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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Not to be confused with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Censer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Censer">Censer</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Censor_(disambiguation)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Censor (disambiguation)">Censor</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Censure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Censure">Censure</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Senser?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Senser">Senser</a>, or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sensor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sensor">Sensor</a>. </div> A census (from Latin censere, 'to assess') is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording, and calculating population information about the members of a given <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Statistical_population?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Statistical population">population</a>, usually displayed in the form of statistics. This term is used mostly in connection with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Population_and_housing_censuses_by_country?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Population and housing censuses by country">national population and housing censuses</a>; other common censuses include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census_of_agriculture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Census of agriculture">censuses of agriculture</a>, traditional culture, business, supplies, and traffic censuses. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Nations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) defines the essential features of population and housing censuses as "individual enumeration, universality within a defined territory, simultaneity and defined periodicity", and recommends that population censuses be taken at least every ten years. UN recommendations also cover census topics to be collected, official definitions, classifications, and other useful information to coordinate international practices.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Volkstelling_1925_Census.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Volkstelling_1925_Census.jpg/220px-Volkstelling_1925_Census.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Volkstelling_1925_Census.jpg/330px-Volkstelling_1925_Census.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Volkstelling_1925_Census.jpg/440px-Volkstelling_1925_Census.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1234" data-file-height="1155"></a> <figcaption> A census taker visits a family of Indigenous <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dutch_Travellers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Travellers">Dutch Travellers</a> living in a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mobile_home?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mobile home">caravan</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> in 1925 </figcaption> </figure> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Nations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Nations">UN</a>'s <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> (FAO), in turn, defines the census of agriculture as "a statistical operation for collecting, processing and disseminating data on the structure of agriculture, covering the whole or a significant part of a country." "In a census of agriculture, data are collected at the holding level."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-3">[3]</a> The word is of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latin">Latin</a> origin: during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roman_Republic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a>, the census was a list of all adult males fit for military service. The modern census is essential to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_comparisons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International comparisons">international comparisons</a> of any type of statistics, and censuses collect data on many attributes of a population, not just the number of individuals. Censuses typically began as the only method of collecting national <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demography?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demography">demographic</a> data and are now part of a larger system of different surveys. Although population estimates remain an important function of a census, including exactly the geographic distribution of the population or the agricultural population, statistics can be produced about combinations of attributes, e.g., education by age and sex in different regions. Current <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Administrative_data?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Administrative data">administrative data</a> systems allow for other approaches to enumeration with the same level of detail but raise concerns about privacy and the possibility of biasing estimates.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-theforgottenfamily.wordpress.org-4">[4]</a> A census can be contrasted with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sampling_(statistics)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sampling (statistics)">sampling</a> in which information is obtained only from a subset of a population; typically, main population estimates are updated by such <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intercensal_estimate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intercensal estimate">intercensal estimates</a>. Modern census data are commonly used for research, business <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marketing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marketing">marketing</a>, and planning, and as a baseline for designing sample surveys by providing a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sampling_frame?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sampling frame">sampling frame</a> such as an address register. Census counts are necessary to adjust samples to be representative of a population by weighting them as is common in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Opinion_poll?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Opinion poll">opinion polling</a>. Similarly, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stratified_sampling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stratified sampling">stratification</a> requires knowledge of the relative sizes of different population strata, which can be derived from census enumerations. In some countries, the census provides the official counts used to apportion the number of elected representatives to regions (sometimes controversially – e.g., <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Utah_v._Evans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Utah v. Evans">Utah v. Evans</a>). In many cases, a carefully chosen random sample can provide more accurate information than attempts to get a population census.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Lastcensus.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lastcensus.svg/300px-Lastcensus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lastcensus.svg/450px-Lastcensus.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lastcensus.svg/600px-Lastcensus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1592" data-file-height="900"></a> <figcaption> A world map showing countries' most recent censuses as of 2020 </figcaption> </figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sampling">1 Sampling</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Residence_definitions">2 Residence definitions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Enumeration_strategies">3 Enumeration strategies</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Technology">4 Technology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Development">5 Development</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Uses_of_census_data">6 Uses of census data</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Census_data_and_research">6.1 Census data and research</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Privacy_and_data_stewardship">7 Privacy and data stewardship</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#History_of_censuses">8 History of censuses</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Egypt">8.1 Egypt</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ancient_Greece">8.2 Ancient Greece</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Israel">8.3 Israel</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#China">8.4 China</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#India">8.5 India</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rome">8.6 Rome</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rashidun_and_Umayyad_Caliphates">8.7 Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Medieval_Europe">8.8 Medieval Europe</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Inca_Empire">8.9 Inca Empire</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Spanish_Empire">8.10 Spanish Empire</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#World_population_estimates">9 World population estimates</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Impact_of_COVID-19_on_censuses">10 Impact of COVID-19 on censuses</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Impact">10.1 Impact</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Adaptation">10.2 Adaptation</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Modern_implementation">11 Modern implementation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also">12 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sources">13 Sources</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes">14 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References">15 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links">16 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Sampling">Sampling</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Sampling" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Tehran_Census_1869.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tehran_Census_1869.png/220px-Tehran_Census_1869.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="416" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="749"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 416px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tehran_Census_1869.png/220px-Tehran_Census_1869.png" data-width="220" data-height="416" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tehran_Census_1869.png/330px-Tehran_Census_1869.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Tehran_Census_1869.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tehran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> census in 1869<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a> </figcaption> </figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style> <table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> This section relies largely or entirely on a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a>. Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB##" title="Talk:Census">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DCensus%26action%3Dedit">improve this article</a> by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/search?as_eq%3Dwikipedia%26q%3D%2522Census%2522">"Census"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/search?tbm%3Dnws%26q%3D%2522Census%2522%2B-wikipedia%26tbs%3Dar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/search?%26q%3D%2522Census%2522%26tbs%3Dbkt:s%26tbm%3Dbks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/search?tbs%3Dbks:1%26q%3D%2522Census%2522%2B-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q%3D%2522Census%2522">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query%3D%2522Census%2522%26acc%3Don%26wc%3Don">JSTOR</a> (October 2024) </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> A census is often construed as the opposite of a sample as it intends to count everyone in a population, rather than a fraction. However, population censuses do rely on a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sampling_frame?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sampling frame">sampling frame</a> to count the population. This is the only way to be sure that everyone has been included, as otherwise those not responding would not be followed up on and individuals could be missed. The fundamental premise of a census is that the population is not known, and a new estimate is to be made by the analysis of primary data. The use of a sampling frame is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Counterintuitive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Counterintuitive">counterintuitive</a> as it suggests that the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Population_size?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Population size">population size</a> is already known. However, a census is also used to collect attribute data on the individuals in the nation, not only to assess population size. This process of sampling marks the difference between a historical census, which was a house-to-house process or the product of an imperial decree, and the modern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Statistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Statistics">statistical</a> project. The sampling frame used by a census is almost always an address register. Thus, it is not known if there are any residents or how many people there are in each household. Depending on the mode of enumeration, a form is sent to the householder, an enumerator calls, or administrative records for the dwelling are accessed. As a preliminary to the dispatch of forms, census workers will check for any address problems on the ground. While it may seem straightforward to use the postal service file for this purpose, this can be out of date and some dwellings may contain several independent households. A particular problem is what is termed "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Communal_establishments&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Communal establishments (page does not exist)">communal establishments</a>", a category that includes student residences, religious orders, homes for the elderly, people in prisons, etc. As these are not easily enumerated by a single householder, they are often treated differently and visited by special teams of census workers to ensure they are classified appropriately.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Residence_definitions">Residence definitions</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Residence definitions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> Individuals are normally counted within <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Household?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Household">households</a>, and information is typically collected about the household structure and the housing. For this reason, international documents refer to censuses of population and housing. Normally the census response is made by a household, indicating details of individuals resident there. An important aspect of census enumerations is determining which individuals can be counted and which cannot be counted. Broadly, three definitions can be used: de facto residence; de jure residence; and permanent residence. This is important in considering individuals who have multiple or temporary addresses. Every person should be identified uniquely as a resident in one place; but the place where they happen to be on Census Day, their <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Home_range?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Home range">de facto residence</a>, may not be the best place to count them. Where an individual uses services may be more useful, and this is at their usual residence. An individual may be recorded at a "permanent" address, which might be a family home for students or long-term migrants.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:2-8">[8]</a> A precise definition of residence is needed, to decide whether visitors to a country should be included in the population count. This is becoming more important as students travel abroad for education for a period of several years. Other groups causing problems with enumeration are newborn babies, refugees, people away on holiday, people moving home around census day, and people without a fixed address. People with second homes, because they are working in another part of the country or have a holiday cottage, are difficult to fix at a particular address; this sometimes causes double counting or houses being mistakenly identified as vacant. Another problem is where people use a different address at different times e.g. students living at their place of education in term time but returning to a family home during vacations, or children whose parents have separated who effectively have two family homes. Census enumeration has always been based on finding people where they live, as there is no systematic alternative: any list used to find people is likely to be derived from census activities in the first place. Recent <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Nations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Nations">UN</a> guidelines provide recommendations on enumerating such complex households.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[9]</a> In the census of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agriculture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, data is collected at the agricultural holding unit. An agricultural holding is an economic unit of agricultural production under single management comprising all livestock kept and all land used wholly or partly for agricultural production purposes, without regard to title, legal form, or size. Single management may be exercised by an individual or household, jointly by two or more individuals or households, by a clan or tribe, or by a juridical person such as a corporation, cooperative, or government agency. The holding's land may consist of one or more parcels, located in one or more separate areas or one or more territorial or administrative divisions, providing the parcels share the same production means, such as labor, farm buildings, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Machine">machinery</a> or draught animals.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-3">[3]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Enumeration_strategies">Enumeration strategies</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Enumeration strategies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Enumerator.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Enumerator.jpg/220px-Enumerator.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1936"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Enumerator.jpg/220px-Enumerator.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Enumerator.jpg/330px-Enumerator.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Enumerator.jpg/440px-Enumerator.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> An enumerator conducting a census survey using a mobile phone-based questionnaire in the rural <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mutasa_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mutasa District">Mutasa District</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zimbabwe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> in 2015 </figcaption> </figure> Historical censuses used crude enumeration assuming[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] absolute accuracy. Modern approaches take into account the problems of overcount and undercount and the coherence of census enumerations with other official sources of data.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[10]</a> For instance, during the 2020 U.S. Census, the Census Bureau counted people primarily by collecting answers sent by mail, on the internet, over the phone, or using shared information through proxies. These methods accounted for 95.5 percent of all occupied housing units in the United States.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11">[11]</a> This reflects a realist approach to measurement, acknowledging that under any definition of residence there is a true value of the population[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">gobbledegook</a>] but this can never be measured with complete accuracy. An important aspect of the census process is to evaluate the quality of the data.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Many countries use a post-enumeration survey to adjust the raw census counts.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[13]</a> This works similarly to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Capture-recapture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture-recapture">capture-recapture</a> estimation for animal populations. Among census experts, this method is called dual system enumeration (DSE). A sample of households is visited by interviewers who record the details of the household as of census day. These data are then matched to census records, and the number of people missed can be estimated by considering the number of people who are included in one count but not the other. This allows adjustments to the count for non-response, varying between different <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demographic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographic">demographic</a> groups. An explanation using a fishing analogy can be found in "Trout, Catfish and Roach..."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[14]</a> which won an award from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Statistical_Society?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal Statistical Society">Royal Statistical Society</a> for excellence in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Official_statistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Official statistics">official statistics</a> in 2011. Triple system enumeration has been proposed as an improvement as it would allow evaluation of the statistical dependence of pairs of sources. However, as the matching process is the most difficult aspect of census estimation this has never been implemented for a national enumeration. It would also be difficult to identify three different sources that were sufficiently different to make the triple system effort worthwhile. The DSE approach has another weakness in that it assumes there is no person counted twice (over count). In de facto residence definitions this would not be a problem but in de jure definitions individuals risk being recorded on more than one form leading to double counting. A particular problem here is students who often have a term time and family address. Several countries have used a system known as short form/long form.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[15]</a> This is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sampling_(statistics)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sampling (statistics)">sampling</a> strategy that randomly chooses a proportion of people to send a more detailed questionnaire to (the long form). Everyone receives the short-form questions. This means more data are collected, but without imposing a burden on the whole population. This also reduces the burden on the statistical office. Indeed, in the UK until 2001 all residents were required to fill in the whole form but only a 10% sample was coded and analysed in detail.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[16]</a> New technology means that all data are now scanned and processed. During the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2011_Canadian_census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2011 Canadian census">2011 Canadian census</a> there was controversy about the cessation of the mandatory long-form census; the head of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Statistics_Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Munir_Sheikh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Munir Sheikh">Munir Sheikh</a>, resigned upon the federal government's decision to do so.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a> The use of alternative enumeration strategies is increasing<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a> but these are not as simple as many people assume and are only used in developed countries.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The Netherlands has been most advanced in adopting a census using <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Administrative_data?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Administrative data">administrative data</a>. This allows a simulated census to be conducted by linking several different administrative databases at an agreed time. Data can be matched, and an overall enumeration established allowing for discrepancies between different data sources. A validation survey is still conducted in a similar way to the post-enumeration survey employed in a traditional census. Other countries that have a population register use this as a basis for all the census statistics needed by users. This is most common among Nordic countries but requires many distinct registers to be combined, including population, housing, employment, and education. These registers are then combined and brought up to the standard of a statistical register by comparing the data from different sources and ensuring the quality is sufficient for official statistics to be produced.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[20]</a> A recent innovation is the French instigation of a rolling census program with different regions enumerated each year so that the whole country is completely enumerated every 5 to 10 years.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[21]</a> In Europe, in connection with the 2010 census round, many countries adopted alternative census methodologies, often based on the combination of data from registers, surveys and other sources.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[22]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Technology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> Censuses have evolved in their use of technology: censuses in 2010 used many new types of computing. In Brazil, handheld devices were used by enumerators to locate residences on the ground. In many countries, census returns could be made via the Internet as well as in paper form. DSE is facilitated by computer matching techniques that can be automated, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Propensity_score_matching?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Propensity score matching">propensity score matching</a>. In the UK, all census formats are scanned and stored electronically before being destroyed, replacing the need for physical archives. The record linking to perform an administrative census would not be possible without large databases being stored on computer systems. There are sometimes problems in introducing new technology. The US census had been intended to use handheld computers, but cost escalated, and this was abandoned, with the contract being sold to Brazil. The online response has some advantages, but one of the functions of the census is to make sure everyone is counted accurately. A system that allowed people to enter their address without verification would be open to abuse. Therefore, households have to be verified on the ground, typically by an enumerator visit or post out[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]. Paper forms are still necessary for those without access to the internet. It is also possible that the hidden nature[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] of an administrative census means that users are not engaged with the importance of contributing their data to official statistics. Alternatively, population estimations may be carried out remotely with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geographic_information_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geographic information system">geographic information system</a> (GIS) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Remote_sensing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Remote sensing">remote sensing</a> technologies.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[23]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Development">Development</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Development" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> According to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Nations Population Fund">United Nations Population Fund</a> (UNFPA), "The information generated by a population and housing census – numbers of people, their distribution, their living conditions and other key data – is critical for development."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-unfpa.org-24">[24]</a> This is because this type of data is essential for policymakers so that they know where to invest. Many countries have outdated or inaccurate data about their populations and thus have difficulty in addressing the needs of the population. The UNFPA said:<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-unfpa.org-24">[24]</a> <blockquote> "The unique advantage of the census is that it represents the entire statistical universe, down to the smallest geographical units, of a country or region. Planners need this information for all kinds of development work, including: assessing demographic trends; analysing socio-economic conditions;<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[25]</a> designing evidence-based poverty-reduction strategies; monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of policies; and tracking progress toward national and internationally agreed development goals." </blockquote> In addition to making policymakers aware of population issues, the census is also an important tool for identifying forms of social, demographic or economic exclusions, such as inequalities relating to race, ethics, and religion as well as disadvantaged groups such as those with disabilities and the poor. An accurate census can empower local communities by providing them with the necessary information to participate in local decision-making and ensuring they are represented. The importance of the census of agriculture for development is that it gives a snapshot of the structure of the agricultural sector in a country and, when compared with previous censuses, provides an opportunity to identify trends and structural transformations of the sector, and points towards areas for policy intervention. Census data are used as a benchmark for current statistics and their value is increased when they are employed together with other data sources.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-3">[3]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Uses_of_census_data">Uses of census data</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Uses of census data" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> Early censuses in the 19th and 20th centuries collected paper documents which had to be collated by hand, so the statistical information obtained was quite basic. The government that owned the data could publish statistics on the state of the nation.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The results were used to measure changes in the population and apportion representation. Population estimates could be compared to those of other countries. By the beginning of the 20th century, censuses were recording households and some indications of their employment. In some countries, census archives are released for public examination after many decades, allowing genealogists to track the ancestry of interested people. Archives provide a substantial historical record which may challenge established views. Information such as job titles and arrangements for the destitute and sick may also shed light on the historical structure of society. Political considerations influence the census in many countries. In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canada">Canada</a> in 2010 for example, the government under the leadership of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stephen_Harper?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> abolished the mandatory long-form census. This abolition was a response to protests from some Canadians who resented the personal questions.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ditchburn-27">[27]</a> The long-form census was reinstated by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Justin_Trudeau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> government in 2016. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Census_data_and_research">Census data and research</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Census data and research" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As governments assumed responsibility for schooling and welfare, large government <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Research?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Research">research</a> departments made extensive use of census data. Population projections could be made, to help plan for provision in local government and regions. Central government could also use census data to allocate funding. Even in the mid 20th century, census data was only directly accessible to large government departments. However, computers meant that tabulations could be used directly by university researchers, large businesses and local government offices. They could use the detail of the data to answer new questions and add to local and specialist knowledge.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:2-8">[8]</a> Nowadays, census data are published in a wide variety of formats to be accessible to business, all levels of government, media, students and teachers, charities, and any citizen who is interested; researchers in particular have an interest in the role of Census Field Officers (CFO) and their assistants.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Data can be represented visually or analysed in complex statistical models, to show the difference between certain areas, or to understand the association between different personal characteristics. Census data offer a unique insight into small areas and small demographic groups which sample data would be unable to capture with precision. In the census of agriculture, users need census data to: <ol> <li>support and contribute to evidence-based agricultural planning and policy-making. The census information is essential, for example, to monitor the performance of a policy or programme designed for crop diversification or to address food security issues;</li> <li>provide data to facilitate research, investment and business decisions both in the public and private sector;</li> <li>contribute to monitoring environmental changes and evaluating the impact of agricultural practices on the environment such as tillage practices, crop rotation or sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions;</li> <li>provide relevant data on work inputs and main work activities, as well as on the labour force in the agriculture sector;</li> <li>provide an important information base for monitoring some key indicators of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a> (SDGs), in particular those goals related to food security in agricultural holdings, the role of women in agricultural activities and rural poverty;</li> <li>provide baseline data both at the national and small administrative and geographical levels for formulating, monitoring and evaluating programmes and projects interventions;</li> <li>provide essential information on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Subsistence_agriculture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Subsistence agriculture">subsistence agriculture</a> and for the estimation of the non-observed economy, which plays an important role in the compilation of the national accounts and the economic accounts for agriculture.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-3">[3]</a></li> </ol> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Privacy_and_data_stewardship">Privacy and data stewardship</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Privacy and data stewardship" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> Although the census provides useful statistical information about a population, the availability of this information could sometimes lead to abuses, political or otherwise, by the linking of individuals' identities to anonymous census data.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29">[29]</a> This is particularly important when individuals' census responses are made available in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Microdata_(statistics)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Microdata (statistics)">microdata</a> form, but even aggregate-level data can result in privacy breaches when dealing with small areas and/or rare subpopulations. For instance, when reporting data from a large city, it might be appropriate to give the average income for black males aged between 50 and 60. However, doing this for a town that only has two black males in this age group would be a breach of privacy because either of those persons, knowing his own income and the reported average, could determine the other man's income. Typically, census data are processed to obscure such individual information. Some agencies do this by intentionally introducing small statistical errors to prevent the identification of individuals in marginal populations;<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30">[30]</a> others swap variables for similar respondents. Whatever is done to reduce the privacy risk, new improved electronic analysis of data can threaten to reveal sensitive individual information. This is known as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Statistical_disclosure_control?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Statistical disclosure control">statistical disclosure control</a>. Another possibility is to present survey results by means of statistical models in the form of a multivariate distribution mixture.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The statistical information in the form of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conditional_probability_distribution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conditional probability distribution">conditional distributions</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histogram?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histogram">histograms</a>) can be derived interactively from the estimated <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mixture_distribution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mixture distribution">mixture model</a> without any further access to the original database. As the final product does not contain any protected microdata, the model-based interactive software can be distributed without any confidentiality concerns. Another method is simply to release no data at all, except very large scale data directly to the central government. Differing release strategies of governments have led to an international project (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IPUMS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IPUMS">IPUMS</a>) to co-ordinate access to microdata and corresponding metadata. Such projects such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SDMX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SDMX">SDMX</a> also promote standardising metadata, so that best use can be made of the minimal data available. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="History_of_censuses">History of censuses</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: History of censuses" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Egypt">Egypt</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Egypt" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census_in_Egypt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Census in Egypt">Censuses in Egypt</a> first appeared in the late <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a> and developed in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amasis_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Amasis I">Pharaoh Amasis</a>, according to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herodotus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>, required every Egyptian to declare annually to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nomarch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nomarch">nomarch</a>, "whence he gained his living".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Under the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ptolemies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemies">Ptolemies</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roman_Egypt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roman Egypt">Romans</a> several censuses were conducted in Egypt by government officials.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ancient_Greece">Ancient Greece</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Ancient Greece" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> There are several accounts of ancient Greek city states carrying out censuses.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Israel" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Censuses are mentioned several times in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bible?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bible">Biblical</a> narrative. God commands a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tax_per_head?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax per head">per capita tax</a> to be paid with the census<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[36]</a> for the upkeep of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tabernacle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Book_of_Numbers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Book of Numbers">Book of Numbers</a> is named after the counting of the Israelite population<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37">[37]</a> according to the house of the Fathers after the exodus from Egypt. A second census was taken while the Israelites were camped in the "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plains_of_Moab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plains of Moab">plains of Moab</a>".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38">[38]</a> King <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David">David</a> performed a census that produced disastrous results.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39">[39]</a> His son, King <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solomon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Solomon">Solomon</a>, had all of the foreigners in Israel counted.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="China">China</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: China" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> One of the world's earliest preserved censuses<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Hymes-41">[41]</a> was held in China in AD 2 during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>, and is still considered by scholars to be quite accurate.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Twitchett-43">[43]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTENishijima1986595%E2%80%9396-44">[44]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The population was registered as having 57,671,400 individuals in 12,366,470 households but on this occasion only taxable families had been taken into account, indicating the income and the number of soldiers who could be mobilized.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTENishijima1986595%E2%80%9396-44">[44]</a> Another census was held in AD 144. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="India">India</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: India" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The oldest recorded <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census_of_India?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Census of India">census in India</a> is thought to have occurred around 330 BC during the reign of Emperor <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chandragupta_Maurya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chandragupta Maurya">Chandragupta Maurya</a> under the leadership of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chanakya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chanakya">Chanakya</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ashoka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Rome">Rome</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Rome" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roman_censor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roman censor">Roman censor</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indiction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indiction">Indiction</a> </div> The English term is taken directly from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latin">Latin</a> census, from <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/censere" class="extiw" title="wikt:censere">censere</a> ("to estimate"). The census played a crucial role in the administration of the Roman government, as it was used to determine the class a citizen belonged to for both military and tax purposes. Beginning in the middle republic, it was usually carried out every five years.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[48]</a> It provided a register of citizens and their property from which their duties and privileges could be listed. It is said to have been instituted by the Roman king <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Servius_Tullius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Servius Tullius">Servius Tullius</a> in the 6th century BC,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49">[49]</a> at which time the number of arms-bearing citizens was supposedly counted at around 80,000.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50">[50]</a> When the Romans conquered Judea in AD 6, the legate <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Publius_Sulpicius_Quirinius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Publius Sulpicius Quirinius">Publius Sulpicius Quirinius</a> organized a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census_of_Quirinius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Census of Quirinius">census</a> for tax purposes, which was partially responsible for the development of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zealot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Zealot">Zealot</a> movement and several failed rebellions against Rome ultimately ending in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jewish_Diaspora?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Diaspora">Jewish Diaspora</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a> makes reference to Quirinius' census in relation to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Birth_of_Jesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Birth of Jesus">birth of Jesus</a>;<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51">[51]</a> based on variant readings of this passage, a minority of biblical scholars, including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N._T._Wright?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="N. T. Wright">N. T. Wright</a>, speculate that this passage refers to a separate registration conducted during the reign of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herod_the_Great?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a>, several years before Quirinius' census.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The 15-year <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indiction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indiction">indiction</a> cycle established by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diocletian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a> in AD 297 was based on quindecennial censuses and formed the basis for dating in late antiquity and under the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Byzantine_calendar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine Empire</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Rashidun_and_Umayyad_Caliphates">Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Middle_Ages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caliphate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a> began conducting regular censuses soon after its formation, beginning with the one ordered by the second <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caliph?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Umar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Umar">Umar</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Medieval_Europe">Medieval Europe</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Medieval Europe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domesday_Book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> was undertaken in AD 1086 by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_I_of_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="William I of England">William I of England</a> so that he could properly tax the land he had recently conquered. In 1183, a census was taken of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crusade?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusade">crusader</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a>, to ascertain the number of men and amount of money that could possibly be raised against an invasion by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saladin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>, sultan of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egypt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Syria">Syria</a>. The first national census of France (L'État des paroisses et des feux) was undertaken in 1328, mostly for fiscal purposes. It estimated the French population at 16 to 17 million. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Inca_Empire">Inca Empire</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Inca Empire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the 15th century, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inca_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a> had a unique way to record census information. The Incas did not have any written language but recorded information collected during censuses and other numeric information as well as non-numeric data on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quipus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Quipus">quipus</a>, strings from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llama">llama</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alpaca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alpaca">alpaca</a> hair or cotton cords with numeric and other values encoded by knots in a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Base-10?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Base-10">base-10</a> positional system.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Spanish_Empire">Spanish Empire</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Spanish Empire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On May 25, 1577, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philip II of Spain">King Philip II of Spain</a> ordered by royal cédula the preparation of a general description of Spain's holdings in the Indies. Instructions and a questionnaire, issued in 1577 by the Office of the Cronista Mayor, were distributed to local officials in the Viceroyalties of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Spain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> and Peru to direct the gathering of information. The questionnaire, composed of fifty items, was designed to elicit basic information about the nature of the land and the life of its peoples. The replies, known as "relaciones geográficas", were written between 1579 and 1585 and were returned to the Cronista Mayor in Spain by the Council of the Indies. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="World_population_estimates">World population estimates</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: World population estimates" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> The earliest estimate of the world population was made by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Riccioli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giovanni Battista Riccioli">Giovanni Battista Riccioli</a> in 1661; the next by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johann_Peter_S%C3%BCssmilch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johann Peter Süssmilch">Johann Peter Süssmilch</a> in 1741, revised in 1762; the third by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_Wilhelm_Dieterici?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Dieterici">Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Dieterici</a> in 1859.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In 1931, Walter Willcox published a table in his book, International Migrations: Volume II Interpretations, that estimated the 1929 world population to be roughly 1.8 billion. <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:1929_world_population_estimate.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/1929_world_population_estimate.png/300px-1929_world_population_estimate.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="172" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1382" data-file-height="794"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 172px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/1929_world_population_estimate.png/300px-1929_world_population_estimate.png" data-width="300" data-height="172" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/1929_world_population_estimate.png/450px-1929_world_population_estimate.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/1929_world_population_estimate.png/600px-1929_world_population_estimate.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/League_of_Nations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Statistical_Institute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Statistical Institute">International Statistical Institute</a> estimates of the world population in 1929 </figcaption> </figure> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="Impact_of_COVID-19_on_censuses">Impact of COVID-19 on censuses</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Impact of COVID-19 on censuses" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:A_Philippine_Statistics_Authority_(PSA)_enumerator_interviews_a_resident_of_Molino_Homes_II_Subdivision.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/A_Philippine_Statistics_Authority_%28PSA%29_enumerator_interviews_a_resident_of_Molino_Homes_II_Subdivision.jpg/220px-A_Philippine_Statistics_Authority_%28PSA%29_enumerator_interviews_a_resident_of_Molino_Homes_II_Subdivision.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/A_Philippine_Statistics_Authority_%28PSA%29_enumerator_interviews_a_resident_of_Molino_Homes_II_Subdivision.jpg/220px-A_Philippine_Statistics_Authority_%28PSA%29_enumerator_interviews_a_resident_of_Molino_Homes_II_Subdivision.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/A_Philippine_Statistics_Authority_%28PSA%29_enumerator_interviews_a_resident_of_Molino_Homes_II_Subdivision.jpg/330px-A_Philippine_Statistics_Authority_%28PSA%29_enumerator_interviews_a_resident_of_Molino_Homes_II_Subdivision.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/A_Philippine_Statistics_Authority_%28PSA%29_enumerator_interviews_a_resident_of_Molino_Homes_II_Subdivision.jpg/440px-A_Philippine_Statistics_Authority_%28PSA%29_enumerator_interviews_a_resident_of_Molino_Homes_II_Subdivision.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> A census taker interviews a resident of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dasmari%C3%B1as?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dasmariñas">Dasmariñas</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philippines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, in October 2020 </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Impact">Impact</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Impact" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"> <table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2024) </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> The UNFPA predicts that the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> will threaten the successful conduct of censuses of population and housing in many countries through delays, interruptions that compromise quality, or complete cancellation of census projects. Domestic and donor financing for census may be diverted to address COVID-19 leaving census without crucial funds. Several countries have already taken decisions to postpone the census, with many others yet to announce the way forward. In some countries this is already happening.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-56">[56]</a> The pandemic has also affected the planning and implementation of censuses of agriculture in all world regions. The extent of the impact has varied according to the stages at which the censuses are, ranging from planning (i.e. staffing, procurement, preparation of frames, questionnaires), fieldwork (field training and enumeration) or data processing/analysis stages. The census of agriculture's reference period is the agricultural year. Thus, a delay in any census activity may be critical and can result in a full year postponement of the enumeration if the agricultural season is missed. Some publications have discussed the impact of COVID-19 on national censuses of agriculture.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Adaptation">Adaptation</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Adaptation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Nations Population Fund">United Nations Population Fund</a> (UNFPA) has requested a global effort to assure that even where census is delayed, census planning and preparations are not cancelled, but continue in order to assure that implementation can proceed safely when the pandemic is under control. While new census methods, including online, register-based, and hybrid approaches are being used across the world, these demand extensive planning and preconditions that cannot be created at short notice. The continuing low supply of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personal protective equipment">personal protective equipment</a> to protect against COVID-19 has immediate implications for conducting census in communities at risk of transmission. The UNFPA Procurement Office is partnering with other agencies to explore new <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Supply_chain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Supply chain">supply chains</a> and resources.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-56">[56]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <h2 id="Modern_implementation">Modern implementation</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Modern implementation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Population_and_housing_censuses_by_country?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Population and housing censuses by country">Population and housing censuses by country</a> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_national_and_international_statistical_services?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of national and international statistical services">List of national and international statistical services</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Languages_in_censuses?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Languages in censuses">Languages in censuses</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liber_Censuum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liber Censuum">Liber Censuum</a> – Record of the real estate venues of the papacy from 492 to 1192</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Race and ethnicity in censuses">Race and ethnicity in censuses</a> – Ethnic identity questions on national censuses</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Social_research?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Social research">Social research</a> – Research conducted by social scientists</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img 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Text taken from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/506491e2-2ed4-4a7d-8104-6358d0e40adc">World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 Volume 1 – Programme, concepts and definitions</a>, FAO, FAO. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/12px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="218"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/12px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/18px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/24px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> This article incorporates text from a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Free_content?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Free content">free content</a> work. 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Text taken from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8605en">National agricultural census operations and COVID-19</a>, FAO, FAO. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/12px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="218"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/12px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/18px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/24px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> This article incorporates text from a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Free_content?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Free content">free content</a> work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO (<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Impact_of_COVID-19_on_national_censuses_of_agriculture_(Status_overview)_(2020).pdf">license statement/permission</a>). Text taken from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8984en">Impact of COVID-19 on national censuses of agriculture (Status overview) (2020)</a>, FAO, FAO. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"> <h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a> United Nations (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/docs/P%26R_Rev2.pdf">Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514112357/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/docs/P%2526R_Rev2.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-05-14 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Statistical Papers: Series M No. 67/Rev. 2. p. 8. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-1-161505-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-1-161505-0">978-92-1-161505-0</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/CES_2010_Census_Recommendations_English.pdf">"CES 2010 Census Recommendations"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 2016-07-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNFPA.org&rft.atitle=Census+%26%23124%3B+UNFPA+-+United+Nations+Population+Fund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unfpa.org%2Fcensus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACensus" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorcos2017" class="citation journal cs1">Corcos, Nick (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.11141%252Fia.45.3">"Excavations in 2014 at Wade Street, Bristol - a documentary and archaeological analysis"</a>. Internet Archaeology (45). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.11141%252Fia.45.3">10.11141/ia.45.3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Excavations+in+2014+at+Wade+Street%2C+Bristol+-+a+documentary+and+archaeological+analysis&rft.issue=45&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11141%2Fia.45.3&rft.aulast=Corcos&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11141%252Fia.45.3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACensus" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a> Kathrin Levitan (auth.), A Cultural History of the British Census: Envisioning the Multitude in the Nineteenth Century, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-29824-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-29824-2">978-1-349-29824-2</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-33760-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-33760-2">978-0-230-33760-2</a> Palgrave Macmillan US 2011.</li> <li id="cite_note-Ditchburn-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ditchburn_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennifer_Ditchburn2010" class="citation news cs1">Jennifer Ditchburn (June 29, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/tories-scrap-mandatory-long-form-census/article4323276/">"Tories scrap mandatory long-form census"</a>. The Globe and Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920010502/https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/tories-scrap-mandatory-long-form-census/article4323276/">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2018. Retrieved September 23, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Tories+scrap+mandatory+long-form+census&rft.date=2010-06-29&rft.au=Jennifer+Ditchburn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbeta.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftories-scrap-mandatory-long-form-census%2Farticle4323276%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACensus" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorphy2007" class="citation book cs1">Morphy, Frances (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DYdj3AQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dresearcher%2520census%2520field%2520officer%26pg%3DPR11">Agency, Contingency and Census Process: Observations of the 2006 Indigenous Enumeration Strategy in Remote Aboriginal Australia</a>. ANU E Press. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1921313585?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1921313585"><bdi>978-1921313585</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120131341/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DYdj3AQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dresearcher%2520census%2520field%2520officer%26pg%3DPR11">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2016. <q>One researcher spent time observing... the training of Census Field Officers (CFO) and their assistants....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agency%2C+Contingency+and+Census+Process%3A+Observations+of+the+2006+Indigenous+Enumeration+Strategy+in+Remote+Aboriginal+Australia&rft.pub=ANU+E+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1921313585&rft.aulast=Morphy&rft.aufirst=Frances&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYdj3AQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dresearcher%2520census%2520field%2520officer%26pg%3DPR11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACensus" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.epic.org/privacy/census/">"The Census and Privacy"</a>. EPIC.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613025224/https://epic.org/privacy/census/">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-06-13. 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Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2006-04-18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524225948/http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3110129.NSF/f61552cc746715bcca256eb000015277/2878e9589dd56b53ca257153007fe1f5!OpenDocument">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-05-24. Retrieved 2010-11-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Managing+Confidentiality+and+Learning+about+SEIFA&rft.pub=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2006-04-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fwebsitedbs%2FD3110129.NSF%2Ff61552cc746715bcca256eb000015277%2F2878e9589dd56b53ca257153007fe1f5%21OpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACensus" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimHoraSomolBoček2010" class="citation web cs1">Grim J, Hora J, Somol P, Boček P, Pudil, P (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724190636/http://www.jos.nu/Articles/abstract.asp?article%3D264673">"Statistical Model of the 2001 Czech Census for Interactive Presentation"</a>. Journal of Official Statistics, vol. 26, no. 4. pp. 673–94. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.jos.nu/Articles/abstract.asp?article%3D264673">the original</a> on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2011-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Official+Statistics%2C+vol.+26%2C+no.+4&rft.atitle=Statistical+Model+of+the+2001+Czech+Census+for+Interactive+Presentation&rft.pages=673-94&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Grim&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Hora%2C+J&rft.au=Somol%2C+P&rft.au=Bo%C4%8Dek%2C+P&rft.au=Pudil&rft.au=P&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jos.nu%2FArticles%2Fabstract.asp%3Farticle%3D264673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACensus" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">^</a> D. Valbelle. "Les recensements dans l'Egypte pharaonique des troisième et deuxième millénaires" CRIPEL 9 (1987) 37–49.</li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">^</a> Herodotus, Histories II, 177, 2</li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">^</a> Paul Cartledge, Peter Garnsey, Erich S. Gruen Hellenistic Constructs: Essays in Culture, History, and Historiography 242 ss.</li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMissiakoulis2010" class="citation journal cs1">Missiakoulis, Spyros (2010). "Cecrops, King of Athens: the First (?) Recorded Population Census in History". International Statistical Review. 78 (3): 413–18. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1111%252Fj.1751-5823.2010.00124.x">10.1111/j.1751-5823.2010.00124.x</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:120868478">120868478</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Statistical+Review&rft.atitle=Cecrops%2C+King+of+Athens%3A+the+First+%28%3F%29+Recorded+Population+Census+in+History&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=413-18&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1751-5823.2010.00124.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A120868478%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Missiakoulis&rft.aufirst=Spyros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACensus" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3DExodus%252030:11%25E2%2580%259316%26version%3Dnrsv">Exodus 30:11–16</a></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3DNumbers%25201%25E2%2580%25934%26version%3Dnrsv">Numbers 1–4</a></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3DNumbers%252026%26version%3Dnrsv">Numbers 26</a></li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3D2%2520Samuel%252024%26version%3Dnrsv">2 Samuel 24</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3D1%2520Chronicles%252021%26version%3Dnrsv">1 Chronicles 21</a></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3D2%2520Chronicles%25202:17%26version%3Dnrsv">2 Chronicles 2:17</a></li> <li id="cite_note-Hymes-41"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Hymes_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Hymes2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Hymes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Hymes">Robert Hymes</a> (2000). John Stewart Bowman (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/columbiachronolo00john">Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture</a>. Columbia University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/columbiachronolo00john/page/12">12</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-11004-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-11004-4"><bdi>978-0-231-11004-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Columbia+Chronologies+of+Asian+History+and+Culture&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-231-11004-4&rft.au=Robert+Hymes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolumbiachronolo00john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACensus" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffrey_Hays" class="citation web cs1">Jeffrey Hays. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123032526/http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid%3D39%26catid%3D2%26subcatid%3D2">"China – Facts and Details: Han Dynasty (206 B.C. – A.D. 220)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid%3D39%26catid%3D2%26subcatid%3D2">the original</a> on 2010-11-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+%E2%80%93+Facts+and+Details%3A+Han+Dynasty+%28206+B.C.+%E2%80%93+A.D.+220%29&rft.au=Jeffrey+Hays&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactsanddetails.com%2Fchina.php%3Fitemid%3D39%26catid%3D2%26subcatid%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACensus" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Twitchett-43"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Twitchett_43-0">^</a> Twitchett, D., Loewe, M., and Fairbank, J.K. Cambridge History of China: The Ch'in and Han Empires 221 B.C.–A.D. 220. Cambridge University Press (1986), p. 240.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENishijima1986595–96-44">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENishijima1986595%E2%80%9396_44-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENishijima1986595%E2%80%9396_44-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFNishijima1986">Nishijima (1986)</a>, pp. 595–96.</li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoon1985" class="citation journal cs1">Yoon, H. (1985). "An early Chinese idea of a dynamic environmental cycle". <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GeoJournal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="GeoJournal">GeoJournal</a>. 10 (2): 211–12. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1007%252Fbf00150742">10.1007/bf00150742</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:189888642">189888642</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GeoJournal&rft.atitle=An+early+Chinese+idea+of+a+dynamic+environmental+cycle&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=211-12&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fbf00150742&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A189888642%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Yoon&rft.aufirst=H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACensus" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://factsanddetails.com/china/cat2/sub2/entry-5426.html">"Han Dynasty Government"</a>. Facts and Details. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714010834/https://factsanddetails.com/china/cat2/sub2/entry-5426.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Facts+and+Details&rft.atitle=Han+Dynasty+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffactsanddetails.com%2Fchina%2Fcat2%2Fsub2%2Fentry-5426.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACensus" class="Z3988">[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source</a>]</li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://censusindia.gov.in/Data_Products/Library/Indian_perceptive_link/History_link/censushistory.htm">"Census Commissioner of India – Historical Background"</a>. Govt. of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819100814/http://censusindia.gov.in/Data_Products/Library/Indian_perceptive_link/History_link/censushistory.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-08-19. Retrieved 2011-08-12. <q>The records of census conducted appears from 300 BC.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+Commissioner+of+India+%E2%80%93+Historical+Background&rft.pub=Govt.+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2FData_Products%2FLibrary%2FIndian_perceptive_link%2FHistory_link%2Fcensushistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACensus" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Walter_Scheidel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Walter Scheidel">Scheidel, Walter</a> (2009) Rome and China: comparative perspectives on ancient world empires. Oxford University Press, p. 28.</li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Livy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Livy">Livy</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita_(book)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ab urbe condita (book)">Ab urbe condita</a> 1.42</li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Livy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Livy">Livy</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita_(book)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ab urbe condita (book)">Ab urbe condita</a> 1.42, citing <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fabius_Pictor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabius Pictor">Fabius Pictor</a></li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3DLuke%25202:1%25E2%2580%25932%26version%3Dnrsv">Luke 2:1–2</a></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N._T._Wright?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="N. T. Wright">Wright, Nicholas</a> (9 March 1993). Who Was Jesus?. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. pp. 88–89. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0802806949?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0802806949"><bdi>978-0802806949</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Was+Jesus%3F&rft.pages=88-89&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1993-03-09&rft.isbn=978-0802806949&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACensus" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFal-Qādī2008" class="citation journal cs1">al-Qādī, Wadād (July 2008). 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(2001). 154</li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillcox1931" class="citation journal cs1">Willcox, Walter (1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nber.org/chapters/c5103.pdf">"International Migrations, Volume II: Interpretations"</a> (PDF). NBER. 78 (3): 309. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1931GeogJ..78..309C">1931GeogJ..78..309C</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.2307%252F1784930">10.2307/1784930</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1784930">1784930</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425122720/http://www.nber.org/chapters/c5103.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2016-04-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBER&rft.atitle=International+Migrations%2C+Volume+II%3A+Interpretations&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=309&rft.date=1931&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1784930%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1784930&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1931GeogJ..78..309C&rft.aulast=Willcox&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nber.org%2Fchapters%2Fc5103.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACensus" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-:0-56">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_56-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Census?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_56-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/Census_COVID19_digital.pdf">Technical Brief on the Implications of COVID-19 on Census</a> (PDF). 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Counting People: The Census in History. Harcourt, Brace & Company. [<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>]</li> <li>Behrisch, Lars. (2016) "Statistics and Politics in the 18th Century." Historical Social Research/Historische Sozialforschung (2016): 238–57.</li> <li>Bielenstein, Hans, (1978). "Wang Mang, the restoration of the Han dynasty, and Later Han." In The Cambridge History of China, vol. 1, eds. Denis Twitchett and John K. Fairbank, pp. 223–90, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</li> <li>Krüger, Stephen, (Fall 1991). "The Decennial Census", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://wsulawreview.org/Volume19Articles.pdf">19 Western State University Law Review 1</a>; available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection%3Djournals%26handle%3Dhein.journals/wsulr19%26div%3D6%26id%3D%26page%3D">HeinOnline</a> (subscription required).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id%3D297">Effects of UK 'Jedi' hoax on 2001 UK census from ONS</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20040214151945/http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/miscellaneous/000507.html">U.S. Census Press Release on 1930 Census</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20050227224505/http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/spring_2002_soundex_projects.html">U.S. Census Press Release on Soundex and WPA</a>.</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNishijima1986" class="citation cs2">Nishijima, Sadao (1986), "The economic and social history of Former Han", in Twitchett, Denis; Loewe, Michael (eds.), Cambridge History of China: Volume I: the Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C. – A.D. 220, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 545–607, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24327-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24327-8"><bdi>978-0-521-24327-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+economic+and+social+history+of+Former+Han&rft.btitle=Cambridge+History+of+China%3A+Volume+I%3A+the+Ch%27in+and+Han+Empires%2C+221+B.C.+%E2%80%93+A.D.+220&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=545-607&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24327-8&rft.aulast=Nishijima&rft.aufirst=Sadao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACensus" class="Z3988"></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Census&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style> <div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Census" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Census">Census</a>. </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%25C3%25A6dia_Britannica/Census">"Census" </a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Census&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACensus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/">Census of Ireland 1911</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507023856/http://www.histpop.org/">Online Historical Population Reports Project (OHPR)</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tesionline.com/intl/thesis.jsp?idt%3D8384">PR as a function of census management: comparative analysis of fifteen census experiences</a></li> </ul> <div 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D2%25A1_%25D0%25B8%25D2%25AB%25D3%2599%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D1%2583" title="Халыҡ иҫәбен алыу – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Халыҡ иҫәбен алыу" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BF%25D1%2596%25D1%2581_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D1%2586%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Перапіс насельніцтва – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перапіс насельніцтва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BF%25D1%2596%25D1%2581_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D1%2586%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Перапіс насельніцтва – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Перапіс насельніцтва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="जनगणना – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जनगणना" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B1%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D1%258F%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE" title="Преброяване на населението – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Преброяване на населението" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niveradeg" title="Niveradeg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Niveradeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cens_de_poblaci%25C3%25B3" title="Cens de població – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cens de població" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2587%25D1%258B%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2585%25D1%2583" title="Çырсатуху – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çырсатуху" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C4%258D%25C3%25ADt%25C3%25A1n%25C3%25AD_lidu" title="Sčítání lidu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sčítání lidu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuverengwa_kweVanhu" title="Kuverengwa kweVanhu – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kuverengwa kweVanhu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyfrifiad" title="Cyfrifiad – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyfrifiad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folket%25C3%25A6lling" title="Folketælling – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Folketælling" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksz%25C3%25A4hlung" title="Volkszählung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Volkszählung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahvaloendus" title="Rahvaloendus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rahvaloendus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2591%25CF%2580%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B3%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CF%2586%25CE%25AE" title="Απογραφή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Απογραφή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censo_(estad%25C3%25ADstica)" title="Censo (estadística) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Censo (estadística)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popolnombrado" title="Popolnombrado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Popolnombrado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zentsu_(estatistika)" title="Zentsu (estatistika) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zentsu (estatistika)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C" title="سرشماری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرشماری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recensement_de_la_population" title="Recensement de la population – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Recensement de la population" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkstelling" title="Folkstelling – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Folkstelling" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daon%25C3%25A1ireamh" title="Daonáireamh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Daonáireamh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censo" title="Censo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Censo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%259D%25B8%25EA%25B5%25AC_%25EC%25A1%25B0%25EC%2582%25AC" title="인구 조사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인구 조사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2584%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580%25D5%25A4%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B0%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B4%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580" title="Մարդահամար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարդահամար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="जनगणना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जनगणना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popis_stanovni%25C5%25A1tva" title="Popis stanovništva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Popis stanovništva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demografiala_kontado" title="Demografiala kontado – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Demografiala kontado" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensus" title="Sensus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sensus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censo" title="Censo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Censo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manntal" title="Manntal – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Manntal" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censimento" title="Censimento – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Censimento" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259E%25D7%25A4%25D7%25A7%25D7%2593_%25D7%2590%25D7%2595%25D7%259B%25D7%259C%25D7%2595%25D7%25A1%25D7%2599%25D7%259F" title="מפקד אוכלוסין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מפקד אוכלוסין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacah_sirah" title="Cacah sirah – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Cacah sirah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%259C%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B2%2597%25E0%25B2%25A3%25E0%25B2%25A4%25E0%25B2%25BF_(%25E0%25B2%2597%25E0%25B2%25A3%25E0%25B2%25A4%25E0%25B2%25BF)" title="ಜನಗಣತಿ (ಗಣತಿ) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜನಗಣತಿ (ಗಣತಿ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25AE%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1_%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A6%25E1%2583%25AC%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590" title="მოსახლეობის აღწერა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მოსახლეობის აღწერა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D2%259B_%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D2%2593%25D1%258B" title="Халық санағы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Халық санағы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensa" title="Sensa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sensa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BB_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BE" title="Эл каттоо – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эл каттоо" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census" title="Census – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Census" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tautas_skait%25C4%25AB%25C5%25A1ana" title="Tautas skaitīšana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tautas skaitīšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyventoj%25C5%25B3_sura%25C5%25A1ymas" title="Gyventojų surašymas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gyventojų surašymas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensus" title="Sensus – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Sensus" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voukst%25C3%25A8lling" title="Voukstèlling – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Voukstèlling" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%25C3%25A9psz%25C3%25A1ml%25C3%25A1l%25C3%25A1s" title="Népszámlálás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Népszámlálás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581" title="Попис – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Попис" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanisam-bahoaka" title="Fanisam-bahoaka – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fanisam-bahoaka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B5%2587%25E0%25B4%25B7%25E0%25B5%2581%25E0%25B4%25AE%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25BF" title="കാനേഷുമാരി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാനേഷുമാരി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="जनगणना – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जनगणना" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C" title="سرشماری – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سرشماری" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banci" title="Banci – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Banci" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D2%25AF%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D1%258B%25D0%25BD_%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE" title="Хүн амын тооллого – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хүн амын тооллого" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2581%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%25AB%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8" title="သန်းခေါင်စာရင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သန်းခေါင်စာရင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkstelling" title="Volkstelling – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Volkstelling" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="जनगणना – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जनगणना" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2583_%25E0%25A4%2596%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="मिल्याः खाज्या – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मिल्याः खाज्या" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259B%25BD%25E5%258B%25A2%25E8%25AA%25BF%25E6%259F%25BB" title="国勢調査 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国勢調査" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B0%25D1%2585%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Нахбагарбар – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Нахбагарбар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folketelling" title="Folketelling – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Folketelling" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folketeljing" title="Folketeljing – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Folketeljing" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25A6%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A9%2581%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A9%2580" title="ਮਰਦਮਸ਼ੁਮਾਰੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਰਦਮਸ਼ੁਮਾਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25DA%25A9_%25DA%25AF%25DD%25A8%25DD%25A8" title="لوک گݨݨ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لوک گݨݨ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4%25D9%2585%25DB%2590%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586%25D9%2587" title="سرشمېرنه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سرشمېرنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censiment" title="Censiment – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Censiment" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zensus" title="Zensus – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Zensus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spis_statystyczny" title="Spis statystyczny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spis statystyczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censo_demogr%25C3%25A1fico" title="Censo demográfico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Censo demográfico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recens%25C4%2583m%25C3%25A2nt" title="Recensământ – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Recensământ" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runa_yupay" title="Runa yupay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Runa yupay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%258C_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Перепись населения – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Перепись населения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A2%25D8%25AF%25D9%2585_%25D8%25B4%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C" title="آدم شماری – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="آدم شماری" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regjistrimi_i_popullsis%25C3%25AB" title="Regjistrimi i popullsisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Regjistrimi i popullsisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinsimentu" title="Cinsimentu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cinsimentu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%25A2%25E0%25B6%25B1_%25E0%25B7%2583%25E0%25B6%2582%25E0%25B6%259C%25E0%25B6%25AB%25E0%25B6%25B1" title="ජන සංගණන – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජන සංගණන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census" title="Census – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Census" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A2%25D8%25AF%25D9%2585%25D8%25B4%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A" title="آدمشماري – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آدمشماري" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C4%258D%25C3%25ADtanie_obyvate%25C4%25BEstva" title="Sčítanie obyvateľstva – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sčítanie obyvateľstva" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popis_prebivalstva" title="Popis prebivalstva – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Popis prebivalstva" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25DB%2595%25D8%25B1%25DA%2598%25D9%2585%25DB%258E%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="سەرژمێریی دانیشتووان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەرژمێریی دانیشتووان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581_%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2588%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Попис становништва – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Попис становништва" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popis_stanovni%25C5%25A1tva" title="Popis stanovništva – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Popis stanovništva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C3%25A9nsus" title="Sénsus – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sénsus" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%25C3%25A4est%25C3%25B6nlaskenta" title="Väestönlaskenta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Väestönlaskenta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkr%25C3%25A4kning" title="Folkräkning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Folkräkning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senso" title="Senso – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Senso" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B3%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%258A%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%2588%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25A3%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%2586%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%2581" title="மக்கள் தொகைக் கணக்கெடுப்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மக்கள் தொகைக் கணக்கெடுப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uddun_n_imezda%25C9%25A3" title="Uddun n imezdaɣ – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Uddun n imezdaɣ" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D2%2596%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D3%2599%25D0%25BF" title="Җанисәп – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җанисәп" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%259C%25E0%25B0%25A8%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25AD%25E0%25B0%25BE_%25E0%25B0%2597%25E0%25B0%25A3%25E0%25B0%25A8" title="జనాభా గణన – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జనాభా గణన" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%25B3%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%2599" title="สำมะโน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สำมะโน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D3%25AF%25D0%25B9%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B0%25D2%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D3%25A3" title="Барӯйхатгирии аҳолӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Барӯйхатгирии аҳолӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%25C3%25BCfus_say%25C4%25B1m%25C4%25B1" title="Nüfus sayımı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nüfus sayımı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D1%258F" title="Перепис населення – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перепис населення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF%25D9%2585_%25D8%25B4%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C" title="مردم شماری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مردم شماری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%2590i%25E1%25BB%2581u_tra_d%25C3%25A2n_s%25E1%25BB%2591" title="Điều tra dân số – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điều tra dân số" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senso" title="Senso – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Senso" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E5%258F%25A3%25E6%2599%25AE%25E6%259F%25A5" title="人口普查 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="人口普查" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A6%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A0%25D7%2596%25D7%2595%25D7%25A1" title="צענזוס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צענזוס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E5%258F%25A3%25E6%2599%25AE%25E6%259F%25A5" title="人口普查 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="人口普查" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E5%258F%25A3%25E6%2599%25AE%25E6%259F%25A5" title="人口普查 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="人口普查" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 23:33 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" 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