_858a8cb65339644140357e06801e18092566df95" width="290" height="290" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,41.01,28.960277777778,290x290@2x.png?lang=local&domain=nn.wikipedia.org&title=Istanbul&revid=3583927&groups=_858a8cb65339644140357e06801e18092566df95 2x" alt="Kart" /></a><br />Istanbul<br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3539874">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Istanbul&params=41.01_N_28.960277777778_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°00′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">28°57′37″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.01°N 28.960277777778°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.01; 28.960277777778</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr title="Wikimedia Commons har media knytt til İstanbul"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><b>Wikimedia Commons: </b> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Istanbul" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Istanbul">Istanbul</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg/220px-Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg/330px-Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg/440px-Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1163" /></a><figcaption>Satellittfoto av Istanbul.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Istanbul2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Istanbul2010.jpg/220px-Istanbul2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Istanbul2010.jpg/330px-Istanbul2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Istanbul2010.jpg/440px-Istanbul2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galata (sida finst ikkje)">Galata</a> (framgrunnen) og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarayburnu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarayburnu (sida finst ikkje)">Sarayburnu</a> (bakgrunnen) heilt aust på eine halvøya i Istanbul. <a href="/wiki/Prinse%C3%B8yane" title="Prinseøyane">Prinseøyane</a> ligg i horisonten til venstre. <div style="font-size:85%">Foto: Selda Yildiz & Erol Gülsen</div> </figcaption></figure> <p><b>Istanbul</b> (<b>İstanbul</b>) er den største <a href="/wiki/By" title="By">byen</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia">Tyrkia</a>, med kring 13 millionar innbyggjarar og er det økonomiske, kulturelle og historiske hjartet i landet. Byen er det nest største storbyområdet i Europa og av dei største byane i verda.<sup id="cite_ref-tuik_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tuik-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unpop_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unpop-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mocljo145_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mocljo145-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Byen dekkjer eit stort område på 5 343 <a href="/wiki/Kvadratkilometer" title="Kvadratkilometer">km²</a>, som samsvarar med <a href="/wiki/Provinsen_Istanbul" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsen Istanbul">provinsen Istanbul</a>, som byen er setet for. Byen ligg på begge sider av <a href="/wiki/Bosporos" title="Bosporos">Bosporos</a>, eit av dei travlaste sunda i verda, nordvest i Tyrkia, mellom <a href="/wiki/Marmarahavet" title="Marmarahavet">Marmarahavet</a> og <a href="/wiki/Svartehavet" title="Svartehavet">Svartehavet</a>, og er slik ein interkontinental by. Handelssenteret og det historiske senteret i byen ligg i Europa, medan ein tredjedel av innbyggjarane bur på den asiatiske sida.<sup id="cite_ref-wctr281_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wctr281-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Byen vart grunnlagd på neset <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarayburnu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarayburnu (sida finst ikkje)">Sarayburnu</a> kring 660 fvt. som <a href="/wiki/Byzantium" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantium">Byzantium</a>, og byen som no er kjend som Istanbul utvikla seg til å verte ein av dei viktigaste gjennom historia. I nesten 1500 år etter at han vart grunnlagd på ny som <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel">Konstantinopel</a> i 330 evt, har han vore hovudstad for fire imperium - <a href="/wiki/Romarriket" title="Romarriket">Romarriket</a> (330–395), <a href="/wiki/Austromarriket" title="Austromarriket">Austromarriket</a> (395–1204 og 1261–1453), <a href="/wiki/Det_latinske_riket" title="Det latinske riket">Det latinske riket</a> (1204–1261), og <a href="/wiki/Det_osmanske_riket" title="Det osmanske riket">Det osmanske riket</a> (1453–1922).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Byen var medverkande til at kristendomen steig fram under romar- og austromartida, før osmanane <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fallet_til_Konstantinopel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fallet til Konstantinopel (sida finst ikkje)">erobra byen</a> i 1453 og omgjorde han til ein islamsk skanse og setet for det <a href="/wiki/Det_osmanske_kalifatet" title="Det osmanske kalifatet">siste kalifatet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-maag1145_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maag1145-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sjølv om Republikken Tyrkia la hovudstaden sin til <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> er den tidlegare sentrale rolla til Istanbul framleis godt synleg gjennom byen med palass og store moskear langs åsane. </p><p>Den strategiske plasseringa til Istanbul langs den historiske <a href="/wiki/Silkevegen" title="Silkevegen">Silkevegen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> med jernbanenettverk til Europa og Midtausten, og den einaste sjøvegen mellom Svartehavet og <a href="/wiki/Middelhavet" title="Middelhavet">Middelhavet</a>, har medverka til at det utvikla seg ein mangfaldig folkesetnad i byen. Innbyggjartalet i byen har tidobla seg sidan 1950-åra etter at innflyttarar frå heile <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> har samla seg i i og kring byen.<sup id="cite_ref-tu224_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tu224-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ecoc-popdem_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecoc-popdem-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sju millionar utanlandske turistar vitja Istanbul i 2010, som vart kåra til <a href="/wiki/Europeisk_kulturhovudstad" title="Europeisk kulturhovudstad">europeisk kulturhovudstad</a> det året. Dette gjorde byen til det tiande mest populære turistmålet i verda.<sup id="cite_ref-weiner_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weiner-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det største turistmålet i byen er framleis det historiske sentrumet, som delvis ligg på <a href="/wiki/Verdsarv" title="Verdsarv">verdsarvlista</a> til UNESCO, men ein finn kultur- og underhaldningssenter ander stader i byen som den naturlege hamna, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_gyldne_hornet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Det gyldne hornet (sida finst ikkje)">Det gylne hornet</a>, i bydelen <a href="/wiki/Beyo%C4%9Flu" title="Beyoğlu">Beyoğlu</a>. Han vert rekna som ein <a href="/w/index.php?title=Global_by&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Global by (sida finst ikkje)">global by</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og fleire tyrkiske føretak har hovudkvartera sine her og står for meir enn ein fjerdedel av <a href="/wiki/Bruttonasjonalprodukt" title="Bruttonasjonalprodukt">bruttonasjonalproduktet</a> i landet.<sup id="cite_ref-oecd_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oecd-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Istanbul håpar å utnytte denne revitaliseringa og snøgge utvidinga han har opplevd og har levert søknad som vertskapsby for <a href="/wiki/Sommar-OL_2020" title="Sommar-OL 2020">sommar-OL 2020</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-olympic.org_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-olympic.org-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I dag bur det flest <a href="/wiki/Muslimar" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslimar">muslimar</a> her, men byen er òg sete for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_ortodokse_kyrkja_i_Konstantinopel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Den ortodokse kyrkja i Konstantinopel (sida finst ikkje)">Den ortodokse kyrkja i Konstantinopel</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Namn">Namn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Endre bolk: Namn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Namn"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Namnet «Istanbul» kjem frå gresk «εις την Πόλιν» eller «στην Πόλη» [(i)stimboli(n)], som tyder 'til/i byen'. </p><p>Av <a href="/wiki/Vikingane" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikingane">vikingane</a> vart byen kalla <a href="/wiki/Miklagard" title="Miklagard">Miklagard</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skildring_av_byen">Skildring av byen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Endre bolk: Skildring av byen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Skildring av byen"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I dag er Istanbul ein særs stor by med ein samanhengande folkesetnad som strekkjer seg i eit 10–20 km breitt og 60–70 km langt belte langs nordkysten av <a href="/wiki/Marmarahavet" title="Marmarahavet">Marmarahavet</a>, med omtrent same utbreiing på kvar side av <a href="/wiki/Bosporos" title="Bosporos">Bosporos</a>. Busetnaden strekkjer seg òg nordover på båe sidene av Bosporos nesten til <a href="/wiki/Svartehavet" title="Svartehavet">Svartehavet</a>. </p><p>Det sentrale og historiske Istanbul omfattar Stambul mellom Marmarahavet og Det gylne horn (kommunen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatih (sida finst ikkje)">Fatih</a>) og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galata (sida finst ikkje)">Galata</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pera (sida finst ikkje)">Pera</a> (Beyoğlu) på nordsida av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_gylne_horn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Det gylne horn (sida finst ikkje)">Det gylne horn</a>. Til det historiske Istanbul kan ein òg rekne med byane <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Üsküdar (sida finst ikkje)">Üsküdar</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kad%C4%B1k%C3%B6y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadıköy (sida finst ikkje)">Kadıköy</a> på den asiatiske sida. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:IstanbulHaghiaSofia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/IstanbulHaghiaSofia.jpg/250px-IstanbulHaghiaSofia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/IstanbulHaghiaSofia.jpg/330px-IstanbulHaghiaSofia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/IstanbulHaghiaSofia.jpg/500px-IstanbulHaghiaSofia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1227" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sofia" title="Hagia Sofia">Hagia Sofia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Folkesetnad">Folkesetnad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Endre bolk: Folkesetnad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Folkesetnad"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I 2010 hadde Stor-Istanbul 13,3 millionar innbyggjarar, 65% bur i på den europeiske sida og 35% på den asiatiske. Det kjem heile tida innflyttarar frå andre delar av landet til Istanbul. Veksten er på over 3% kvart år, og han er over landssnittet. </p><p>I motsetnad til dei fleste byane i Vest-Europa er den minst velståande delen av folket busett i dei sentrale bydelane, medan folk i dei moderne forstadene etter måten er frå betre stilte sosiale grupper. Det finst likevel mange forstader der folk har låg snittsinntekt, som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaziosmanpa%C5%9Fa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaziosmanpaşa (sida finst ikkje)">Gaziosmanpaşa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esenler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esenler (sida finst ikkje)">Esenler</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCng%C3%B6ren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Güngören (sida finst ikkje)">Güngören</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cmraniye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ümraniye (sida finst ikkje)">Ümraniye</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beykoz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beykoz (sida finst ikkje)">Beykoz</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultur">Kultur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Endre bolk: Kultur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kultur"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I dag har Istanbul eit pulserande liv, og her møtest aust og vest. Eit kjent kulturminne er <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sofia" title="Hagia Sofia">Hagia Sofia</a>, som no er eit museum, men som før har vore kyrkje og moské. Frå den bysantiske tida finst mange andre kyrkjer som er godt haldne ved like. Ein stor del av utviklinga av bysantinsk arkitektur og bysantinsk kunst har gått føre seg her. Dei fleste har vore eller er moskear. Byen har òg mange kjende moskear som er bygde etter erobringa åt tyrkarane. Mest kjend er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_bl%C3%A5_mosk%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Den blå moské (sida finst ikkje)">Den blå moské</a> (Sultanahmet Camii), som er dekt innvendig med tyrkiske fliser i fine mønster og som har seks minaretar. </p><p>Byen har vore sete for både keisarar og sultanar. Under arkeologiske utgravingar på 1930-talet oppdaga ein det som må ha vore keisarpalasset eller Det Store Palasset. Her er det eit unikt profant mosaikkgolv med pastorale scener og dyrescener. Golvet har vore vanskeleg å tidfeste, men ein reknar med at det er laga ein eller annan gong på 600-talet. </p><p>Topkapıpalasset der sultanen budde og hadde haremet sitt er betre kjent. </p><p>Byen er òg kjend for den store basaren der ein kan kjøpe teppe, gull og det ein elles ynskjer seg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istanbul_i_litteraturen">Istanbul i litteraturen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Endre bolk: Istanbul i litteraturen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Istanbul i litteraturen"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mange kjende personar har budd delar av sitt liv i Istanbul, m.a. <a href="/wiki/Agatha_Christie" title="Agatha Christie">Agatha Christie</a>. Delar av filmen <i>Mordet på orientekspressen</i> vart filma på togstasjonen der. </p><p>Den mest kjende nolevande forfattaren i <a href="/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia">Tyrkia</a>, Nobelprisvinnaren <a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a>, fødd i 1952, har skildra heimbyen sin Istanbul i fleire bøker. Gjennombrotsromanen <i>Lys og mørke</i> frå 1979 er forteljinga om tre generasjonar i ein rik familie som budde i det stroket i byen der Pamuk sjølv voks opp. Romanen kom i ny utgåve i 1982 under tittelen <i>Cerdet Bey og hans sønner</i>. <i>Mitt navn er Karmosin</i> frå 2000, på norsk i 2003, gjorde han for alvor kjend for eit internasjonalt publikum. Handlinga er lagt til Istanbul vinteren 1591, i Sultan <a href="/wiki/Murat_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Murat III">Murat III</a> si regjeringstid. I 2006 kom den eigne, delvis sjølvbiografiske, forteljinga hans om byen, <i>Istanbul: byen og minnene</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Endre bolk: Transport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Transport"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Konstantinopel fekk tidleg eit godt utbygd nett med trikkeliner. Utover på 1900-talet vart nok trikken oversett, og kollektivtransporten gjekk meir og meir over på buss. Frå 1990-talet har aukande problem med trafikkavviklinga tvinga fram ei satsing på skjenegåande kollektivtransport, og Istanbul er i dag i ferd med å byggje opp eit moderne nett av metro-, light rail- og trikkeliner. </p><p>Båt har til alle tider vore eit viktig transportmiddel mellom dei ymse bydelane og mellom Istanbul og grannebyane. To vegbruer over Bosporos har redusert båttrafikkmengda, og han er venta å gå ytterlegare ned når den nye togtunnelen under Bosporos, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmaray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marmaray (sida finst ikkje)">Marmaray</a>, opnar 18. juni 2015. I 2011 vart det vedteke å byggje ei tredje bru som vil vere ein del av ein 414 km ny motorveg som skal gå frå <a href="/wiki/Tekirda%C4%9F" title="Tekirdağ">Tekirdağ</a> i vest til <a href="/wiki/Adapazar%C4%B1" title="Adapazarı">Adapazarı</a> i aust. Brua skal òg få jarnbaneskjener. Det skal òg bli bygd ei bru aust for byen der İznik-bukta er på det smalaste. Ho vil bli den nest lengste hengebrua i verda med eit hovudspenn 1700 meter. Totallengda vil verte 3000 meter og brua skal stå ferdig i 2017. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrasjon">Administrasjon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Endre bolk: Administrasjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Administrasjon"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Administrasjonen er bygd på to nivå. Det øvste nivået er ein storbykommune - Istanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi (IBB) - som dekkjer eit område på 1830 km² mellom <a href="/wiki/Marmarahavet" title="Marmarahavet">Marmarahavet</a> og <a href="/wiki/Svartehavet" title="Svartehavet">Svartehavet</a> i ei breidd på ca. 30 km på kvar side av Bosporos. Under storbykommunen er det 27 distriktskommunar. Det er direkte val til kommunestyra kvart femte år. 1/5 av representantane i distriktskommunestyra tek sete i rådet i storbykommunen, som er det høgaste organet i denne storkommunen. Ein eksekutivkomité tek hand om den daglege styringa av storkommunen. </p><p>Borgarmeistaren i storkommunen har etter 2004 vore Kadir Topbaş frå partiet AKP. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distriktskommunar">Distriktskommunar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Endre bolk: Distriktskommunar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Distriktskommunar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <p><b>Europeisk del</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avc%C4%B1lar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avcılar (sida finst ikkje)">Avcılar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk%C3%A7ekmece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Küçükçekmece (sida finst ikkje)">Küçükçekmece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bak%C4%B1rk%C3%B6y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakırköy (sida finst ikkje)">Bakırköy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bah%C3%A7elievler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahçelievler (sida finst ikkje)">Bahçelievler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%C4%9Fc%C4%B1lar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bağcılar (sida finst ikkje)">Bağcılar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCng%C3%B6ren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Güngören (sida finst ikkje)">Güngören</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esenler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esenler (sida finst ikkje)">Esenler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayrampa%C5%9Fa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayrampaşa (sida finst ikkje)">Bayrampaşa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeytinburnu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeytinburnu (sida finst ikkje)">Zeytinburnu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatih (sida finst ikkje)">Fatih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyo%C4%9Flu" title="Beyoğlu">Beyoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beşiktaş (sida finst ikkje)">Beşiktaş</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Ei%C5%9Fli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şişli (sida finst ikkje)">Şişli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka%C4%9F%C4%B1thane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kağıthane (sida finst ikkje)">Kağıthane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sar%C4%B1yer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarıyer (sida finst ikkje)">Sarıyer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaziosmanpa%C5%9Fa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaziosmanpaşa (sida finst ikkje)">Gaziosmanpaşa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ey%C3%BCp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eyüp (sida finst ikkje)">Eyüp</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><b>Asiatisk del</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Üsküdar (sida finst ikkje)">Üsküdar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beykoz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beykoz (sida finst ikkje)">Beykoz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kad%C4%B1k%C3%B6y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadıköy (sida finst ikkje)">Kadıköy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kartal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kartal (sida finst ikkje)">Kartal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendik (sida finst ikkje)">Pendik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuzla_i_Istanbul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuzla i Istanbul (sida finst ikkje)">Tuzla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cmraniye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ümraniye (sida finst ikkje)">Ümraniye</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adalar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adalar (sida finst ikkje)">Adalar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltepe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maltepe (sida finst ikkje)">Maltepe</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klima">Klima</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Endre bolk: Klima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Klima"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Fog-over-istanbul-skyscrapers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Fog-over-istanbul-skyscrapers.jpg/220px-Fog-over-istanbul-skyscrapers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Fog-over-istanbul-skyscrapers.jpg/330px-Fog-over-istanbul-skyscrapers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Fog-over-istanbul-skyscrapers.jpg/440px-Fog-over-istanbul-skyscrapers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>Morgontåke i forretningsstrøket <a href="/w/index.php?title=Levent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levent (sida finst ikkje)">Levent</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Istanbul har ei blanding mellom <a href="/wiki/Fuktig_subtropisk_klima" title="Fuktig subtropisk klima">fuktig subtropisk klima</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_si_klimaklassifisering" title="Köppen si klimaklassifisering">Köppen si klimaklassifisering</a>: <i>Cfa</i>) og <a href="/wiki/Middelhavsklima" title="Middelhavsklima">middelhavsklima</a> (Köppen si klimaklassifisering: <i>Csa</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Men sidan byen dekkjer eit så stort område med varierande topografi, har byen fleire <a href="/wiki/Mikroklima" title="Mikroklima">mikroklima</a>. Nord i Istanbul har <a href="/wiki/Maritimt_klima" title="Maritimt klima">maritimt klima</a> (Köppen si klimaklassifisering: <i>Cfb</i>) på grunn av råmen frå Svartehavet og etter måten mykje vegetasjon. Klimaet i dei meir folkerike områda lenger sør er varmare og mindre fuktig.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sumrane i Istanbul er varme med høgast temperatur i juli og august, i snitt 28 °C. Ekstrem varme er derimot sjeldan, og temperaturen stig berre over 32 °C i snitt fem gonger per år.<sup id="cite_ref-wbase_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wbase-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regnfall er heller uvanleg om sumaren, berre fire til fem regndagar per månad. Vintrane er kalde, våte og ofte med snø, og temperaturen i januar og februar er normalt kring 4 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-weather_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-weather-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Snøen fell ofte tungt når han kjem, men snødekket og temperaturar under null varer sjeldan meir enn få dagar. Våren og hausten er mild, men ofte våt med ustabilt vêr. Kjølige vindar frå nordvest og varme vindar frå sør, stundom i løpet av same dag, skapar temperatursvingingar.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Istanbul har alltid høg <a href="/wiki/Fukt" title="Fukt">fukt</a> og kan gjere sumarvarmen verre. Fukta når generelt 80 % om morgonen og skodde er vanleg, sjølv om ho som regel løyser seg opp i løpet av føremiddagen. Byen har tåke i snitt 228 dagar i året, og konsentrasjonen er høgast om vinteren. <a href="/wiki/Torev%C3%AAr" title="Torevêr">Torevêr</a> er uvanleg, og skjer berre i snitt 23 dagar kvart år, oftast om sumaren og tidleg på hausten.<sup id="cite_ref-wbase_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wbase-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Istanbul har i snitt 124 nedbørdagar og i snitt fell det 855 mm nedbør i året.<sup id="cite_ref-tsms_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsms-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Varmerekorden i byen er 40,5 °C og kulderekorden er -16,1 °C. Den største nedbørsmengda som er målt på ein dag er 227 mm, medan det største snøfallet er 80 cm.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:60%; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.1em; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Vêrdata for Istanbul </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">Mai </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Okt </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Des </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">År </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="height: 16px; text-align:left; color:#000000;">Gjennomsnittleg maks °C </th> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;">8,7 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;">9,1 </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;">11,2 </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;">16,5 </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;">21,4 </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;">26 </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;">28,4 </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;">28,5 </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;">25 </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;">20,1 </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;">15,3 </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;">11,1 </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">18,8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="height: 16px; text-align:left; color:#000000;">Døgnmiddeltemperatur °C </th> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;">5,8 </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;">6 </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;">7,6 </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;">12,1 </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;">16,7 </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;">21 </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;">23,5 </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;">23,6 </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;">20,3 </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;">16,1 </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;">11,9 </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;">8,2 </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">14,4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="height: 16px; text-align:left; color:#000000;">Gjennomsnittleg min °C </th> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;">2,9 </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;">2,8 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;">3,9 </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;">7,7 </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;">12 </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;">16 </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;">18,5 </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;">18,7 </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;">15,5 </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;">12 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;">8,5 </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;">5,3 </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">10,5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="height: 16px; text-align:left; color:#000000;">Gjennomsnittleg <a href="/wiki/Nedb%C3%B8r" title="Nedbør">nedbør</a> mm </th> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#FFFFFF;">100,9 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;">80,9 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;">69,6 </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;">45,4 </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;">35,5 </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;">37,5 </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;">39 </td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;">46,3 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;">62,9 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#FFFFFF;">100,7 </td> <td style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF;">108,6 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;">124,7 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">852 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="height: 16px; text-align:left; color:#000000;">Gns. dagar med regn </th> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;">17,7 </td> <td style="background: #2F2FFF; color:#FFFFFF;">15,3 </td> <td style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF;">13,6 </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000;">10,3 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;">7,8 </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;">5,3 </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;">3,6 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;">4 </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;">6,1 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;">10,3 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;">12,9 </td> <td style="background: #2E2EFF; color:#FFFFFF;">16,9 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">123,8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:88%;">Kjelde: <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a><sup id="cite_ref-wmo_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wmo-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_tyrkiske_statlege_meteorologitenesta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Den tyrkiske statlege meteorologitenesta (sida finst ikkje)">Den tyrkiske statlege meteorologitenesta</a> <small>(berre nedbørmengder, data frå 1970–2010)</small><sup id="cite_ref-tsms_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsms-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kjelder">Kjelder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Endre bolk: Kjelder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjelder"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ul><li><i>Delar av denne artikkelen bygger på «<a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" class="extiw" title="nb:Istanbul">Istanbul</a>» frå <a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovedside" class="extiw" title="nb:Hovedside">Wikipedia på bokmål</a>, den 22. januar 2012 og «<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" class="extiw" title="en:Istanbul">Istanbul</a>» frå <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="en:Main Page">Wikipedia på engelsk</a>, den 21. august 2012</i> <ul><li>Engelsk Wikipedia oppgav desse kjeldene:</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3318915">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-9df1c98a66d3db39f21dd96879d0c08cd6ce9e5c-v4-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-9df1c98a66d3db39f21dd96879d0c08cd6ce9e5c-v4_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-9df1c98a66d3db39f21dd96879d0c08cd6ce9e5c-v4_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-9df1c98a66d3db39f21dd96879d0c08cd6ce9e5c-v4_1-2">1,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-9df1c98a66d3db39f21dd96879d0c08cd6ce9e5c-v4_1-3">1,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari-2023-49684">https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari-2023-49684</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tuik-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-tuik_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006094859/http://rapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2&ENVID=adnksdb2Env&report=wa_buyukbelediye.RDF&p_kod=1&p_yil=2011&p_dil=1&desformat=html">«Province by Province / Town Center and Town / Village Population – 2011»</a>. <i>Address Population-Based Registration System (ABPRS) Database</i>. The Turkish Statistical Institute. 2011. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2&ENVID=adnksdb2Env&report=wa_buyukbelediye.RDF&p_kod=1&p_yil=2011&p_dil=1&desformat=html">originalen</a> 6. oktober 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 21. august 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AIstanbul&rft.atitle=Province+by+Province+%2F+Town+Center+and+Town+%2F+Village+Population+%93+2011&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Address+Population-Based+Registration+System+%28ABPRS%29+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frapor.tuik.gov.tr%2Freports%2Frwservlet%3Fadnksdb2%26ENVID%3Dadnksdb2Env%26report%3Dwa_buyukbelediye.RDF%26p_kod%3D1%26p_yil%3D2011%26p_dil%3D1%26desformat%3Dhtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unpop-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-unpop_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/CD-ROM/WUP2011-F11a-30_Largest_Cities.xls">«File 11a: The 30 Largest Urban Agglomerations Ranked by Population Size at Each Point in Time, 1950–2025»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(xls)</span>. <i>World Urbanization Prospects, the 2011 Revision</i>. The United Nations<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 21. august 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AIstanbul&rft.atitle=File+11a%3A+The+30+Largest+Urban+Agglomerations+Ranked+by+Population+Size+at+Each+Point+in+Time%2C+1950%932025&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Urbanization+Prospects%2C+the+2011+Revision&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesa.un.org%2Funpd%2Fwup%2FCD-ROM%2FWUP2011-F11a-30_Largest_Cities.xls&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mocljo145-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mocljo145_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMossbergerClarkeJohn2012">Mossberger, Clarke & John 2012</a>, p. 145<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMossbergerClarkeJohn2012 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Harv and Sfn template errors (sida finst ikkje)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wctr281-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wctr281_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWCTR_Society;_Unʼyu_Seisaku_Kenkyū_Kikō2004">WCTR Society; Unʼyu Seisaku Kenkyū Kikō 2004</a>, p. 281<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWCTR_Society;_Unʼyu_Seisaku_Kenkyū_Kikō2004 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Harv and Sfn template errors (sida finst ikkje)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFÇelik1993">Çelik 1993</a>, p. xv<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFÇelik1993 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Harv and Sfn template errors (sida finst ikkje)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maag1145-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-maag1145_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMastersÁgoston2009">Masters & Ágoston 2009</a>, pp. 114–5<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMastersÁgoston2009 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Harv and Sfn template errors (sida finst ikkje)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDumperStanley2007">Dumper & Stanley 2007</a>, p. 320<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDumperStanley2007 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Harv and Sfn template errors (sida finst ikkje)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tu224-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-tu224_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuran2010">Turan 2010</a>, p. 224<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTuran2010 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Harv and Sfn template errors (sida finst ikkje)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ecoc-popdem-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ecoc-popdem_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629080413/http://www.ibb.gov.tr/sites/ks/en-US/0-Exploring-The-City/Location/Pages/PopulationandDemographicStructure.aspx">«Population and Demographic Structure»</a>. <i>Istanbul 2010: European Capital of Culture</i>. Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. 2008. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibb.gov.tr/sites/ks/en-US/0-Exploring-The-City/Location/Pages/PopulationandDemographicStructure.aspx">originalen</a> 29. juni 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AIstanbul&rft.atitle=Population+and+Demographic+Structure&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Istanbul+2010%3A+European+Capital+of+Culture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibb.gov.tr%2Fsites%2Fks%2Fen-US%2F0-Exploring-The-City%2FLocation%2FPages%2FPopulationandDemographicStructure.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-weiner-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-weiner_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Weiner, Miriam B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travel.usnews.com/features/Worlds_Most_Visited_Cities">«World's Most Visited Cities»</a>. <i>U.S. News & World Report</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 21. august 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AIstanbul&rft.atitle=World%27s+Most+Visited+Cities&rft.aufirst=Miriam+B&rft.aulast=Weiner&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftravel.usnews.com%2Ffeatures%2FWorlds_Most_Visited_Cities&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010.html">«The World According to GaWC 2010»</a>. <i>Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group and Network</i>. Loughborough University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 21. august 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AIstanbul&rft.atitle=The+World+According+to+GaWC+2010&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Globalization+and+World+Cities+%28GaWC%29+Study+Group+and+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lboro.ac.uk%2Fgawc%2Fworld2010.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oecd-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-oecd_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/1/62/40317916.pdf">«OECD Territorial Reviews: Istanbul, Turkey»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AIstanbul&rft.btitle=OECD+Territorial+Reviews%3A+Istanbul%2C+Turkey&rft.date=2008-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Organisation+for+Economic+Co-operation+and+Development&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fdataoecd%2F1%2F62%2F40317916.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-olympic.org-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-olympic.org_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-selects-three-cities-as-candidates-for-the-2020-olympic-games/166288">«IOC selects three cities as Candidates for the 2020 Olympic Games»</a>. The International Olympic Committee. 24 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 21. august 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AIstanbul&rft.btitle=IOC+selects+three+cities+as+Candidates+for+the+2020+Olympic+Games&rft.date=2012-05-24&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+International+Olympic+Committee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fnews%2Fioc-selects-three-cities-as-candidates-for-the-2020-olympic-games%2F166288&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKottekGrieserBeckRudolf2006">Kottek et al. 2006</a>, p. 261<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKottekGrieserBeckRudolf2006 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Harv and Sfn template errors (sida finst ikkje)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEfeCürebal2011">Efe & Cürebal 2011</a>, pp. 716–7<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFEfeCürebal2011 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Harv and Sfn template errors (sida finst ikkje)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wbase-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wbase_17-0">17,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wbase_17-1">17,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=6071&refer=&cityname=Istanbul-Turkey&units=">«Historical Weather for Istanbul, Turkey»</a>. WeatherBase<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 21. august 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AIstanbul&rft.btitle=Historical+Weather+for+Istanbul%2C+Turkey&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=WeatherBase&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweatherall.php3%3Fs%3D6071%26refer%3D%26cityname%3DIstanbul-Turkey%26units%3D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-weather-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc-weather_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/745044">«Weather – Istanbul»</a>. <i>World Weather</i>. BBC Weather Centre<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 21. august 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AIstanbul&rft.atitle=Weather+%93+Istanbul&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Weather&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fweather%2F745044&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Pelit, Attila. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111214232517/http://www.timeout.com/istanbul/features/306/when-to-go-to-istanbul">«When to Go to Istanbul»</a>. <i>TimeOut Istanbul</i>. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeout.com/istanbul/features/306/when-to-go-to-istanbul">originalen</a> 14. desember 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AIstanbul&rft.atitle=When+to+Go+to+Istanbul&rft.aufirst=Attila&rft.aulast=Pelit&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TimeOut+Istanbul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeout.com%2Fistanbul%2Ffeatures%2F306%2Fwhen-to-go-to-istanbul&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tsms-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-tsms_20-0">20,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-tsms_20-1">20,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmi.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/yillik-toplam-yagis-verileri.aspx?m=istanbul">«Yıllık Toplam Yağış Verileri» [Annual Total Participation Data: Istanbul, Turkey]</a> (på tyrkisk). Turkish State Meteorological Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AIstanbul&rft.btitle=Y%C4%B1ll%C4%B1k+Toplam+Ya%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9F+Verileri&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Turkish+State+Meteorological+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmi.gov.tr%2Fveridegerlendirme%2Fyillik-toplam-yagis-verileri.aspx%3Fm%3Distanbul&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmi.gov.tr/files/kurumsal/ekitap/4mevsim2/s5152.pdf">«İstanbul Bölge Müdürlüğü'ne Bağlı İstasyonlarda Ölçülen Ekstrem Değerler» [Extreme Values Measured in Istanbul Regional Directorate]</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (på tyrkisk). Turkish State Meteorological Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 21. august 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AIstanbul&rft.btitle=%C4%B0stanbul+B%C3%B6lge+M%C3%BCd%C3%BCrl%C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BC%27ne+Ba%C4%9Fl%C4%B1+%C4%B0stasyonlarda+%C3%96l%C3%A7%C3%BClen+Ekstrem+De%C4%9Ferler&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Turkish+State+Meteorological+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmi.gov.tr%2Ffiles%2Fkurumsal%2Fekitap%2F4mevsim2%2Fs5152.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126%3C3036%3AMCBOTE%3E2.0.CO%3B2">«March 1987 Cyclone (Blizzard) over the Eastern Mediterranean and Balkan Region Associated with Blocking»</a>. American Meteorological Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AIstanbul&rft.btitle=March+1987+Cyclone+%28Blizzard%29+over+the+Eastern+Mediterranean+and+Balkan+Region+Associated+with+Blocking&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=American+Meteorological+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.ametsoc.org%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1175%2F1520-0493%281998%29126%253C3036%253AMCBOTE%253E2.0.CO%253B2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wmo-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wmo_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldweather.org/014/c00047.htm">«Weather Information for Istanbul»</a>. <i>World Weather Information Service</i>. World Meteorological Organization<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 21. august 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AIstanbul&rft.atitle=Weather+Information+for+Istanbul&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Weather+Information+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldweather.org%2F014%2Fc00047.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunnsstoff">Bakgrunnsstoff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Endre bolk: Bakgrunnsstoff" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunnsstoff"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interbox"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> har multimedium som gjeld: <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Istanbul" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Istanbul">Istanbul</a></b> </div></div> <div class="interbox"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> Reiseguide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Istanbul" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Istanbul">Istanbul</a> frå Wikivoyage</div></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.istanbul.gov.tr/">Offisiell nettstad</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406#P856" title="Endra lenkja på Wikidata"><img alt="Endra lenkja på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" 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title="Europeisk kulturhovudstad">Europeiske kulturhovudstader</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firenze" title="Firenze">Firenze</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vest-Berlin" title="Vest-Berlin">Vest-Berlin</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antwerpen" title="Antwerpen">Antwerpen</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa">Lisboa</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_by" title="Luxembourg by">Luxembourg</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B8benhavn" title="København">København</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessalon%C3%ADki" title="Thessaloníki">Thessaloníki</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussel" title="Brussel">Brussel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helsingfors" title="Helsingfors">Helsingfors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>, <a href="/wiki/Praha" title="Praha">Praha</a> og <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a> og <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge">Brugge</a> og <a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genova" title="Genova">Genova</a> og <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork" title="Cork">Cork</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1tra" title="Pátra">Pátra</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_by" title="Luxembourg by">Luxembourg</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> og <a href="/wiki/Stavanger/Sandnes" title="Stavanger/Sandnes">Stavanger/Sandnes</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a> og <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Istanbul</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85bo" title="Åbo">Åbo</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guimar%C3%A3es&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guimarães (sida finst ikkje)">Guimarães</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a> og <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a> og <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mons" title="Mons">Mons</a> og <a href="/wiki/Plze%C5%88" title="Plzeň">Plzeň</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a> og <a href="/wiki/Breslau" class="mw-redirect" title="Breslau">Breslau</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aarhus" class="mw-redirect" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a> og <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1fos" title="Páfos">Páfos</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeuwarden" title="Leeuwarden">Leeuwarden</a> og <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matera" title="Matera">Matera</a> og <a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a> og <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a> (2020 og 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a> og <a href="/wiki/Esch-sur-Alzette" title="Esch-sur-Alzette">Esch-sur-Alzette</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="Veszprém">Veszprém</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bad_Ischl" title="Bad Ischl">Bad Ischl</a> og <a href="/wiki/Bod%C3%B8" title="Bodø">Bodø</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3515230" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3586164" /></div><div 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