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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Getting_more_educational:_passive_audiences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Getting_more_educational:_passive_audiences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Getting more educational: passive audiences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Getting_more_educational:_passive_audiences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advanced_wiki-teaching:_active_audiences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advanced_wiki-teaching:_active_audiences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Advanced wiki-teaching: active audiences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advanced_wiki-teaching:_active_audiences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Common_mistakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_mistakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Common mistakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_mistakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:How_to_write_an_educational_resource&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:How to write an educational resource">Help:How to write an educational resource</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monkey-typing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Monkey-typing.jpg/250px-Monkey-typing.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Monkey-typing.jpg/375px-Monkey-typing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Monkey-typing.jpg/500px-Monkey-typing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="356"/></a><figcaption>Extensive research is being conducted into the use of wikis in web-based education, but we are still at an early stage.</figcaption></figure><p>This page is intended to be Wikiversity's closest equivalent to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:Writing better articles">w:Wikipedia:Writing better articles</a>. </p><p><br/> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Introduction" data-mw-thread-id="h-Introduction"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Introduction"></span>Introduction<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Introduction"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:How_to_write_an_educational_resource&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Introduction"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In its very early days - the ones of excitement and innovation, when it was small and derided - Wikipedia had a link on every page to an article about how to write a good article. Wikiversity doesn't. It's easier to write an encyclopedia article than an educational resource, so the lack is all the more sinister. </p><p>One reason why Wikiversity didn't have such an article was the difficulty of advising on writing educational resources. As someone once asked on Wikiversity's IRC channel, can you really teach people to teach? Teacher trainers would be shocked by such a question - their careers are spent doing precisely this. But lay people really ask this. </p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncyclopedia" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Uncyclopedia">Uncyclopedia</a> offers an excellent parallel, because <i>"the closest professions to teaching are stage acting and stand-up comedy."</i> <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setting itself up in opposition to all seriousness, nevertheless Uncyclopedia falls victim to such a deluge of un-funny deletable nonsense that it actually had to write a (<i>god forbid, serious</i>) help page about "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uncyclopedia.org/wiki/Uncyclopedia:How_To_Be_Funny_And_Not_Just_Stupid">how to be funny</a>". Many people would ask "can you really teach people to be funny?". Humour and education are both an art and a science. Sure, both have an element that cannot be taught, but both have elements which can. Oddly, the way in which humour and education cannot be taught is similar: it has to do with the speaker's (humourist's, teacher's) ability to sense and "work" their audience. However on these pages we will look at those elements which can be taught. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Starting_off_with_easy_stuff" data-mw-thread-id="h-Starting_off_with_easy_stuff"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Starting_off_with_easy_stuff"></span>Starting off with easy stuff<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Starting_off_with_easy_stuff"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:How_to_write_an_educational_resource&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Starting off with easy stuff"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>You don't have to be a teacher to add educational content to Wikiversity. But if you're not a teacher (or perhaps even if you are), it is best to start off with easy resource types. </p><p>One of the main differences between Wikiversity and Wikipedia is that Wikiversity has loads of different <a href="/wiki/Help:Resource_types" title="Help:Resource types">resource types</a> which you can write. Start with easier resource types and build up from there. </p> <ol><li>You can start by creating a <b><a href="/wiki/Help:Collection" title="Help:Collection">collection page</a></b> to simply list the resources you are creating. You can turn the collection page into something more dramatic (e.g. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Help:Project (page does not exist)">project</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Course" title="Help:Course">course</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Workshop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Help:Workshop (page does not exist)">workshop</a>) when you have more content. Initially your collection page is just a list of what you are doing.</li> <li>Add simple resources to the collection page, such as <b>some</b> (but not all) of: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Activities" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Activities">activities</a> (e.g. game ideas, small quizzes, descriptions of experiments)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Lectures" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Lectures">lecture notes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Assignments&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Help:Assignments (page does not exist)">tests and assignments</a> - make sure they're ones which you wrote, otherwise they're probably copyright.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Reading_groups&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Help:Reading groups (page does not exist)">a reading group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Blog" title="Help:Blog">a blog</a> - this should go in your personal user space</li> <li>reference material for lessons, such as vocabulary lists, class handouts, reading lists, collections of useful diagrams from Wikimedia Commons or other <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">useful media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Event" title="Help:Event">event announcements</a> (don't forget to read the <a href="/wiki/Help:Event" title="Help:Event">help page</a>!)</li></ul></li> <li>Concentrate on developing each resource at least to the point where it is seriously useful to other teachers or learners.</li> <li>Use <b><a href="/wiki/Help:Subpages" title="Help:Subpages">subpages</a></b> if at all possible. A Wikiversity project is best structured with a homepage for the project and a series of subpages leading off from it. This is very different from Wikipedia.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Things_you_don't_need_to_worry_about_too_much_at_the_start" data-mw-thread-id="h-Things_you_don't_need_to_worry_about_too_much_at_the_start-Starting_off_with_easy_stuff"><span id="Things_you_don.27t_need_to_worry_about_too_much_at_the_start"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Things_you_don't_need_to_worry_about_too_much_at_the_start-Starting_off_with_easy_stuff"></span>Things you don't need to worry about too much at the start<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Things_you_don't_need_to_worry_about_too_much_at_the_start-Starting_off_with_easy_stuff"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:How_to_write_an_educational_resource&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Things you don't need to worry about too much at the start"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Don't worry about getting the resources categorised right - categorisation is quite difficult and may need a more experienced user. Someone will find you and help with this if you are very active on a project.</li> <li>Avoid writing <a href="/wiki/Help:Lessons" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Lessons">lessons</a> or other directly educational/didactic material, unless you are sure you know what you are doing.</li></ul> <p><br/> <i>See: <a href="/wiki/Help:Resource_types" title="Help:Resource types">Help:Resource types</a>.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Getting_more_educational:_passive_audiences" data-mw-thread-id="h-Getting_more_educational:_passive_audiences"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Getting_more_educational:_passive_audiences"></span>Getting more educational: passive audiences<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Getting_more_educational:_passive_audiences"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:How_to_write_an_educational_resource&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Getting more educational: passive audiences"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>More advanced resource types which convey real new knowledge to learners include <a href="/wiki/Help:Papers" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Papers">academic articles/papers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Lesson_plans" title="Help:Lesson plans">lesson plans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Lesson" title="Help:Lesson">lessons</a>. There are detailed help pages which guide you in creating these. </p><p>See <a href="/wiki/Help:Lesson" title="Help:Lesson">Help:lesson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Paper" title="Help:Paper">Help:paper</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Advanced_wiki-teaching:_active_audiences" data-mw-thread-id="h-Advanced_wiki-teaching:_active_audiences"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Advanced_wiki-teaching:_active_audiences"></span>Advanced wiki-teaching: active audiences<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Advanced_wiki-teaching:_active_audiences"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:How_to_write_an_educational_resource&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Advanced wiki-teaching: active audiences"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arcade-20071020-a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Arcade-20071020-a.jpg/250px-Arcade-20071020-a.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Arcade-20071020-a.jpg/375px-Arcade-20071020-a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Arcade-20071020-a.jpg/500px-Arcade-20071020-a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3339" data-file-height="2385"/></a><figcaption>"Wiki" means "fast" - as in content creation, not driving.</figcaption></figure> <p>With advanced wiki-teaching, we understand attempts to <b>combine educational experiences with massive collaborative authorship</b>. The word "wiki" just means "fast", so if you're just using Wikiversity as a fast and convenient way to create and share simple resource types intended for passive audiences, that's fine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Common_mistakes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Common_mistakes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Common_mistakes"></span>Common mistakes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Common_mistakes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:How_to_write_an_educational_resource&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Common mistakes"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Try to write <b>content</b> rather than <b>curriculum frameworks</b> and <b>statements of intent</b>. For example: <a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=School:Geophysics&oldid=163401">[1]</a> was a framework where the hopeful red links to intended content were never turned into anything useful.</li> <li>Avoid course codes. For example: <a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Topic:Literary_studies&oldid=242071#Undergraduate">[2]</a> uses course codes. This is too formal, and course codes are often specific to a particular country's educational system.</li> <li>Don't assume that just anything is "educational". If you're unsure about how to really teach stuff, stay with the easy resource types suggested above.</li> <li>Review <a href="/wiki/Contextual_Learning" title="Contextual Learning">Contextual Learning</a> for a simple approach to content development based on an Absorb - Do - Connect sequence.</li> <li>Resist the temptation to be "anti-educational" or declare that you wish to re-invent education from the bottom. If you've had poor teachers or been through an over-traditional educational system, this can be tempting. But most educational reform ideas have already been invented somewhere, sometime, and it's better to build on those ideas.</li> <li>Don't think that hundreds of people are immediately going to storm into your project, either as contributors or as learners. Wikiversity is somewhere to create educational resources in peace and quiet, and you'll need to do a little persuading to attract visitors once you are ready (see <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Featured" title="Wikiversity:Featured">featured content</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:How_to_write_an_educational_resource&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Quoted from John Baez, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/teaching.html">How to Teach Stuff</a>, (2006) </span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="External_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_links"></span>External links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_links"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:How_to_write_an_educational_resource&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: External links"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Uncyclopedia, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uncyclopedia.org/wiki/Uncyclopedia:How_To_Be_Funny_And_Not_Just_Stupid">How to be funny and not just stupid</a></li> <li>Teaching Tips Index from Honolulu Community College, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icebreakerideas.com/teaching-tips/">Teaching Tips Index</a></li> <li>John Baez, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/teaching.pdf">How to teach stuff</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teachingsolutions.org/cset.html">CSET study guide</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:How_to_write_an_educational_resource&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: See also"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Resources_by_type" title="Help:Resources by type">Help:Resources by type</a> - practical guide to tagging resources on Wikiversity with resource type indicators.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Subpages" title="Help:Subpages">Help:Subpages</a> - help with structuring a set of learning resources.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pretty_boxes" title="Help:Pretty boxes">Help:Pretty boxes</a> - help with making your resources attractive to learners.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:101_things_to_do_with_your_class_on_Wikiversity" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:101 things to do with your class on Wikiversity">Help:101 things to do with your class on Wikiversity</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2661604">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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for resource types</a> </p><p><b>Organisational resources</b>: <a href="/wiki/Help:Courses" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Courses">Courses</a> - <a href="/wiki/Help:Lesson" title="Help:Lesson">Lessons</a> - <a href="/wiki/Reading_groups" title="Reading groups">Reading groups</a> - <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:Learning_projects" title="Wikiversity:Learning projects">Learning Projects</a> - <a href="/wiki/Help:Collection" title="Help:Collection">Collections</a> </p><p><b>Components / stand-alone resources</b>: <a href="/wiki/Help:Lesson" title="Help:Lesson">Lessons</a> - <a href="/wiki/Help:Article" title="Help:Article">Articles</a> - <a href="/wiki/Help:Lesson_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Lesson plan">Lesson plans</a> - <a href="/wiki/Help:Discussion" title="Help:Discussion">Discussions</a> - <a href="/wiki/Help:Event" title="Help:Event">Events</a> - <a href="/wiki/Help:Essay" title="Help:Essay">Essays</a> - <a href="/wiki/Help:Glossary" title="Help:Glossary">Glossaries</a> - 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