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href="../vanadium/">Vanadium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link p" href="../xenon/">Xenon</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item f"><a class="pure-menu-link f" href="../ytterbium/">Ytterbium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../yttrium/">Yttrium</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../zinc/">Zinc</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../zirconium/">Zirconium</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-open pure-menu-horizontal centre" role="navigation" style="background: #000 url(../_media/elements/discharge/Ar.png) repeat-y center; background-size:contain;"> <span><a class="pure-menu-heading" href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/webelements/"><img height="30" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements logo"></a> <a class="white" href="./">Argon - <sub>18</sub>Ar</a>  <audio id="myAudio_f"> <source src="../_media/elements/snds_f/Ar.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">Your user agent does not support the HTML5 Audio element. </audio> <button class="pure-button p_button" style=" display: inline;" type="button" onclick="audf_play_pause()"> 🔊  </button> <script> function audf_play_pause() { var myAudiof = document.getElementById("myAudio_f"); if (myAudiof.paused) { myAudiof.play(); } else { myAudiof.pause(); }} </script></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main">  <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <a href="#" class="pure-menu-link pure-menu-heading">▸▸</a> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇬🇧 Argon</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇺🇦 Аргон</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇨🇳 氬</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇳🇱 Argon</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇫🇷 Argon</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇩🇪 Argon</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇱 ארגון</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇹 Argo</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇯🇵 アルゴン</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇵🇹 Argão</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇪🇸 Argón</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇸🇪 Argon</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇷🇺 Аргон</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="google_navbar_positioning"> <form action="https://www.google.com" id="cse-search-box"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-9334432533380510:6223510783"> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8"> <input type="text" name="q" size="28"> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search"> </div> </form> <script> </script> </div> </div> </div> <main> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <h1 class="p">Argon - <sub><small>18</small></sub>Ar: the essentials</h1> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <ul class="pure-menu-list z_menu"> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a href="../argon/" class="pure-menu-link">▸▸ Ar Essentials</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../argon/physics.html">Physical properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../argon/atoms.html">Electron shell data</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../argon/atom_sizes.html">Atom sizes</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../argon/electronegativity.html">Electronegativity</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../argon/isotopes.html" >Isotopes and NMR</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../argon/crystal_structure.html">Crystal structure</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../argon/thermochemistry.html">Thermochemistry</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../argon/history.html">History</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../argon/uses.html">Uses</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../argon/geology.html">Geology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../argon/biology.html">Biology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../argon/compounds.html">Binary compounds</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../argon/compound_properties.html" >Compound properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../argon/chemistry.html">Element reactions</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item p"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../argon/contents.html">List all Ar properties</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-2">  <ul class="ul_facts_table"> <li><a href="../periodicity/name_english/" title="Element names">Name</a>: argon</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/name_english/" title="Element symbol">Symbol</a>: Ar</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/atomic_number/" title="Element atomic number">Atomic number</a>: 18 </li> <li><a href="../periodicity/atomic_weight/" title="Element atomic weight">Relative atomic mass (<i>A</i><sub>r</sub>)</a>: 39.948 (1) g, r [see notes <a href="../periodicity/atomic_weight/index.html#footnote_g">g</a> <a href="../periodicity/atomic_weight/index.html#footnote_r">r</a>] </li> <li><a href="../periodicity/standard_state/" title="Element standard state">Standard state</a>: gas at 298 K</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/standard_state/" title="Element colour">Appearance</a>: colourless</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/classification/" title="Classification of argon as metal, non-metal, or semi-metal">Classification</a>: Non-metallic </li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-2"> <ul class="ul_facts_table"> <li><a href="../periodicity/group_number/" title="The group within which argon is located">Group in periodic table</a>: 18</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/group_number/" title="The name of the group (if there is one) within which argon is located">Group name</a>: Noble gas</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/group_number/" title="The period within which argon is located">Period in periodic table</a>: 3</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/group_number/" title="The block within which argon is located">Block in periodic table</a>: p</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/electron_shell_structure/" title="Shell structure">Shell structure</a>: 2.8.8 </li> <li><a href="../periodicity/cas_registry_id/" title="Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Registry numbers for the elements">CAS Registry</a>: 7440-37-1</li> </ul> </div> </div> <p class="p_first"> Argon atoms have 18 electrons and the <strong><a href="../periodicity/electron_shell_structure/">shell structure</a></strong> is 2.8.8. The <strong> <a href="../periodicity/electronic_configuration/">ground state electronic configuration of neutral argon is</a></strong> [<strong>Ne</strong>].<strong>3s</strong><sup>2</sup>.<strong>3p</strong><sup>6</sup> and the <strong><a href="../periodicity/term_symbol/">term symbol of argon </a> is</strong> <sup>1</sup><strong>S</strong><sub>0</sub>. </p> <h2 class="p">Argon: description  <audio id="myAudio_desc"> <source src="../_media/elements/snds_description/Ar.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">Your user agent does not support the HTML5 Audio element. </audio> <button class="pure-button p_button" style="display: inline;" type="button" onclick="auddesc_play_pause()">🔊</button> <script> function auddesc_play_pause() { var myAudiodesc = document.getElementById("myAudio_desc"); if (myAudiodesc.paused) { myAudiodesc.play(); } else { myAudiodesc.pause(); }} </script> </h2> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <p class="p_first">Argon is a colourless and odourless gas present to a very small extent in the atmosphere. Argon is very inert (indeed it is referred to as one of the noble gases) and is not known to form true chemical compounds. It makes a good atmosphere for working with air-sensitive materials since it is heavier than air and less reactive than N<sub>2</sub>. Today, the chemical symbol for argon is Ar but until 1957 its sybol was simply A.</p> <p class="pure-img"><img src="../_media/elements/element_pictures/Ar.jpg" alt="argon" /><br />Image adapted with permission from <a href="https://chemistry.unt.edu/people-node/james-l-marshall">Prof James Marshall</a>'s (U. North Texas, USA) <em>Walking Tour of the elements</em> CD.</p> </div> </div>  <div class="pure-g display_table"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-1 pure-u-lg-1-2"> <h2 class="p">Argon: physical properties</h2> <ul class="spark_table_list"> <li><a href="../periodicity/density/" title="view definition and images showing periodicity for density of elemental solids"><img alt="Density of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /> Density of solid</a>: 1616 kg m<sup>-3</sup></li> <li><a href="../periodicity/molar_volume/" title="view definition and images showing periodicity for molar volumes of the elements"><img alt="Molar volume of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /> Molar volume</a>: 22.56 cm<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="../periodicity/thermal_conduct/" title="show definition and view pictures showing periodicity of thermal conductivity in the periodic table"><img alt="Thermal conductivity of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /> Thermal conductivity</a>: 0.01772 W m<sup>‑1</sup> K<sup>‑1</sup></li> </ul> <p><a class="pure-button" href="./physics.html">More physical properties...</a></p> </div> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-1 pure-u-lg-1-2"> <h2 class="p">Argon: heat properties</h2> <ul class="spark_table_list"> <li><a href="../periodicity/melting_point/" title="show definition and view pictures showing periodicity of melting point in the periodic table"><img alt="Melting point on a miniature periodic table spark table" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /> Melting point</a>: 83.8 [‑189.3 °C (‑308.7 °F)] K</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/boiling_point/" title="show definition and view pictures showing periodicity of boiling point in the periodic table"><img alt="Boiling point on a miniature periodic table spark table" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /> Boiling point</a>: 87.3 [‑185.8 °C (‑302.4 °F)] K</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/enthalpy_fusion/" title="show definition and view pictures showing periodicity of fusion enthalpy in the periodic table"><img alt="Enthalpy of fusion on a miniature periodic table spark table" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /> Enthalpy of fusion</a>: 20.5 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup></li> </ul> <p><a class="pure-button" href="./thermochemistry.html">More thermochemical properties...</a></p> </div> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-1 pure-u-lg-1-2"> <h2 class="p">Argon: atom sizes</h2> <ul class="spark_table_list"> <li><a href="../periodicity/atom_radius_emp/" title="View atomic radius data for the elements"><img alt="Atomic radius (empirical) of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /> Atomic radius (empirical)</a>: (no data) pm</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/rad_cov_single/" title="View molecular single bond covalent radii data for the elements"><img alt="Covalent (single bond) radius on a periodic table spark table" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /> Molecular single bond covalent radius</a>: 96 (coordination number 1,2) ppm</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/van_der_waals_rad/" title="View van der Waals' radius data for the elements"><img alt="van der Waals radius on a periodic table spark table" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /> van der Waals radius</a>: 183 ppm</li> </ul> <p><a class="pure-button" href="./atom_sizes.html">More atomc size properties...</a></p> </div> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-1 pure-u-lg-1-2"> <h2 class="p">Argon: electronegativities</h2> <ul class="spark_table_list"> <li><a href="../periodicity/eneg_pauling/" title="View definition and pictures showing periodicity of Pauling electronegativity"><img alt="Pauling electronegativity of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /> Pauling electronegativity</a>: (no data) (Pauling units)</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/eneg_allred_rochow/" title="View definition and pictures showing periodicity of Allred Rochow electronegativity"><img alt="Allred-Rochow electronegativity of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table" src="data:image/png;base64,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" />Allred Rochow electronegativity</a>: 3.20 (Pauling units)</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/eneg_mulliken_j/" title="View definition and pictures showing periodicity of Mulliken-Jaffe electronegativity"><img alt="Mulliken-Jaffe electronegativity of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAFAAAAAwCAIAAAF+gFo2AAAABGdBTUEAANkDQtZPoQAAAAlwSFlzAAALEwAACxMBAJqcGAAAACR0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUAUXVpY2tUaW1lIDcuNS41IChNYWMgT1MgWCkADDxZHwAAAAd0SU1FB9kBEhYYInFFV5wAAANaSURBVHic7Zq9TvMwFIaPS/kVCBBCXRhYOjGwM4OYuRQugIlL6CVwB2yoHTOy0QHxJ8TPAqISEqISRcr32m+az2napmloIkgeVbRJbJ9jH59jHweRSNyzs947h4fu1pYrovTF7W3j7s5/tvv5Kefn8voqDw8lfWN5OVD340O+vmR+XjY3I+QqftXr9fCzvb29SLWfn3vv1GruwYE7Pa0bd9vthuP8V7tUkstLeXuD8ur0tCRzc4G6T09SLmu1Z2ejBFPzCLXd4+PodnrUr1a9tt2XF7m5UTs7w0qfnAjM4rqwg9zfY9CV45T1k5UV2djoqx7YnZqS729ptQTDhDFYX9eXwHGMZNiu1WpcXMTSHN1W/sUgyX2rxRIzIZKZCrOw2VT7+8NK12raVDDS1ZX+dDqoaUwFGywtRciCOfHZ3pbVValUtHN5dkbNSmWgnTHf4YqY1jAvxMzMyOIiTW0qYxoYP+mPUtoV1tbk/V1PErg4vN7QVXthYWDlx0ftShCOyigJhdttPc+8ARt3hsUq30ui6VlKJPo3A9cYwztiS6lW6VDiG8oL7s2mvjXUuSKahusBrl9wQAAH9P92Or7IsleDXhHplZHAZ/2/cF4A/wVwYQAnEB1zLcEUaR6PPkeJdnYxS6+YlQwwqLMz8H0A9/fvG7qCEQr8onFRZvAQKwDCBYDTA66u3Bp0Q0dIMEUOiSRDQJDRLZmm2G8KZpscXoQdYCKPpy2/XD7GGigSNxDFJeM1ToVvxZ1coxDuZX5jZu5If5HIbHJltjpl1uPMlsXMe5z6epx5j1PfCGTe49R3IJlHrtS3PsVGIDXyt9nLn+CCgr9GIG7ZqYQ6OkpdmZ/ET1iAur72f+cuegQtbL+4MTmUVyhBJpUELwsj1psuLyMjzMjCv02ORuxO5s7C5cCVnUMkzxmTw3wz/JsZKGEeSpiNEu6YifVCMecWtq1qjdYk9ps2XmZNmHURZtnEyqkDM5F5N2H2HS5vkXML8zSAjHcmMB7KiqM8TyA8VSDMtIn9It/+X4TQaUOYnFvYtup4ZyDjwZMTUrZUsv3ZtrCtpx2NebpCrDMWm9xZOLjTskfLnPmQSZ/8TBr7BCJ3Fi746/Q5xwsz6Z3WTzHKC/Dc+XDR4YKC380/TKxVsHj7jmIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" />Mulliken-Jaffe electronegativity</a>: 3.19 (12.5% s orbital)</li> </ul> <p><a class="pure-button" href="./electronegativity.html">More electronegativity properties...</a></p> </div> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-1 pure-u-lg-1-2"> <h2 class="p">Argon: orbital properties</h2> <ul class="spark_table_list"> <li><a href="../periodicity/ionis_energy_1/" title="View definition and pictures showing first ionisation energies"><img alt="First ionization energy the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /> First ionisation energy</a>: 1520.57 kJ mol<sup>‑1</sup></li> <li><a href="../periodicity/ionis_energy_2/" title="View definition and pictures showing second ionisation energies"><img alt="Second ionization energy the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /> Second ionisation energy</a>: 2665.86 kJ mol<sup>‑1</sup></li> <li><a href="../periodicity/ionis_energy_3/" title="View definition and pictures showing third ionisation energies"><img alt="Third ionization energy the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /> Third ionisation energy</a>: 3930 kJ mol<sup>‑1</sup></li> </ul> <p><a class="pure-button" href="./atoms.html">More orbital properties...</a></p> </div> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-1 pure-u-lg-1-2"> <h2 class="p">Argon: abundances</h2> <ul class="spark_table_list"> <li><a href="../periodicity/abund_universe/" title="Definitions and pictures showing periodicity of element abundances in the universe"><img alt="Chemical elements abundance by weight in the universe on a miniature periodic table spark table" src="data:image/png;base64,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" />Universe</a>: 200000 ppb by weight</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/abund_crust/" title="Definitions and pictures showing periodicity of element abundances in the earth's crust"><img alt="Chemical elements abundance by weight in the earth's crust on a miniature periodic table spark table" src="data:image/png;base64,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" />Crustal rocks</a>: 1500 ppb by weight</li> <li><a href="../periodicity/abund_humans/" title="Abundance in humans of the chemical elements displayed graphically"><img alt="Chemical elements abundance by weight in humans on a miniature periodic table spark table" src="data:image/png;base64,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" />Human</a>: (no data) ppb by weight</li> </ul> <p><a class="pure-button" href="./geology.html">More geological data...</a></p> </div> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-1 pure-u-lg-1-2"> <h2 class="p">Argon: crystal structure</h2> <figure><img class="pure-img" src="../_media/elements/crystal_structure_image/Ar-sf.jpg" alt="Ar crystal structure"><figcaption>The solid state structure of argon is: ccp (cubic close-packed).</figcaption></figure> <p><a class="pure-button" href="./crystal_structure.html">More crystallographic data...</a></p> </div> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-1 pure-u-lg-1-2"> <h2 class="p">Argon: biological data</h2> <ul class="spark_table_list"> <li><a href="../periodicity/abund_humans/" title="View definition and pictures showing human abundance by weight"><img alt="Human abundance by weight of the chemical elements on a miniature periodic table spark table" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /> Human abundance by weight</a>: (no data) ppb by weight</li> </ul> <p class="p_first">Argon has no biological role.</p> <p><a class="pure-button" href="./biology.html">More biological data...</a></p> <div> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:300px;height:250px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-9334432533380510" data-ad-slot="2897369985"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </div> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-1 pure-u-lg-1-2"> <h2 class="p">Argon: uses</h2> <p><a class="pure-button" href="./uses.html">Uses...</a></p> </div> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-1 pure-u-lg-1-2"> <h2 class="p">Argon: reactions</h2> <p> Reactions of argon as the element with air, water, halogens, acids, and bases where known. </p> <p><a class="pure-button" href="./chemistry.html">View reactions of argon...</a></p> </div> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-1 pure-u-lg-1-2"> <h2 class="p">Argon: binary compounds</h2> <p> Binary compounds with halogens (known as halides), oxygen (known as oxides), hydrogen (known as hydrides), and other compounds of argon where known. </p> <p><a class="pure-button" href="./compounds.html">View binary compounds...</a></p> </div> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-1 pure-u-lg-1-2"> <h2 class="p">Argon: compound properties</h2> <p> Bond strengths; lattice energies of argon halides, hydrides, oxides (where known); and reduction potentials where known. </p> <p><a class="pure-button" href="./compound_properties.html">View compound properties...</a></p> </div> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-1 pure-u-lg-1-2"> <h2 class="p">Argon: history</h2> <strong>Argon</strong> was <a href="../periodicity/discovery/" title="Further information on element discoveries">discovered</a> by Sir William Ramsay, Lord Rayleigh in 1894 at UCL, London, England. <a href="../periodicity/discovery/" title="Further information on element discoveries">Origin of name</a>: from the Greek word "<em>argos</em>" meaning "<em>inactive</em>". <p><a class="pure-button" href="./history.html">More history...</a></p> </div> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-1 pure-u-lg-1-2"> <h2 class="p">Argon: isotopes</h2> <div><figure><img class="pure-img" src="../_media/elements/isotopes/isotope_abundance_Ar.png" alt="Isotope abundances of argon" /><figcaption>Isotope abundances of argon with the most intense signal set to 100%.</figcaption></figure></div> <p class="p_first">Argon isotopes are used as precursors in the production of radioisotopes. Ar-40 and Ar-38 are used in the production of radioactive K-38 which can be used as a blood flow tracer. Ar-40 is used in the production of radioactive Ar-41 which is used to trace gas flows.</p> <p><a class="pure-button" href="./isotopes.html">More isotope and NMR data...</a></p> </div> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-1 pure-u-lg-1-1"> <h2 class="p">Argon: isolation</h2> <p class="p_first"> <a href="../periodicity/isolation/" title="literature sources referring to isolation of pure argon">Isolation</a>: argon is present to a small extent in the atmosphere and is obtained as a byproduct from the liquefaction and separation of air. This would not normally be carried out in the laboratory and argon is available commercially in cylinders at high pressure.</p> </div> </div>  </main> <div id="footer"> <footer> <div class="footer"> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Key properties</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/eneg_pauling/">Electronegativity </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/melting_point/">Melting point</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/density/">Density </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/molar_volume/">Molar volume</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/ionis_energy_1/">Ionization energy (1st)</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/covalent_radius/">Covalent radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/metallic_radius/">Metallic radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/abund_crust/">Abundance: earth's crust</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Shop</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">Sorry, shop closed</li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Social</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/webelements.periodic.table">Facebook</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://twitter.com/periodic_table">Twitter</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.pinterest.com/periodictable/">Pinterest</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Administration</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/your-privacy/" title="Your privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/about-webelements/" title="About WebElements">About</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/" title="Copyright information about WebElements">Copyright</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/acknowledgements/" title="Acknowledgements">Thanks...</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <address> <p> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/"><img class="logo_m" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements home" /></a><br /> <strong>WebElements:</strong> THE periodic table on the WWW [<a href="https://www.webelements.com/">www.webelements.com</a>]<br /> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/">Copyright </a> 1993-2024 <a href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/">Mark Winter</a> [ <a href="https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/chemistry/">The University of Sheffield </a> and WebElements Ltd, UK]. 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