CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism - Google Books</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/books/css/_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb/kl_viewport_kennedy_full_bundle.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet"href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Product+Sans:wght@400"><script src="/books/javascript/v2_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb__en.js"></script><script>_OC_Hooks = ["_OC_Page", "_OC_SearchReload", "_OC_TocReload", "_OC_EmptyFunc", "_OC_SearchPage", "_OC_QuotePage" ];for (var _OC_i = 0; _OC_i < _OC_Hooks.length; _OC_i++) {eval("var " + _OC_Hooks[_OC_i] + ";");}function _OC_InitHooks () {for (var i = 0; i < _OC_Hooks.length; i++) {var func = arguments[i];eval( _OC_Hooks[i] + " = func;");}}</script><link rel="canonical" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Encyclopedia_of_Libertarianism.html?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Encyclopedia_of_Libertarianism.html?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC"/><meta name="title" content="The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism"/><meta name="description" content="As a continuation of the older tradition of classical liberalism, libertarian thinking draws on a rich body of thought and scholarship. Contemporary libertarian scholars are continuing that tradition by making substantial contributions to such fields as philosophy, jurisprudence, economics, evolutionary psychology, political theory, and history, in both academia and politics. With more than 300 A-to-Z signed entries written by top scholars, The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism is purposed to be a useful compilation of and introduction to libertarian scholarship. The Encyclopedia starts with an introductory essay offering an extensive historical and thematic overview of key thinkers, events, and publications in the development of libertarian thought. The Reader's Guide groups content for researchers and students alike, allowing them to study libertarianism topically, biographically, and by public policy issues.Key FeaturesEntries conclude with bibliographies and references for further reading and cross-references to related entries.Each entry provides an introduction to a topic or policy question relevant to libertarianism or a biography of a person who has had an impact on libertarianism.Editors take special care to ensure entries clearly explain libertarian approaches to issues, do not take sides on disputed matters or engage in polemics, and represent the views of all sides fairly and accurately."/><meta property="og:title" content="The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism"/><meta property="og:type" content="book"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Google Books"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE73xCBjhx7yalhQMx5LDspTitmyrJ92EZsvGWpovhJDUKxjGSp3zbgj0LgNi3l-nTvNkchlAfmX_XyJYuJ_pAa6G8Ny5MPRapkUNi3-UbCauYIVvbSmh8rS1AF7685vV_ukSlL1n"/><link rel="image_src" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE73xCBjhx7yalhQMx5LDspTitmyrJ92EZsvGWpovhJDUKxjGSp3zbgj0LgNi3l-nTvNkchlAfmX_XyJYuJ_pAa6G8Ny5MPRapkUNi3-UbCauYIVvbSmh8rS1AF7685vV_ukSlL1n"/><script></script><style>#gbar,#guser{font-size:13px;padding-top:1px !important;}#gbar{height:22px}#guser{padding-bottom:7px !important;text-align:right}.gbh,.gbd{border-top:1px solid #c9d7f1;font-size:1px}.gbh{height:0;position:absolute;top:24px;width:100%}@media all{.gb1{height:22px;margin-right:.5em;vertical-align:top}#gbar{float:left}}a.gb1,a.gb4{text-decoration:underline !important}a.gb1,a.gb4{color:#00c !important}.gbi .gb4{color:#dd8e27 !important}.gbf .gb4{color:#900 !important} #gbar { padding:.3em .6em !important;}</style></head><body class=""><div id=gbar><nobr><a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tab=pw">Search</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/imghp?hl=en&tab=pi">Images</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://maps.google.com.sg/maps?hl=en&tab=pl">Maps</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://play.google.com/?hl=en&tab=p8">Play</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.youtube.com/?tab=p1">YouTube</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://news.google.com/?tab=pn">News</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://mail.google.com/mail/?tab=pm">Gmail</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://drive.google.com/?tab=po">Drive</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 style="text-decoration:none" href="https://www.google.com.sg/intl/en/about/products?tab=ph"><u>More</u> »</a></nobr></div><div id=guser width=100%><nobr><span id=gbn class=gbi></span><span id=gbf class=gbf></span><span id=gbe></span><a target=_top id=gb_70 href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DyxNgXs3TkJYC%26q%3Dwealth%26source%3Dgbs_word_cloud_r%26hl%3Den&hl=en&ec=GAZACg" class=gb4>Sign in</a></nobr></div><div class=gbh style=left:0></div><div class=gbh style=right:0></div><div role="alert" style="position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0;"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&q=wealth&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&hl=en&output=html_text" title="Screen reader users: click this link for accessible mode. Accessible mode has the same essential features but works better with your reader."><img border="0" src="//www.google.com/images/cleardot.gif"alt="Screen reader users: click this link for accessible mode. Accessible mode has the same essential features but works better with your reader."></a></div><div class="kd-appbar"><h2 class="kd-appname"><a href="/books">Books</a></h2><div class="kd-buttonbar left" id="left-toolbar-buttons"><a id="appbar-view-print-sample-link" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&printsec=frontcover&vq=wealth&source=gbs_vpt_read"></a><a id="appbar-view-ebook-sample-link" href=""></a><a id="appbar-patents-prior-art-finder-link" href=""></a><a id="appbar-patents-discuss-this-link" href="" data-is-grant=""></a><a id="appbar-read-patent-link" href=""></a><a id="appbar-download-pdf-link" href=""></a></div><div class="kd-buttonbar right" id="right-toolbar-buttons"></div></div><div style="display: none"><ol id="ofe-gear-menu-contents" class="gbmcc"><li class="gbe gbmtc"><a class="gbmt goog-menuitem-content" id="" href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fop%3Dlibrary&hl=en">My library</a></li><li class="gbe gbmtc"><a class="gbmt goog-menuitem-content" id="" href="http://books.google.com.sg/support/topic/4359341?hl=en-SG">Help</a></li><li class="gbe gbmtc"><a class="gbmt goog-menuitem-content" id="" href="https://books.google.com.sg/advanced_book_search">Advanced Book Search</a></li></ol></div><div id="volume-main"><div id="volume-left"><div id=menu_container ><div id="menu_scroll_wrapper"><div id="menu_scroll" role="navigation"><div id="gb-get-book-container"><a id="gb-get-book-content" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&sitesec=buy&source=gbs_vpt_read">Get print book</a></div><p id="gb-get-book-not-available">No eBook available<p><h3 class=about_title><a name="buy_anchor"></a></h3><div id=buy class=about_content><div id=buy_v><ul style="list-style-type: none; padding-left: 0; margin: 0;"><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="http://knowledge.sagepub.com/view/libertarianism/SAGE.xml" dir=ltr onMouseOver="this.href='http://knowledge.sagepub.com/view/libertarianism/SAGE.xml';return false" onMouseDown="this.href='/url?client\x3dca-print-sage\x26format\x3dgoogleprint\x26num\x3d0\x26id\x3dyxNgXs3TkJYC\x26q\x3dhttp://knowledge.sagepub.com/view/libertarianism/SAGE.xml\x26usg\x3dAOvVaw0xfySpKh4-HAnA-J3U5Orl\x26source\x3dgbs_buy_r';return true"><span dir=ltr>SAGE</span></a></li><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?index=books&linkCode=qs&keywords=9781412965804" dir=ltr onMouseOver="this.href='http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?index\x3dbooks\x26linkCode\x3dqs\x26keywords\x3d9781412965804';return false" onMouseDown="this.href='/url?client\x3dca-print-sage\x26format\x3dgoogleprint\x26num\x3d0\x26id\x3dyxNgXs3TkJYC\x26q\x3dhttp://www.amazon.com/gp/search%3Findex%3Dbooks%26linkCode%3Dqs%26keywords%3D9781412965804\x26usg\x3dAOvVaw2vbC9eXpIQ9gcg1SZp7IYp\x26source\x3dgbs_buy_r';return true"><span dir=ltr>Amazon.com</span></a></li><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="http://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx?do=detail&pcode=9781412965804" dir=ltr onMouseOver="this.href='http://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx?do\x3ddetail\x26pcode\x3d9781412965804';return false" onMouseDown="this.href='/url?client\x3dca-print-sage\x26format\x3dgoogleprint\x26num\x3d0\x26id\x3dyxNgXs3TkJYC\x26q\x3dhttp://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx%3Fdo%3Ddetail%26pcode%3D9781412965804\x26usg\x3dAOvVaw0D5aFE8N6HcrEZQoUBc3cC\x26source\x3dgbs_buy_r';return true"><span dir=ltr>MPH</span></a></li><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="https://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/?q=9781412965804" dir=ltr onMouseOver="this.href='https://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/?q\x3d9781412965804';return false" onMouseDown="this.href='/url?client\x3dca-print-sage\x26format\x3dgoogleprint\x26num\x3d0\x26id\x3dyxNgXs3TkJYC\x26q\x3dhttps://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/%3Fq%3D9781412965804\x26usg\x3dAOvVaw1UtGfxiGZYiCypN_n_EYxm\x26source\x3dgbs_buy_r';return true"><span dir=ltr>Popular</span></a></li><li><hr style="margin-right: 20%; color: #666;"></li><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&pg=PA273&q=http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1025710377&clientid=librarylink&usg=AOvVaw2ahLU8AB_J4RRf0qi-NlOQ&source=gbs_buy_r"><span dir=ltr>Find in a library</span></a></li><li><a class="secondary" style="white-space:normal" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&sitesec=buy&source=gbs_buy_r" id="get-all-sellers-link"><span dir=ltr>All sellers</span> »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=menu id=menu><div class="menu_content" style="margin-bottom:6px"><div style="margin-bottom:4px"><div class="sidebarnav"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div class="sidebarcover"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&printsec=frontcover&vq=wealth" onclick="_OC_Page('PP1',this.href); return false;"><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE71qgy4qGnnTpQfogPfTDrFrz8L7dub56w19u5NvH4fLaUT58Exv_hsO90YmMiEyHLaF7jaPwNFfiYsOnCyHd3qq9VJXuXbwq6vbubQq3dFXvP6QzkCY8WjhbMpnIrQ4Z5L2V-yM" alt="Front Cover" title="Front Cover" height=80 border=1 id=summary-frontcover ></a></div></td><td></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div id="volume-info-sidebar"><h1 class="gb-volume-title" dir=ltr>The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism</h1><span class="addmd">edited by Ronald Hamowy</span></div><div style="margin-bottom:3px"><form action=/books id=search_form style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" method=get> <input type=hidden name="id" value="yxNgXs3TkJYC"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 class="swv-table"><tr><td class="swv-td-search"><span><input id=search_form_input type=text maxlength=1024 class="text_flat swv-input-search" aria-label="Search in this book" name=q value="" title="Go" accesskey=i></span></td><td class="swv-td-space"><div> </div></td><td><input type=submit value="Go"></td></tr></table><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_autoDir']) {_OC_autoDir('search_form_input');}</script></form></div><div><p><a id="sidebar-atb-link" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&vq=wealth&source=gbs_navlinks_s"><span dir=ltr>About this book</span></a></p></div></div></div><div><div id="navbarContainer" class="gb-navbar"></div><script>_OC_InitNavbar({"child_node":[{"title":"My library","url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?uid=114584440181414684107\u0026source=gbs_lp_bookshelf_list","id":"my_library","collapsed":true},{"title":"My History","url":"","id":"my_history","collapsed":true}],"highlighted_node_id":""});</script><h3 class=about_title><a name="pub_info_anchor"></a></h3><div id=pub_info class=about_content><div id=pub_info_v><table cellspacing=0><tr><td><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&pg=PA273&q=http://www.sagepub.com&clientid=ca-print-sage&linkid=1&usg=AOvVaw0sDk0jeT7DRdq7Q7ijXPN7&source=gbs_pub_info_r" style="text-decoration:none"><img width=112 height=35 border=0 src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/imgad?id=CP-YyeyBwa2a-QEQoQEYMjIIZYZA0HZCWhU" alt="SAGE"></a><tr><td style="font-size:84.6%;color:#666666">Pages displayed by permission of <a class=link_aux href="https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&pg=PA273&q=http://www.sagepub.com&clientid=ca-print-sage&linkid=1&usg=AOvVaw0sDk0jeT7DRdq7Q7ijXPN7&source=gbs_pub_info_r">SAGE</a>. <a style="color:#7777cc;white-space:normal" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&printsec=copyright&vq=wealth&source=gbs_pub_info_r">Copyright</a>. </table></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="volume-center"><div id="scroll_atb" role="main"><div id="toolbar_container"><div style="float:left;white-space:nowrap"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr><td id="l_toolbar"></td><td class=toolbar-pc-cell><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr><td class=no-jump-cell align=right><span id=page_label style="margin-right:.5em">Page 273</span></td><td class=arrow style="padding-right:2px"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&pg=PA272&lpg=PA273&focus=viewport&vq=wealth" onclick="_OC_EmptyFunc(this.href); return false;"><div class=pagination><div id=prev_btn alt="Previous Page" title="Previous Page" class="SPRITE_pagination_v2_left"></div></div></a></td><td class=arrow><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&pg=PA274&lpg=PA273&focus=viewport&vq=wealth" onclick="_OC_EmptyFunc(this.href); return false;"><div class=pagination><div id=next_btn alt="Next Page" title="Next Page" class="SPRITE_pagination_v2_right"></div></div></a></td></tr></table></td><td>  </td><td id=view_toolbar></td><td id=view_new></td></tr></table></div><div style="float:right"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr><td></td><td id="r_toolbar" style="white-space:nowrap"></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div id="search_bar"></div><div class="gback"><div id="viewport" class="viewport" tabindex="0"><a name="page" accesskey="c"></a><table class="viewport-table" id="container" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td valign="top" align="center"><noscript><style type=text/css>.imgg { width:575px;height:746px;background:#eee;padding-bottom:25px}</style><div class=imgg><div align=center><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=500 align=center style="margin-top:2em"><tr><td rowspan=2 valign=top style="width:9px;background:#fff url('/googlebooks/bbl_l.gif') top left repeat-y"><img src="/googlebooks/bbl_tl.gif" width=9 height=7 alt=""></td><td style="background:url('/googlebooks/bbl_t.gif') top left repeat-x"><img width=1 height=7 alt=""></td><td rowspan=2 valign=top style="width:10px;background:#fff url('/googlebooks/bbl_r.gif') top right repeat-y"><img src="/googlebooks/bbl_tr.gif" width=10 height=7 alt=""></td></tr><tr><td align=center style="background:#ff9;text-align:center;line-height:1.2em"><div style="margin:1em"><img width=60 height=60 align=absmiddle src="/googlebooks/restricted_logo.gif" alt=""> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:1.2em"><br>Restricted Page</span></div><div style="margin:1em" align=left>You have reached your viewing limit for this book (<a href=https://books.google.com.sg/support/answer/43729?topic=9259&hl=en>why?</a>).</div></td></tr><tr><td><img src="/googlebooks/bbl_bl.gif" width=9 height=9 alt=""></td><td style="background:url('/googlebooks/bbl_b.gif') bottom left repeat-x"><img width=1 height=9 alt=""></td><td><img src="/googlebooks/bbl_br.gif" width=10 height=9 alt=""></td></tr></table></div></div></noscript></td></tr></table></div></div><script>_OC_addFlags({Host:"https://books.google.com.sg/", IsBrowsingHistoryEnabled:1, IsBooksUnifiedLeftNavEnabled:1, IsBooksRentalEnabled:1, IsZipitFolderCollectionEnabled:1});_OC_Run({"page":[{"pid":"PP1","flags":32,"order":0,"h":745},{"pid":"PR3","order":3,"title":"iii","h":744},{"pid":"PR4","order":4,"title":"iv"},{"pid":"PR5","order":5,"title":"v"},{"pid":"PR6","order":6,"title":"vi"},{"pid":"PR7","order":7,"title":"vii"},{"pid":"PR8","order":8,"title":"viii"},{"pid":"PR9","order":9,"title":"ix"},{"pid":"PR10","order":10,"title":"x"},{"pid":"PR11","order":11,"title":"xi"},{"pid":"PR12","order":12,"title":"xii"},{"pid":"PR13","order":13,"title":"xiii"},{"pid":"PR14","order":14,"title":"xiv"},{"pid":"PR15","order":15,"title":"xv"},{"pid":"PR16","order":16,"title":"xvi"},{"pid":"PR17","order":17,"title":"xvii"},{"pid":"PR18","order":18,"title":"xviii"},{"pid":"PR19","order":19,"title":"xix"},{"pid":"PR20","order":20,"title":"xx"},{"pid":"PR21","order":21,"title":"xxi"},{"pid":"PR22","order":22,"title":"xxii"},{"pid":"PR23","order":23,"title":"xxiii"},{"pid":"PR24","order":24,"title":"xxiv"},{"pid":"PR25","order":25,"title":"xxv"},{"pid":"PR26","order":26,"title":"xxvi"},{"pid":"PR27","order":27,"title":"xxvii"},{"pid":"PR28","order":28,"title":"xxviii"},{"pid":"PR29","order":29,"title":"xxix"},{"pid":"PR30","order":30,"title":"xxx"},{"pid":"PR31","order":31,"title":"xxxi"},{"pid":"PR32","order":32,"title":"xxxii"},{"pid":"PR33","order":33,"title":"xxxiii"},{"pid":"PR34","order":34,"title":"xxxiv"},{"pid":"PR35","order":35,"title":"xxxv"},{"pid":"PR36","order":36,"title":"xxxvi"},{"pid":"PR37","order":37,"title":"xxxvii"},{"pid":"PR38","order":38,"title":"xxxviii"},{"pid":"PA1","order":39,"title":"1"},{"pid":"PA2","order":40,"title":"2"},{"pid":"PA3","order":41,"title":"3"},{"pid":"PA4","order":42,"title":"4"},{"pid":"PA5","order":43,"title":"5"},{"pid":"PA6","order":44,"title":"6"},{"pid":"PA7","order":45,"title":"7"},{"pid":"PA8","order":46,"title":"8"},{"pid":"PA9","order":47,"title":"9"},{"pid":"PA10","order":48,"title":"10"},{"pid":"PA11","order":49,"title":"11"},{"pid":"PA12","order":50,"title":"12"},{"pid":"PA13","order":51,"title":"13"},{"pid":"PA14","order":52,"title":"14"},{"pid":"PA15","order":53,"title":"15"},{"pid":"PA16","order":54,"title":"16"},{"pid":"PA17","order":55,"title":"17"},{"pid":"PA18","order":56,"title":"18"},{"pid":"PA19","order":57,"title":"19"},{"pid":"PA20","order":58,"title":"20"},{"pid":"PA21","order":59,"title":"21"},{"pid":"PA22","order":60,"title":"22"},{"pid":"PA23","order":61,"title":"23"},{"pid":"PA24","order":62,"title":"24"},{"pid":"PA25","order":63,"title":"25"},{"pid":"PA26","order":64,"title":"26"},{"pid":"PA27","order":65,"title":"27"},{"pid":"PA28","order":66,"title":"28"},{"pid":"PA29","order":67,"title":"29"},{"pid":"PA30","order":68,"title":"30"},{"pid":"PA31","order":69,"title":"31"},{"pid":"PA32","order":70,"title":"32"},{"pid":"PA33","order":71,"title":"33"},{"pid":"PA34","order":72,"title":"34"},{"pid":"PA35","order":73,"title":"35"},{"pid":"PA36","order":74,"title":"36"},{"pid":"PA37","order":75,"title":"37"},{"pid":"PA38","order":76,"title":"38"},{"pid":"PA39","order":77,"title":"39"},{"pid":"PA40","order":78,"title":"40"},{"pid":"PA41","order":79,"title":"41"},{"pid":"PA42","order":80,"title":"42"},{"pid":"PA43","order":81,"title":"43"},{"pid":"PA44","order":82,"title":"44"},{"pid":"PA45","order":83,"title":"45"},{"pid":"PA46","order":84,"title":"46"},{"pid":"PA47","order":85,"title":"47"},{"pid":"PA48","order":86,"title":"48"},{"pid":"PA49","order":87,"title":"49"},{"pid":"PA50","order":88,"title":"50"},{"pid":"PA51","order":89,"title":"51"},{"pid":"PA52","order":90,"title":"52"},{"pid":"PA53","order":91,"title":"53"},{"pid":"PA54","order":92,"title":"54"},{"pid":"PA55","order":93,"title":"55"},{"pid":"PA56","order":94,"title":"56"},{"pid":"PA57","order":95,"title":"57"},{"pid":"PA58","order":96,"title":"58"},{"pid":"PA59","order":97,"title":"59"},{"pid":"PA60","order":98,"title":"60"},{"pid":"PA61","order":99,"title":"61"},{"pid":"PA62","order":100,"title":"62"},{"pid":"PA63","order":101,"title":"63"},{"pid":"PA64","order":102,"title":"64"},{"pid":"PA65","order":103,"title":"65"},{"pid":"PA66","order":104,"title":"66"},{"pid":"PA67","order":105,"title":"67"},{"pid":"PA68","order":106,"title":"68"},{"pid":"PA69","order":107,"title":"69"},{"pid":"PA70","order":108,"title":"70"},{"pid":"PA71","order":109,"title":"71"},{"pid":"PA72","order":110,"title":"72"},{"pid":"PA73","order":111,"title":"73"},{"pid":"PA74","order":112,"title":"74"},{"pid":"PA75","order":113,"title":"75"},{"pid":"PA76","order":114,"title":"76"},{"pid":"PA77","order":115,"title":"77"},{"pid":"PA78","order":116,"title":"78"},{"pid":"PA79","order":117,"title":"79"},{"pid":"PA80","order":118,"title":"80"},{"pid":"PA81","order":119,"title":"81"},{"pid":"PA82","order":120,"title":"82"},{"pid":"PA83","order":121,"title":"83"},{"pid":"PA84","order":122,"title":"84"},{"pid":"PA85","order":123,"title":"85"},{"pid":"PA86","order":124,"title":"86"},{"pid":"PA87","order":125,"title":"87"},{"pid":"PA88","order":126,"title":"88"},{"pid":"PA89","order":127,"title":"89"},{"pid":"PA90","order":128,"title":"90"},{"pid":"PA91","order":129,"title":"91"},{"pid":"PA92","order":130,"title":"92"},{"pid":"PA93","order":131,"title":"93"},{"pid":"PA94","order":132,"title":"94"},{"pid":"PA95","order":133,"title":"95"},{"pid":"PA96","order":134,"title":"96"},{"pid":"PA97","order":135,"title":"97"},{"pid":"PA98","order":136,"title":"98"},{"pid":"PA99","order":137,"title":"99"},{"pid":"PA100","order":138,"title":"100"},{"pid":"PA101","order":139,"title":"101"},{"pid":"PA102","order":140,"title":"102"},{"pid":"PA103","order":141,"title":"103"},{"pid":"PA104","order":142,"title":"104"},{"pid":"PA105","order":143,"title":"105"},{"pid":"PA106","order":144,"title":"106"},{"pid":"PA107","order":145,"title":"107"},{"pid":"PA108","order":146,"title":"108"},{"pid":"PA109","order":147,"title":"109"},{"pid":"PA110","order":148,"title":"110"},{"pid":"PA111","order":149,"title":"111"},{"pid":"PA112","order":150,"title":"112"},{"pid":"PA113","order":151,"title":"113"},{"pid":"PA114","order":152,"title":"114"},{"pid":"PA115","order":153,"title":"115"},{"pid":"PA116","order":154,"title":"116"},{"pid":"PA117","order":155,"title":"117"},{"pid":"PA118","order":156,"title":"118"},{"pid":"PA119","order":157,"title":"119"},{"pid":"PA120","order":158,"title":"120"},{"pid":"PA121","order":159,"title":"121"},{"pid":"PA122","order":160,"title":"122"},{"pid":"PA123","order":161,"title":"123"},{"pid":"PA124","order":162,"title":"124"},{"pid":"PA125","order":163,"title":"125"},{"pid":"PA126","order":164,"title":"126"},{"pid":"PA127","order":165,"title":"127"},{"pid":"PA128","order":166,"title":"128"},{"pid":"PA129","order":167,"title":"129"},{"pid":"PA130","order":168,"title":"130"},{"pid":"PA131","order":169,"title":"131"},{"pid":"PA132","order":170,"title":"132"},{"pid":"PA133","order":171,"title":"133"},{"pid":"PA134","order":172,"title":"134"},{"pid":"PA135","order":173,"title":"135"},{"pid":"PA136","order":174,"title":"136"},{"pid":"PA137","order":175,"title":"137"},{"pid":"PA138","order":176,"title":"138"},{"pid":"PA139","order":177,"title":"139"},{"pid":"PA140","order":178,"title":"140"},{"pid":"PA141","order":179,"title":"141"},{"pid":"PA142","order":180,"title":"142"},{"pid":"PA143","order":181,"title":"143"},{"pid":"PA144","order":182,"title":"144"},{"pid":"PA145","order":183,"title":"145"},{"pid":"PA146","order":184,"title":"146"},{"pid":"PA147","order":185,"title":"147"},{"pid":"PA148","order":186,"title":"148"},{"pid":"PA149","order":187,"title":"149"},{"pid":"PA150","order":188,"title":"150"},{"pid":"PA151","order":189,"title":"151"},{"pid":"PA152","order":190,"title":"152"},{"pid":"PA153","order":191,"title":"153"},{"pid":"PA154","order":192,"title":"154"},{"pid":"PA155","order":193,"title":"155"},{"pid":"PA156","order":194,"title":"156"},{"pid":"PA157","order":195,"title":"157"},{"pid":"PA158","order":196,"title":"158"},{"pid":"PA159","order":197,"title":"159"},{"pid":"PA160","order":198,"title":"160"},{"pid":"PA161","order":199,"title":"161"},{"pid":"PA162","order":200,"title":"162"},{"pid":"PA163","order":201,"title":"163"},{"pid":"PA164","order":202,"title":"164"},{"pid":"PA165","order":203,"title":"165"},{"pid":"PA166","order":204,"title":"166"},{"pid":"PA167","order":205,"title":"167"},{"pid":"PA168","order":206,"title":"168"},{"pid":"PA169","order":207,"title":"169"},{"pid":"PA170","order":208,"title":"170"},{"pid":"PA171","order":209,"title":"171"},{"pid":"PA172","order":210,"title":"172"},{"pid":"PA173","order":211,"title":"173"},{"pid":"PA174","order":212,"title":"174"},{"pid":"PA175","order":213,"title":"175"},{"pid":"PA176","order":214,"title":"176"},{"pid":"PA177","order":215,"title":"177"},{"pid":"PA178","order":216,"title":"178"},{"pid":"PA179","order":217,"title":"179"},{"pid":"PA180","order":218,"title":"180"},{"pid":"PA181","order":219,"title":"181"},{"pid":"PA182","order":220,"title":"182"},{"pid":"PA183","order":221,"title":"183"},{"pid":"PA184","order":222,"title":"184"},{"pid":"PA185","order":223,"title":"185"},{"pid":"PA186","order":224,"title":"186"},{"pid":"PA187","order":225,"title":"187"},{"pid":"PA188","order":226,"title":"188"},{"pid":"PA189","order":227,"title":"189"},{"pid":"PA190","order":228,"title":"190"},{"pid":"PA191","order":229,"title":"191"},{"pid":"PA192","order":230,"title":"192"},{"pid":"PA193","order":231,"title":"193"},{"pid":"PA194","order":232,"title":"194"},{"pid":"PA195","order":233,"title":"195"},{"pid":"PA196","order":234,"title":"196"},{"pid":"PA197","order":235,"title":"197"},{"pid":"PA198","order":236,"title":"198"},{"pid":"PA199","order":237,"title":"199"},{"pid":"PA200","order":238,"title":"200"},{"pid":"PA201","order":239,"title":"201"},{"pid":"PA202","order":240,"title":"202"},{"pid":"PA203","order":241,"title":"203"},{"pid":"PA204","order":242,"title":"204"},{"pid":"PA205","order":243,"title":"205"},{"pid":"PA206","order":244,"title":"206"},{"pid":"PA207","order":245,"title":"207"},{"pid":"PA208","order":246,"title":"208"},{"pid":"PA209","order":247,"title":"209"},{"pid":"PA210","order":248,"title":"210"},{"pid":"PA211","order":249,"title":"211"},{"pid":"PA212","order":250,"title":"212"},{"pid":"PA213","order":251,"title":"213"},{"pid":"PA214","order":252,"title":"214"},{"pid":"PA215","order":253,"title":"215"},{"pid":"PA216","order":254,"title":"216"},{"pid":"PA217","order":255,"title":"217"},{"pid":"PA218","order":256,"title":"218"},{"pid":"PA219","order":257,"title":"219"},{"pid":"PA220","order":258,"title":"220"},{"pid":"PA221","order":259,"title":"221"},{"pid":"PA222","order":260,"title":"222"},{"pid":"PA223","order":261,"title":"223"},{"pid":"PA224","order":262,"title":"224"},{"pid":"PA225","order":263,"title":"225"},{"pid":"PA226","order":264,"title":"226"},{"pid":"PA227","order":265,"title":"227"},{"pid":"PA228","order":266,"title":"228"},{"pid":"PA229","order":267,"title":"229"},{"pid":"PA230","order":268,"title":"230"},{"pid":"PA231","order":269,"title":"231"},{"pid":"PA232","order":270,"title":"232"},{"pid":"PA233","order":271,"title":"233"},{"pid":"PA234","order":272,"title":"234"},{"pid":"PA235","order":273,"title":"235"},{"pid":"PA236","order":274,"title":"236"},{"pid":"PA237","order":275,"title":"237"},{"pid":"PA238","order":276,"title":"238"},{"pid":"PA239","order":277,"title":"239"},{"pid":"PA240","order":278,"title":"240"},{"pid":"PA241","order":279,"title":"241"},{"pid":"PA242","order":280,"title":"242"},{"pid":"PA243","order":281,"title":"243"},{"pid":"PA244","order":282,"title":"244"},{"pid":"PA245","order":283,"title":"245"},{"pid":"PA246","order":284,"title":"246"},{"pid":"PA247","order":285,"title":"247"},{"pid":"PA248","order":286,"title":"248"},{"pid":"PA249","order":287,"title":"249"},{"pid":"PA250","order":288,"title":"250"},{"pid":"PA251","order":289,"title":"251"},{"pid":"PA252","order":290,"title":"252"},{"pid":"PA253","order":291,"title":"253"},{"pid":"PA254","order":292,"title":"254"},{"pid":"PA255","order":293,"title":"255"},{"pid":"PA256","order":294,"title":"256"},{"pid":"PA257","order":295,"title":"257"},{"pid":"PA258","order":296,"title":"258"},{"pid":"PA259","order":297,"title":"259"},{"pid":"PA260","order":298,"title":"260"},{"pid":"PA261","order":299,"title":"261"},{"pid":"PA262","order":300,"title":"262"},{"pid":"PA263","order":301,"title":"263"},{"pid":"PA264","order":302,"title":"264"},{"pid":"PA265","order":303,"title":"265"},{"pid":"PA266","order":304,"title":"266"},{"pid":"PA267","order":305,"title":"267"},{"pid":"PA268","order":306,"title":"268"},{"pid":"PA269","order":307,"title":"269"},{"pid":"PA270","order":308,"title":"270"},{"pid":"PA271","order":309,"title":"271"},{"pid":"PA272","flags":8,"order":310,"title":"272"},{"pid":"PA273","flags":8,"order":311,"title":"273"},{"pid":"PA274","flags":8,"order":312,"title":"274"},{"pid":"PA275","flags":8,"order":313,"title":"275"},{"pid":"PA276","flags":8,"order":314,"title":"276"},{"pid":"PA277","order":315,"title":"277"},{"pid":"PA278","order":316,"title":"278"},{"pid":"PA279","order":317,"title":"279"},{"pid":"PA280","order":318,"title":"280"},{"pid":"PA281","order":319,"title":"281"},{"pid":"PA282","order":320,"title":"282"},{"pid":"PA283","order":321,"title":"283"},{"pid":"PA284","order":322,"title":"284"},{"pid":"PA285","order":323,"title":"285"},{"pid":"PA286","order":324,"title":"286"},{"pid":"PA287","order":325,"title":"287"},{"pid":"PA288","order":326,"title":"288"},{"pid":"PA289","order":327,"title":"289"},{"pid":"PA290","order":328,"title":"290"},{"pid":"PA291","order":329,"title":"291"},{"pid":"PA292","order":330,"title":"292"},{"pid":"PA293","order":331,"title":"293"},{"pid":"PA297","order":335,"title":"297"},{"pid":"PA299","order":337,"title":"299"},{"pid":"PA301","order":339,"title":"301"},{"pid":"PA302","order":340,"title":"302"},{"pid":"PA303","order":341,"title":"303"},{"pid":"PA304","order":342,"title":"304"},{"pid":"PA305","order":343,"title":"305"},{"pid":"PA308","order":346,"title":"308"},{"pid":"PA309","order":347,"title":"309"},{"pid":"PA310","order":348,"title":"310"},{"pid":"PA311","order":349,"title":"311"},{"pid":"PA312","order":350,"title":"312"},{"pid":"PA313","order":351,"title":"313"},{"pid":"PA314","order":352,"title":"314"},{"pid":"PA316","order":354,"title":"316"},{"pid":"PA317","order":355,"title":"317"},{"pid":"PA318","order":356,"title":"318"},{"pid":"PA319","order":357,"title":"319"},{"pid":"PA324","order":362,"title":"324"},{"pid":"PA325","order":363,"title":"325"},{"pid":"PA326","order":364,"title":"326"},{"pid":"PA328","order":366,"title":"328"},{"pid":"PA329","order":367,"title":"329"},{"pid":"PA330","order":368,"title":"330"},{"pid":"PA331","order":369,"title":"331"},{"pid":"PA332","order":370,"title":"332"},{"pid":"PA333","order":371,"title":"333"},{"pid":"PA334","order":372,"title":"334"},{"pid":"PA335","order":373,"title":"335"},{"pid":"PA336","order":374,"title":"336"},{"pid":"PA337","order":375,"title":"337"},{"pid":"PA339","order":377,"title":"339"},{"pid":"PA340","order":378,"title":"340"},{"pid":"PA341","order":379,"title":"341"},{"pid":"PA342","order":380,"title":"342"},{"pid":"PA344","order":382,"title":"344"},{"pid":"PA345","order":383,"title":"345"},{"pid":"PA346","order":384,"title":"346"},{"pid":"PA347","order":385,"title":"347"},{"pid":"PA348","order":386,"title":"348"},{"pid":"PA351","order":389,"title":"351"},{"pid":"PA357","order":395,"title":"357"},{"pid":"PA358","order":396,"title":"358"},{"pid":"PA359","order":397,"title":"359"},{"pid":"PA360","order":398,"title":"360"},{"pid":"PA361","order":399,"title":"361"},{"pid":"PA362","order":400,"title":"362"},{"pid":"PA363","order":401,"title":"363"},{"pid":"PA364","order":402,"title":"364"},{"pid":"PA365","order":403,"title":"365"},{"pid":"PA367","order":405,"title":"367"},{"pid":"PA368","order":406,"title":"368"},{"pid":"PA369","order":407,"title":"369"},{"pid":"PA370","order":408,"title":"370"},{"pid":"PA371","order":409,"title":"371"},{"pid":"PA373","order":411,"title":"373"},{"pid":"PA374","order":412,"title":"374"},{"pid":"PA375","order":413,"title":"375"},{"pid":"PA376","order":414,"title":"376"},{"pid":"PA377","order":415,"title":"377"},{"pid":"PA378","order":416,"title":"378"},{"pid":"PA380","order":418,"title":"380"},{"pid":"PA381","order":419,"title":"381"},{"pid":"PA383","order":421,"title":"383"},{"pid":"PA385","order":423,"title":"385"},{"pid":"PA386","order":424,"title":"386"},{"pid":"PA388","order":426,"title":"388"},{"pid":"PA389","order":427,"title":"389"},{"pid":"PA390","order":428,"title":"390"},{"pid":"PA391","order":429,"title":"391"},{"pid":"PA392","order":430,"title":"392"},{"pid":"PA395","order":433,"title":"395"},{"pid":"PA397","order":435,"title":"397"},{"pid":"PA399","order":437,"title":"399"},{"pid":"PA400","order":438,"title":"400"},{"pid":"PA403","order":441,"title":"403"},{"pid":"PA404","order":442,"title":"404"},{"pid":"PA405","order":443,"title":"405"},{"pid":"PA406","order":444,"title":"406"},{"pid":"PA407","order":445,"title":"407"},{"pid":"PA411","order":449,"title":"411"},{"pid":"PA412","order":450,"title":"412"},{"pid":"PA415","order":453,"title":"415"},{"pid":"PA417","order":455,"title":"417"},{"pid":"PA419","order":457,"title":"419"},{"pid":"PA420","order":458,"title":"420"},{"pid":"PA421","order":459,"title":"421"},{"pid":"PA423","order":461,"title":"423"},{"pid":"PA428","order":466,"title":"428"},{"pid":"PA429","order":467,"title":"429"},{"pid":"PA430","order":468,"title":"430"},{"pid":"PA433","order":471,"title":"433"},{"pid":"PA434","order":472,"title":"434"},{"pid":"PA435","order":473,"title":"435"},{"pid":"PA438","order":476,"title":"438"},{"pid":"PA439","order":477,"title":"439"},{"pid":"PA440","order":478,"title":"440"},{"pid":"PA441","order":479,"title":"441"},{"pid":"PA442","order":480,"title":"442"},{"pid":"PA443","order":481,"title":"443"},{"pid":"PA444","order":482,"title":"444"},{"pid":"PA445","order":483,"title":"445"},{"pid":"PA446","order":484,"title":"446"},{"pid":"PA447","order":485,"title":"447"},{"pid":"PA448","order":486,"title":"448"},{"pid":"PA449","order":487,"title":"449"},{"pid":"PA450","order":488,"title":"450"},{"pid":"PA451","order":489,"title":"451"},{"pid":"PA452","order":490,"title":"452"},{"pid":"PA453","order":491,"title":"453"},{"pid":"PA454","order":492,"title":"454"},{"pid":"PA456","order":494,"title":"456"},{"pid":"PA458","order":496,"title":"458"},{"pid":"PA459","order":497,"title":"459"},{"pid":"PA460","order":498,"title":"460"},{"pid":"PA461","order":499,"title":"461"},{"pid":"PA465","order":503,"title":"465"},{"pid":"PA466","order":504,"title":"466"},{"pid":"PA467","order":505,"title":"467"},{"pid":"PA468","order":506,"title":"468"},{"pid":"PA470","order":508,"title":"470"},{"pid":"PA471","order":509,"title":"471"},{"pid":"PA473","order":511,"title":"473"},{"pid":"PA474","order":512,"title":"474"},{"pid":"PA475","order":513,"title":"475"},{"pid":"PA476","order":514,"title":"476"},{"pid":"PA478","order":516,"title":"478"},{"pid":"PA480","order":518,"title":"480"},{"pid":"PA481","order":519,"title":"481"},{"pid":"PA482","order":520,"title":"482"},{"pid":"PA483","order":521,"title":"483"},{"pid":"PA485","order":523,"title":"485"},{"pid":"PA489","order":527,"title":"489"},{"pid":"PA490","order":528,"title":"490"},{"pid":"PA491","order":529,"title":"491"},{"pid":"PA492","order":530,"title":"492"},{"pid":"PA493","order":531,"title":"493"},{"pid":"PA496","order":534,"title":"496"},{"pid":"PA497","order":535,"title":"497"},{"pid":"PA499","order":537,"title":"499"},{"pid":"PA500","order":538,"title":"500"},{"pid":"PA501","order":539,"title":"501"},{"pid":"PA502","order":540,"title":"502"},{"pid":"PA503","order":541,"title":"503"},{"pid":"PA505","order":543,"title":"505"},{"pid":"PA506","order":544,"title":"506"},{"pid":"PA507","order":545,"title":"507"},{"pid":"PA508","order":546,"title":"508"},{"pid":"PA509","order":547,"title":"509"},{"pid":"PA511","order":549,"title":"511"},{"pid":"PA512","order":550,"title":"512"},{"pid":"PA514","order":552,"title":"514"},{"pid":"PA517","order":555,"title":"517"},{"pid":"PA518","order":556,"title":"518"},{"pid":"PA519","order":557,"title":"519"},{"pid":"PA520","order":558,"title":"520"},{"pid":"PA521","order":559,"title":"521"},{"pid":"PA522","order":560,"title":"522"},{"pid":"PA524","order":562,"title":"524"},{"pid":"PA525","order":563,"title":"525"},{"pid":"PA526","order":564,"title":"526"},{"pid":"PA527","order":565,"title":"527"},{"pid":"PA528","order":566,"title":"528"},{"pid":"PA529","order":567,"title":"529"},{"pid":"PA530","order":568,"title":"530"},{"pid":"PA531","order":569,"title":"531"},{"pid":"PA532","order":570,"title":"532"},{"pid":"PA535","order":573,"title":"535"},{"pid":"PA537","order":575,"title":"537"},{"pid":"PA538","order":576,"title":"538"},{"pid":"PA539","order":577,"title":"539"},{"pid":"PA541","order":579,"title":"541"},{"pid":"PA542","order":580,"title":"542"},{"pid":"PA544","order":582,"title":"544"},{"pid":"PA546","order":584,"title":"546"},{"pid":"PA547","order":585,"title":"547"},{"pid":"PA548","order":586,"title":"548"},{"pid":"PA549","order":587,"title":"549"},{"pid":"PA550","order":588,"title":"550"},{"pid":"PA551","order":589,"title":"551"},{"pid":"PA552","order":590,"title":"552"},{"pid":"PA553","order":591,"title":"553"},{"pid":"PA554","order":592,"title":"554"},{"pid":"PA555","order":593,"title":"555"},{"pid":"PA556","order":594,"title":"556"},{"pid":"PA557","order":595,"title":"557"},{"pid":"PA558","order":596,"title":"558"},{"pid":"PA559","order":597,"title":"559"},{"pid":"PA560","order":598,"title":"560"},{"pid":"PA561","order":599,"title":"561"},{"pid":"PA562","order":600,"title":"562"},{"pid":"PA563","order":601,"title":"563"},{"pid":"PA564","order":602,"title":"564"},{"pid":"PA565","order":603,"title":"565"},{"pid":"PA566","order":604,"title":"566"},{"pid":"PA567","order":605,"title":"567"},{"pid":"PA568","order":606,"title":"568"},{"pid":"PA569","order":607,"title":"569"},{"pid":"PA570","order":608,"title":"570"},{"pid":"PA571","order":609,"title":"571"},{"pid":"PA572","order":610,"title":"572"},{"pid":"PA573","order":611,"title":"573"},{"pid":"PA574","order":612,"title":"574"},{"pid":"PA575","order":613,"title":"575"},{"pid":"PA576","order":614,"title":"576"},{"pid":"PA577","order":615,"title":"577"},{"pid":"PA578","order":616,"title":"578"},{"pid":"PA579","order":617,"title":"579"},{"pid":"PA580","order":618,"title":"580"},{"pid":"PA581","order":619,"title":"581"},{"pid":"PA582","order":620,"title":"582"},{"pid":"PA583","order":621,"title":"583"},{"pid":"PA584","order":622,"title":"584"},{"pid":"PA585","order":623,"title":"585"},{"pid":"PA586","order":624,"title":"586"},{"pid":"PA587","order":625,"title":"587"},{"pid":"PA588","order":626,"title":"588"},{"pid":"PA589","order":627,"title":"589"},{"pid":"PA590","order":628,"title":"590"},{"pid":"PA591","order":629,"title":"591"},{"pid":"PA592","order":630,"title":"592"},{"pid":"PA593","order":631,"title":"593"},{"pid":"PA594","order":632,"title":"594"},{"pid":"PA595","order":633,"title":"595"},{"pid":"PA596","order":634,"title":"596"},{"pid":"PA597","order":635,"title":"597"},{"pid":"PA598","order":636,"title":"598"},{"pid":"PA599","order":637,"title":"599"},{"pid":"PA600","order":638,"title":"600"},{"pid":"PA601","order":639,"title":"601"},{"pid":"PA602","order":640,"title":"602"},{"pid":"PA603","order":641,"title":"603"},{"pid":"PA604","order":642,"title":"604"},{"pid":"PA605","order":643,"title":"605"},{"pid":"PA606","order":644,"title":"606"},{"pid":"PA607","order":645,"title":"607"},{"pid":"PA608","order":646,"title":"608"},{"pid":"PA609","order":647,"title":"609"},{"pid":"PA610","order":648,"title":"610"},{"pid":"PA611","order":649,"title":"611"},{"pid":"PA612","order":650,"title":"612"},{"pid":"PA613","order":651,"title":"613"},{"pid":"PA614","order":652,"title":"614"},{"pid":"PA615","order":653,"title":"615"},{"pid":"PA616","order":654,"title":"616"},{"pid":"PA617","order":655,"title":"617"},{"pid":"PA618","order":656,"title":"618"},{"pid":"PA619","order":657,"title":"619"},{"pid":"PA620","order":658,"title":"620"},{"pid":"PA621","order":659,"title":"621"},{"pid":"PA622","order":660,"title":"622"},{"pid":"PA623","order":661,"title":"623"},{"pid":"PA624","order":662,"title":"624"},{"pid":"PA625","order":663,"title":"625"},{"pid":"PA626","order":664,"title":"626"}],"prefix":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026lpg=PA273\u0026vq=wealth"},{"fullview":false,"page_width":575,"page_height":746,"font_height":9,"first_content_page":39,"disable_twopage":true,"initial_zoom_width_override":685,"show_print_pages_button":false,"title":"The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism","subtitle":"","attribution":"edited by Ronald Hamowy","additional_info":{"[JsonBookInfo]":{"BuyLinks":[{"Seller":"SAGE","Url":"http://knowledge.sagepub.com/view/libertarianism/SAGE.xml","TrackingUrl":"/url?client=ca-print-sage\u0026format=googleprint\u0026num=0\u0026id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026q=http://knowledge.sagepub.com/view/libertarianism/SAGE.xml\u0026usg=AOvVaw0xfySpKh4-HAnA-J3U5Orl","IsPublisher":true},{"Seller":"Amazon.com","Url":"http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?index=books\u0026linkCode=qs\u0026keywords=9781412965804","TrackingUrl":"/url?client=ca-print-sage\u0026format=googleprint\u0026num=0\u0026id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026q=http://www.amazon.com/gp/search%3Findex%3Dbooks%26linkCode%3Dqs%26keywords%3D9781412965804\u0026usg=AOvVaw2vbC9eXpIQ9gcg1SZp7IYp"},{"Seller":"MPH","Url":"http://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx?do=detail\u0026pcode=9781412965804","TrackingUrl":"/url?client=ca-print-sage\u0026format=googleprint\u0026num=0\u0026id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026q=http://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx%3Fdo%3Ddetail%26pcode%3D9781412965804\u0026usg=AOvVaw0D5aFE8N6HcrEZQoUBc3cC"},{"Seller":"Popular","Url":"https://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/?q=9781412965804","TrackingUrl":"/url?client=ca-print-sage\u0026format=googleprint\u0026num=0\u0026id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026q=https://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/%3Fq%3D9781412965804\u0026usg=AOvVaw1UtGfxiGZYiCypN_n_EYxm"}],"AboutUrl":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC","PreviewUrl":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC","allowed_syndication_flags":{"allow_disabling_chrome":true},"TocLine":[{"Title":"A","Pid":"PA1","PgNum":"1","Order":39},{"Title":"B","Pid":"PA23","PgNum":"23","Order":61},{"Title":"C","Pid":"PA45","PgNum":"45","Order":83},{"Title":"D","Pid":"PA111","PgNum":"111","Order":149},{"Title":"E","Pid":"PA133","PgNum":"133","Order":171},{"Title":"F","Pid":"PA165","PgNum":"165","Order":203},{"Title":"G","Pid":"PA201","PgNum":"201","Order":239},{"Title":"H","Pid":"PA217","PgNum":"217","Order":255},{"Title":"I","Pid":"PA233","PgNum":"233","Order":271},{"Title":"J","Pid":"PA261","PgNum":"261","Order":299},{"Title":"K","Pid":"PA269","PgNum":"269","Order":307},{"Title":"L","Pid":"PA277","PgNum":"277","Order":315},{"Title":"M","Pid":"PA309","PgNum":"309","Order":347},{"Title":"N","Pid":"PA347","PgNum":"347","Order":385},{"Title":"O","Pid":"PA363","PgNum":"363","Order":401},{"Title":"P","Pid":"PA369","PgNum":"369","Order":407},{"Title":"R","Pid":"PA411","PgNum":"411","Order":449},{"Title":"S","Pid":"PA449","PgNum":"449","Order":487},{"Title":"T","Pid":"PA499","PgNum":"499","Order":537},{"Title":"U","Pid":"PA517","PgNum":"517","Order":555},{"Title":"V","Pid":"PA521","PgNum":"521","Order":559},{"Title":"W","Pid":"PA529","PgNum":"529","Order":567},{"Title":"Index","Pid":"PA547","PgNum":"547","Order":585}]}},"table_of_contents_page_id":"PR5","max_resolution_image_width":1280,"max_resolution_image_height":1660,"num_toc_pages":1,"quality_info":"We have no quality information about this book.","volume_id":"yxNgXs3TkJYC","permission_info":"Pages displayed by permission of \u003ca class=link_aux href=\"https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026pg=PA273\u0026q=http://www.sagepub.com\u0026clientid=ca-print-sage\u0026linkid=1\u0026usg=AOvVaw0sDk0jeT7DRdq7Q7ijXPN7\u0026source=gbs_pub_info_r\"\u003eSAGE\u003c/a\u003e","is_ebook":false,"volumeresult":{"has_flowing_text":false,"has_scanned_text":true,"can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false},"publisher":"SAGE","publication_date":"2008.08.15","subject":"Business \u0026 Economics","num_pages":623,"sample_url":"https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026source=gbs_vpt_hover","synposis":"As a continuation of the older tradition of classical liberalism, libertarian thinking draws on a rich body of thought and scholarship. Contemporary libertarian scholars are continuing that tradition by making substantial contributions to such fields as philosophy, jurisprudence, economics, evolutionary psychology, political theory, and history, in both academia and politics. With more than 300 A-to-Z signed entries written by top scholars, The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism is purposed to be a useful compilation of and introduction to libertarian scholarship. The Encyclopedia starts with an introductory essay offering an extensive historical and thematic overview of key thinkers, events, and publications in the development of libertarian thought. The Reader's Guide groups content for researchers and students alike, allowing them to study libertarianism topically, biographically, and by public policy issues.Key FeaturesEntries conclude with bibliographies and references for further reading and cross-references to related entries.Each entry provides an introduction to a topic or policy question relevant to libertarianism or a biography of a person who has had an impact on libertarianism.Editors take special care to ensure entries clearly explain libertarian approaches to issues, do not take sides on disputed matters or engage in polemics, and represent the views of all sides fairly and accurately.","my_library_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fop%3Dlibrary\u0026hl=en","is_magazine":false,"is_public_domain":false,"last_page":{"pid":"PA626","order":664,"title":"626"}},{"enableUserFeedbackUI":true,"pseudocontinuous":true,"is_cobrand":false,"sign_in_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DyxNgXs3TkJYC%26q%3Dwealth%26source%3Dgbs_word_cloud_r%26hl%3Den\u0026hl=en","isEntityPageViewport":false,"showViewportOnboarding":false,"showViewportPlainTextOnboarding":false},{"page":[{"pid":"PA273","highlights":[{"X":113,"Y":344,"W":26,"H":10},{"X":255,"Y":355,"W":26,"H":10},{"X":244,"Y":389,"W":26,"H":10},{"X":141,"Y":423,"W":25,"H":10},{"X":146,"Y":479,"W":25,"H":10},{"X":173,"Y":490,"W":25,"H":10},{"X":133,"Y":512,"W":25,"H":10},{"X":257,"Y":523,"W":25,"H":10},{"X":111,"Y":636,"W":25,"H":10},{"X":307,"Y":176,"W":25,"H":10},{"X":307,"Y":209,"W":25,"H":10},{"X":349,"Y":366,"W":25,"H":10},{"X":307,"Y":456,"W":25,"H":10}],"flags":8,"order":311,"vq":"wealth"}]},null,{"number_of_results":81,"search_results":[{"page_id":"PR10","page_number":"x","snippet_text":"... , George \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e and Poverty Welfare State Whiggism Wicksell, Knut Wilberforce, William Wollstonecraft, Mary Reader\u0026#39;s Guide Biographical Acton, Lord Adams, John Aquinas, Thomas Aristotle x———The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism."},{"page_id":"PR14","page_number":"xiv","snippet_text":"... and Libertarianism Spontaneous Order State Stoicism Subsidiarity Utilitarianism Virtue Voluntarism \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e and Poverty Whiggism About the Editors Ronald Hamowy is Professor Emeritus of Intellectual xiv———The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism."},{"page_id":"PR27","page_number":"xxvii","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e, production, and exchange, which came to be called political economy. It involved a more abstract way of thinking about economic relations, rather than limiting itself to the more concrete and specific notions of trade and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PR29","page_number":"xxix","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e and the living standards of the great mass of the people . This material progress was accompanied by rapid and widespread urbaniza- tion that brought about an alteration in the nature of society that still continues and is more\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PR30","page_number":"xxx","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e and convert the pursuit of individual, self-regarding ends into public benefits. A number of principles for public policy followed, notably a general principle of noninterference by the state in the outcome of private decisions\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA13","page_number":"13","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e had a flourishing society with remarkably little gov- ernment. The Icelandic sagas or epic histories recently collected in The Sagas of Icelanders, although subject to some scholarly debate as one might expect with 1,000- year\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA26","page_number":"26","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e. Breaking windows does not add to the aggregate of \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e. Military armament, public works, and subsidies, merely by keeping people busy, do not bring about a net increase in \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e because, although some are employed by the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA47","page_number":"47","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e , whereas labor is the \u0026quot; form \u0026quot; that produces it . \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e \u0026quot; is nothing but the mainte- nance , conveniences , and superfluities of life . \u0026quot; Cantillon distinguishes between the \u0026quot; intrinsic \u0026quot; price of a commodity and its “ market\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA49","page_number":"49","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e, but that do not involve trade, exchange, or money. Such activity belongs to the sphere of domestic or everyday life and is the predominant feature of a subsistence economy, such as that of Carolingian Europe. An economy where\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA51","page_number":"51","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 1981. CAPITAL. PUNISHMENT. The issue of capital punishment divides libertarians just as it does other Americans. Debates among libertarians and others generally fall into two areas: the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA64","page_number":"64","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e, and lavish consumption or “luxury,” but differ in how these should be evaluated. Although there is a minority agrarian tradition within libertarianism, most libertarians have come to support the view that city and its role are\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA66","page_number":"66","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e of voluntary institutions and private solutions to urban problems, which are held back by government regulations and inadequate property rights. Similarly, the libertarian position on the nature of urban growth in the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA71","page_number":"71","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations. Published in 1776, The \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations was a declaration of economic independence against the prevail- ing doctrines of protectionism and state interventionism. Little progress had been achieved over the centuries\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA72","page_number":"72","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e and harmony of interests , they emphasized the distribution of \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e , the conflict of interests , and a labor theory of value . In his famous Essay on Population , Thomas Malthus asserted that pressures on limited resources and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA73","page_number":"73","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations : 1776–1976 Bicentennial Essays . Boulder : Colorado Associated University Press , 1978 . Kates , Steven . Say\u0026#39;s Law and the Keynesian Revolution . Cheltenham , UK : Edward Elgar , 1998 . Malthus , Thomas Robert . An\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA97","page_number":"97","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e . How a libertarian might reply to such conservative crit- icisms will probably depend , in large part , on ... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e primarily through conquest and exploita- tion , whereas modern commercial societies acquired \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA106","page_number":"106","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e and campaign donations do not reflect public opinion. The “monetary influence” conception says public officials are corrupt if they perform their duties with monetary considerations in mind; sometimes contribu- tions are said to\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA120","page_number":"120","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e; poorer countries have gone through erratic growth cycles; some have seen declines in income or have merely stagnated; and at least one country—Argentina—went from developed country status in the early 20th century to devel\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA125","page_number":"125","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations that an extensive analy- sis of the division of labor against the backdrop of a mod- ern economy ... \u003cb\u003ewealthy\u003c/b\u003e societies , however , are highly diverse , as evidenced by the numerous different occupa- tions we find\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA126","page_number":"126","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e and Poverty Further Readings Buchanan , James M. , and Yong J. Yoon . The Return to Increasing Returns . Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press , 1994 . Durkheim , Émile . The Division of Labor in Society . New York : Free\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA130","page_number":"130","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e and military power . “ The United Provinces are the envy of some , the fear of others , and the wonder of all their neighbors , \u0026quot; wrote Englishman Sir William Temple in 1673. The tiny state was then engaged in an all - out\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA131","page_number":"131","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e. Locke in particular had firsthand experience of Dutch society, and he com- posed his “Letter Concerning Toleration” while living in exile in the Netherlands. Local autonomy and traditions were deeply ingrained in the Dutch\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA136","page_number":"136","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e. The members of the Chicago School not only under- scored the importance of free markets in achieving eco- nomic progress, but also placed great emphasis on the effect of the money supply, which they viewed as the most crucial\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA138","page_number":"138","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations and The Theory of Moral Sentiments . It is the antithesis of the Cartesian belief that , if an observed social mechanism is functional , somebody in the unrecorded past must have used reason consciously to create it to\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA147","page_number":"147","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations, published in 1776, is the landmark text in modern economics. With the establishment of freer markets came the elimination of guilds and many governmental monopo- lies, and the development of modern corporations\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA148","page_number":"148","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e resulted in scientists and engineers uncovering knowledge and creating technologies on an unprecedented scale . The Industrial Revolution , underway for some decades , was substantially advanced by James Watt\u0026#39;s steam engine after\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA153","page_number":"153","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e. Because human beings ceased to exist when their component atoms were scattered, and inasmuch as there was no survival of the spirit beyond death, death was not to be feared because only pain was something to be dreaded and death\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA154","page_number":"154","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e , would be more simple and effective , Epstein argues . Although Epstein\u0026#39;s discussions of eminent domain and antidiscrimination laws may appear radical to some observers , they in fact reveal how his worldview differs from those\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA176","page_number":"176","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e is created and distributed, and Hume\u0026#39;s lay in offering a theory of jurisprudence distinct from older notions of natural law, Ferguson\u0026#39;s work was pri- marily in the area of sociology and conjectural history. Adam Ferguson was born\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA183","page_number":"183","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e, every man may think as he pleases and say what he thinks.” Because belief was a matter of “individual right . . . no man may surrender it even if he wishes to do so,” and governments that sought to compel belief were “tyrannical\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA189","page_number":"189","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e and Poverty Further Readings Cox, W. Michael, and Richard Alm. Myths of Rich \u0026amp; Poor. New York: Basic Books, 1999. DJB Hayek, F. A. “The Use of Knowledge in Society.” Individualism and Economic Order. F. A. Hayek, ed. Chicago\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA191","page_number":"191","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations. New York: Modern Library, 1982 [1776]. Wolf, Martin. Why Globalization Works. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004. FRENCH. REVOLUTION. The French Revolution, which usually dates from the meet- ing of the Estates\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA227","page_number":"227","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e at our disposal. Unfortunately, a shortcut to \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e is available; we can simply take what others have produced through their labor, rather than laboring ourselves. This ability to gain at the expense of others, not innate\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA237","page_number":"237","snippet_text":"... an ultimately fixed amount of \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e. Thus, the way to prosperity was for a state to control a large area of the planet\u0026#39;s surface and of the trade that took place among the people who lived on it and to capture the Imperialism———237."},{"page_id":"PA238","page_number":"238","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations, and his arguments were extended and developed by subsequent economists and liberal activists. They maintained that imperialism and the associated economic policy of protec- tionism and special privileges were harmful\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA247","page_number":"247","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e indeed is the heart of the matter . Economic historians in the 1960s have uncovered the fact that the average ... \u003cb\u003ewealthy\u003c/b\u003e as capital - rich Holland ( Smith\u0026#39;s view ) , by manufacturers in Manchester stealing savings from\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA252","page_number":"252","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e of ideas available to people and help empower individuals to improve their political and economic lives. The Internet also is increasingly used for commerce. Many Web sites sell goods or services or carry advertising that\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA257","page_number":"257","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e subsequently allowed the Saudi view to be exported around the world. Many extremists, like those associated with al-Qaeda, have been influenced by both the Wahhabi inter- pretation of Islam and Egyptian radicals, who have appro\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA264","page_number":"264","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e and the satisfaction of all subjective desires . He therefore increasingly directed his attention to sustaining the amenities of life amid the materialist preoccupations of modern society . At the same time , he had no illusions\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA273","page_number":"273","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e in a free and just society should be pri- vately held is misguided. Rather, they maintain, \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e is a social product that belongs to the society as a whole. Although private parties—individuals, companies, and organizations of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA282","page_number":"282","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e. This passage, written more than 2,000 years before Adam Smith\u0026#39;s call for a “simple system of natural lib- erty,” is a reminder that China\u0026#39;s greatest legacy is not the oppressive state experienced under Mao Zedong\u0026#39;s thought, but\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA289","page_number":"289","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e about as thor- oughly as could be feared . When land , coal , and so on are used by individual people in such a way as to maximize those people\u0026#39;s returns , resources will be used by those who can make the best use of them . In\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA293","page_number":"293","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e, and any form of welfare state. On this view, those who today defend such redistributive practices in the name of liberalism betray, rather than ful- fill, basic liberal ideals. Not surprisingly, such claims have not gone unchal\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA301","page_number":"301","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e and new ideas - both destabilizing forces — into the Greek city - states , undermining the traditional warrior nobility and bolstering the power of an artisan class . The ensuing class warfare gradually transformed most Greek\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA324","page_number":"324","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e and social status as ineradica- ble. Although he rejected hereditary aristocracies and spe- cial legal or economic privileges bestowed on groups, he believed that differences in intelligence, drive, and self- discipline will\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA328","page_number":"328","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e and Poverty Further Readings Cole, Thomas Woolsey. Colbert and a Century of French Mercantilism. 2 vols. New York: Columbia University Press, 1939. Ekelund, Robert B., and Robert D. Tollison. Politicized Economies: Monarchy\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA365","page_number":"365","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e: the economic and the political. “These are work and robbery, one\u0026#39;s own labor and the forcible appro- priation of the labor of others.” Oppenheimer continues: I propose in the following discussion to call one\u0026#39;s own labor and the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA373","page_number":"373","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e . The God of the Machine characterizes the engineering principles of a free society as utterly different from the prin- ciples of social engineering , which assumes that people can be treated as if they were machines . To\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA378","page_number":"378","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e among three economic classes . It focuses on the produit net , which refers to the surplus value created by the \u0026quot; productive class ” of agricultural workers — among them not only tenant farm- ers , but also workers in other\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA390","page_number":"390","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e and Poverty Further Readings Becker, Gary. Economic Theory. Piscataway, NJ: Aldine Transaction, 2007. DJB Friedman, Milton; with Friedrich Hayek, George J. Stigler, Bertrand de Jouvenel, F. W. Paish, F. G. Pennance, E. O. Olsen\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA397","page_number":"397","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations, Adam Smith dis- cusses “the natural progress of opulence.” The motive of self-interest, when confined within the sphere of justice, naturally leads to a division of labor that is “advantageous to all the different\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA399","page_number":"399","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e into democratic politics, and called for strict government regulation or the outright destruction of firms that had grown too big. Unable to reconcile these sharply divergent positions that ushered in an array of dif- ferent\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA445","page_number":"445","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e and Poverty Further Readings Cranston, Maurice. The Noble Savage: Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991. Damrosch, Leo. Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Restless Genius. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2005. JTK\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA449","page_number":"449","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e as it provides increased opportunities for mutually beneficial trade . In addition , Say emphasized the vital role played by the entrepreneur in economic activity and the con- tribution of \u0026quot; nonmaterial \u0026quot; goods , such as services\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA451","page_number":"451","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e, and power, potes- tas, based on law and right. Vázquez\u0026#39;s distinction might serve to improve the arguments of libertarians who see no middle ground between power and markets. Vázquez argued that the consent of previous\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA454","page_number":"454","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e in today\u0026#39;s high - tech world , is more affordable by the rich , extending to the offspring of the rich somewhat of an advantage . As for monopolistic firms and monopoly profits , they bothered Schumpeter not at all . He thought\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA458","page_number":"458","snippet_text":"Ronald Hamowy. nature, production, and distribution of \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e. He employs the term \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e as a synonym for value, and, like the econ- omists before him, includes utility as one of the three causes of value. Utility is “the power, direct\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA471","page_number":"471","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations . In 1773 , he moved to London , where he completed his monograph on the production and distribution of \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e for which he is now famous . On March 9 , 1776 , An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA474","page_number":"474","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e. Nineteenth-century debates over socialism focused on the issue of whether a socialist system should be instituted through reforms or revolution. A second controversy centered on whether the political mechanism that effected\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA480","page_number":"480","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e, or social sta- tus. All societies are stratified; the question is how. In the libertarian evolutionary sociology of Herbert Spencer, societies based on the free market and on contract were praised because they superseded earlier\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA507","page_number":"507","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e . He feared the undue influence that extraordinary \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e could exert on gov- ernments , and he held that concentrated \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e was one of the chief evils produced by a government that grew beyond its proper bounds . Without unfair\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA521","page_number":"521","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e, provides a certain discipline that engenders the habits just mentioned. Free-market competition among providers of goods and services tends to reward those who exhibit such traits and to encourage others to emulate them. But can\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA522","page_number":"522","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e? Libertarians have not written a great deal about either of those ques- tions perhaps because they do not apparently need to be answered for free societies to exist. They would be rele- vant, instead, to the important question of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA537","page_number":"537","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWEALTH\u003c/b\u003e AND POVERTY \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e results from producing things that consumers value most by sacrificing the least valuable combinations of labor and resources . The best place to begin a discussion of \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e is with the division of labor ( or\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA538","page_number":"538","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations, is that the \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e-producing advan- tages of specialization can be realized—indeed, more fully realized—when there are no authorities attempting to coor- dinate private decisions. Coordination is best achieved without\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA539","page_number":"539","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e creation than would be possible were central planners to attempt to impose coordination. The tremendous \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e from the freedom and coordina- tion of the market does come at a price. Markets make freedom possible by imposing\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA556","page_number":"556","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations ( Jacobs ) and , 64 civilization connotes living in cities and , 64 classical republican thought regarding , 65 contemporary intellectual and political debate regarding , 65-66 The Death and Life of Great American\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026pg=PA556\u0026vq=wealth"},{"page_id":"PA557","page_number":"557","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e and poverty and, 537–540 The \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations (A. Smith) and, 71, 147, 189, 349, 393, 471–472 See also Development, economic; Economics, Austrian school of; Economics, Keynesian; specific individual Classical liberalism See\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026pg=PA557\u0026vq=wealth"},{"page_id":"PA564","page_number":"564","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e and poverty and, 537–540 \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations (A. Smith) and, 125–126, 147, 189, 471–472 Dobb, Maurice, 477 Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce (Milton), 331 The Doctrine of Facism (Mussolini \u0026amp; Gentile), 303 Dodgson, Charles, 405 Dos\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026pg=PA564\u0026vq=wealth"},{"page_id":"PA573","page_number":"573","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e and poverty and , 537-540 The \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations ( A. Smith ) and , 189 , 471–472 World Trade Organization ( WTO ) and , 190 , 207 World War I , II and , 190 See also Mises , Ludwig von French Revolution , 191–194 American\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026pg=PA573\u0026vq=wealth"},{"page_id":"PA581","page_number":"581","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations ( A. Smith ) , 471 See also Smith , Adam ; The \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations ( A. Smith ) In Search of Peace pamphlet ( Harper ) , 217 Institute for Humane Studies ( IHS ) , 217–218 , 443 Institute for Policy Studies , 226\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026pg=PA581\u0026vq=wealth"},{"page_id":"PA582","page_number":"582","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations written by, 64, 261 cities preceded agriculture concept of, 64 city planned opposed by, 66 The Death and Life of Great American Cities written by, 66, 261 diversity of primary uses of public spaces and, 261 The Economy\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026pg=PA582\u0026vq=wealth"},{"page_id":"PA584","page_number":"584","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e (socialism) concept and, 273 definition of, 272 libertarian theory of property rights and, 273 monarchical conception of ownership and, 273 The Myth of Ownership (Murphy and Nagel) and, 273 postcommunist countries and, 273 public\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026pg=PA584\u0026vq=wealth"},{"page_id":"PA586","page_number":"586","snippet_text":"... liberty and slavery paradox and, 294 property acquisition issues and, 293 redistribution of \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e issue and, 293, 295 redistributive taxation and , 293 , 294 Right to Private 586———The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism.","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026pg=PA586\u0026vq=wealth"},{"page_id":"PA602","page_number":"602","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations ( A. Smith ) and , 393,471–472 See also Locke , John Privatization , 394–396 charity / friendly societies and , 57-59 charter school movement and , 396 definition of , 394 divestiture term and , 395 Peter Drucker\u0026#39;s\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026pg=PA602\u0026vq=wealth"},{"page_id":"PA609","page_number":"609","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations ( Smith ) and , 450 Scalia , Justice Antonin , 184 Schabarum , Pete , 505 Schattschneider , E. E. , 379 Schlesinger , Arthur , Jr. , 111–112 Schmitt , Johan Casper . See Stirner , Max Schmoller , Gustav , 136\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026pg=PA609\u0026vq=wealth"},{"page_id":"PA612","page_number":"612","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e creation and distribution process and, 176, 189 The \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations written by, 71, 120, 125, 138, 147, 189, 238, 326, 349, 379, 393, 450, 471–472,537 Smith, Bradley, 106 Smith, Gerrit, 1, 102 Smith, Sydney, xxix Smith, Tara\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026pg=PA612\u0026vq=wealth"},{"page_id":"PA616","page_number":"616","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e through, 273 F. A. Hayek and, 446 Auberon Herbert and, 225 A History of Taxation and Public Expenditure in the Western World (Webber \u0026amp; Wildavsky) and, 500 individualist anarchism and, 243–244 individualist vs. collectivistic\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026pg=PA616\u0026vq=wealth"},{"page_id":"PA618","page_number":"618","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e opposed by, 507 Tollison, Robert, 17 Tolstoy, Leo, 376, 507 Topeka, Loan Association v., 102 Toward Perpetual Peace (Kant), 271 Tractatus-Theologico Politicus (Spinoza), 183 Tracy, Destutt de, 509–510 classical liberalism of\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026pg=PA618\u0026vq=wealth"},{"page_id":"PA621","page_number":"621","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e and poverty , 537–540 progress and , 396–398 Jean - Jacques Rousseau and , 444-445 \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations ( Smith ) and , 537 welfare state and , 540–542 The \u003cb\u003eWealth\u003c/b\u003e of Nations ( A. Smith ) , 71 , 120 , 125 , 138 , 147 , 189 , 238\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026pg=PA621\u0026vq=wealth"},{"page_id":"PA622","page_number":"622","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewealth\u003c/b\u003e disincentive to work and , 524 Wilhelm Röpke criticism of , 441 secession , homogenous nation - states and , 455 self - defeating assumptions and , 426 short - term unemployment insurance reinstatement and , 345 socialism and\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC\u0026pg=PA622\u0026vq=wealth"}],"search_query_escaped":"wealth"},{});</script></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>