CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134d70b1eab8819',cH: 'DlyWtW6jZP_nfG.4nbMtz0TGaJOl3I_7zIAPm4zS6pc-1739785478-1.2.1.1-jLE_ieTj2mZw2rXA5i7PZHq0t.BY1j07xSF82GEKPQVqY1XxYFkhCCD54vdXapWJ',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=B.%20Gibbes&__cf_chl_tk=xMBSjr2WOyLAe9GiJz9MT3eo78X3fOclQ50PfoEQYRM-1739785478-1.0.1.1-PM6BDcEOPJW0bdvRY5gD6aNPV1H3RR2Fs8CoIo9CDtI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739785478',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=B.%20Gibbes&__cf_chl_f_tk=xMBSjr2WOyLAe9GiJz9MT3eo78X3fOclQ50PfoEQYRM-1739785478-1.0.1.1-PM6BDcEOPJW0bdvRY5gD6aNPV1H3RR2Fs8CoIo9CDtI",md: "Lc1qEqigUA3KwcfnVl7INC.Nv0r7ooS7hKdRykg4gwU-1739785478-1.2.1.1-hy1aCgrwRJoPOdO_WfusJGFRLPbf._jL_q8UejR88UtDOarnWx9.7PeITWjkyhK8xLmwHhcR3AUDYQKj1Cw.3BwF2Yb6TjlnZzIYH2CTtqsWCXK4x_p.XR.wWfbP_U1rBAq9IO2V3tnXt6IWmP8vvpJ0v9ZS8ZJxLBPHbKsW5AVKIQGROW3hpR2sleDb.tTWoZN57BeBeM9mjqbKZ9PY9vCore3xxEe8dDQfYRCsOCysBF2YBEwnAHQeKXxlonlpCKei3hO.vLonnACezOP2jEy26qW_eSVsTv2uIOtds5aKwaTINItI3iM8dZsrRAVrrVb0J65n1lgawSw4NJGuHavi8_NfOq3pX7zlMGRlRH.yu.qXCF8eHGBSFzB7BESfUvrHglvQyX9fm5UamlE8K4VaC9lZ4mxVj0ihhRSMDKHF.UQM6BD3MkR93adxLp.2qk4gNpNbR1JvWb1.M6RWbQfRIkDtNHdXkvxZDU5RdQ9H0IWaIlo.pg2LNYXCFDOd1NbhvUF95jGurw20nkwS9AzAVur6sodXGrWib.qXrTnc8lwOGH7sbCVtvfQPbR.vpie864wtV9LN2x7l_zwsIiOBT.q7UY3aKgIxf5YvGJ4GGJSt.EHl5fV.ojz2nvWbrguUy71hqDOO7m64yPhNuNg.OsJeJPHQBBlU405YVUalU3BNqiLrTdGrDtDVzM_l9PN_szlmJMSFXC_0orggOya6u.tEOBeXjCUrev5Ep73ziS1N3O9q1eps0q.0lukz.PH1VY683Rd9yXiqcC_Iia5xcsa.39z_hYXVgjQXV1vALz_mCfgb_LEvEZgl2F7Ljafyj9sgskBaFPveGpdigQOpA268K6aQ_Qn8Bte44H7C6ZXvrdqnMQzKMtVAS125wGrfYMkmBKl4rw6PEXR8k_YTo3rNs5gS47_9pbpWOOg3Mpw6yb07BZhDArZnNSOc2u4fhEUcg04ntsUKNj1hqiar1T1GMp7gKiK8M1TKpv6_7rU4GZWu3eVJOa_q10K5B7ok8_NPiJusjDa62YNFyTO4rNeEdBVncRIe0n016TQYiwezyOVNvtLlf6F92mD_8xqr7u.J0IOWaETFgqJIdvfkIwzOOr0a9qjOJKEJHWZAl8zoj3Ef.3QkToq66RI1aleM5FAYcyaVOdoV_ixRn2ant4GTLkIJ.gRX8NcCtDvyIjbcbDhkg7bmQ6DtoHy.cCR0dtOOzw_kjstrd97m7gSr7Syo9kxSDyRJmtotTbt8QwzYUriASNToSEhbmdZnNg2CllvlXgZ5amzaa3Z83i0J375dj1cvDPZHjpWHxFZV8sl5xYBX9bfFxuGhbSnHiwAZXm5C7llPUGN.RkUSJhIE6ByNJfpPwVp2xZrH_vY3iuitwJ.dVElsgVQjvTvRBB5_NH2SQMzId4N.ILnweYr916f0vk3yL9n.s8CcdMA5QDVHoremg7mjHrHkv8iDyBpcDP8Tycw2sm9HYGx7tDjMam7g_ABomiOwDVBa8HmwrIXpHKnBunHmw.8yNgyZwCX6bEG1Bvm9I2.SD7BYKa1oARzqpixguxrOm8nuX99M2Biw7zbPo1xB0JMxk4PHaheRNlOldX9EvmdHitajsRpMjQRonKkrY0fpZmzOHAIVpn_EeqBZudarG4l2C3yTE9RayYAXzBxktiallN7E8.eYq7.t21..cqpe5dw1djpJZIodXMo957DFCFq_F3s897koaGetijP6GxAKOsWqQv4yi.G.yTaNz7tTRaFWkAIzv9RPRmgrZ0CrkU2_pFa4HOo._t.lNsa1UQN7LyimhZwI84tpM5qBbVsFmbLRNy7Cvw9urJOkVdaWd2EB8ZwcaazGq0ri9oAhzHKdBFF9_hdnmcRzANdcOtE0TRtK6DUf4m2cjpYtzaIvOeQsB4Ys707AwGpo5NC9gXgfdBheHA",mdrd: "gFA5Sj_y1WWv.n0rJbeLt08E.OTcwvEbGHxAQxEAzOo-1739785478-1.2.1.1-GIUr18mGLmABh04xNIP5iVmDvklfHt9CqxXB.HREs41NmO3iFaIn_kzIzWuBpQ9LJjIRs9uv1MOCA3ATpfeaJvBrBN1KkLSt3utirocQs4fCA7dz2JUKGDOGGVzC6at9oMnScs29BUUk.v_PPZe5ktfMSM42_vng17XDlW.My_K1hriJrKGGvyStChD0wdO8XxSJs_tARqSg2Ec9LsH6ebi.Dgu6.pyUrjoybKydP0QPipnAL3WZT7KXfcGtxapGKjWpI8ZK5LShQyB3mM4.7uKjx8TdL9PT_8zIl5QhwfgpW.LnSB6PceazvFNFGZeBnVMl1IQD20PNYucCCCbKPfqrv2XX76MrnNjO5tOicGsWNFFd6dyLLZIXiJlHVqLyMOqzDnOnv_zEPIYaUqr1K60sq6C3mOvvSGw4BngHPT_aw7Fdr181zTxICJYVHfXxhT9ZnTEuGTW2Sek07RJxTH7Q3EdSQVFyklR3CQWFdy9PiCVdgVO.n0UTqmw_lp99geoaCd0VEpbgdKouPY2c5Su6dOW9xMfH3ZMVxYvoiBA.XiZo06gt5EkFS8O34vMPmP3y_mQUh8L7v3Kh6XPMenNl4VWQhW7s.SDeF3.HumqU2khEHTIsB39.AoM8ttghzqLvaUucja.o9KPX6aUwHMrUYykweAeCPva6JXlaAAt53lt9Pbf2hmtcx2ayUwGghR4_OQZtvOyfERnbT5jkkI7WF9ic.4pZx82RfdFiJFAB_ntBQR4nrho1U9.XJJPANAQrIIMC5DpT3kkvdBdZT10.HzlHgwU_4JOwlmnML9sS6Xh9ws2b7ym9wYwExgkbeu7fvpFLtxenojmODP0CmrqLsdOwEPDHaYjV2M1gdcSEKuVouWJkzlb7StdFP0h_blwJ665pvjhkNqhm1xT9xbZmyf_eADoj_NC2XWn3rJlPKuJBLuH1yrMQnBcOs.8aRaOmdZRo5d1tx0rEQYicDKDab2J1Yw.WHRkkHR9p7ZeMOalBeCjFpVIwYaYIrKNBldCMuItKR3Py0GvbN9qntREU3xpRUDWkTSOV38RrIUySazzjmsQbJ.2K3btfkuLo9BX4Y8ky7P1eB09HD.MZcIjChifDcupsLmaJRZRuwrBfSiAQ41SyWclYczfOLfdLdXF._URnoA8hX92kUItxuE4ZhCdm9Rw0jkA4zjbvCe0VquhkEoD2cENZy45Gs4Qf2Rt4b1qsjbTrDo3Wu8Ro8P1uYv211xMjOH2szweURlT3ugC.3BaIxjDMVpIzZcNNAMMCQRxuS7OZzdVU8YDPy_5rvOVBX71RFG.HTDwpB7sZcAlHFovrFjpjFDyR6Zjo9tikocAyQCquzoP8vDnA7NxW8vuStbzgwFhS4YoiHK9VNMyrq.50o4ZBLNNsEBACXGeNmXcsgjlg_1jcz9lRSLwpLlS7iee3ruf.JJ6mue7me25eAt3zSrR.jM0P1v8jzJXt67tUxJOIaqDPemdT_0BkL47gSCE4qWMCSVZNjTC9RGba8pihQMv9mfIq2wQ789kAruF6KaX3kMtc.kIkhb8JQHaDHVphzZ2.GwBuzOGbwPwiDzbT84GGBA4sMmjSQwNxWLtVDzgmItGrsuj_FtRjZBX6z5qV5DNmpDwwvdPC5T9ZOs.QQ0ZzB2Uk4kaQCScA_rXPjWM953bZf2QGe.2XQXAsWDAfZcF.MFoJMw3DM9eKMyftHb8TFM4yl6puvFMtqQyMBXVEMXIu_fDfQywLCx6N2fCdg_fpOKsoMLRK24QGO7RUJGxYm2JXVgoH_yDh1rJVPteBeE9RiYbqZeUPC4yjz9iXHm2NS0u1pEq.CYnE3b1QHAqk4dbrKE0rV7Ost_mtqfdH4nBuX07MCHoj0BWgo2evIoHhHlKYbrnjXVVcNs9RHZ75leCYaU1KRMwHoroO2nNaeiCSk9vUgENqGCXiekVEteGcFC48bWxg5mbZlh5D.oDlRwoNjX6uN62ZUwSJe3o2PcqreTXUOQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134d70b1eab8819';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=B.%20Gibbes&__cf_chl_rt_tk=xMBSjr2WOyLAe9GiJz9MT3eo78X3fOclQ50PfoEQYRM-1739785478-1.0.1.1-PM6BDcEOPJW0bdvRY5gD6aNPV1H3RR2Fs8CoIo9CDtI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>