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<ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Dynasty" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Dynasty" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dynasty" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button 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id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the general concept of a line of rulers. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Dynasty_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Dynasty (disambiguation)">Dynasty (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Political_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Political dynasty">Political dynasty</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ruling family" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Royal_family" title="Royal family">Royal family</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Royal house" redirects here. For royal residences and headquarters, see <a href="/wiki/Palace" title="Palace">Palace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_household" title="Royal household">Royal household</a>.</div> A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family,<a href="#cite_note-OED-1">[1]</a> usually in the context of a <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchical</a> system, but sometimes also appearing in <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republics</a>. A dynasty may also be referred to as a "house", "family" or "clan", among others. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Imperial_Family_of_Japan,_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/The_Imperial_Family_of_Japan%2C_2021.jpg/400px-The_Imperial_Family_of_Japan%2C_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/The_Imperial_Family_of_Japan%2C_2021.jpg/600px-The_Imperial_Family_of_Japan%2C_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/The_Imperial_Family_of_Japan%2C_2021.jpg/800px-The_Imperial_Family_of_Japan%2C_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2752"></a><figcaption>Family photograph of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_House_of_Japan" title="Imperial House of Japan">Imperial House of Japan</a>, the world's oldest continuous royal dynasty since at least 539, with three generations (from left) <a href="/wiki/Empress_Michiko" title="Empress Michiko">Empress Michiko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Akihito" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Akihito">Emperor Akihito</a>, their son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Naruhito" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Naruhito">Emperor Naruhito</a> and his consort <a href="/wiki/Empress_Masako" title="Empress Masako">Empress Masako</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Akishino" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Akishino">Prince Akishino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Akishino" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Akishino">Princess Akishino</a>, and behind them the children (2021)</figcaption></figure> Historians <a href="/wiki/Periodization" title="Periodization">periodize</a> the histories of many states and <a href="/wiki/Civilization" title="Civilization">civilizations</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Iran">Ancient Iran</a> (3200–539 BC), <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a> (3100–30 BC), and <a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Ancient_China" title="History of China">Ancient and Imperial China</a> (2070 BC – AD 1912), using a framework of successive dynasties. As such, the term "dynasty" may be used to delimit the era during which a family reigned. Before the 18th century, most dynasties throughout the world have traditionally been reckoned <a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">patrilineally</a>, such as those that follow the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> <a href="/wiki/Salic_law" title="Salic law">Salic law</a>. In polities where it was permitted, succession through a daughter usually established a new dynasty in her husband's family name. This has changed in all of Europe's remaining monarchies, where <a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">succession law</a> and conventions have maintained dynastic names de jure through a female. Dynastic politics has declined over time, owing to a decline in monarchy as a form of government, a rise in democracy, and a reduction within democracies of elected members from dynastic families.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Terminology">1 Terminology</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Definition">1.1 Definition</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Dynastic_marriage">1.2 Dynastic marriage</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#History">2 History</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Longevity">3 Longevity</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Extant_sovereign_dynasties">4 Extant sovereign dynasties</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Political_families">5 Political families</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Hereditary_dictatorship">5.1 Hereditary dictatorship</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Influential_wealthy_families">6 Influential wealthy families</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#See_also">7 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Notes">8 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#References">9 References</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dynasty&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The word "dynasty" (from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: δυναστεία, dynasteía "power", "lordship", from dynástes "ruler")<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> is sometimes used informally for people who are not rulers but are, for example, members of a family with influence and power in other areas, such as a series of successive owners of a major company, or any family with a legacy, such as a dynasty of poets or actors. It is also extended to unrelated people, such as major poets of the same school or various rosters of a single sports team.<a href="#cite_note-OED-1">[1]</a> The dynastic family or lineage may be known as a "noble house",<a href="#cite_note-OED2-4">[4]</a> which may be <a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">styled</a> as "<a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">imperial</a>", "<a href="/wiki/King" title="King">royal</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">princely</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">ducal</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">comital</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">baronial</a>", depending upon the chief or present <a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">title</a> borne by its members, but it is more often referred by adding the name afterwards, as in "<a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a>". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definition">Definition</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dynasty&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Definition" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Civil_Merit_Ceremony._5th_Felipe_VI_Reign_Anniversary_02_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Order_of_the_Civil_Merit_Ceremony._5th_Felipe_VI_Reign_Anniversary_02_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Order_of_the_Civil_Merit_Ceremony._5th_Felipe_VI_Reign_Anniversary_02_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="782"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 195px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Order_of_the_Civil_Merit_Ceremony._5th_Felipe_VI_Reign_Anniversary_02_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Order_of_the_Civil_Merit_Ceremony._5th_Felipe_VI_Reign_Anniversary_02_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="195" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Order_of_the_Civil_Merit_Ceremony._5th_Felipe_VI_Reign_Anniversary_02_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Order_of_the_Civil_Merit_Ceremony._5th_Felipe_VI_Reign_Anniversary_02_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Order_of_the_Civil_Merit_Ceremony._5th_Felipe_VI_Reign_Anniversary_02_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Order_of_the_Civil_Merit_Ceremony._5th_Felipe_VI_Reign_Anniversary_02_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_royal_family" title="Spanish royal family">Spanish royal family</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> dates its roots to the <a href="/wiki/Capetian_dynasty" title="Capetian dynasty">Capetian dynasty</a> of the 9th century, thus making it the oldest still reigning dynasty in Europe (photograph of King Felipe VI, Queen Letizia, the Princess of Asturias and her younger sister Infanta Sofía, in 2019)</figcaption></figure> A ruler from a dynasty is sometimes referred to as a "dynast", but this term is also used to describe any member of a reigning family who retains a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">right to succeed</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Throne" title="Throne">throne</a>. For example, <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">King Edward VIII</a> ceased to be a dynast of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Windsor" title="House of Windsor">House of Windsor</a> following his abdication. In historical and <a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">monarchist</a> references to formerly reigning families, a "dynast" is a family member who would have had succession rights, were the monarchy's rules still in force. For example, after the 1914 assassinations of <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria">Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Morganatic_marriage" title="Morganatic marriage">morganatic</a> wife, their son <a href="/wiki/Maximilian,_Duke_of_Hohenberg" title="Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg">Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg</a>, was bypassed for the Austro-Hungarian throne because he was not a <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a> dynast. Even after the <a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">abolition</a> of the Austrian monarchy, Duke Maximilian and his descendants have not been considered the rightful pretenders by Austrian monarchists, nor have they claimed that position. The term "dynast" is sometimes used only to refer to <a href="/wiki/Patrilineality#Agnatic_succession" title="Patrilineality">agnatic</a> descendants of a realm's monarchs, and sometimes to include those who hold succession rights through <a href="/wiki/Matrilineality" title="Matrilineality">cognatic</a> royal descent. The term can therefore describe overlapping but distinct sets of people. For example, <a href="/wiki/David_Armstrong-Jones,_2nd_Earl_of_Snowdon" title="David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon">David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon</a>, a nephew of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a>, is in the <a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_British_throne" title="Succession to the British throne">line of succession to the British crown</a>, making him a British dynast. On the other hand, since he is not a patrilineal member of the British royal family, he is therefore not a dynast of the House of Windsor. Comparatively, the German aristocrat <a href="/wiki/Prince_Ernst_August_of_Hanover_(born_1954)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Ernst August of Hanover (born 1954)">Prince Ernst August of Hanover</a>, a male-line descendant of <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">King George III</a>, possesses no legal British name, titles or styles (although he is entitled to reclaim the former <a href="/wiki/Duke#Royal_dukes" title="Duke">royal dukedom</a> of <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Cumberland" title="Duke of Cumberland">Cumberland</a>). He was born in the line of succession to the British throne and was bound by Britain's <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marriages_Act_1772" title="Royal Marriages Act 1772">Royal Marriages Act 1772</a> until it was repealed when the <a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Crown_Act_2013" title="Succession to the Crown Act 2013">Succession to the Crown Act 2013</a> took effect on 26 March 2015.<a href="#cite_note-inforce-5">[5]</a> Thus, he requested and obtained formal permission from Queen Elizabeth II to marry the Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Caroline,_Princess_of_Hanover" class="mw-redirect" title="Caroline, Princess of Hanover">Princess Caroline of Monaco</a> in 1999. Yet, a clause of the English <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Settlement_1701" title="Act of Settlement 1701">Act of Settlement 1701</a> remained in effect at that time, stipulating that dynasts who marry Roman Catholics are considered "dead" for the purpose of succession to the British throne.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-6">[6]</a> That exclusion, too, ceased to apply on 26 March 2015, with retroactive effect for those who had been dynasts before triggering it by marriage to a Roman Catholic.<a href="#cite_note-inforce-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dynastic_marriage">Dynastic marriage</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dynasty&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dynastic marriage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maria_Theresia_im_Kreise_ihrer_Familie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Maria_Theresia_im_Kreise_ihrer_Familie.jpg/220px-Maria_Theresia_im_Kreise_ihrer_Familie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="245" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="689" data-file-height="768"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 245px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Maria_Theresia_im_Kreise_ihrer_Familie.jpg/220px-Maria_Theresia_im_Kreise_ihrer_Familie.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="245" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Maria_Theresia_im_Kreise_ihrer_Familie.jpg/330px-Maria_Theresia_im_Kreise_ihrer_Familie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Maria_Theresia_im_Kreise_ihrer_Familie.jpg/440px-Maria_Theresia_im_Kreise_ihrer_Familie.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Family portrait of Empress <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg dynasty">Habsburg dynasty</a>, surrounded by her children who were married into various European dynasties. Marriage policy amongst dynasties led to the <a href="/wiki/Pax_Austriaca" title="Pax Austriaca">Pax Austriaca</a>.</figcaption></figure> A "dynastic marriage" is one that complies with monarchical <a href="/wiki/House_law" title="House law">house law</a> restrictions, so that the descendants are eligible to inherit the throne or other royal privileges.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> For example, the marriage of <a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands</a> to <a href="/wiki/Queen_M%C3%A1xima_of_the_Netherlands" title="Queen Máxima of the Netherlands">Máxima Zorreguieta</a> in 2002 was dynastic, making their eldest child, <a href="/wiki/Catharina-Amalia,_Princess_of_Orange" title="Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange">Princess Catharina-Amalia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a> to the Crown of the Netherlands. The marriage of his younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Friso_of_Orange-Nassau" title="Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau">Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau</a>, in 2003 lacked government support and parliamentary approval. Thus, Prince Friso forfeited his place in the <a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Dutch_throne" title="Succession to the Dutch throne">order of succession to the Dutch throne</a>, and consequently lost his title as a "Prince of the Netherlands", and left his children without dynastic rights. Empress <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg dynasty">Habsburg dynasty</a> had her children married into various European dynasties. Habsburg marriage policy amongst European dynasties led to the <a href="/wiki/Pax_Austriaca" title="Pax Austriaca">Pax Austriaca</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dynasty&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> Historians <a href="/wiki/Periodization" title="Periodization">periodize</a> the histories of many states and <a href="/wiki/Civilization" title="Civilization">civilizations</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Iran">Ancient Iran</a> (3200–539 BC), <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a> (3100–30 BC) and <a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Ancient_China" title="History of China">Ancient and Imperial China</a> (2070 BC – AD 1912), using a framework of successive dynasties. As such, the term "dynasty" may be used to delimit the era during which a family reigned, and also to describe events, trends and artifacts of that period (e.g., "a <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> vase"). Until the 19th century, it was taken for granted that a legitimate function of a monarch was to aggrandize his dynasty: that is, to expand the wealth and power of his family members.<a href="#cite_note-:0-8">[8]</a> Before the 18th century, most dynasties throughout the world have traditionally been reckoned <a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">patrilineally</a>, such as those that follow the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> <a href="/wiki/Salic_law" title="Salic law">Salic law</a>. In polities where it was permitted, succession through a daughter usually established a new dynasty in her husband's family name. This has changed in all of Europe's remaining monarchies, where <a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">succession law</a> and conventions have maintained dynastic names de jure through a female. For instance, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Windsor" title="House of Windsor">House of Windsor</a> is maintained through the children of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a>, as it did with the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">monarchy of the Netherlands</a>, whose dynasty remained the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">House of Orange-Nassau</a> through three successive <a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">queens regnant</a>. The earliest such example among major European monarchies was in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> in the 18th century, where the name of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Romanov" title="House of Romanov">House of Romanov</a> was maintained through <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anna_Petrovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia">Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna</a>. This also happened in the case of <a href="/wiki/Maria_II_of_Portugal" title="Maria II of Portugal">Queen Maria II of Portugal</a>, who married <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Portugal" title="Ferdinand II of Portugal">Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry</a>, but whose descendants remained members of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Braganza" title="House of Braganza">House of Braganza</a>, per Portuguese law; in fact, since the 1800s, the only female monarch in Europe who had children belonging to a different house was <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> and that was due to disagreements over how to choose a non German house. In <a href="/wiki/Limpopo" title="Limpopo">Limpopo Province</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rain_Queen" title="Rain Queen">Balobedu</a> determined descent <a href="/wiki/Matrilineal_succession" title="Matrilineal succession">matrilineally</a>, while rulers have at other times adopted the name of their mother's dynasty when coming into her inheritance. Less frequently, a monarchy has alternated or been rotated, in a multi-dynastic (or polydynastic) system—that is, the most senior living members of parallel dynasties, at any point in time, constitute the line of succession. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Longevity">Longevity</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dynasty&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Longevity" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Welcome_for_HM_King_Tupou_VI_of_the_Kingdom_of_Tonga_and_HM_Queen_Nanasipau%27u_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Welcome_for_HM_King_Tupou_VI_of_the_Kingdom_of_Tonga_and_HM_Queen_Nanasipau%27u_03.jpg/220px-Welcome_for_HM_King_Tupou_VI_of_the_Kingdom_of_Tonga_and_HM_Queen_Nanasipau%27u_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1156" data-file-height="759"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 144px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Welcome_for_HM_King_Tupou_VI_of_the_Kingdom_of_Tonga_and_HM_Queen_Nanasipau%27u_03.jpg/220px-Welcome_for_HM_King_Tupou_VI_of_the_Kingdom_of_Tonga_and_HM_Queen_Nanasipau%27u_03.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="144" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Welcome_for_HM_King_Tupou_VI_of_the_Kingdom_of_Tonga_and_HM_Queen_Nanasipau%27u_03.jpg/330px-Welcome_for_HM_King_Tupou_VI_of_the_Kingdom_of_Tonga_and_HM_Queen_Nanasipau%27u_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Welcome_for_HM_King_Tupou_VI_of_the_Kingdom_of_Tonga_and_HM_Queen_Nanasipau%27u_03.jpg/440px-Welcome_for_HM_King_Tupou_VI_of_the_Kingdom_of_Tonga_and_HM_Queen_Nanasipau%27u_03.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>King Tupou VI of Tonga and Queen Nanasipau'u, head of one of the oldest still ruling royal dynasties in the world, dating back to c. 950 CE of the <a href="/wiki/Tu%CA%BBi_Tonga_Empire" title="Tuʻi Tonga Empire">Tuʻi Tonga Empire</a></figcaption></figure> Dynasties lasting at least 250 years include the following. Legendary lineages that cannot be historically confirmed are not included. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Era </th> <th>Dynasty</th> <th>Length of rule </th></tr> <tr> <td>400 BCE – 1618 CE<a href="#cite_note-Harman-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D4-10">[10]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pandya_dynasty" title="Pandya dynasty">Pandya</a> </td> <td>2,018 years est. </td></tr> <tr> <td>c. 300 BCE – 1279 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola</a> </td> <td>1,579 years est. </td></tr> <tr> <td>539–present </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Imperial_House_of_Japan" title="Imperial House of Japan">Imperial House of Japan</a></td> <td>1,458 years </td></tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 493 CE – 1947 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ganga_dynasty" title="Eastern Ganga dynasty">Eastern Ganga dynasty</a> </td> <td>1,454 years est. </td></tr> <tr> <td>c. 5th century – 1971 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guhila_dynasty" title="Guhila dynasty">Guhila</a> - <a href="/wiki/Sisodia_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisodia Dynasty">Sisodia</a></td> <td>1,371 years est. </td></tr> <tr> <td>950s CE – present (title <a href="/wiki/Tu%CA%BBi_Tonga" title="Tuʻi Tonga">Tuʻi Tonga</a> to 1865 CE) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Tonga" title="List of monarchs of Tonga">Tonga</a></td> <td>1,070 years est. </td></tr> <tr> <td>c. 780 – 1812 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bagrationi_dynasty" title="Bagrationi dynasty">Bagrationi</a></td> <td>1,032 years est. </td></tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 900 – 1930 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Borjigin" title="Borjigin">Borjigid</a> </td> <td>1,030 years est. </td></tr> <tr> <td>c.730 – 1855 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bohtan" title="Bohtan">Bohkti</a> </td> <td>1,125 years est. </td></tr> <tr> <td>c. 1700 – 722 BCE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Assyrian_kings" title="List of Assyrian kings">Adaside</a> </td> <td>978 years est. </td></tr> <tr> <td>c. 891 – 1846 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sayfawa_dynasty" title="Sayfawa dynasty">Sayfawa</a> </td> <td>955 years est. </td></tr> <tr> <td>665–1598 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baduspanids" title="Baduspanids">Baduspanids</a></td> <td>933 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>57 BCE – 935 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a></td> <td>992 years est. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1128–1971 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kachhwaha" title="Kachhwaha">Kachhwaha</a> </td> <td>843 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>987 – 1792, 1814 – 1848 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Capetian_dynasty" title="Capetian dynasty">Capetian</a></td> <td>839 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1046– 256 BCE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou</a></td> <td>790 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>750–1258 CE, 1261–1517 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_dynasty" title="Abbasid dynasty">Abbasid</a></td> <td>764 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>862–1598 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rurikid" class="mw-redirect" title="Rurikid">Rurikid</a></td> <td>736 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1243–1971 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rathore_dynasty" title="Rathore dynasty">Rathore</a> </td> <td>728 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>37 BCE – 668 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a></td> <td>705 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1270–1975 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solomonic_dynasty" title="Solomonic dynasty">Solomon</a></td> <td>705 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>651–1349 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bavand_dynasty" title="Bavand dynasty">Bavand dynasty</a></td> <td>698 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 BCE – 660 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a></td> <td>678 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1360s–present </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bolkiah" title="House of Bolkiah">Bolkiah</a> </td> <td>656 years or 661 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1278–1914 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a></td> <td>636 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1299–1922 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_dynasty" title="Ottoman dynasty">Ottoman</a></td> <td>c. 623 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>543 BCE – 66 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Vijaya" title="House of Vijaya">Vijaya</a></td> <td>608 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1228–1826 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahom_dynasty" title="Ahom dynasty">Ahom</a></td> <td>598 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1600–1046 BCE or 1766–1122 BCE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang</a> </td> <td>554 years or 644 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1392–1910 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korean Empire</a></td> <td>518 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1370–1857 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Timurid_dynasty" title="Timurid dynasty">Timurid</a></td> <td>487 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>918–1392 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a></td> <td>474 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>247 BCE – 224 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Arsacid</a></td> <td>471 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1154–1624 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nabhani_dynasty" title="Nabhani dynasty">Nabhani</a></td> <td>470 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>202 BCE – 9 CE, 25 – 220 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Shu Han</a></td> <td>448 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>858–1301 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_dynasty" title="Árpád dynasty">Árpád</a> </td> <td>443 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1586–present </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Mataram" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Mataram">Mataram</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[a]</a> </td> <td>438 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>224–651 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_dynasty" title="Sasanian dynasty">Sassanian</a></td> <td>427 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1010–586 BCE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Davidic_line" title="Davidic line">Davidic</a></td> <td>424 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>220–638 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ghassanids" title="Ghassanids">Jafnid</a></td> <td>418 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>960–1370 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Piast_dynasty" title="Piast dynasty">Piast</a> </td> <td>410 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>730–330 BCE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_dynasty" title="Achaemenid dynasty">Achaemenid</a></td> <td>400 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1220–1597 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Siri_Sanga_Bo" title="House of Siri Sanga Bo">Siri Sanga Bo</a></td> <td>377 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>661–750, 756–1031 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_dynasty" title="Umayyad dynasty">Umayyad</a></td> <td>364 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1271–1635 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Yuan" title="Northern Yuan">Northern Yuan</a></td> <td>364 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1057–1059, 1081–1185, 1204–1461 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Komnenos" title="Komnenos">Komnenos</a> (styled as Megas Komnenos from late 13th century)</td> <td>363 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1428–1527, 1533–1789 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Lê dynasty">Later Lê</a> (Primitive and <a href="/wiki/Revival_L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Revival Lê dynasty">Revival Lê</a>)</td> <td>355 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1047–1375, 1387–1412 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Estridsen" title="House of Estridsen">Estridsen</a></td> <td>353 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>c. 653 BCE – 309 BCE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a></td> <td>344 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1371–1651, 1660–1714 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Stuart" title="House of Stuart">Stuart</a></td> <td>334 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1154–1485 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet" title="House of Plantagenet">Plantagenet</a></td> <td>330 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>905–1234 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim%C3%A9nez_dynasty" title="Jiménez dynasty">Jiménez</a></td> <td>329 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1699–present </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bendahara_dynasty" title="Bendahara dynasty">Bendahara</a></td> <td>325 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>960–279 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a></td> <td>319 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1613–1917 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Romanov" title="House of Romanov">Romanov</a></td> <td>304 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>300–602 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lakhmids" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakhmids">Lakhmid</a></td> <td>302 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>916–1218 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qara_Khitai" title="Qara Khitai">Western Liao</a></td> <td>302 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1616–1912 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Later_Jin_(1616%E2%80%931636)" title="Later Jin (1616–1636)">Later Jin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a></td> <td>296 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1368–1662 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ming" title="Southern Ming">Southern Ming</a></td> <td>294 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>305–30 BCE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a></td> <td>275 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>618–690, 705–907 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a></td> <td>274 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>909–1171 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_dynasty" title="Fatimid dynasty">Fatimid</a></td> <td>262 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1230–1492 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nasrid_dynasty" title="Nasrid dynasty">Nasrid</a></td> <td>262 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1550–1292 BCE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Thutmosid</a></td> <td>258 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>1034–1286 CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Dunkeld" title="House of Dunkeld">Dunkeld</a></td> <td>252 years </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Extant_sovereign_dynasties">Extant sovereign dynasties</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dynasty&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Extant sovereign dynasties" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For non-sovereign dynasties currently ruling subnational monarchies, see <a href="/wiki/Non-sovereign_monarchy" title="Non-sovereign monarchy">Non-sovereign monarchy</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_constituent_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current constituent monarchs">List of current constituent monarchs</a>.</div> There are <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_monarchies" title="List of current monarchies">43 sovereign states</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">monarch</a> as <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>, of which 41 are ruled by dynasties.<a href="#cite_note-Non-dynastic-12">[b]</a> There are currently 26 sovereign dynasties. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:200px;">Dynasty </th> <th style="width:300px;"><a href="/wiki/Realm" title="Realm">Realm</a> </th> <th style="width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states" title="List of current monarchs of sovereign states">Reigning monarch</a> </th> <th style="width:200px;">Dynastic founder<a href="#cite_note-Founder-13">[c]</a> </th> <th style="width:150px;">Dynastic place of origin<a href="#cite_note-Origin-14">[d]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="15"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Windsor" title="House of Windsor">House of Windsor</a><a href="#cite_note-Windsor-15">[e]</a><a href="#cite_note-Commonwealth-16">[f]</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> </td> <td rowspan="15"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">King Charles III</a> </td> <td rowspan="15"><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">King-Emperor George V</a><a href="#cite_note-GeorgeVI-17">[g]</a> </td> <td rowspan="15"><a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> (in modern <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Commonwealth of Australia</a><a href="#cite_note-Australia-18">[h]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">New Zealand</a><a href="#cite_note-NewZealand-19">[i]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/31px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><a href="#cite_note-United_Kingdom-20">[j]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Khalifa" title="House of Khalifa">House of Khalifa</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamad_bin_Isa_Al_Khalifa" title="Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa">King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa</a> </td> <td>Sheikh Khalifa bin Mohammed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Najd</a> (in modern <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">House of Belgium</a><a href="#cite_note-Belgium-21">[k]</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippe_of_Belgium" title="Philippe of Belgium">King Philippe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Belgium" title="Albert I of Belgium">King Albert I</a><a href="#cite_note-AlbertI-22">[l]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> (in modern <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wangchuck_dynasty" title="Wangchuck dynasty">Wangchuck dynasty</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jigme_Khesar_Namgyel_Wangchuck" title="Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck">Druk Gyalpo Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ugyen_Wangchuck" title="Ugyen Wangchuck">Druk Gyalpo Ugyen Wangchuck</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trongsa" title="Trongsa">Trongsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bolkiah" title="House of Bolkiah">House of Bolkiah</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shah_of_Brunei" title="Muhammad Shah of Brunei">Sultan Muhammad Shah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tarim,_Hadhramaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarim, Hadhramaut">Tarim</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hadhramaut" title="Hadhramaut">Hadhramaut</a><a href="#cite_note-Bolkiah-23">[m]</a> (in modern <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Norodom" title="House of Norodom">House of Norodom</a><a href="#cite_note-Norodom-24">[n]</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihamoni" title="Norodom Sihamoni">King Norodom Sihamoni</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norodom_of_Cambodia" title="Norodom of Cambodia">King Norodom Prohmbarirak</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="House of Glücksburg">House of Glücksburg</a><a href="#cite_note-Gl%C3%BCcksburg-25">[o]</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a><a href="#cite_note-Denmark-26">[p]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/King_Frederik_X" class="mw-redirect" title="King Frederik X">King Frederik X</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%C3%BCcksburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick William, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg">Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="Glücksburg">Glücksburg</a> (in modern <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harald_V_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Harald V of Norway">King Harald V</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Dlamini" title="House of Dlamini">House of Dlamini</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/45px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mswati_III" title="Mswati III">King Mswati III</a> </td> <td>Chief Dlamini I </td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Imperial_House_of_Japan" title="Imperial House of Japan">Imperial House of Japan</a><a href="#cite_note-K%C5%8Dshitsu-27">[q]</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Emperor Naruhito</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jimmu" title="Emperor Jimmu">Emperor Jimmu</a><a href="#cite_note-Jimmu-28">[r]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nara_Prefecture" title="Nara Prefecture">Nara</a> (in modern Japan) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hashemites" title="Hashemites">House of Hashim</a><a href="#cite_note-Hashim-29">[s]</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_II_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah II of Jordan">King Abdullah II</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hussein_bin_Ali,_King_of_Hejaz" title="Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz">King Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a> (in modern <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Sabah" title="House of Sabah">House of Sabah</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mishal_Al-Ahmad_Al-Jaber_Al-Sabah" title="Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah">Emir Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sabah_I_bin_Jaber" title="Sabah I bin Jaber">Sheikh Sabah I bin Jaber</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Najd</a> (in modern <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Lesotho" title="List of monarchs of Lesotho">House of Moshesh</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Letsie_III" title="Letsie III">King Letsie III</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moshoeshoe_I" title="Moshoeshoe I">Paramount Chief Moshoeshoe I</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Liechtenstein" title="House of Liechtenstein">House of Liechtenstein</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hans-Adam_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein">Prince Hans-Adam II</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karl_I,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Karl I, Prince of Liechtenstein">Prince Karl I</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lower_Austria" title="Lower Austria">Lower Austria</a> (in modern <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Ducal_Family_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg">House of Luxembourg-Nassau</a><a href="#cite_note-Luxembourg-Nassau-30">[t]</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Grand Duke Henri</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adolphe,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Grand Duke Adolphe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nassau,_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Nassau, Rhineland-Palatinate">Nassau</a> (in modern <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Temenggong_of_Johor" title="Temenggong of Johor">House of Temenggong</a><a href="#cite_note-Temenggong-31">[u]</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a><a href="#cite_note-Malaysia-32">[v]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Iskandar_of_Johor" title="Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor">Yang di-Pertuan Agong Sultan Ibrahim III</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Temenggong_Abdul_Jamal" title="Temenggong Abdul Jamal">Temenggong Tun Abdul Jamal I</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a> (in modern Malaysia) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Grimaldi" title="House of Grimaldi">House of Grimaldi</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="19" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Albert_II,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Albert II, Prince of Monaco">Prince Albert II</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Grimaldi" title="François Grimaldi">François Grimaldi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a> (in modern <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%27Alawi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="'Alawi dynasty">'Alawi dynasty</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">King Mohammed VI</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sharif_ibn_Ali" title="Sharif ibn Ali">Sultan Abul Amlak Sidi Muhammad as-Sharif ibn 'Ali</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tafilalt" title="Tafilalt">Tafilalt</a> (in modern Morocco) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">House of Orange-Nassau</a><a href="#cite_note-Orange-Nassau-33">[w]</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a><a href="#cite_note-Netherlands-34">[x]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">King Willem-Alexander</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_the_Silent" title="William the Silent">Prince William I</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nassau,_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Nassau, Rhineland-Palatinate">Nassau</a> (in modern <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Busaid" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Busaid">House of Busaid</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haitham_bin_Tariq" title="Haitham bin Tariq">Sultan Haitham bin Tariq</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_bin_Said_al-Busaidi" title="Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi">Sultan Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Thani" title="House of Thani">House of Thani</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 9px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="9" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al_Thani" title="Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani">Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani</a> </td> <td>Sheikh Thani bin Mohammed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Najd</a> (in modern <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Saud" title="House of Saud">House of Saud</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saud_bin_Muhammad_Al_Muqrin" title="Saud bin Muhammad Al Muqrin">Emir Saud I</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diriyah" title="Diriyah">Diriyah</a> (in modern Saudi Arabia) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon-Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Bourbon-Anjou">House of Bourbon-Anjou</a><a href="#cite_note-Bourbon-Anjou-35">[y]</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">King Felipe VI</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">King Philip V</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bourbon-l%27Archambault" title="Bourbon-l'Archambault">Bourbon-l'Archambault</a> (in modern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bernadotte" title="House of Bernadotte">House of Bernadotte</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">King Carl XVI Gustaf</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John" title="Charles XIV John">King Charles XIV John</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pau,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pau</a> (in modern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chakri_dynasty" title="Chakri dynasty">Chakri dynasty</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vajiralongkorn" title="Vajiralongkorn">King Vajiralongkorn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rama_I" title="Rama I">King Rama I</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phra_Nakhon_Si_Ayutthaya_(city)" title="Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (city)">Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya</a> (in modern Thailand) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Tonga" title="List of monarchs of Tonga">House of Tupou</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tupou_VI" title="Tupou VI">King Tupou VI</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Tupou_I" title="George Tupou I">King George Tupou I</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Nahyan" title="House of Nahyan">House of Nahyan</a><a href="#cite_note-Nahyan-36">[z]</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a><a href="#cite_note-UAE-37">[aa]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan" title="Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan">President Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dhiyab_bin_Isa_Al_Nahyan" title="Dhiyab bin Isa Al Nahyan">Sheikh Dhiyab bin Isa Al Nahyan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Oasis" title="Liwa Oasis">Liwa Oasis</a> (in modern United Arab Emirates) </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Political_families">Political families</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dynasty&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Political families" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Political_family" title="Political family">Political family</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_families" title="List of political families">List of political families</a></div> Though in <a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">elected</a> <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">governments</a>, rule does not pass automatically by inheritance, political power often accrues to generations of related individuals in the elected positions of <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchies</a>. Eminence, <a href="/wiki/Social_influence" title="Social influence">influence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">tradition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">nepotism</a> may contribute to the phenomenon. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hereditary_dictatorship">Hereditary dictatorship</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dynasty&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Hereditary dictatorship" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Hereditary dictatorships are <a href="/wiki/Dictatorship#Personalist" title="Dictatorship">personalist dictatorships</a> in which political power stays within a strongman's family due to the overwhelming authority of the strongman, rather than by the democratic consent of the people. The strongman typically fills government positions with their relatives. They may groom a successor during their own lifetime, or a member of their family may maneuver to take control of the dictatorship after the strongman's death. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Current hereditary dictatorships </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:200px;">Dynasty </th> <th style="width:300px;">Regime </th> <th style="width:200px;">Current leader </th> <th style="width:200px;">Dynastic founder </th> <th style="width:150px;">Year founded<a href="#cite_note-38">[ab]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kim_family_(North_Korea)" title="Kim family (North Korea)">Kim family</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a> </td> <td>1948 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gnassingbé family<a href="#cite_note-39">[11]</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Faure_Gnassingb%C3%A9" title="Faure Gnassingbé">Faure Gnassingbé</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gnassingb%C3%A9_Eyad%C3%A9ma" title="Gnassingbé Eyadéma">Gnassingbé Eyadéma</a> </td> <td>1967 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Al-Assad_family" title="Al-Assad family">al-Assad family</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a> </td> <td>1971 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gouled-Guelleh family<a href="#cite_note-40">[12]</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%AFl_Omar_Guelleh" title="Ismaïl Omar Guelleh">Ismaïl Omar Guelleh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Gouled_Aptidon" title="Hassan Gouled Aptidon">Hassan Gouled Aptidon</a> </td> <td>1977 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Déby family<a href="#cite_note-41">[13]</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahamat_D%C3%A9by" title="Mahamat Déby">Mahamat Déby</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Idriss_D%C3%A9by" title="Idriss Déby">Idriss Déby</a> </td> <td>1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aliyev family<a href="#cite_note-42">[14]</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Ilham Aliyev</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heydar_Aliyev" title="Heydar Aliyev">Heydar Aliyev</a> </td> <td>1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hun family<a href="#cite_note-43">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[17]</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hun_Manet" title="Hun Manet">Hun Manet</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hun_Sen" title="Hun Sen">Hun Sen</a> </td> <td>1985 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Berdimuhamedow family<a href="#cite_note-46">[18]</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Serdar_Berdimuhamedow" title="Serdar Berdimuhamedow">Serdar Berdimuhamedow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gurbanguly_Berdimuhamedow" title="Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow">Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow</a> </td> <td>2006 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Former hereditary dictatorships </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Dynasty </th> <th>Regime </th> <th>Dynastic founder </th> <th>Last ruler </th> <th>Year founded </th> <th>Year ended </th> <th>Length of rule </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rana_dynasty" title="Rana dynasty">Rana dynasty</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Nepal_%281743%E2%80%931962%29.svg/10px-Flag_of_Nepal_%281743%E2%80%931962%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="435"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Nepal_%281743%E2%80%931962%29.svg/10px-Flag_of_Nepal_%281743%E2%80%931962%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="10" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Nepal_%281743%E2%80%931962%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Nepal_%281743%E2%80%931962%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Nepal_%281743%E2%80%931962%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Nepal_%281743%E2%80%931962%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jung_Bahadur_Rana" title="Jung Bahadur Rana">Jung Bahadur Rana</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Shumsher_Jung_Bahadur_Rana" title="Mohan Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana">Mohan Shumsher</a> </td> <td>1846 </td> <td>1951 </td> <td>105 years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chiang_family" title="Chiang family">Chiang family</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Ching-kuo" title="Chiang Ching-kuo">Chiang Ching-kuo</a> </td> <td>1928 </td> <td>1988 </td> <td>60 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>Trujillo family </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo" title="Rafael Trujillo">Rafael Trujillo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramfis_Trujillo" title="Ramfis Trujillo">Ramfis Trujillo</a> </td> <td>1930 </td> <td>1961 </td> <td>31 years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Somoza_family" title="Somoza family">Somoza family</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anastasio_Somoza_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Anastasio Somoza García">Anastasio Somoza García</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anastasio_Somoza_Debayle" title="Anastasio Somoza Debayle">Anastasio Somoza Debayle</a> </td> <td>1936 </td> <td>1979 </td> <td>43 years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Duvalier_dynasty" title="Duvalier dynasty">Duvalier dynasty</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Haiti_%281964%E2%80%931986%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti_%281964%E2%80%931986%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Haiti_%281964%E2%80%931986%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti_%281964%E2%80%931986%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Haiti_%281964%E2%80%931986%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti_%281964%E2%80%931986%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Haiti_%281964%E2%80%931986%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti_%281964%E2%80%931986%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Duvalier" title="François Duvalier">François Duvalier</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Duvalier" title="Jean-Claude Duvalier">Jean-Claude Duvalier</a> </td> <td>1957 </td> <td>1986 </td> <td>28 years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bongo_family" title="Bongo family">Bongo family</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[19]</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/31px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Omar_Bongo" title="Omar Bongo">Omar Bongo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ali_Bongo" title="Ali Bongo">Ali Bongo</a> </td> <td>1967 </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>56 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kabila family<a href="#cite_note-48">[20]</a> </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laurent-D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Kabila" title="Laurent-Désiré Kabila">Laurent-Désiré Kabila</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kabila" title="Joseph Kabila">Joseph Kabila</a> </td> <td>1997 </td> <td>2019 </td> <td>22 years </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Influential_wealthy_families">Influential wealthy families</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dynasty&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Influential wealthy families" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_families" title="List of wealthiest families">List of wealthiest families</a></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dynasty&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_dynasties" title="Lists of dynasties">Lists of dynasties</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadet_branch" title="Cadet branch">Cadet branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_dynasty" title="Conquest dynasty">Conquest dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastic_cycle" title="Dynastic cycle">Dynastic cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastic_order" title="Dynastic order">Dynastic order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastic_union" title="Dynastic union">Dynastic union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">Elective monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_seat" title="Family seat">Family seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_former_ruling_families" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of former ruling families">Heads of former ruling families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">Hereditary monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Intermezzo" title="Iranian Intermezzo">Iranian Intermezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_constituent_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current constituent monarchs">List of current constituent monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_monarchies" title="List of current monarchies">List of current monarchies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states" title="List of current monarchs of sovereign states">List of current monarchs of sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dynasties" title="List of dynasties">List of dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_empires" title="List of empires">List of empires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_family_trees" title="List of family trees">List of family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kingdoms_and_royal_dynasties" title="List of kingdoms and royal dynasties">List of kingdoms and royal dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_empires" title="List of largest empires">List of largest empires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchies" title="List of monarchies">List of monarchies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_noble_houses" title="List of noble houses">List of noble houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-sovereign_monarchy" title="Non-sovereign monarchy">Non-sovereign monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realm" title="Realm">Realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_family" title="Royal family">Royal family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_household" title="Royal household">Royal household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_intermarriage" title="Royal intermarriage">Royal intermarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-proclaimed_monarchy" title="Self-proclaimed monarchy">Self-proclaimed monarchy</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dynasty&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Territory split into the <a href="/wiki/Surakarta_Sunanate" title="Surakarta Sunanate">Surakarta Sunanate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Sultanate" title="Yogyakarta Sultanate">Yogyakarta Sultanate</a> in 1755 by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Giyanti" title="Treaty of Giyanti">Treaty of Giyanti</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Non-dynastic-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Non-dynastic_12-0">^</a> Existing sovereign entities ruled by non-dynastic monarchs include: <ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/43px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Principality of Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> (ruling the <noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City State</a>)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta</a></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Founder-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Founder_13-0">^</a> The founder of a dynasty need not necessarily equate to the first monarch of a particular realm. For example, while <a href="/wiki/William_the_Silent" title="William the Silent">William I</a> was the dynastic founder of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">House of Orange-Nassau</a> which currently rules over the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>, he was never a monarch of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. </li> <li id="cite_note-Origin-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Origin_14-0">^</a> Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Family_seat" title="Family seat">dynastic seat</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Windsor-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Windsor_15-0">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Windsor" title="House of Windsor">House of Windsor</a> is descended from the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a>, which is a branch of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Wettin" title="House of Wettin">House of Wettin</a>. The dynastic name was changed from "Saxe-Coburg and Gotha" to "Windsor" in AD 1917. </li> <li id="cite_note-Commonwealth-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Commonwealth_16-0">^</a> A sovereign state with <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> as its monarch and head of state is known as a <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realm</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-GeorgeVI-17"><a href="#cite_ref-GeorgeVI_17-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> was formerly a member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a> before AD 1917. </li> <li id="cite_note-Australia-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Australia_18-0">^</a> Including: <ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands Territory</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg/23px-Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg/23px-Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg/35px-Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg/46px-Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Territory of Heard and McDonald Islands</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg/23px-Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="460"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg/23px-Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg/35px-Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg/46px-Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewZealand-19"><a href="#cite_ref-NewZealand_19-0">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a> consists of: <ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/23px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/23px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/46px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Tokelau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tokelau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Tokelau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tokelau.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Tokelau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tokelau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Tokelau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tokelau.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-United_Kingdom-20"><a href="#cite_ref-United_Kingdom_20-0">^</a> Including: <ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/23px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/23px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/35px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/46px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Crown_dependencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown dependencies">Crown dependency</a>)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a> (Crown dependency)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> (Crown dependency)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="375"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> The crown dependencies of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, the Bailiwick of Jersey, and the Isle of Man are neither part of the United Kingdom nor <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British overseas territories</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Belgium-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Belgium_21-0">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Belgium">House of Belgium</a> is descended from the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a>, which is a branch of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Wettin" title="House of Wettin">House of Wettin</a>. The dynastic name was changed from "Saxe-Coburg and Gotha" to "Belgium" in AD 1920. </li> <li id="cite_note-AlbertI-22"><a href="#cite_ref-AlbertI_22-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Belgium" title="Albert I of Belgium">Albert I</a> was formerly a member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a> before AD 1920. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bolkiah-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Bolkiah_23-0">^</a> Claimed by the royal house, but the historicity is questionable. </li> <li id="cite_note-Norodom-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Norodom_24-0">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Norodom" title="House of Norodom">House of Norodom</a> is a branch of the Varman dynasty. </li> <li id="cite_note-Glücksburg-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Gl%C3%BCcksburg_25-0">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="House of Glücksburg">House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg</a> is a branch of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Oldenburg" title="House of Oldenburg">House of Oldenburg</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Denmark-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Denmark_26-0">^</a> Including: <ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kōshitsu-27"><a href="#cite_ref-K%C5%8Dshitsu_27-0">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_House_of_Japan" title="Imperial House of Japan">Imperial House of Japan</a>, or Kōshitsu (皇室), is the world's oldest continuous dynasty. The dynasty has produced an unbroken succession of Japanese monarchs since the legendary founding year of 660 BC. </li> <li id="cite_note-Jimmu-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Jimmu_28-0">^</a> Most historians regard Emperor Jimmu to have been a mythical ruler. <a href="/wiki/Emperor_%C5%8Cjin" title="Emperor Ōjin">Emperor Ōjin</a>, traditionally considered the 15th emperor, is the first who is generally thought to have existed, while <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kinmei" title="Emperor Kinmei">Emperor Kinmei</a>, the 29th emperor according to traditional historiography, is the first monarch for whom verifiable regnal dates can be assigned. </li> <li id="cite_note-Hashim-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Hashim_29-0">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hashemites" title="Hashemites">House of Hashim</a> is descended from <a href="/wiki/Banu_Qatada" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Qatada">Banu Qatada</a>, which was a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Alids" title="Alids">House of Ali</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Luxembourg-Nassau-30"><a href="#cite_ref-Luxembourg-Nassau_30-0">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Ducal_Family_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg">House of Luxembourg-Nassau</a> is descended from the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Nassau-Weilburg" title="House of Nassau-Weilburg">House of Nassau-Weilburg</a>, which is a branch of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Nassau" title="House of Nassau">House of Nassau</a> and the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="House of Bourbon-Parma">House of Bourbon-Parma</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Temenggong-31"><a href="#cite_ref-Temenggong_31-0">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Temenggong_of_Johor" title="Temenggong of Johor">Temenggong dynasty</a> is the ruling dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a> and a cadet branch of the <a href="/wiki/Bendahara_dynasty" title="Bendahara dynasty">Bendahara dynasty</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Johor" title="Sultan of Johor">Sultan of Johor</a> is the reigning <a href="/wiki/King_of_Malaysia" title="King of Malaysia">Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Malaysia-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Malaysia_32-0">^</a> The throne of Malaysia rotates among the nine <a href="/wiki/Monarchies_of_Malaysia" title="Monarchies of Malaysia">constituent monarchies of Malaysia</a>, each ruled by a dynasty. The <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a> is elected by the <a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Rulers" title="Conference of Rulers">Conference of Rulers</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Orange-Nassau-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Orange-Nassau_33-0">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange-Nassau" title="House of Orange-Nassau">House of Orange-Nassau</a> is a branch of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Nassau" title="House of Nassau">House of Nassau</a>. Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">Willem-Alexander</a> is also linked to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lippe" title="House of Lippe">House of Lippe</a> through <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands" title="Beatrix of the Netherlands">Beatrix of the Netherlands</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Netherlands-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Netherlands_34-0">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> consists of: <ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/45px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bourbon-Anjou-35"><a href="#cite_ref-Bourbon-Anjou_35-0">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon-Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Bourbon-Anjou">House of Bourbon-Anjou</a> is a branch of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Nahyan-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Nahyan_36-0">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Al_Nahyan_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Nahyan family">House of Nahyan</a> is the ruling dynasty of the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Abu_Dhabi" title="Emirate of Abu Dhabi">Emirate of Abu Dhabi</a>. The Emir of Abu Dhabi is the incumbent <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="President of the United Arab Emirates">President of the United Arab Emirates</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-UAE-37"><a href="#cite_ref-UAE_37-0">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="President of the United Arab Emirates">President of the United Arab Emirates</a> is elected by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Council" title="Federal Supreme Council">Federal Supreme Council</a>. The office has been held by the Emir of <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Abu_Dhabi" title="Emirate of Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a> since the formation of the United Arab Emirates in AD 1971. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Year authoritarian system began </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dynasty&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/dynasty" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/dynasty">dynasty</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-OED-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OED_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OED_1-1">b</a> Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed. "dynasty, n." <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> (Oxford), 1897. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVan_CoppennolleSmith2023" class="citation journal cs1">Van Coppennolle, Brenda; Smith, Daniel (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/lqsgoid620klgmi/vanCoppenolle-Smith-DynastiesHPE-final_draft.pdf?dl=0">"Dynasties in Historical Political Economy"</a> (PDF). The Oxford Handbook of Historical Political Economy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145645/https://www.dropbox.com/s/lqsgoid620klgmi/vanCoppenolle-Smith-DynastiesHPE-final_draft.pdf?dl=0">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 20 September 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Historical+Political+Economy&rft.atitle=Dynasties+in+Historical+Political+Economy&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Van+Coppennolle&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft.au=Smith%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dropbox.com%2Fs%2Flqsgoid620klgmi%2FvanCoppenolle-Smith-DynastiesHPE-final_draft.pdf%3Fdl%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADynasty" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=dynasty">"dynasty"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=dynasty&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Ddynasty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADynasty" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED2-4"><a href="#cite_ref-OED2_4-0">^</a> Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed. "house, n.1 and int, 10. b." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-inforce-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inforce_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inforce_5-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-statement/Commons/2015-03-26/HCWS490/">Statement by Nick Clegg MP, UK parliament website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160705020637/http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-statement/Commons/2015-03-26/HCWS490/">Archived</a> 5 July 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 26 March 2015 (retrieved on same date). </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-6"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20100312144516/http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4426171.stm">"Monaco royal taken seriously ill"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 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<h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastie" title="Dinastie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dinastie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastie" title="Dynastie – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Dynastie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9" title="سلالة حاكمة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلالة حاكمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91emo%C3%B1anga" title="Ñemoñanga – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñemoñanga" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xan%C9%99dan" title="Xanədan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xanədan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="خاندان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خاندان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94ng-ti%C3%A2u" title="Ông-tiâu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ông-tiâu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Династия – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Династия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Дынастыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дынастыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastiya" title="Dinastiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Dinastiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Династия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Династия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastie" title="Dynastie – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Dynastie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastija" title="Dinastija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dinastija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierniezh" title="Tierniezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tierniezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia" title="Dinastia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dinastia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastie" title="Dynastie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dynastie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynasti" title="Dynasti – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dynasti" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastie" title="Dynastie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dynastie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCnastia" title="Dünastia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Dünastia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Δυναστεία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυναστεία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa" title="Dinastía – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dinastía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastio" title="Dinastio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dinastio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia" title="Dinastia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dinastia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دودمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دودمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastie" title="Dynastie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dynastie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dynasty" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa" title="Dinastía – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dinastía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%99%95%EC%A1%B0" title="왕조 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="왕조" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6" title="राजवंश – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राजवंश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastija" title="Dinastija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dinastija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastio" title="Dinastio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Dinastio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangsa" title="Wangsa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wangsa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konungs%C3%A6tt" title="Konungsætt – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Konungsætt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia" title="Dinastia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dinastia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%AA" title="שושלת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שושלת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Династия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Династия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasaba" title="Nasaba – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nasaba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Династия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Династия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastia" title="Dynastia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Dynastia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastija" title="Dinastija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dinastija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastija" title="Dinastija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dinastija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasztia" title="Dinasztia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dinasztia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Династија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Династија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="രാജവംശം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രാജവംശം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="დინასტია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დინასტია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangsa" title="Wangsa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wangsa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Династи – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Династи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastie" title="Dynastie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dynastie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6" title="वंश – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वंश" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="王朝 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="王朝" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynasti" title="Dynasti – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dynasti" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynasti" title="Dynasti – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dynasti" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia" title="Dinastia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dinastia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulola" title="Sulola – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sulola" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D9%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="راج ٹبر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="راج ٹبر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastia" title="Dynastia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dynastia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia" title="Dinastia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dinastia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastiya" title="Dinastiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Dinastiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastie" title="Dinastie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dinastie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Династия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Династия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia" title="Dinastia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dinastia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dynasty" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%BE%D9%8A_%DA%AF%DA%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%BB%D9%88" title="شاھي گھراڻو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="شاھي گھراڻو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastia" title="Dynastia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dynastia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladarska_rodbina" title="Vladarska rodbina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vladarska rodbina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="خانەدان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خانەدان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Династија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Династија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastija" title="Dinastija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dinastija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallitsijasuku" title="Hallitsijasuku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hallitsijasuku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynasti" title="Dynasti – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dynasti" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastiya" title="Dinastiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dinastiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="அரசமரபு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அரசமரபு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C" title="ราชวงศ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชวงศ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Сулола – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сулола" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanedan" title="Hanedan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hanedan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Династія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Династія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81" title="شاہی سلسلہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شاہی سلسلہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia" title="Dinastia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Dinastia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri%E1%BB%81u_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i" title="Triều đại – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Triều đại" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastiya" title="Dinastiya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dinastiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E4%BB%A3" title="朝代 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="朝代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E4%BB%A3" title="朝代 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="朝代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanedani" title="Xanedani – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Xanedani" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E4%BB%A3" title="朝代 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="朝代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 November 2024, at 11:11 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-d7pw2","wgBackendResponseTime":194,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.064","walltime":"1.403","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11704,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":123849,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":31488,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":16,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":123820,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1128.318 1 -total"," 25.65% 289.462 2 Template:Reflist"," 19.10% 215.514 85 Template:Flag"," 11.12% 125.491 28 Template:Efn"," 10.97% 123.795 1 Template:Politics"," 10.67% 120.342 1 Template:Politics_series_sidebar"," 10.46% 118.032 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 9.45% 106.649 1 Template:Langx"," 8.67% 97.785 1 Template:Notelist"," 7.87% 88.759 3 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