CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en-GB"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>EU & Competition Law | Legal Experts - Watson Farley & Williams</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1"> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True"> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="320"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="SKYPE_TOOLBAR" content="SKYPE_TOOLBAR_PARSER_COMPATIBLE"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/apple-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/apple-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/apple-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/apple-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/apple-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/apple-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/apple-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/apple-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/apple-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/android-icon-36x36.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/android-icon-48x48.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/android-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/android-icon-96x96.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/android-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/android-icon-192x192.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/favicon-96x96.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/ms-icon-70x70.png"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/ms-icon-144x144.png"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/ms-icon-150x150.png"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/images/favicon/ms-icon-310x310.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade"> <style type="text/css"> @font-face{ font-family:"Calibri W06"; src:url("/wp-content/themes/wfw/Fonts/17c31e5c-5784-4ae6-8cec-a6caed2afd3f.woff2") format("woff2"),url("/wp-content/themes/wfw/Fonts/0555dc6b-1bb5-4cdc-8975-756197067e95.woff") format("woff"); font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; } @font-face{ font-family:"Calibri W06"; src:url("/wp-content/themes/wfw/Fonts/fdf371b8-1ed3-4c8c-a647-5c57f889f586.woff2") format("woff2"),url("/wp-content/themes/wfw/Fonts/42f91b8c-9815-4407-a659-bd79b1104da2.woff") format("woff"); font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-display: swap; } @font-face{ font-family:"Calibri W06"; src:url("/wp-content/themes/wfw/Fonts/69222be9-c9d5-4171-b3cd-f4c1697d4e75.woff2") format("woff2"),url("/wp-content/themes/wfw/Fonts/ac71c358-4cfa-4488-a823-3d4a086ab35c.woff") format("woff"); font-weight: 700; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; } @font-face{ font-family:"Calibri W06"; src:url("/wp-content/themes/wfw/Fonts/d3a0bdd1-8fef-4e49-a808-6bf63cc5ffd0.woff2") format("woff2"),url("/wp-content/themes/wfw/Fonts/f29d2fec-cc28-4d35-88a0-7c81385c6e79.woff") format("woff"); font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; } @font-face{ font-family:"Futura W01"; src:url("/wp-content/themes/wfw/Fonts/e17c7943-8db2-4470-9e2a-74a8d01f6776.woff2") format("woff2"),url("/wp-content/themes/wfw/Fonts/6c72b0cb-89a1-4da9-8574-9244967bd9d6.woff") format("woff"); font-weight: 500; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; } </style> <script type="text/javascript"> var MTIProjectId='54fe8e95-c4e4-4fc9-99d3-d3c4e67621f9'; (function() { var mtiTracking = document.createElement('script'); mtiTracking.type='text/javascript'; mtiTracking.async='true'; mtiTracking.src='mtiFontTrackingCode.js'; (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild( mtiTracking ); })(); </script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } gtag("consent", "default", { ad_user_data: "denied", ad_personalization: "denied", ad_storage: "denied", analytics_storage: "denied", functionality_storage: "denied", personalization_storage: "denied", security_storage: "granted", wait_for_update: 500, }); gtag("set", "ads_data_redaction", true); gtag("set", "url_passthrough", true); </script> <script> (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'}); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l !== 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f);})( window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-WPBXG42' ); </script> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <meta name="description" content="Providing practical advice on all aspects of competition law & related regulation, helping you avoid activities that might put you at risk." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.wfw.com/services/regulatory-competition/eu-competition/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="EU and Competition" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Providing practical advice on all aspects of competition law & related regulation, helping you avoid activities that might put you at risk." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.wfw.com/services/regulatory-competition/eu-competition/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Watson Farley & Williams" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/watsonfarleywilliams" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-09-05T15:54:59+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Feaure-Staircase-shutterstock_101883724.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1920" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@WFW_LLP" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Estimated reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="1 minute" />  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//hcaptcha.com' /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.wfw.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=6.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wpcf7-redirect-script-frontend-css' href='https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/wpcf7-redirect/build/css/wpcf7-redirect-frontend.min.css?ver=1.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='search-filter-plugin-styles-css' href='https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/search-filter-pro/public/assets/css/search-filter.min.css?ver=2.5.19' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tjldesigns-css-main-css' href='https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/style.css?ver=1731919598' media='' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tjldesigns-css-aos-css' href='https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/js/aos.css?ver=1.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fancybox-css' href='https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/easy-fancybox/fancybox/1.5.4/jquery.fancybox.css?ver=1732368251' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tablepress-default-css' href='https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/tablepress-combined.min.css?ver=530' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tablepress-responsive-tables-css' href='https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/tablepress-responsive-tables/css/tablepress-responsive.min.css?ver=1.8' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/3912" /><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wfw.com%2Fservices%2Fregulatory-competition%2Feu-competition%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.wfw.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wfw.com%2Fservices%2Fregulatory-competition%2Feu-competition%2F&format=xml" />  <script type="application/ld+json">[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"WPHeader","url":"https:\/\/www.wfw.com\/services\/regulatory-competition\/eu-competition\/","headline":"EU and Competition","description":"Our team understands all aspects of competition law and related regulation. This expertise and experience enables us to..."},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"WPFooter","url":"https:\/\/www.wfw.com\/services\/regulatory-competition\/eu-competition\/","headline":"EU and Competition","description":"Our team understands all aspects of competition law and related regulation. This expertise and experience enables us to...","copyrightYear":"2019"}]</script>  <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.wfw.com\/services\/regulatory-competition\/eu-competition\/"},"url":"https:\/\/www.wfw.com\/services\/regulatory-competition\/eu-competition\/","headline":"EU and Competition","datePublished":"2019-05-01T11:56:28+01:00","dateModified":"2023-09-05T16:54:59+01:00","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.wfw.com\/#organization","name":"Watson Farley & Williams","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/dev2.wfw.temporarywebsiteaddress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/logo-wfw.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wfw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Feaure-Staircase-shutterstock_101883724.jpg","width":1920,"height":1200},"description":"Our team understands all aspects of competition law and related regulation. This expertise and experience enables us to help our clients avoid activities that might put their business at risk, especially when such advice is taken at an early stage. In our core markets of energy and transport, complex","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sam Abreo","url":"https:\/\/www.wfw.com\/author\/sam-abreo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1eaa484b9c78c6a4916b7c0052319696?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.wfw.com"]}}</script> <style> .h-captcha{position:relative;display:block;margin-bottom:2rem;padding:0;clear:both}.h-captcha[data-size="normal"]{width:303px;height:78px}.h-captcha[data-size="compact"]{width:164px;height:144px}.h-captcha[data-size="invisible"]{display:none}.h-captcha::before{content:'';display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;background:url(https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/hcaptcha-for-forms-and-more/assets/images/hcaptcha-div-logo.svg) no-repeat;border:1px solid #fff0;border-radius:4px}.h-captcha[data-size="normal"]::before{width:300px;height:74px;background-position:94% 28%}.h-captcha[data-size="compact"]::before{width:156px;height:136px;background-position:50% 79%}.h-captcha[data-theme="light"]::before,body.is-light-theme .h-captcha[data-theme="auto"]::before,.h-captcha[data-theme="auto"]::before{background-color:#fafafa;border:1px solid #e0e0e0}.h-captcha[data-theme="dark"]::before,body.is-dark-theme .h-captcha[data-theme="auto"]::before,html.wp-dark-mode-active .h-captcha[data-theme="auto"]::before,html.drdt-dark-mode .h-captcha[data-theme="auto"]::before{background-image:url(https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/hcaptcha-for-forms-and-more/assets/images/hcaptcha-div-logo-white.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-color:#333;border:1px solid #f5f5f5}.h-captcha[data-size="invisible"]::before{display:none}.h-captcha iframe{position:relative}div[style*="z-index: 2147483647"] div[style*="border-width: 11px"][style*="position: absolute"][style*="pointer-events: none"]{border-style:none} </style>  <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "item": { "@id": "https://www.wfw.com", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "item": { "@id": "https://www.wfw.com/services/", "name": "Services" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "item": { "@id": "https://www.wfw.com/services/regulatory-competition/", "name": "Regulatory and Competition" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "item": { "@id": "https://www.wfw.com/services/regulatory-competition/eu-competition/", "name": "EU and Competition", "image": "https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Feaure-Staircase-shutterstock_101883724.jpg" } } ] }</script> <style> span[data-name="hcap-cf7"] .h-captcha{margin-bottom:0}span[data-name="hcap-cf7"]~input[type="submit"],span[data-name="hcap-cf7"]~button[type="submit"]{margin-top:2rem} </style> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> .page-id-30074 .careers_jobs_holder .searchandfilter > ul > li:last-child { float: none; } .dataTables_paginate a { color: #115e67 !important; } p.custom-indent { text-indent:60px; } .postid-38147 #people_left h1 { font: bold 2em/110% 'Calibri W06', Arial, sans-serif; } .postid-38147 #people_right h4 { font-family: 'Calibri W06', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.15em; } @media (max-width: 420px) { .postid-38147 #people_left h1 { font-size: 1.3em; } } </style> <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="statistics"> (function(c,l,a,r,i,t,y){ c[a]=c[a]||function(){(c[a].q=c[a].q||[]).push(arguments)}; t=l.createElement(r);t.async=1;t.src="https://www.clarity.ms/tag/"+i; y=l.getElementsByTagName(r)[0];y.parentNode.insertBefore(t,y); })(window, document, "clarity", "script", "cq3cwbyorb"); </script>  <script type="text/javascript">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WPBXG42');</script>  <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="marketing">!function(r){var i=document.createElement("img");i.setAttribute("src","//wfw.vuture.net/security/tracker.gif?referer="+encodeURIComponent(r))}(document.referrer);</script> </head> <body data-rsssl=1 class="page-template page-template-template-sector-services page-template-template-sector-services-php page page-id-3912 page-child parent-pageid-847 eu-competition">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WPBXG42" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div id="mc-overall-wrapper"> <header id="header_main" role="banner" class="header_main_white"> <a href="#" id="menu-expertise" class="menu-icon">Expertise</a> <a href="#" id="menu-main" class="menu-icon">Menu</a> <a href="https://www.wfw.com/" id="logo_wfw">Watson Farley & Williams</a> <form name="search_form" role="search" method="get" class="search_form" action="/search/" autocomplete="off"> <input type="text" class="search_form_text" name="_sf_s" placeholder="Search" id="input_keyword"> <input type="submit" value="Search" class="search_form_submit"> </form> </header> <div id="menu_hide_content"> <section role="main" class="clearfix"> <div id="sector_services_wrapper"> <div id="sector_services_banner_holder" class="sector_services_banner_holder_white"> <div id="sector_services_banner_overflow"><div id="sector_services_banner" class="post_banner_react" style="background-image: url(https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Feaure-Staircase-shutterstock_101883724.jpg);"></div></div> <div id="sector_services_banner_h1"> <div class="container"> <div id="sector_services_banner_h1_table"> <div id="sector_services_banner_h1_cell"> <h1>EU and Competition</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> <span class="glide_focus_menu" id="sector_services_meet_team_sticky"><a href="#sector_services_team" id="sector_services_meet_team" class="navy">Meet the team</a></span> </div> <div class="container clearfix"> <div id="sector_services_left" class="clearfix"> <div id="people_menu" class="sector_services_top_menu glide_focus_menu clearfix"> <nav role="navigation"> <ul> <li><a href="#sector_services_info" class="active">Summary</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div id="people_menu_mob" class="glide_focus_menu"> <a id="people_menu_mob_toggle" href="#">More information</a> <div id="people_menu_mob_reveal"> <nav role="navigation"> <ul> <li><a href="#sector_services_info">Summary</a></li> <li><a href="#sector_services_team">Meet the team</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="sector_services_info"> <h2 id="sector_services_info_h2" class="h3_styler">Long experience of applying competition law means our advice is practical and designed to mitigate risk. </h2> <div id="sector_services_info_capped"> <div class="post_wysiwyg"> <p>Our team understands all aspects of competition law and related regulation. This expertise and experience enables us to help our clients avoid activities that might put their business at risk, especially when such advice is taken at an early stage.</p> <p>In our core markets of <a href="https://www.wfw.com/sectors/energy/"><strong>energy</strong> </a>and <a href="https://www.wfw.com/sectors/transport/"><strong>transport</strong></a>, complex statutory regulation is interwoven with competition law, which creates further compliance challenges. Our work covers international merger control, behavioural anti-trust work, competition investigations, both at EU and national level, commercial agreements (including set up of distribution networks, agency arrangements, vertical pricing issues and horizontal co-operation), State Aid, EU and competition law litigation (both regulatory litigation and damages actions) and compliance programmes and training.</p> <p>We represent clients before national authorities and the EU Commission in competition and regulatory investigations, as well as in litigation before national and EU courts.</p> </div> <div id="sector_services_experience_desktop"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="sector_services_submenu"> <nav role="navigation"><div class="sector_services_submenu"><ul><li class="page_item page-item-3926"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/regulatory-competition/environment-health-safety/">Environment, Health and Safety</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3912 current_page_item"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/regulatory-competition/eu-competition/" aria-current="page">EU and Competition</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-35242"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/regulatory-competition/financial-services-regulation/">Financial Services Regulation</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3914"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/regulatory-competition/regulatory/">Regulatory</a></li> </ul></div><ul class="sector_services_submenu_back"><li class="page_item page-item-847 current_page_ancestor current_page_parent"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/regulatory-competition/">< Back to Regulatory and Competition</a></li> </ul></nav> </div> </div> </div> <div id="home_insights" class="home_insights_archive"> <div class="container clearfix"> <h2>Insights</h2> <ol><li class="article_1"><div class="home_features_col"><article><div class="home_features_col_img"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/articles/eu-ets-and-fuel-eu-maritime-compliance-toolkit/"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Containers-shutterstock_708817909-1-e1564129237524.jpg" alt=""></a></div><span class="header_tiny header_tiny_type">Article</span><h3 class="h3_styler"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/articles/eu-ets-and-fuel-eu-maritime-compliance-toolkit/">EU ETS and Fuel EU Maritime Regulation (FEMREG) Compliance Toolkit</a></h3></article></div></li><li class="article_2"><div class="home_features_col"><article><div class="home_features_col_img"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/articles/the-csddd-and-civil-liability-expanding-the-reach-of-eu-courts/"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Corporate-ESG.jpg" alt=""></a></div><span class="header_tiny header_tiny_type">Article</span><h3 class="h3_styler"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/articles/the-csddd-and-civil-liability-expanding-the-reach-of-eu-courts/">The CSDDD and Civil Liability: Expanding the reach of EU Courts</a></h3></article></div></li><li class="article_3"><div class="home_features_col"><article><div class="home_features_col_img"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/articles/i-have-a-bad-feeling-about-this-if-you-thought-eu-ets-is-complicated-meet-femreg-europes-new-low-carbon-fuels-law-for-shipping/"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Campaign-Maritime-Webinar-Series-Website-Insights.jpg" alt=""></a></div><span class="header_tiny header_tiny_type">Article</span><h3 class="h3_styler"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/articles/i-have-a-bad-feeling-about-this-if-you-thought-eu-ets-is-complicated-meet-femreg-europes-new-low-carbon-fuels-law-for-shipping/">I have a bad feeling about this… If you thought EU ETS is complicated, meet FEMREG – Europe’s new low carbon fuels law for shipping</a></h3></article></div></li></ol> <p id="sector_services_articles_all"><a href="/insights/?_sft_service=eu-competition" class="button_outline">View all insights</a></p> </div> </div> <div id="sector_services_team"> <div class="container clearfix"> <div id="sector_services_team_holder"> <h2 class="sector_services_team_desktop">Meet the team</h2> <h2 class="sector_services_team_mobile">Key contacts</h2> <div id="sector_services_ctas" class="clearfix"> <div class="sector_services_toggle_menu"> <a href="#" class="sector_services_toggle" id="sector_services_people_toggle">All offices</a> <nav role="navigation" class="sector_services_menu"> <ul><li><a href="?office=33#sector_services_team">France</a><ul><li><a href="?office=12#sector_services_team">Paris</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="?office=34#sector_services_team">Germany</a><ul><li><a href="?office=692#sector_services_team">Düsseldorf</a></li><li><a href="?office=2#sector_services_team">Hamburg</a></li><li><a href="?office=13#sector_services_team">Munich</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="?office=35#sector_services_team">Greece</a><ul><li><a href="?office=10#sector_services_team">Athens</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="?office=38#sector_services_team">Italy</a><ul><li><a href="?office=17#sector_services_team">Rome</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="?office=37#sector_services_team">Spain</a><ul><li><a href="?office=22#sector_services_team">Madrid</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="?office=36#sector_services_team">United Kingdom</a><ul><li><a href="?office=11#sector_services_team">London</a></li></ul></li></ul> </nav> </div> <a href="/people/?_sft_service=eu-competition" class="button_outline">View the whole team</a> </div> <div id="sector_services_team_scroller_margin_adjust"> <div id="sector_services_team_scroller"> <article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/john-ahern/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/John-Ahern-1.jpg" alt="John Ahern"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/john-ahern/">John<br>Ahern</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Partner <span>London</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/john-ahern/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/christine-bader/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Dr-Christine-Bader-1.jpg" alt="Dr Christine Bader"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/christine-bader/">Dr Christine<br>Bader</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Partner <span>Hamburg</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/christine-bader/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/laurent-battoue/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Laurent-Battoue-1.jpg" alt="Laurent Battoue"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/laurent-battoue/">Laurent<br>Battoue</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Partner <span>Paris</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/laurent-battoue/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/christian-bauer/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Dr-Christian-Bauer-1.jpg" alt="Dr Christian Bauer"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/christian-bauer/">Dr Christian<br>Bauer</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Partner <span>Munich</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/christian-bauer/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/maximilian-boemke/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Dr-F.-Maximilian-Boemke-1.jpg" alt="Dr F. Maximilian Boemke"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/maximilian-boemke/">Dr F. Maximilian<br>Boemke</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Partner <span>Hamburg</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/maximilian-boemke/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/david-diez/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/David-Diez-1.jpg" alt="David Diez"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/david-diez/">David<br>Diez</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Partner <span>Madrid</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/david-diez/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/dimitris-giomelakis/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Dimitris-Giomelakis-1.jpg" alt="Dimitris Giomelakis"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/dimitris-giomelakis/">Dimitris<br>Giomelakis</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Partner <span>Athens</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/dimitris-giomelakis/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/solange-leandro/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Solange-Leandro-1.jpg" alt="Solange Leandro"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/solange-leandro/">Solange <br>Leandro</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Partner <span>London</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/solange-leandro/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/simon-ovenden/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Simon-Ovenden-1.jpg" alt="Simon Ovenden"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/simon-ovenden/">Simon <br>Ovenden </a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Partner <span>London</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/simon-ovenden/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/arnaud-troizier/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Arnaud-Troizier-1.jpg" alt="Arnaud Troizier"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/arnaud-troizier/">Arnaud<br>Troizier</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Partner <span>Paris</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/arnaud-troizier/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/lucien-rapp/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Lucien-Rapp-1.jpg" alt="Lucien Rapp"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/lucien-rapp/">Lucien<br>Rapp</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Senior Consultant <span>Paris</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/lucien-rapp/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/philippe-ruttley/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Philippe-Ruttley-1.jpg" alt="Philippe Ruttley"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/philippe-ruttley/">Philippe<br>Ruttley</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Senior Advisor <span>London</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/philippe-ruttley/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/antoine-bois-minot/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Antoine-Bois-Minot-1.jpg" alt="Antoine Bois-Minot"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/antoine-bois-minot/">Antoine<br>Bois-Minot</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Counsel <span>Paris</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/antoine-bois-minot/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/ariane-massonnaud/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Ariane-Massonnaud-1.jpg" alt="Ariane Massonnaud"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/ariane-massonnaud/">Ariane<br>Massonnaud</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Counsel <span>Paris</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/ariane-massonnaud/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/norbert-schleper/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Norbert-Schleper-1.jpg" alt="Norbert Schleper"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/norbert-schleper/">Norbert<br>Schleper</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Counsel <span>Düsseldorf</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/norbert-schleper/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/vasso-koumpli/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Vasso-Koumpli-1.jpg" alt="Vasso Koumpli"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/vasso-koumpli/">Vasso<br>Koumpli</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Senior Associate <span>Athens</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/vasso-koumpli/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/michele-laterza/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Michele-Laterza-1.jpg" alt="Michele Laterza"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/michele-laterza/">Michele<br>Laterza</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Senior Associate <span>Rome</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/michele-laterza/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/alejandro-martinez/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Alejandro-Martinez-1.jpg" alt="Alejandro Martínez"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/alejandro-martinez/">Alejandro<br>Martínez</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Senior Associate <span>Madrid</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/alejandro-martinez/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/juliana-brandao-marques/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Juliana-Brandao-Marques-1.jpg" alt="Juliana Brandao Marques"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/juliana-brandao-marques/">Juliana<br>Brandao Marques</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Associate <span>Paris</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/juliana-brandao-marques/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/ruwen-fritsche/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Ruwen-Fritsche-1.jpg" alt="Ruwen Fritsche"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/ruwen-fritsche/">Ruwen<br>Fritsche</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Associate <span>Hamburg</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/ruwen-fritsche/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/kayla-gild/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Kayla-Gild-1.jpg" alt="Kayla Gild"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/kayla-gild/">Kayla<br>Gild</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Associate <span>London</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/kayla-gild/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/philipp-kleiner/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Philipp-Kleiner-1.jpg" alt="Dr Philipp Kleiner"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/philipp-kleiner/">Dr Philipp<br>Kleiner</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Associate <span>Hamburg</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/philipp-kleiner/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/paula-perez/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Paula-Perez-1.jpg" alt="Paula Pérez"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/paula-perez/">Paula <br>Pérez</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Associate <span>Madrid</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/paula-perez/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/isabel-rodriguez-de-codes-lopez/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Isabel-Rodriguez-de-Codes-1.jpg" alt="Isabel Rodriguez de Codes López"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/isabel-rodriguez-de-codes-lopez/">Isabel<br>Rodriguez de Codes López</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Associate <span>Madrid</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/isabel-rodriguez-de-codes-lopez/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/iliana-georgia-tsetsa/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Iliana-Tsetsa-1.jpg" alt="Iliana-Georgia Tsetsa"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/iliana-georgia-tsetsa/">Iliana-Georgia <br>Tsetsa</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Associate <span>Athens</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/iliana-georgia-tsetsa/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/hamish-ungless/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Hamish-Ungless-1-1.jpg" alt="Hamish Ungless"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/hamish-ungless/">Hamish<br>Ungless</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Associate <span>London</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/hamish-ungless/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article><article><div class="sector_services_person"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/wiebke-westermann/" class="post_contacts_list_img"><img src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Website-Landscape_Missing-Person-850x574px.jpg" alt="Wiebke Westermann"></a><h3><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/wiebke-westermann/">Wiebke<br>Westermann</a></h3><p class="people_left_stats_job">Associate <span>Hamburg</span></p><p class="people_left_stats_phone"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/people/wiebke-westermann/" class="button_outline">View profile</a></p></div></article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="sector_services_contact"> <div class="container clearfix"> <h2 class="h3_styler">Find out more</h2> <p><a href="/about-us/contact/" class="button_outline">Contact us</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </section> <footer role="contentinfo" id="site_footer"> <div class="container clearfix"> <ul class="social_list"><li class="social_list_linkedin"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/watson-farley-&-williams/" target="_blank">LinkedIn</a></li><li class="social_list_twitter"><a href="https://twitter.com/WFW_LLP" target="_blank">X (Twitter)</a></li><li class="social_list_youtube"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@WFW_LLP" target="_blank">YouTube</a></li><li class="social_list_wechat"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/wechat/" target="_blank">WeChat</a></li></ul> <nav role="navigation" id="footer_menu"> <ul id="menu-footer-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-159" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-159"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/accessibility-compliance/">Accessibility / compliance</a></li> <li id="menu-item-160" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-160"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/privacy/">Privacy notice</a></li> <li id="menu-item-161" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-161"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://subscribe.wfw.com/login/login.aspx">Email preference</a></li> <li id="menu-item-162" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-162"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/legal-and-regulatory/">Legal and regulatory</a></li> <li id="menu-item-163" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-163"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/slavery-and-human-trafficking/">Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking</a></li> <li id="menu-item-164" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-164"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/email-hoax/">Email hoax</a></li> <li id="menu-item-166" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-166"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/cookie-policy/">Cookie policy</a></li> </ul> </nav> <small>© Watson Farley & Williams LLP 2024 <span>Registered office:<br> 15 Appold Street, London, EC2A 2HB, UK. This website constitutes attorney advertising.</span></small> </div> </footer> </div><div class="tjl-overflow-fix"> <div id="menu-main-reveal"> <div class="container clearfix" id="menu-main-reveal-left"> <div id="search_form_mobile"> <form name="search_form" role="search" method="get" class="search_form" action="/search/" autocomplete="off"> <input type="text" class="search_form_text" name="_sf_s" placeholder="Search" id="input_keyword" required> <input type="submit" value="Search" class="search_form_submit"> </form> </div> <div id="menu-main-reveal-left-primary"> <nav role="navigation"> <ul id="menu-main-menu-primary" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-39255" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39255"><a href="/people/">People</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39256" class="menu_open menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-39256"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/about-us/">About Us</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-39314" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-39314"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/about-us/">Overview</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39259" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-39259"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/about-us/diversity-and-inclusion/">Diversity and Inclusion</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39257" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-39257"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/about-us/sustainability/">Sustainability</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-39260" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39260"><a href="/locations/">Locations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39261" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39261"><a href="/careers/">Careers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39262" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-39262"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/about-us/contact/">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div id="menu-main-reveal-left-secondary"> <nav role="navigation"> <ul id="menu-main-menu-secondary" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-39242" class="menu_open menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-39242"><a>Featured</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-39243" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39243"><a href="/gari">Global Aviation Resource Index (GARI)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39244" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39244"><a href="/podcast/countdown-to-cop-financing-and-fuelling-the-future/">COP28 PODCAST SERIES</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39245" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39245"><a href="/reports/the-sustainability-imperative-part-2/">THE SUSTAINABILITY IMPERATIVE</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-39246" class="menu_open menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-39246"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/insights/">Insights</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-39247" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-39247"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/insights/">All Insights</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39248" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39248"><a href="/insights/?_sft_category=articles">Articles</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39249" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39249"><a href="/insights/?_sft_category=awards">Awards</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39250" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39250"><a href="/insights/?_sft_category=events">Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39251" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39251"><a href="/insights/?_sft_category=infocus">Infocus</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39252" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39252"><a href="/insights/?_sft_category=podcast">Podcasts</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39253" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39253"><a href="/insights/?_sft_category=press">Press</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39254" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-39254"><a href="/insights/?_sft_category=reports">Reports</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <ul class="social_list"><li class="social_list_linkedin"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/watson-farley-&-williams/" target="_blank">LinkedIn</a></li><li class="social_list_twitter"><a href="https://twitter.com/WFW_LLP" target="_blank">X (Twitter)</a></li><li class="social_list_youtube"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@WFW_LLP" target="_blank">YouTube</a></li><li class="social_list_wechat"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/wechat/" target="_blank">WeChat</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div id="menu-expertise-reveal"> <div class="container clearfix" id="menu-expertise-col-holder"> <div class="menu-expertise-col"> <h2>Sectors</h2> <nav role="navigation"> <ul class="menu-expertise-parent"> <li class="page_item page-item-785 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/sectors/energy/">Energy</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-797"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/sectors/energy/mining-commodities/">Mining and Commodities</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-833"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/sectors/energy/oil-and-gas/">Oil and Gas</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-835"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/sectors/energy/power/">Power</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-3936"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/sectors/infrastructure/">Infrastructure</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-783 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/sectors/transport/">Transport</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-789 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/sectors/transport/aviation/">Aviation</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-791 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/sectors/transport/maritime/">Maritime</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-793"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/sectors/transport/rail/">Rail</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="menu-expertise-col"> <h2>Services</h2> <nav role="navigation"> <ul class="menu-expertise-parent"> <li class="page_item page-item-801 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/capital-markets/">Capital Markets</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-3303"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/capital-markets/corporate-trust-agency/">Corporate Trust and Agency</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3305"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/capital-markets/debt-capital-markets/">Debt Capital Markets</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-35239"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/capital-markets/derivatives/">Derivatives</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3307"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/capital-markets/equity-capital-markets/">Equity Capital Markets</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3300"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/capital-markets/structured-finance/">Structured Finance</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-837 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/construction/">Construction</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-3868"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/construction/planning/">Planning</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-1649 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/corporate/">Corporate and M&A</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-10800"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/corporate/corporate-and-acquisition-finance/">Corporate and Acquisition Finance</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3874"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/corporate/joint-ventures/">Joint ventures and strategic alliances</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3872"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/corporate/mergers-and-acquisitions/">Mergers and Acquisitions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-839 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/dispute-resolution/">Dispute Resolution</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-38113"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/dispute-resolution/aviation-dispute-resolution/">Aviation Dispute Resolution</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-38454"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/dispute-resolution/energy-dispute-resolution/">Energy Dispute Resolution</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-38127"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/dispute-resolution/infrastructure-dispute-resolution/">Infrastructure <br>Dispute Resolution</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-38130"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/dispute-resolution/international-arbitration/">International <br>Arbitration</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-38133"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/dispute-resolution/maritime-dispute-resolution/">Maritime Dispute Resolution</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-38135 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/dispute-resolution/public-international-law/">Public International Law</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-841"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/employment/">Employment</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-799 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/finance/">Finance</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-2257"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/finance/asset-finance/">Asset Finance and Leasing</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2262"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/finance/eca-finance/">ECA Finance</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3311"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/finance/islamic-finance/">Islamic Finance</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3870"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/finance/project-finance/">Project Finance</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3290"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/finance/real-estate-finance/">Real Estate Finance</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-845"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/private-equity/">Private Equity</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3916"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/public-law/">Public Law</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-787 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/real-estate/">Real Estate</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-2965"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/real-estate/hotels-hospitality/">Hotels and Hospitality</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2957"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/real-estate/real-estate-disputes/">Real Estate Disputes</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-847 page_item_has_children current_page_ancestor current_page_parent"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/regulatory-competition/">Regulatory and Competition</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-3926"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/regulatory-competition/environment-health-safety/">Environment, Health and Safety</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3912 current_page_item"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/regulatory-competition/eu-competition/" aria-current="page">EU and Competition</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-35242"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/regulatory-competition/financial-services-regulation/">Financial Services Regulation</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-3914"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/regulatory-competition/regulatory/">Regulatory</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-3929"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/restructuring-insolvency/">Restructuring and Insolvency</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-849"><a href="https://www.wfw.com/services/tax/">Tax</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='asp_hidden_data' id="asp_hidden_data" style="display: none !important;"> <svg style="position:absolute" height="0" width="0"> <filter id="aspblur"> <feGaussianBlur in="SourceGraphic" stdDeviation="4"/> </filter> </svg> <svg style="position:absolute" height="0" width="0"> <filter id="no_aspblur"></filter> </svg> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=2810c76e705dd1a53b18" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=6.0" id="swv-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="contact-form-7-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7 = { "api": { "root": "https:\/\/www.wfw.com\/wp-json\/", "namespace": "contact-form-7\/v1" } }; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=6.0" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpcf7-redirect-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7r = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.wfw.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/wpcf7-redirect/build/js/wpcf7r-fe.js?ver=1.1" id="wpcf7-redirect-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/js/modernizr.js?ver=2.6.2" id="tjldesigns-script-modernizr-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/js/jquery.sticky.js?ver=1.0.4" id="tjldesigns-script-jquery-ui-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/js/slick.min.js?ver=1.6.0" id="tjldesigns-script-slick-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/js/masonry.pkgd.min.js?ver=4.2.1" id="tjldesigns-script-masonry-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/js/jquery.waypoints.js?ver=1.0" id="tjldesigns-script-waypoint-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/js/jquery.counterup.min.js?ver=1.0" id="tjldesigns-script-counterup-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/js/aos.js?ver=1.0" id="tjldesigns-script-aos-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/themes/wfw/js/main.js?ver=1731359476" id="tjldesigns-script-main-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/easy-fancybox/vendor/purify.min.js?ver=1732368252" id="fancybox-purify-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/easy-fancybox/fancybox/1.5.4/jquery.fancybox.js?ver=1732368251" id="jquery-fancybox-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jquery-fancybox-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var fb_timeout, fb_opts={'autoScale':true,'showCloseButton':true,'margin':20,'pixelRatio':'false','padding':0,'centerOnScroll':false,'enableEscapeButton':true,'overlayShow':true,'hideOnOverlayClick':true,'overlayColor':'#182E44','overlayOpacity':0.9,'minVpHeight':320,'disableCoreLightbox':'true','enableBlockControls':'true','fancybox_openBlockControls':'true' }; if(typeof easy_fancybox_handler==='undefined'){ var easy_fancybox_handler=function(){ jQuery([".nolightbox","a.wp-block-file__button","a.pin-it-button","a[href*='pinterest.com\/pin\/create']","a[href*='facebook.com\/share']","a[href*='twitter.com\/share']"].join(',')).addClass('nofancybox'); jQuery('a.fancybox-close').on('click',function(e){e.preventDefault();jQuery.fancybox.close()}); /* IMG */ var unlinkedImageBlocks=jQuery(".wp-block-image > img:not(.nofancybox,figure.nofancybox>img)"); unlinkedImageBlocks.wrap(function() { var href = jQuery( this ).attr( "src" ); return "<a href='" + href + "'></a>"; }); var fb_IMG_select=jQuery('a[href*=".jpg" i]:not(.nofancybox,li.nofancybox>a,figure.nofancybox>a),area[href*=".jpg" i]:not(.nofancybox),a[href*=".jpeg" i]:not(.nofancybox,li.nofancybox>a,figure.nofancybox>a),area[href*=".jpeg" i]:not(.nofancybox),a[href*=".png" i]:not(.nofancybox,li.nofancybox>a,figure.nofancybox>a),area[href*=".png" i]:not(.nofancybox),a[href*=".webp" i]:not(.nofancybox,li.nofancybox>a,figure.nofancybox>a),area[href*=".webp" i]:not(.nofancybox)'); fb_IMG_select.addClass('fancybox image'); var fb_IMG_sections=jQuery('.gallery,.wp-block-gallery,.tiled-gallery,.wp-block-jetpack-tiled-gallery,.ngg-galleryoverview,.ngg-imagebrowser,.nextgen_pro_blog_gallery,.nextgen_pro_film,.nextgen_pro_horizontal_filmstrip,.ngg-pro-masonry-wrapper,.ngg-pro-mosaic-container,.nextgen_pro_sidescroll,.nextgen_pro_slideshow,.nextgen_pro_thumbnail_grid,.tiled-gallery'); fb_IMG_sections.each(function(){jQuery(this).find(fb_IMG_select).attr('rel','gallery-'+fb_IMG_sections.index(this));}); jQuery('a.fancybox,area.fancybox,.fancybox>a').each(function(){jQuery(this).fancybox(jQuery.extend(true,{},fb_opts,{'transition':'elastic','transitionIn':'elastic','easingIn':'easeOutBack','transitionOut':'elastic','easingOut':'easeInBack','opacity':false,'hideOnContentClick':false,'titleShow':false,'titlePosition':'over','titleFromAlt':false,'showNavArrows':false,'enableKeyboardNav':false,'cyclic':false,'mouseWheel':'false'}))}); /* Inline */ jQuery('a.fancybox-inline,area.fancybox-inline,.fancybox-inline>a').each(function(){jQuery(this).fancybox(jQuery.extend(true,{},fb_opts,{'type':'inline','autoDimensions':true,'scrolling':'no','easingIn':'easeOutBack','easingOut':'easeInBack','opacity':false,'hideOnContentClick':false,'titleShow':false}))}); /* YouTube */ jQuery('a[href*="youtu.be/" i],area[href*="youtu.be/" i],a[href*="youtube.com/" i],area[href*="youtube.com/" i]' ).filter(function(){return this.href.match(/\/(?:youtu\.be|watch\?|embed\/)/);}).not('.nofancybox,li.nofancybox>a').addClass('fancybox-youtube'); jQuery('a.fancybox-youtube,area.fancybox-youtube,.fancybox-youtube>a').each(function(){jQuery(this).fancybox(jQuery.extend(true,{},fb_opts,{'type':'iframe','width':1050,'height':599,'keepRatio':1,'aspectRatio':1,'titleShow':false,'titlePosition':'float','titleFromAlt':false,'onStart':function(a,i,o){var splitOn=a[i].href.indexOf("?");var urlParms=(splitOn>-1)?a[i].href.substring(splitOn):"";o.allowfullscreen=(urlParms.indexOf("fs=0")>-1)?false:true;o.href=a[i].href.replace(/https?:\/\/(?:www\.)?youtu(?:\.be\/([^\?]+)\??|be\.com\/watch\?(.*(?=v=))v=([^&]+))(.*)/gi,"https://www.youtube.com/embed/$1$3?$2$4&autoplay=1");}}))}); /* Vimeo */ jQuery('a[href*="vimeo.com/" i],area[href*="vimeo.com/" i]' ).filter(function(){return this.href.match(/\/(?:[0-9]+|video\/)/);}).not('.nofancybox,li.nofancybox>a').addClass('fancybox-vimeo'); jQuery('a.fancybox-vimeo,area.fancybox-vimeo,.fancybox-vimeo>a').each(function(){jQuery(this).fancybox(jQuery.extend(true,{},fb_opts,{'type':'iframe','width':1050,'height':599,'keepRatio':1,'aspectRatio':1,'titleShow':false,'titlePosition':'float','titleFromAlt':false,'onStart':function(a,i,o){var splitOn=a[i].href.indexOf("?");var urlParms=(splitOn>-1)?a[i].href.substring(splitOn):"";o.allowfullscreen=(urlParms.indexOf("fullscreen=0")>-1)?false:true;o.href=a[i].href.replace(/https?:\/\/(?:www\.)?vimeo\.com\/([0-9]+)\??(.*)/gi,"https://player.vimeo.com/video/$1?$2&autoplay=1");}}))}); };}; var easy_fancybox_auto=function(){setTimeout(function(){jQuery('a#fancybox-auto,#fancybox-auto>a').first().trigger('click')},1000);}; jQuery(easy_fancybox_handler);jQuery(document).on('post-load',easy_fancybox_handler); jQuery(easy_fancybox_auto); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wfw.com/wp-content/plugins/easy-fancybox/vendor/jquery.easing.js?ver=1.4.1" id="jquery-easing-js"></script> </body> </html>