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href="#Exmoor_National_Park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Exmoor National Park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exmoor_National_Park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coastline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coastline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Coastline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coastline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rivers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Rivers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Establishment_of_royal_forest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment_of_royal_forest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Establishment of royal forest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment_of_royal_forest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wardens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wardens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Wardens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wardens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wool_trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wool_trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Wool trade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wool_trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ecology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Flora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Beast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sport and recreation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Places of interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmoor" title="Exmoor – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Exmoor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmoor" title="Exmoor – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Exmoor" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmoor" title="Exmoor – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Exmoor" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmoor" title="Exmoor – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Exmoor" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmoor" title="Exmoor – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Exmoor" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmoor" title="Exmoor – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Exmoor" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Էքսմուր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էքսմուր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmoor" title="Exmoor – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Exmoor" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmoor" title="Exmoor – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Exmoor" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8" title="הפארק הלאומי אקסמור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפארק הלאומי אקסמור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Kenedhlek_Exmoor" title="Park Kenedhlek Exmoor – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Park Kenedhlek Exmoor" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksm%C5%ABra" title="Eksmūra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Eksmūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmoor_(regio)" title="Exmoor (regio) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Exmoor (regio)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmoor" title="Exmoor – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Exmoor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmoor" title="Exmoor – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Exmoor" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ایکسمور – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایکسمور" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmoor" title="Exmoor – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Exmoor" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80" title="Эксмур – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эксмур" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmoor" title="Exmoor – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Exmoor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmoor" title="Exmoor – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Exmoor" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmoor" title="Exmoor – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Exmoor" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmoor" title="Exmoor – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Exmoor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmoor" title="Exmoor – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Exmoor" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E7%A9%86%E7%88%BE" title="埃克斯穆爾 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃克斯穆爾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q593627#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Exmoor&params=51_06_N_3_36_W_region:GB_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°06′N</span> <span class="longitude">3°36′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.100°N 3.600°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.100; -3.600</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-spoken-icon" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exmoor.ogg" title="Listen to this article"><img alt="Listen to this article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/40px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">National park in South West England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the moorland. For the place in the United States, see <a href="/wiki/Exmoor,_Alabama" title="Exmoor, Alabama">Exmoor, Alabama</a>. For the civil parish, see <a href="/wiki/Exmoor_(civil_parish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Exmoor (civil parish)">Exmoor (civil parish)</a>. For Royal Navy ships named <i>Exmoor</i>, see <a href="/wiki/HMS_Exmoor" title="HMS Exmoor">HMS <i>Exmoor</i></a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Exmor" title="Exmor">Exmor</a> or <a href="/wiki/Exmore" class="mw-redirect" title="Exmore">Exmore</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Exmoor National Park</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 100%;"><div style="background-color: #A5CADA;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_protected_area_categories" title="IUCN protected area categories">IUCN category</a> V (protected landscape/seascape)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Malmsmead_Hill,_Exmoor_-_geograph.org.uk_-_80944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Malmsmead_Hill%2C_Exmoor_-_geograph.org.uk_-_80944.jpg/284px-Malmsmead_Hill%2C_Exmoor_-_geograph.org.uk_-_80944.jpg" decoding="async" width="284" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Malmsmead_Hill%2C_Exmoor_-_geograph.org.uk_-_80944.jpg/426px-Malmsmead_Hill%2C_Exmoor_-_geograph.org.uk_-_80944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Malmsmead_Hill%2C_Exmoor_-_geograph.org.uk_-_80944.jpg/568px-Malmsmead_Hill%2C_Exmoor_-_geograph.org.uk_-_80944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Typical moorland scenery on Exmoor</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exmoor_National_Park_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Exmoor_National_Park_UK_location_map.svg/284px-Exmoor_National_Park_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="284" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Exmoor_National_Park_UK_location_map.svg/426px-Exmoor_National_Park_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Exmoor_National_Park_UK_location_map.svg/568px-Exmoor_National_Park_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1040" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The national park boundaries</div></td></tr><tr class="locality"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West England</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">692 km<sup>2</sup> (267 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1954</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Governing body</th><td class="infobox-data">Exmoor National Park Authority</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/">http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:12.0em;background:#DCF2CF;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="National parks of the United Kingdom">UK National Parks</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="National parks of England">England</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peak_District" title="Peak District">Peak District</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District">Lake District</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmoor" title="Dartmoor">Dartmoor</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_York_Moors" title="North York Moors">North York Moors</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Dales_National_Park" title="Yorkshire Dales National Park">Yorkshire Dales</a> (1954)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Exmoor</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_National_Park" title="Northumberland National Park">Northumberland</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Broads" title="The Broads">The Broads</a>‡ (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Forest" title="New Forest">New Forest</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Downs_National_Park" title="South Downs National Park">South Downs</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Pennines_Regional_Park" title="South Pennines Regional Park">South Pennines<br />Regional Park</a>†</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="National parks of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mourne_Mountains" title="Mourne Mountains">Mourne Mountains</a>†</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Scotland" title="National parks of Scotland">Scotland</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Lomond_and_The_Trossachs_National_Park" title="Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park">Loch Lomond and<br />The Trossachs</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairngorms_National_Park" title="Cairngorms National Park">Cairngorms</a> (2003)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Wales" title="National parks of Wales">Wales</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snowdonia" title="Snowdonia">Snowdonia</a> (Eryri; 1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembrokeshire_Coast_National_Park" title="Pembrokeshire Coast National Park">Pembrokeshire Coast</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brecon_Beacons_National_Park" title="Brecon Beacons National Park">Brecon Beacons</a><br />(Bannau Brycheiniog; 1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Wales_National_Park" title="North East Wales National Park">North East Wales</a>†</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> Parentheses denotes the year. An area with <b>‡</b> has similar status to a UK National Park. Areas marked <b>†</b> are proposed.</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_parks_in_the_UK" title="Template:National parks in the UK"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_parks_in_the_UK" title="Template talk:National parks in the UK"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_parks_in_the_UK" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National parks in the UK"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Exmoor</b> is loosely defined as an area of hilly open <a href="/wiki/Moorland" title="Moorland">moorland</a> in west <a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a> and north <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West England</a>. It is named after the <a href="/wiki/River_Exe" title="River Exe">River Exe</a>, the source of which is situated in the centre of the area, two miles north-west of <a href="/wiki/Simonsbath" title="Simonsbath">Simonsbath</a>. Exmoor is more precisely defined as the area of the former ancient royal hunting forest, also called Exmoor, which was officially surveyed 1815–1818 as 18,810 acres (7,610 ha) in extent. The moor has given its name to a <a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_England_and_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="National parks of England and Wales">National Park</a>, which includes the <a href="/wiki/Brendon_Hills" title="Brendon Hills">Brendon Hills</a>, the <a href="/wiki/East_Lyn_Valley" title="East Lyn Valley">East Lyn Valley</a>, the Vale of Porlock and 55 km (34 mi) of the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Channel" title="Bristol Channel">Bristol Channel</a> coast. The total area of the Exmoor National Park is 692.8 km<sup>2</sup> (267.5 sq mi), of which 71% is in Somerset and 29% in Devon. </p><p>The upland area is underlain by <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">sedimentary</a> rocks dating from the <a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous</a> periods with <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a> age rocks on lower slopes. Where these reach the coast, cliffs are formed which are cut with ravines and waterfalls. It was recognised as a <a href="/wiki/Heritage_coast" title="Heritage coast">heritage coast</a> in 1991. The highest point on Exmoor is <a href="/wiki/Dunkery_Hill" title="Dunkery Hill">Dunkery Beacon</a>; at 519 metres (1,703 ft) it is also the highest point in Somerset. The terrain supports <a href="/wiki/Heaths_in_the_British_National_Vegetation_Classification_system" title="Heaths in the British National Vegetation Classification system">lowland heath communities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_woodland" title="Ancient woodland">ancient woodland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blanket_bog" title="Blanket bog">blanket mire</a> which provide habitats for scarce flora and fauna. There have also been reports of the <a href="/wiki/Beast_of_Exmoor" class="mw-redirect" title="Beast of Exmoor">Beast of Exmoor</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cryptozoology" title="Cryptozoology">cryptozoological</a> <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">cat</a> roaming Exmoor. Several areas have been designated as <a href="/wiki/A_Nature_Conservation_Review" title="A Nature Conservation Review">Nature Conservation Review</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geological_Conservation_Review" title="Geological Conservation Review">Geological Conservation Review</a> sites. </p><p>There is evidence of human occupation from the <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a>. This developed for agriculture and extraction of mineral ores into the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Ages</a>. The remains of <a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">standing stones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">cairns</a> and bridges can still be identified. The royal forest was granted a charter in the 13th century, however foresters who managed the area were identified in the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> sheep farming was common with a system of <a href="/wiki/Agistment" title="Agistment">agistment</a> licensing the grazing of livestock as the <a href="/wiki/Inclosure_Acts" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclosure Acts">Inclosure Acts</a> divided up the land. The area is now used for a range of recreational purposes. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_character_area">National character area</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: National character area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Exmoor has been designated as a <a href="/wiki/National_character_area" class="mw-redirect" title="National character area">national character area</a> (No. 145) by <a href="/wiki/Natural_England" title="Natural England">Natural England</a>, the public body responsible for England's natural environment. Neighbouring natural regions include <a href="/wiki/Culm_Measures#National_character_area" title="Culm Measures">The Culm</a> to the southwest, the <a href="/wiki/Devon_Redlands" title="Devon Redlands">Devon Redlands</a> to the south and the <a href="/wiki/Vale_of_Taunton_and_Quantock_Fringes" title="Vale of Taunton and Quantock Fringes">Vale of Taunton and Quantock Fringes</a> to the east.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exmoor_National_Park">Exmoor National Park</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Exmoor National Park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Exmoor was designated a National Park in 1954, under the 1949 <a href="/wiki/National_Parks_and_Access_to_the_Countryside_Act_1949" title="National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949">National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-authority_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-authority-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Exmoor National Park is primarily an <a href="/wiki/Highland" title="Highland">upland</a> area with a dispersed population living mainly in small villages and hamlets.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest settlements are <a href="/wiki/Porlock" title="Porlock">Porlock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dulverton" title="Dulverton">Dulverton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lynton" title="Lynton">Lynton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lynmouth" title="Lynmouth">Lynmouth</a>, which together contain almost 40 per cent of the park's population. Lynton and Lynmouth are combined into one parish and are connected by the <a href="/wiki/Lynton_and_Lynmouth_Cliff_Railway" title="Lynton and Lynmouth Cliff Railway">Lynton and Lynmouth Cliff Railway</a>. </p><p>Exmoor was once a <a href="/wiki/Royal_forest" title="Royal forest">royal forest</a> and hunting ground, covering 18,810 acres (7,610 ha),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was sold off in 1818.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several areas within the Exmoor National Park have been declared <a href="/wiki/Site_of_Special_Scientific_Interest" title="Site of Special Scientific Interest">Sites of Special Scientific Interest</a> due to their flora and fauna.<sup id="cite_ref-glenthornesssi_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glenthornesssi-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-northexmoorsssi_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-northexmoorsssi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-southexmoorsssi_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southexmoorsssi-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This title earns the site some legal protection from development, damage and neglect. In 1993 an <a href="/wiki/Environmentally_sensitive_area" title="Environmentally sensitive area">environmentally sensitive area</a> was established within Exmoor.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is known as a perfect place for <a href="/wiki/Amateur_astronomy" title="Amateur astronomy">stargazing</a>. In 2011, it was designated Europe’s first International Dark Sky Reserve by the <a href="/wiki/International_Dark-Sky_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="International Dark-Sky Association">International Dark-Sky Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Exmoor_National_Park" title="Geology of Exmoor National Park">Geology of Exmoor National Park</a></div> <p>Exmoor is an upland area formed almost exclusively from <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">sedimentary</a> rocks dating from the <a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous</a> periods. The name of the <a href="/wiki/Period_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Period (geology)">geological period</a> and <a href="/wiki/System_(stratigraphy)" title="System (stratigraphy)">system</a>, 'Devonian', comes from Devon, as rocks of that age were first studied and described here. With the exception of a suite of <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a> age rocks forming the lower ground between Porlock and Timberscombe and from Minehead to <a href="/wiki/Nettlecombe,_Somerset" title="Nettlecombe, Somerset">Yarde</a> (within Exmoor National Park but peripheral to the moor itself),<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all of the solid rocks of Exmoor are assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Exmoor_Group" title="Exmoor Group">Exmoor Group</a>, which comprises a mix of <a href="/wiki/Gritstone" title="Gritstone">gritstones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slate" title="Slate">slates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">shales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siltstone" title="Siltstone">siltstones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mudstone" title="Mudstone">mudstones</a>. <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">Quartz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> mineralisation can be detected in outcrops and <a href="/wiki/Subsoil" title="Subsoil">subsoil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Glenthorne" title="Glenthorne">Glenthorne</a> area demonstrates the Trentishoe Member (formerly 'Formation') of the Hangman Sandstone Formation (formerly 'Group'). The Hangman Sandstone represents the Middle Devonian sequence of North Devon and Somerset.<sup id="cite_ref-glenthornesssi_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glenthornesssi-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These unusual freshwater deposits in the Hangman Grits were mainly formed in desert conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-exmoorgeology_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exmoorgeology-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As this area of Britain was not subject to <a href="/wiki/Glacial_period" title="Glacial period">glaciation</a>, the plateau remains as a remarkably old landform.<sup id="cite_ref-exmoorgeology_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exmoorgeology-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bedrock and more recent superficial deposits are covered in part by moorland which is supported by wet, acid soil.<sup id="cite_ref-eelandscape_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eelandscape-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coastline">Coastline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Coastline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Exmoorcliffs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ricky peaks and cliffs topped by greenery, with a small section of blue see visible to the left." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Exmoorcliffs.jpg/220px-Exmoorcliffs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Exmoorcliffs.jpg/330px-Exmoorcliffs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Exmoorcliffs.jpg/440px-Exmoorcliffs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>The Exmoor coastline near the <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Rocks" title="Valley of Rocks">Valley of Rocks</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Exmoor has 55 kilometres (34 miles) of coastline. The highest sea cliff on mainland Britain (if a cliff is defined as having a slope greater than 60 degrees) is <a href="/wiki/Hangman_cliffs" title="Hangman cliffs">Great Hangman</a> near <a href="/wiki/Combe_Martin" title="Combe Martin">Combe Martin</a> at 318 m (1,043 ft) high, with a cliff face of 250 m (820 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-moorfacts_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moorfacts-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its sister cliff is the 200 m (656 ft) Little Hangman, which marks the edge of Exmoor. The coastal hills reach a maximum height of 414 m (1,358 ft) at Culbone Hill.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Exmoor's woodlands sometimes reach the shoreline,<sup id="cite_ref-moorfacts_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moorfacts-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially between Porlock and <a href="/wiki/Foreland_Point" title="Foreland Point">Foreland Point</a>, where they form the single longest stretch of coastal woodland in <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-exmoorscoast_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exmoorscoast-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Exmoor_Coastal_Heaths" title="Exmoor Coastal Heaths">Exmoor Coastal Heaths</a> have been recognised as a Site of Special Scientific Interest due to the diversity of plant species present.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The scenery of rocky headlands, ravines, waterfalls and towering cliffs gained the Exmoor coast recognition as a <a href="/wiki/Heritage_coast" title="Heritage coast">heritage coast</a> in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With its huge waterfalls and caves, this dramatic coastline has become an adventure playground for both climbers and explorers. The cliffs provide one of the longest and most isolated seacliff traverses in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/South_West_Coast_Path" title="South West Coast Path">South West Coast Path</a>, at 1,014 kilometres (630 mi) the longest <a href="/wiki/National_Trails" title="National Trails">National Trail</a> in England and Wales, starts at <a href="/wiki/Minehead" title="Minehead">Minehead</a> and runs along all of Exmoor's coast.<sup id="cite_ref-Xs4all.nl_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xs4all.nl-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Britainexpress.com_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britainexpress.com-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are small harbours at Lynmouth, <a href="/wiki/Porlock_Weir" title="Porlock Weir">Porlock Weir</a> and Combe Martin. Once crucial to coastal trade, the harbours are now primarily used for pleasure; individually owned sailing boats and non-commercial fishing boats are often found in the harbours.<sup id="cite_ref-exmoorscoast_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exmoorscoast-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Rocks" title="Valley of Rocks">Valley of Rocks</a> beyond Lynton is a deep dry valley that runs parallel to the nearby sea and is capped on the seaward side by large rocks,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sexton%27s_Burrows" title="Sexton's Burrows">Sexton's Burrows</a> forms a natural breakwater to the harbour of <a href="/wiki/Watermouth" title="Watermouth">Watermouth</a> Bay on the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivers">Rivers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rivers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LowerEastLynRiver.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A white stream flowing between rock banks through woodland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LowerEastLynRiver.jpg/220px-LowerEastLynRiver.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LowerEastLynRiver.jpg/330px-LowerEastLynRiver.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/LowerEastLynRiver.jpg/440px-LowerEastLynRiver.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/East_Lyn_River" title="East Lyn River">East Lyn River</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The high ground forms the <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">catchment area</a> for numerous rivers and streams. There are about 483 km (300 mi) of named rivers on Exmoor.<sup id="cite_ref-filex07_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-filex07-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/River_Exe" title="River Exe">River Exe</a>, after which Exmoor is named,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/River_source" title="River source">rises</a> at Exe Head near the village of <a href="/wiki/Simonsbath" title="Simonsbath">Simonsbath</a>, close to the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Channel" title="Bristol Channel">Bristol Channel</a> coast, but flows more or less directly due south, so that most of its length lies in <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a>. It reaches the sea at a substantial <a href="/wiki/Ria" title="Ria">ria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a>) on the south (<a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>) coast of Devon.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has several tributaries which arise on Exmoor. The <a href="/wiki/River_Barle" title="River Barle">River Barle</a> runs from northern Exmoor to join the River Exe at <a href="/wiki/Exebridge" title="Exebridge">Exebridge</a>, Devon. The river and the <a href="/wiki/Barle_Valley" title="Barle Valley">Barle Valley</a> are both designated as biological Sites of Special Scientific Interest.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another tributary, the <a href="/wiki/River_Haddeo" title="River Haddeo">River Haddeo</a>, flows from the <a href="/wiki/Wimbleball_Lake" title="Wimbleball Lake">Wimbleball Lake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most other rivers arising on Exmoor flow north to the Bristol Channel. These include the <a href="/wiki/River_Heddon" title="River Heddon">River Heddon</a>, which runs along the western edges of Exmoor, reaching the North Devon coast at <a href="/wiki/Heddon%27s_Mouth" title="Heddon's Mouth">Heddon's Mouth</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/East_Lyn_River" title="East Lyn River">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Lyn_River" title="West Lyn River">West Lyn</a> rivers, which meet at <a href="/wiki/Watersmeet_House" title="Watersmeet House">Watersmeet</a> immediately east of Lynmouth. <a href="/wiki/Hoar_Oak_Water" title="Hoar Oak Water">Hoar Oak Water</a> is a moorland tributary of the East Lyn River which also has its confluence there.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/River_Horner" title="River Horner">River Horner</a>, which is also known as Horner Water, rises near <a href="/wiki/Luccombe,_Somerset" title="Luccombe, Somerset">Luccombe</a> and flows into <a href="/wiki/Porlock_Bay" title="Porlock Bay">Porlock Bay</a> near <a href="/wiki/Hurlstone_Point" title="Hurlstone Point">Hurlstone Point</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/River_Mole,_Devon" title="River Mole, Devon">River Mole</a> arises on the south-western flanks of Exmoor and is the major tributary of the <a href="/wiki/River_Taw" title="River Taw">River Taw</a>, which itself flows northward from <a href="/wiki/Dartmoor" title="Dartmoor">Dartmoor</a>. <a href="/wiki/Badgworthy_Water" title="Badgworthy Water">Badgworthy Water</a> is one of the small rivers running north to the coast and is associated with the <a href="/wiki/Lorna_Doone" title="Lorna Doone">Lorna Doone</a> legends.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SnowyExmoor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A thin covering of white snow with rocks poking through it, covering sloping hillsides." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/SnowyExmoor.jpg/220px-SnowyExmoor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/SnowyExmoor.jpg/330px-SnowyExmoor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/SnowyExmoor.jpg/440px-SnowyExmoor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption>Horner Woods, Exmoor, in winter</figcaption></figure> <p>Along with the rest of <a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West England</a>, Exmoor has a <a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate climate</a> which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of England. The mean annual temperature at Simonsbath is 8.3 °C (46.9 °F) with a <a href="/wiki/Season" title="Season">seasonal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diurnal_motion" title="Diurnal motion">diurnal</a> variation, but due to the modifying effect of the sea the range is less than in most other parts of the UK. January is the coldest month, with mean minimum temperatures between 1 and 2 °C (34 and 36 °F). July and August are the warmest months in the region, with mean daily maxima around 21 °C (70 °F). In general, December is the month with the least sunshine and June the month with the most sun. The south-west of England has a favoured location with regard to the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a> high pressure when it extends its influence north-eastwards towards the UK, particularly in summer.<sup id="cite_ref-metoffice_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metoffice-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cumulus_cloud" title="Cumulus cloud">Cloud</a> often forms inland, especially near hills, and reduce the amount of sunshine that reaches the park. The average annual sunshine is about 1,600 hours. <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">Rainfall</a> tends to be associated with <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> <a href="/wiki/Low-pressure_area" title="Low-pressure area">depressions</a> or with convection. In summer, convection, caused by the sun heating the land surface more than the sea, sometimes forms rain <a href="/wiki/Cloud" title="Cloud">clouds</a> and at that time of year a large proportion of the rainfall comes from showers and <a href="/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">thunderstorms</a>. Annual precipitation varies from 800 mm (31 in) in the east of the park to over 2,000 mm (79 in) at The Chains.<sup id="cite_ref-filex07_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-filex07-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in the 24 hours of 16 August 1952, more than 225 mm (8.9 in) of rain fell at The Chains. This rainfall, which followed an exceptionally wet summer, led to disastrous flooding in Lynmouth with 34 dead and extensive damage to the small town.<sup id="cite_ref-filex07_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-filex07-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">Snowfall</a> is very variable from year to year and ranges from 23 days on the high moors to about 6 on coastal areas. November to March have the highest mean wind speeds, with June to August having the lightest winds. The wind comes mostly from the south-west.<sup id="cite_ref-metoffice_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metoffice-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two Met Office Weather stations recording climate data within Exmoor: Liscombe and Nettlecombe.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Nettlecombe 96 m asl, 1971–2000 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9<br />(35.4) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8<br />(35.2) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.1) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(37.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #4646FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">123.6<br />(4.87) </td> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87.6<br />(3.45) </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.6<br />(3.17) </td> <td style="background: #9898FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.3<br />(2.61) </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.6<br />(2.46) </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.7<br />(2.31) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.4<br />(1.71) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.5<br />(2.62) </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.4<br />(3.36) </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">108.6<br />(4.28) </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">106.6<br />(4.20) </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">128.7<br />(5.07) </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,018.6<br />(40.10) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/MetOffice" class="mw-redirect" title="MetOffice">MetOffice</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarr_Steps_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Tarr_Steps_01.jpg/220px-Tarr_Steps_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Tarr_Steps_01.jpg/330px-Tarr_Steps_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Tarr_Steps_01.jpg/440px-Tarr_Steps_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Tarr steps <a href="/wiki/Clapper_bridge" title="Clapper bridge">clapper bridge</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>There is evidence of occupation of the area by people from <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> times onward.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> period, people started to manage animals and grow crops on farms cleared from the woodland, rather than act purely as hunters and as gatherers.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also likely that extraction and smelting of mineral ores to make metal tools, weapons, containers and ornaments started in the late Neolithic, and continued into the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Ages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-natparkhist_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natparkhist-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An earthen ring at <a href="/wiki/Parracombe" title="Parracombe">Parracombe</a> is believed to be a Neolithic <a href="/wiki/Henge" title="Henge">henge</a> dating from 5000–4000 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">BC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cow_Castle" title="Cow Castle">Cow Castle</a>, which is where White Water meets the River Barle, is an Iron Age fort at the top of a conical hill.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tarr_Steps" title="Tarr Steps">Tarr Steps</a> are a <a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">prehistoric</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1000 BC) <a href="/wiki/Clapper_bridge" title="Clapper bridge">clapper bridge</a> across the River Barle, about <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>4 km (<span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> mi) south-east of <a href="/wiki/Withypool" title="Withypool">Withypool</a> and 6 km (4 mi) north-west of Dulverton. The stone slabs weigh up to 5 tonnes apiece, and the bridge has been designated by <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a> as a grade I <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed building</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to recognise its special architectural, historical or cultural significance. There is little evidence of Roman occupation apart from two fortlets on the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-natparkhist_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natparkhist-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lanacombe" title="Lanacombe">Lanacombe</a> is the site of several <a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">standing stones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">cairns</a> which have been scheduled as <a href="/wiki/Ancient_monument" title="Ancient monument">ancient monuments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stone settings are between 30 cm (12 in) and 65 cm (26 in) high.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A series of Bronze Age stone cairns are closely associated with the standing stones.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Holwell Castle, at Parracombe, was a <a href="/wiki/Norman_architecture" title="Norman architecture">Norman</a> <a href="/wiki/Motte-and-bailey_castle" title="Motte-and-bailey castle">motte-and-bailey castle</a> built to guard the junction of the east–west and north–south trade routes, enabling movement of people and goods and the growth of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternative explanations for its construction suggest it may have been constructed to obtain taxes at the River Heddon bridging place, or to protect and supervise <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> mining in the area around Combe Martin.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was 40 metres (131 ft) in diameter and 6.2 m (20 ft) high above the bottom of a rock cut ditch which is 2.7 m (9 ft) deep. It was built, in the late 11th or early 12th century.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earthworks of the castle are still clearly visible from a nearby footpath, but there is no public access to them.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_of_royal_forest">Establishment of royal forest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Establishment of royal forest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal.Forests.1327.1336.selected.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Royal.Forests.1327.1336.selected.jpg/300px-Royal.Forests.1327.1336.selected.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="378" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Royal.Forests.1327.1336.selected.jpg/450px-Royal.Forests.1327.1336.selected.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Royal.Forests.1327.1336.selected.jpg/600px-Royal.Forests.1327.1336.selected.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2324" data-file-height="2931" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>According to the late 13th-century <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Rolls" title="Hundred Rolls">Hundred Rolls</a>, King <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II of England</a> (d. 1189) gave <a href="/wiki/William_of_Wrotham" title="William of Wrotham">William of Wrotham</a> the office of steward of Exmoor.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The terms steward, warden and forester appear to be synonymous for the king's chief officer of the royal forest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wardens">Wardens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Wardens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first recorded wardens were Dodo, Almer & Godric who were named in the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> (1086) as "foresters of Widepolla", <a href="/wiki/Withypool" title="Withypool">Withypool</a> having been the ancient capital of the forest. The family of Denys were associated with <a href="/wiki/Ilchester" title="Ilchester">Ilchester</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/North_Petherton" title="North Petherton">"Petherton"</a>. William of Wrotham, who died in 1217, was steward of the forests of Exmoor and North Petherton, Somerset. Walter and Robert were named as foresters of Exmoor when they witnessed an early 13th-century grant to <a href="/wiki/Forde_Abbey" title="Forde Abbey">Forde Abbey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1276 the jurors of <a href="/wiki/Brushford,_Somerset" title="Brushford, Somerset">Brushford</a> manor made a complaint about John de Camera in the Court of Exchequer in which he was described as forester of Exmoor.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>William Lucar of "Wythecomb", the brother of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Lucar" title="Elizabeth Lucar">Elizabeth Lucar</a>, was forester <i>temp.</i> under Henry VI, between 1422 and 1461. <a href="/wiki/William_de_Botreaux,_3rd_Baron_Botreaux" title="William de Botreaux, 3rd Baron Botreaux">William de Botreaux, 3rd Baron Botreaux</a> was appointed in 1435 warden of the forests of Exmoor and <a href="/wiki/Castle_Neroche" title="Castle Neroche">Neroche</a> for life by <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York">Richard Duke of York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Botreaux family had long held the manor of <a href="/wiki/Molland" title="Molland">Molland</a> at the southern edge of Exmoor, but were probably resident mainly at <a href="/wiki/North_Cadbury" title="North Cadbury">North Cadbury</a> in Somerset. On 10 May 1461 <a href="/wiki/William_Bourchier,_9th_Baron_FitzWarin" title="William Bourchier, 9th Baron FitzWarin">William Bourchier, 9th Baron FitzWarin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feudal_barony_of_Bampton" title="Feudal barony of Bampton">feudal baron of Bampton</a> was appointed by King Edward IV as Master Forester of the Forests of Exmoor and Neroche for life.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sir John Poyntz of <a href="/wiki/Manor_of_Iron_Acton" title="Manor of Iron Acton">Iron Acton</a>, Gloucestershire, was warden or chief forester of Exmoor in 1568 when he brought an action in the Court of Exchequer against Henry Rolle (of <a href="/wiki/Heanton_Satchville,_Petrockstowe" title="Heanton Satchville, Petrockstowe">Heanton Satchville, Petrockstowe</a>), the powerful lord of the manors of Exton, Hawkridge and Withypool.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1608 Sir Hugh Pollard was named as chief forester in a suit brought before the Court of Exchequer by his deputy William Pincombe. <a href="/wiki/James_Butler,_1st_Duke_of_Ormonde" class="mw-redirect" title="James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde">James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde</a>, was named as Keeper of Exmoor Forest in 1660 and 1661. <a href="/wiki/James_Boevey" title="James Boevey">James Boevey</a> was a forester in the 17th century. Sir Richard Acland (or possibly Sir Thomas Dyke Acland) was the last forester up to 1818. One of the roles of the Warden was Master of Staghounds<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and this role continued to be exercised by the Master of the <a href="/wiki/Devon_and_Somerset_Staghounds" title="Devon and Somerset Staghounds">Devon and Somerset Staghounds</a>, a position extant today. By 1820 the royal forest had been divided up. A quarter of the forest, 10,262 acres (4,153 ha), was sold to <a href="/wiki/John_Knight_(Exmoor_pioneer)" title="John Knight (Exmoor pioneer)">John Knight</a> (1765–1850) in 1818.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This section comprises the present Exmoor Parish, whose parish church is situated in Simonsbath.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wool_trade">Wool trade</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Wool trade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The parish of Exmoor Forest was part of the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_of_Williton_and_Freemanners" title="Hundred of Williton and Freemanners">Hundred of Williton and Freemanners</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A small single story building with a pyramid shaped roof, to the side of a road lined with buildings. Some private small cars visible. Trees in the distance with the skyline of Dunster Castle." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Dunster.jpg/220px-Dunster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Dunster.jpg/330px-Dunster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Dunster.jpg/440px-Dunster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption>Dunster Yarn Market (a covered market for the sale of local cloth, built in 1609) and Dunster Castle, Exmoor</figcaption></figure><p> During the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, sheep farming for the wool trade came to dominate the economy. The wool was spun into thread on isolated farms and collected by merchants to be woven, fulled, dyed and finished in thriving towns such as <a href="/wiki/Dunster" title="Dunster">Dunster</a>. The land started to be enclosed and from the 17th century onwards larger estates developed, leading to establishment of areas of large regular shaped fields. During the 16th and 17th centuries the commons were overstocked with <a href="/wiki/Agistment" title="Agistment">agisted</a> livestock, from farmers outside the immediate area who were charged for the privilege. This led to disputes about the number of animals allowed and the <a href="/wiki/Inclosure_Acts" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclosure Acts">enclosure</a> of land.<sup id="cite_ref-havinden_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-havinden-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid-17th century James Boevey was the warden. The house that he built at <a href="/wiki/Simonsbath" title="Simonsbath">Simonsbath</a> was the only one in the forest for 150 years.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the royal forest was sold off in 1818, John Knight bought the Simonsbath House and the accompanying farm for £50,000. He set about converting the royal forest into agricultural land.<sup id="cite_ref-havinden_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-havinden-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and his family also built most of the large farms in the central section of the moor as well as 35.4 km (22.0 mi) of metalled access roads to Simonsbath and a 46.7 km (29.0 mi) wall around his estate, much of which still survives.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-19th century a mine was developed alongside the River Barle. The mine was originally called Wheal Maria, then changed to Wheal Eliza. It was a <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> mine from 1845–54 and then an iron mine until 1857, although the first mining activity on the site may be from 1552.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Simonsbath, a restored <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> water-powered sawmill, which was damaged in the floods of 1992, has now been purchased by the National Park and returned to working order; it is now used to make the footpath signs, gates, stiles and bridges for various sites in the park.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caddow_Combe_-_geograph.org.uk_-_73885.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Caddow_Combe_-_geograph.org.uk_-_73885.jpg/200px-Caddow_Combe_-_geograph.org.uk_-_73885.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Caddow_Combe_-_geograph.org.uk_-_73885.jpg/300px-Caddow_Combe_-_geograph.org.uk_-_73885.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Caddow_Combe_-_geograph.org.uk_-_73885.jpg/400px-Caddow_Combe_-_geograph.org.uk_-_73885.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Caddow Combe, near Foreland Point, representative of much of Exmoor's unimproved landscape</figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to the Exmoor Coastal Heaths Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), two other areas are specifically designated. <a href="/wiki/North_Exmoor_SSSI" title="North Exmoor SSSI">North Exmoor</a> covers 12,005.3 hectares (29,666 acres)<sup id="cite_ref-northexmoorsssi_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-northexmoorsssi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and includes the <a href="/wiki/Dunkery_Hill" title="Dunkery Hill">Dunkery Beacon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Holnicote_Estate" title="Holnicote Estate">Holnicote</a> and Horner Water <a href="/wiki/A_Nature_Conservation_Review" title="A Nature Conservation Review">Nature Conservation Review</a> sites, and the <a href="/wiki/Chains_(geological_site)" title="Chains (geological site)">Chains</a> <a href="/wiki/Geological_Conservation_Review" title="Geological Conservation Review">Geological Conservation Review</a> site. The Chains site is nationally important for its south-western <a href="/wiki/Heaths_in_the_British_National_Vegetation_Classification_system" title="Heaths in the British National Vegetation Classification system">lowland heath communities</a> and for transitions from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_woodland" title="Ancient woodland">Ancient woodland</a> through upland heath to <a href="/wiki/Blanket_bog" title="Blanket bog">blanket mire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-northSSSI_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-northSSSI-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site is also of importance for its breeding bird communities, its large population of the nationally rare <a href="/wiki/Heath_fritillary" title="Heath fritillary">heath fritillary</a> (<i>Mellicta athalia</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-moorfacts_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moorfacts-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an exceptional woodland <a href="/wiki/Lichen" title="Lichen">lichen</a> <a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Palynology" title="Palynology">palynological</a> interest of deep peat on the Chains.<sup id="cite_ref-northSSSI_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-northSSSI-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/South_Exmoor_SSSI" title="South Exmoor SSSI">South Exmoor SSSI</a> is smaller, covering 3,132.7 hectares (7,741 acres)<sup id="cite_ref-southexmoorsssi_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southexmoorsssi-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and including the River Barle and its tributaries with submerged plants such as <a href="/wiki/Myriophyllum_alterniflorum" title="Myriophyllum alterniflorum">alternate water-milfoil</a> (<i>Myriophyllum alterniflorum</i>). There are small areas of semi-natural woodland within the site, including some which are ancient. The most abundant tree species is <a href="/wiki/Quercus_petraea" title="Quercus petraea">sessile oak</a> (<i>Quercus petraea</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Shrub_layer" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrub layer">shrub layer</a> is very sparse and the ground flora includes <a href="/wiki/Bracken" title="Bracken">bracken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bilberry" title="Bilberry">bilberry</a> and a variety of mosses. The heaths have strong breeding populations of birds, including <a href="/wiki/Whinchat" title="Whinchat">whinchat</a> (<i>Saxicola rubetra</i>) and <a href="/wiki/European_stonechat" title="European stonechat">European stonechat</a> (<i>Saxicola rubicola</i>). <a href="/wiki/Northern_wheatear" title="Northern wheatear">Wheatear</a> (<i>Oenanthe oenanthe</i>) are common near stone boundary walls and other stony places. <a href="/wiki/Common_grasshopper_warbler" title="Common grasshopper warbler">Grasshopper warbler</a> (<i>Locustella naevia</i>) breed in scrub and tall heath. Trees on the moorland edges provide nesting sites for <a href="/wiki/Lesser_redpoll" title="Lesser redpoll">Lesser redpoll</a> (<i>Acanthis cabaret</i>), <a href="/wiki/Common_buzzard" title="Common buzzard">common buzzard</a> (<i>Buteo buteo</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Common_raven" title="Common raven">raven</a> (<i>Corvus corax</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-southSSSI_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southSSSI-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora">Flora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sea_of_Heather_on_Dunkery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ground cover purple coloured plants, with hills in the background." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Sea_of_Heather_on_Dunkery.jpg/220px-Sea_of_Heather_on_Dunkery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Sea_of_Heather_on_Dunkery.jpg/330px-Sea_of_Heather_on_Dunkery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Sea_of_Heather_on_Dunkery.jpg/440px-Sea_of_Heather_on_Dunkery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="941" /></a><figcaption>Dunkery Beacon, with heather in bloom</figcaption></figure> <p>Uncultivated <a href="/wiki/Heath" title="Heath">heath</a> and moorland cover about a quarter of Exmoor landscape.<sup id="cite_ref-eelandscape_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eelandscape-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some moors are covered by a variety of <a href="/wiki/Grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Grass">grasses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">sedges</a>, while others are dominated by <a href="/wiki/Calluna" title="Calluna">heather</a>. There are also cultivated areas including the <a href="/wiki/Brendon_Hills" title="Brendon Hills">Brendon Hills</a>, which lie in the east of the National Park. There are also 3,000 hectares (7,400 acres) of <a href="/wiki/Forestry_Commission" title="Forestry Commission">Forestry Commission</a> woodland,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> comprising a mixture of broad-leaved (<a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraxinus" title="Fraxinus">ash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hazel" title="Hazel">hazel</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Pinophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinophyta">conifer</a> trees. Horner Woodlands and Tarr Steps woodlands are prime examples. The country's highest beech tree, 350 m (1,150 ft) above sea level, is at Birch Cleave at Simonsbath but beech in hedgebanks grow up to 490 m (1,610 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-moorfacts_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moorfacts-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least two species of <a href="/wiki/Whitebeam" title="Whitebeam">whitebeam</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Sorbus_subcuneata" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorbus subcuneata">Sorbus subcuneata</a></i> and Sorbus 'Taxon D' are unique to Exmoor.<sup id="cite_ref-moorfacts_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moorfacts-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These woodlands are home to lichens, <a href="/wiki/Moss" title="Moss">mosses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">ferns</a>. Exmoor is the only national location for the lichens <i>Biatoridium delitescens</i>, <i>Rinodina fimbriata</i> and <i>Rinodina flavosoralifera</i>, the latter having been found only on one individual tree.<sup id="cite_ref-moorfacts_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moorfacts-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024, plans were unveiled to plant approximately 38,000 trees near the sea on Exmoor as part of a larger initiative led by the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust" title="National Trust">National Trust</a> to plant over 100,000 trees in northern Devon, aimed at supporting <a href="/wiki/Celtic_rainforest" title="Celtic rainforest">Celtic rainforests</a>. Among the species earmarked for planting is the nearly extinct <a href="/wiki/Karpatiosorbus_devoniensis" title="Karpatiosorbus devoniensis">Devon whitebeam</a>, a tree found only in England's <a href="/wiki/West_Country" title="West Country">West Country</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>. It can reproduce without fertilization and once had its edible fruit sold as "sorb apples" in Devon markets.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fauna">Fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hp_Ponies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Four small grey ponies in a grassy field." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Hp_Ponies.jpg/220px-Hp_Ponies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Hp_Ponies.jpg/330px-Hp_Ponies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Hp_Ponies.jpg/440px-Hp_Ponies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption>A herd of Exmoor pony foals</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">Sheep</a> have grazed on the moors for more than 3,000 years, shaping much of the Exmoor landscape by feeding on moorland grasses and heather. Traditional breeds include <a href="/wiki/Exmoor_Horn" title="Exmoor Horn">Exmoor Horn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheviot_sheep" title="Cheviot sheep">Cheviot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whiteface_Dartmoor" title="Whiteface Dartmoor">Whiteface Dartmoor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greyface_Dartmoor" title="Greyface Dartmoor">Greyface Dartmoor</a> sheep. <a href="/wiki/North_Devon_cattle" title="North Devon cattle">North Devon cattle</a> are also farmed in the area. <a href="/wiki/Exmoor_pony" title="Exmoor pony">Exmoor ponies</a> can be seen roaming freely on the moors. They are a <a href="/wiki/Landrace" title="Landrace">landrace</a> rather than a <a href="/wiki/Breed" title="Breed">breed</a> of pony, and may be the closest breed to <a href="/wiki/Wild_horse" title="Wild horse">wild horses</a> remaining in Europe; they are also one of the oldest breeds of pony in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-ee409_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ee409-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ee411_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ee411-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ponies are rounded up once a year to be marked and checked over. In 1818 Sir <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Dyke_Acland,_11th_Baronet" title="Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, 11th Baronet">Thomas Acland</a>, the last warden of Exmoor, took thirty ponies and established the Acland Herd, now known as the Anchor Herd, whose direct descendants still roam the moor.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> the moor became a training ground, and the breed was nearly killed off, with only 50 ponies surviving the war.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ponies are classified as endangered by the <a href="/wiki/Rare_Breeds_Survival_Trust" title="Rare Breeds Survival Trust">Rare Breeds Survival Trust</a>, with only 390 breeding females left in the UK. In 2006 a Rural Enterprise Grant, administered locally by the South West Rural Development Service, was obtained to create a new Exmoor Pony Centre at Ashwick, at a disused farm with 7 hectares (17 acres) of land with a further 56 hectares (140 acres) of moorland.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Red_deer" title="Red deer">Red deer</a> have a stronghold on the moor and can be seen on quiet hillsides in remote areas, particularly in the early morning. The <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Exmoor" title="Emperor of Exmoor">Emperor of Exmoor</a>, a red stag (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>), was Britain's largest known wild land animal, until it was killed in October 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-g_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-exp_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exp-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Moorland" title="Moorland">moorland</a> habitat is also home to hundreds of species of <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insects</a>. Birds seen on the moor include <a href="/wiki/Merlin_(bird)" title="Merlin (bird)">merlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_falcon" title="Peregrine falcon">peregrine falcon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_curlew" title="Eurasian curlew">Eurasian curlew</a>, European stonechat, <a href="/wiki/White-throated_dipper" title="White-throated dipper">dipper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dartford_warbler" title="Dartford warbler">Dartford warbler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ring_ouzel" title="Ring ouzel">ring ouzel</a>. <a href="/wiki/Black_grouse" title="Black grouse">Black grouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_grouse" title="Red grouse">red grouse</a> are now <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinct</a> on Exmoor,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> probably as a result of a reduction in habitat management, and for the former species, an increase in visitor pressure.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beast">Beast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Beast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Beast_of_Exmoor" class="mw-redirect" title="Beast of Exmoor">Beast of Exmoor</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Cryptozoology" title="Cryptozoology">cryptozoological</a> <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">cat</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Phantom_cat" title="Phantom cat">phantom cat</a>) that is reported to roam Exmoor. There have been numerous reports of eyewitness sightings. The BBC calls it "the famous-yet-elusive beast of Exmoor".<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sightings were first reported in the 1970s although it became notorious in 1983, when a <a href="/wiki/South_Molton" title="South Molton">South Molton</a> farmer claimed to have lost over 100 sheep in the space of three months, all of them apparently killed by violent throat injuries. In response to these reports Royal Marine Commandos were deployed from bases in the West Country to watch for the mythical beast from covert observation points. After 6 months no sightings had been made by the Royal Marines and the deployments were ended. Descriptions of its colouration range from black to tan or dark grey. It is possibly a <a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">cougar</a> or black <a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopard</a> which was released after a law was passed in 1976 making it illegal for them to be kept in captivity outside zoos. In 2006, the British Big Cats Society reported that a skull found by a Devon farmer was that of a puma; however, the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Environment,_Food_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs">Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs</a> (Defra) states, "Based on the evidence, Defra does not believe that there are big cats living in the wild in England."<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Exmoor_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Exmoor_Flag.svg/220px-Exmoor_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Exmoor_Flag.svg/330px-Exmoor_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Exmoor_Flag.svg/440px-Exmoor_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>The official <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Exmoor" title="Flag of Exmoor">Flag of Exmoor</a>, unveiled at the West Somerset Railway Station in Minehead on 29 October 2014<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The National Park, 71% of which is in Somerset and 29% in Devon,<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has a resident population of 10,600.<sup id="cite_ref-moorfacts_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moorfacts-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was designated a National Park in 1954, under the 1949 National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act.<sup id="cite_ref-authority_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-authority-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About three quarters of the park is privately owned, made up of numerous private estates. The largest landowners are the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Places_of_Historic_Interest_or_Natural_Beauty" class="mw-redirect" title="National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty">National Trust</a>, which owns over 10% of the land, and the National Park Authority, which owns about 7%. Other areas are owned by the <a href="/wiki/Forestry_Commission" title="Forestry Commission">Forestry Commission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_Estate" title="Crown Estate">Crown Estate</a> and Water Companies. The largest private landowner is the <i>Badgworthy Land Company</i>, which represents hunting interests.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1954 on, local government was the responsibility of the district and county councils, which remain responsible for the social and economic well-being of the local community. Since 1997 the Exmoor National Park Authority, which is known as a 'single purpose' authority, has taken over some functions to meet its aims to "conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of the National Parks" and "promote opportunities for the understanding and enjoyment of the special qualities of the parks by the public",<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including responsibility for the conservation of the historic environment.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Park Authority receives 80% of its funding as a direct grant from the government. The Park Authority Committee consists of members from parish and county councils, and six appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_(United_Kingdom)" title="Secretary of State (United Kingdom)">Secretary of State</a>. The work is carried out by 80 staff including rangers, volunteers and a team of estate workers who carry out a wide range of tasks including maintaining the many miles of rights of way, <a href="/wiki/Hedge_laying" class="mw-redirect" title="Hedge laying">hedge laying</a>, fencing, swaling, walling, invasive weed control and habitat management on National Park Authority land.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are ongoing debates between the authority and farmers over the biological monitoring of SSSIs, showing the need for a controlled regime of grazing and burning; farmers claim that these regimes are not practical or effective in the long term.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The National Park Authority operates CareMoor for Exmoor as an opportunity for those that appreciate the area to give back, with donations supporting conservation and access projects. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport_and_recreation">Sport and recreation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sport and recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sightseeing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sightseeing">Sightseeing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walking" title="Walking">walking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">cycling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mountain_biking" title="Mountain biking">mountain biking</a> taking in Exmoor's dramatic heritage coastline and moorland countryside scenery are the main attractions. The <a href="/wiki/South_West_Coast_Path" title="South West Coast Path">South West Coast Path</a> starts at <a href="/wiki/Minehead" title="Minehead">Minehead</a> and follows all along the Exmoor coast before continuing to <a href="/wiki/Poole" title="Poole">Poole</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-Xs4all.nl_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xs4all.nl-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Britainexpress.com_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britainexpress.com-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Coleridge_Way" title="Coleridge Way">Coleridge Way</a> is an 82 km (51 mi) <a href="/wiki/Trail" title="Trail">footpath</a><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which follows the walks taken by poet <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lynmouth" title="Lynmouth">Lynmouth</a>, starting from <a href="/wiki/Coleridge_Cottage" title="Coleridge Cottage">Coleridge Cottage</a> at <a href="/wiki/Nether_Stowey" title="Nether Stowey">Nether Stowey</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Quantock_Hills" title="Quantock Hills">Quantocks</a> where he once lived. The <a href="/wiki/Two_Moors_Way" title="Two Moors Way">Two Moors Way</a> runs from <a href="/wiki/Ivybridge" title="Ivybridge">Ivybridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Devon" title="South Devon">South Devon</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lynmouth" title="Lynmouth">Lynmouth</a> on the <a href="/wiki/North_Devon_Coast" title="North Devon Coast">coast of North Devon</a>, crossing parts of both Dartmoor and Exmoor.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both of these walks intersect with the <a href="/wiki/South_West_Coast_Path" title="South West Coast Path">South West Coast Path</a>, Britain's longest National Trail. Other Exmoor walking trails include the <a href="/wiki/Tarka_Trail" title="Tarka Trail">Tarka Trail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samaritans_Way_South_West" title="Samaritans Way South West">Samaritans Way South West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Way_West" title="Macmillan Way West">Macmillan Way West</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exe_Valley_Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exe Valley Way (page does not exist)">Exe Valley Way</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Way" title="Celtic Way">Celtic Way</a> Exmoor Option. </p><p>In addition to long distant walks the Exmoor National Park Authority promote a series 'top walks' in 3 collections of Exmoor Strolls (step and stile free routes more accessible routes), Exmoor Explorers (shorter walks to discover the best of Exmoor) and Exmoor Classics (longer walks to discover more of Exmoor). </p><p>For others, although the <a href="/wiki/Hunting_and_shooting_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom">hunting</a> of animal with hounds was made illegal by the <a href="/wiki/Hunting_Act_2004" title="Hunting Act 2004">Hunting Act 2004</a>, the Exmoor hunts still meet in full regalia and there is a campaign to resurrect this rural sport.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nine hunts cover the area—the Devon and Somerset Staghounds and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quantock_Staghounds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quantock Staghounds (page does not exist)">Quantock Staghounds</a>, the Exmoor, Dulverton West, Dulverton Farmers and West Somerset Foxhounds, the Minehead Harriers, the West Somerset Beagles and the North Devon Beagles. During the spring, amateur steeplechase meetings (<a href="/wiki/Point-to-point_(steeplechase)" title="Point-to-point (steeplechase)">point-to-points</a>) are run by hunts at temporary courses such as <a href="/wiki/Bratton_Fleming" title="Bratton Fleming">Bratton Down</a> and Holnicote. These, along with <a href="/wiki/Thoroughbred_horse_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoroughbred horse racing">thoroughbred racing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">pony racing</a>, are an opportunity for farmers, hunt staff and the public to witness a day of traditional country entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Places_of_interest">Places of interest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Places of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Devon_Exmoor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="White signpost on a path on the left. To the right are rolling green fields on the hillsides." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/North_Devon_Exmoor.jpg/220px-North_Devon_Exmoor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/North_Devon_Exmoor.jpg/330px-North_Devon_Exmoor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/North_Devon_Exmoor.jpg/440px-North_Devon_Exmoor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="825" /></a><figcaption>Exmoor landscape</figcaption></figure> <p>The attractions of Exmoor include 208 <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monument" title="Scheduled monument">Scheduled monuments</a>, 16 conservation areas, and other <a href="/wiki/Freedom_to_roam" title="Freedom to roam">open access land</a> as designated by the <a href="/wiki/Countryside_and_Rights_of_Way_Act_2000" title="Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000">Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000</a>. Exmoor receives approximately 1.4 million visitor days per year which include single day visits and those for longer periods.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Exmoor National Park Authority operates three Exmoor National Park Centres in Dulverton, Dunster and Lynmouth to provide information and inspiration for users of the National Park. </p><p>Attractions on the coast include the <a href="/wiki/Lynton_and_Lynmouth_Cliff_Railway" title="Lynton and Lynmouth Cliff Railway">Lynton and Lynmouth Cliff Railway</a>, which connects <a href="/wiki/Lynton" title="Lynton">Lynton</a> to neighbouring picturesque <a href="/wiki/Lynmouth" title="Lynmouth">Lynmouth</a> at the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/East_Lyn_River" title="East Lyn River">East Lyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Lyn_River" title="West Lyn River">West Lyn</a> rivers, nearby <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Rocks" title="Valley of Rocks">Valley of Rocks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Watersmeet_House" title="Watersmeet House">Watersmeet</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Woody_Bay,_Devon" title="Woody Bay, Devon">Woody Bay</a>, a few miles west of <a href="/wiki/Lynton" title="Lynton">Lynton</a>, is home to the <a href="/wiki/Lynton_and_Barnstaple_Railway" title="Lynton and Barnstaple Railway">Lynton & Barnstaple Railway</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge_railway" title="Narrow-gauge railway">narrow-gauge railway</a> which once connected the twin towns of <a href="/wiki/Lynton" title="Lynton">Lynton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lynmouth" title="Lynmouth">Lynmouth</a> to <a href="/wiki/Barnstaple" title="Barnstaple">Barnstaple</a>, about 31 km (just over 19 miles) away.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further along the coast, <a href="/wiki/Porlock" title="Porlock">Porlock</a> is a quiet coastal town with an adjacent <a href="/wiki/Salt_marsh" title="Salt marsh">salt marsh</a> nature reserve and a harbour at nearby <a href="/wiki/Porlock_Weir" title="Porlock Weir">Porlock Weir</a>. <a href="/wiki/Watchet" title="Watchet">Watchet</a> is a historic harbour town with a marina and is home to a carnival, which is held annually in July.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inland, many of the attractions are small towns and villages or linked to the river valleys, such as the ancient clapper bridge at <a href="/wiki/Tarr_Steps" title="Tarr Steps">Tarr Steps</a> and the Snowdrop Valley near <a href="/wiki/Wheddon_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheddon Cross">Wheddon Cross</a>, which is carpeted in <a href="/wiki/Galanthus" title="Galanthus">snowdrops</a> in February<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, later, displays <a href="/wiki/Hyacinthoides_non-scripta" title="Hyacinthoides non-scripta">bluebells</a>. <a href="/wiki/Withypool" title="Withypool">Withypool</a> is also in the Barle Valley, the Two Moors Way passes through the village.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as <a href="/wiki/Dunster_Castle" title="Dunster Castle">Dunster Castle</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dunster's other attractions include a priory,<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dovecote" title="Dovecote">dovecote</a>, yarn market,<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> inn,<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Packhorse_bridge" title="Packhorse bridge">packhorse bridge</a>, mill and a stop on the <a href="/wiki/West_Somerset_Railway" title="West Somerset Railway">West Somerset Railway</a>. <a href="/wiki/Exford,_Somerset" title="Exford, Somerset">Exford</a> lies on the River Exe. </p><p>Exmoor has been the setting for several <a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">novels</a> including the 19th-century <i>Lorna Doone: A Romance of Exmoor</i> by <a href="/wiki/R._D._Blackmore" title="R. D. Blackmore">R. D. Blackmore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Drabble" title="Margaret Drabble">Margaret Drabble's</a> 1998 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Witch_of_Exmoor" title="The Witch of Exmoor">The Witch of Exmoor</a></i>. The park was featured on the television programme <i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Natural_Wonders" title="Seven Natural Wonders">Seven Natural Wonders</a></i> twice, as one of the wonders of the <a href="/wiki/West_Country" title="West Country">West Country</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wheal_Eliza_Mine" title="Wheal Eliza Mine">Wheal Eliza Mine</a> on the River Barle near Simonsbath was an unsuccessful copper and iron mine.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Near <a href="/wiki/Wheddon_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheddon Cross">Wheddon Cross</a> is Snowdrop Valley, which becomes filled with thousands of little white flowers called <a href="/wiki/Snowdrops" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowdrops">snowdrops</a> during early spring. Within the valley is a <a href="/wiki/Sawmill" title="Sawmill">sawmill</a>, formerly powered by the River Avill, which runs through the valley.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Somerset_shield.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Somerset_shield.png/23px-Somerset_shield.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Somerset_shield.png/34px-Somerset_shield.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Somerset_shield.png/45px-Somerset_shield.png 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="1288" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Somerset" title="Portal:Somerset">Somerset portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moorland" title="Moorland">Moor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_Bourne" title="Hope Bourne">Hope Bourne</a>, author of <i>Living On Exmoor</i> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exmore" class="mw-redirect" title="Exmore">Exmore</a> in Virginia (US), named after Exmoor</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/2303045?category=587130">"NCA Profile:145 Exmoor (NE342)"</a>. Natural England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104413/http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/2303045?category=587130">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NCA+Profile%3A145+Exmoor+%28NE342%29&rft.pub=Natural+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublications.naturalengland.org.uk%2Fpublication%2F2303045%3Fcategory%3D587130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-authority-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-authority_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-authority_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/learning/?a=127777">"Our National Parks"</a>. Exmoor National Park. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131013072419/http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/learning/?a=127777">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+National+Parks&rft.pub=Exmoor+National+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk%2Flearning%2F%3Fa%3D127777&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151003123026/http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/118473/ELAP-2010-2013.pdf">"Exmoor Landscape Action Plan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Exmoor National Park. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/118473/ELAP-2010-2013.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exmoor+Landscape+Action+Plan&rft.pub=Exmoor+National+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0006%2F118473%2FELAP-2010-2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreece" class="citation web cs1">Preece, Emma Jane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151003123038/http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/583232/Lansdcape-Character-Assessment-document.pdf">"Exmoor Landscape Character Assessment"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Flying+High&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Finsideout%2Fwest%2Fseries6%2Fexmoor.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.madasafish.com/~exmoorwalker/page100.html">"The Exmoor Coast Traverse"</a>. <i>Exmoor Walker</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040349/http://members.madasafish.com/~exmoorwalker/page100.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Exmoor+Walker&rft.atitle=The+Exmoor+Coast+Traverse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmembers.madasafish.com%2F~exmoorwalker%2Fpage100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Xs4all.nl-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Xs4all.nl_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Xs4all.nl_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080503091008/http://www.xs4all.nl/~keizee/southwest.html">"Long distance footpaths in Britain: Southwest England"</a>. Xs4all.nl. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xs4all.nl/~keizee/southwest.html">the original</a> on 3 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Long+distance+footpaths+in+Britain%3A+Southwest+England&rft.pub=Xs4all.nl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xs4all.nl%2F~keizee%2Fsouthwest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britainexpress.com-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britainexpress.com_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britainexpress.com_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britainexpress.com/countryside/national-trails/swcp.htm">"South West Coast Path National Trail"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+West+Coast+Path+National+Trail&rft.pub=Britainexpress.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britainexpress.com%2Fcountryside%2Fnational-trails%2Fswcp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150911053029/http://www.devon.gov.uk/index/environmentplanning/natural_environment/geology/northerndevon.htm">"Geology to see in Northern Devon and Exmoor"</a>. Devon County Council. 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North Devon Marketing Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150930073603/http://www.northdevon.com/beaches/watermouth-bay">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Watermouth+Bay&rft.pub=North+Devon+Marketing+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northdevon.com%2Fbeaches%2Fwatermouth-bay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-filex07-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-filex07_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-filex07_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-filex07_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/learning/?a=122273">"Water on Exmoor – Filex 7"</a>. <i>Exmoor National Park</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120405073936/http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/learning/?a=122273">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exmoor%27s+Rivers&rft.pub=Exmoor+National+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk%2Fenvironment%2Frivers-and-the-coast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307212207/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/marine-conservation-advice-for-special-protection-area-exe-estuary-uk9010081/exe-estuary-spa-site-information">"Exe Estuary SPA: site information (draft)"</a>. Natural England. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exe+Estuary+SPA%3A+site+information+%28draft%29&rft.pub=Natural+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fpublications%2Fmarine-conservation-advice-for-special-protection-area-exe-estuary-uk9010081%2Fexe-estuary-spa-site-information&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061013121853/http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000449.pdf">"Barle Valley"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>English Nature</i>. 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Somerset Rivers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151013004802/http://www.somersetrivers.org/index.php?module=Content&func=view&pid=14">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=River+Haddeo&rft.pub=Somerset+Rivers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsomersetrivers.org%2Findex.php%3Fmodule%3DContent%26func%3Dview%26pid%3D14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140826210326/http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/article-1356403558255/">"Coastal walk – Heddon Valley & Woody Bay, Exmoor, North Devon Coast"</a>. <i>National Trust</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Trust&rft.atitle=Watersmeet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationaltrust.org.uk%2Fmain%2Fw-vh%2Fw-visits%2Fw-findaplace%2Fw-watersmeethouse%2Fw-watersmeet-history_archaeology.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://somersetrivers.org/index.php?module=Content&func=view&pid=16">"River Horner"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/location/southwestengland/index.html">the original</a> on 25 February 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+south-west+England&rft.pub=Met+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Fclimate%2Fuk%2Flocation%2Fsouthwestengland%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate-network/#?tab=climateNetwork">"Weather Stations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UKMO" class="mw-redirect" title="UKMO">UKMO</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150324093747/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate-network/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weather+Stations&rft.pub=UKMO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Fpublic%2Fweather%2Fclimate-network%2F%23%3Ftab%3DclimateNetwork&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140302215910/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/sites/nettlecombe.html">"Nettlecombe Climate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UKMO" class="mw-redirect" title="UKMO">UKMO</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/sites/nettlecombe.html">the original</a> on 2 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nettlecombe+Climate&rft.pub=UKMO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Fclimate%2Fuk%2Faverages%2F19712000%2Fsites%2Fnettlecombe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094603/http://www.exmoorher.co.uk/mesolithic">"Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age)"</a>. <i>Exmoor Historic Environment Record</i>. Exmoor National Park. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exmoorher.co.uk/mesolithic">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Exmoor+Historic+Environment+Record&rft.atitle=Mesolithic+%28Middle+Stone+Age%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exmoorher.co.uk%2Fmesolithic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFyfeBrownRippon2003" class="citation journal cs1">Fyfe, R.M.; Brown, A. G.; Rippon, S. J. (2003). "Mid- to late-Holocene vegetation history of Greater Exmoor, UK: estimating the spatial extent of human-induced vegetation change". <i>Vegetation History and Archaeobotany</i>. <b>12</b> (4): 215–232. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00334-003-0018-3">10.1007/s00334-003-0018-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10036%2F29653">10036/29653</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:128994811">128994811</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vegetation+History+and+Archaeobotany&rft.atitle=Mid-+to+late-Holocene+vegetation+history+of+Greater+Exmoor%2C+UK%3A+estimating+the+spatial+extent+of+human-induced+vegetation+change&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=215-232&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10036%2F29653&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A128994811%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00334-003-0018-3&rft.aulast=Fyfe&rft.aufirst=R.M.&rft.au=Brown%2C+A.+G.&rft.au=Rippon%2C+S.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span><span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-natparkhist-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-natparkhist_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-natparkhist_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729085614/http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/environment/history/the-hiistory-of-exmoor">"The history of Exmoor"</a>. Exmoor National Park. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/environment/history/the-hiistory-of-exmoor">the original</a> on 29 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+history+of+Exmoor&rft.pub=Exmoor+National+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk%2Fenvironment%2Fhistory%2Fthe-hiistory-of-exmoor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England34989" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=34989&resourceID=19191">"Cow Castle (34989)"</a>. <i>Research records (formerly PastScape)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+records+%28formerly+PastScape%29&rft.atitle=Cow+Castle+%2834989%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D34989%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1247822" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1247822?section=official-list-entry">"Tarr Steps (1247822)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Tarr+Steps+%281247822%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1247822%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1014273" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1014273?section=official-list-entry">"Lanacombe 1: a stone setting and two cairns on the east side of Lanacombe (1014273)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Lanacombe+1%3A+a+stone+setting+and+two+cairns+on+the+east+side+of+Lanacombe+%281014273%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1014273%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1014274" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1014274?section=official-list-entry">"Lanacombe 2: a stone setting and cairn on the east side of Lanacombe (1014274)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Lanacombe+2%3A+a+stone+setting+and+cairn+on+the+east+side+of+Lanacombe+%281014274%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1014274%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1014275" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1014275?section=official-list-entry">"Lanacombe 3: a stone setting and cairn on the east side of Lanacombe (1014275)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Lanacombe+3%3A+a+stone+setting+and+cairn+on+the+east+side+of+Lanacombe+%281014275%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1014275%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1014276" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1014276?section=official-list-entry">"Lanacombe 4: a stone setting on the ENE side of Lanacombe (1014276)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Lanacombe+4%3A+a+stone+setting+on+the+ENE+side+of+Lanacombe+%281014276%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1014276%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1014277" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1014277?section=official-list-entry">"Lanacombe 5: a stone alignment on the south east side of Lanacombe (1014277)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Lanacombe+5%3A+a+stone+alignment+on+the+south+east+side+of+Lanacombe+%281014277%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1014277%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTilley2010" class="citation book cs1">Tilley, Christopher (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uk-1r0dtefgC&q=Lanacombe+Exmoor&pg=PA323"><i>Interpreting Landscapes: Geologies, Topographies, Identities; Explorations in Landscape Phenomenology 3</i></a>. Left Coast Press. pp. 322–323. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781598743746" title="Special:BookSources/9781598743746"><bdi>9781598743746</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interpreting+Landscapes%3A+Geologies%2C+Topographies%2C+Identities%3B+Explorations+in+Landscape+Phenomenology+3&rft.pages=322-323&rft.pub=Left+Coast+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781598743746&rft.aulast=Tilley&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Duk-1r0dtefgC%26q%3DLanacombe%2BExmoor%26pg%3DPA323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exmoorher.co.uk/hbsmr-web/handlers/HBSMRSingleRecord.ashx?MSO7116">"MSO7116 - Burial Cairn, North of Lanacombe I"</a>. <i>Exmoor National Park Historic Environment Record</i>. Exmoor National Park. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402102820/http://www.exmoorher.co.uk/hbsmr-web/handlers/HBSMRSingleRecord.ashx?MSO7116">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Exmoor+National+Park+Historic+Environment+Record&rft.atitle=MSO7116+-+Burial+Cairn%2C+North+of+Lanacombe+I&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exmoorher.co.uk%2Fhbsmr-web%2Fhandlers%2FHBSMRSingleRecord.ashx%3FMSO7116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exmoorher.co.uk/hbsmr-web/handlers/HBSMRSingleRecord.ashx?MSO6967">"MSO6967 - Cairn Associated with Lanacombe III Stone Setting"</a>. <i>Exmoor National Park Historic Environment Record</i>. Exmoor National Park. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220647/http://www.exmoorher.co.uk/hbsmr-web/handlers/HBSMRSingleRecord.ashx?MSO6967">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Exmoor+National+Park+Historic+Environment+Record&rft.atitle=MSO6967+-+Cairn+Associated+with+Lanacombe+III+Stone+Setting&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exmoorher.co.uk%2Fhbsmr-web%2Fhandlers%2FHBSMRSingleRecord.ashx%3FMSO6967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exmoorher.co.uk/hbsmr-web/handlers/HBSMRSingleRecord.ashx?MSO6969">"MSO6969 - Cairn Associated with Lanacombe I Stone Setting"</a>. <i>Exmoor National Park Historic Environment Record</i>. Exmoor National Park. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402143133/http://www.exmoorher.co.uk/hbsmr-web/handlers/HBSMRSingleRecord.ashx?MSO6969">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Exmoor+National+Park+Historic+Environment+Record&rft.atitle=MSO6969+-+Cairn+Associated+with+Lanacombe+I+Stone+Setting&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exmoorher.co.uk%2Fhbsmr-web%2Fhandlers%2FHBSMRSingleRecord.ashx%3FMSO6969&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen" class="citation web cs1">Green, Terry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndas.org.uk/page11.html">"The Parracombe Survey"</a>. North Devon Archaeological Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112617/http://www.ndas.org.uk/page11.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Parracombe+Survey&rft.pub=North+Devon+Archaeological+Society&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndas.org.uk%2Fpage11.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080106130035/http://www.ndas.org.uk/holwellcastel.htm">"Holwell Castle"</a>. <i>North Devon Archaeological Society</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndas.org.uk/holwellcastel.htm">the original</a> on 6 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=North+Devon+Archaeological+Society&rft.atitle=Holwell+Castle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndas.org.uk%2Fholwellcastel.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDE1056&resourceID=1022">"Holwell Castle Motte and Bailey, Parracombe"</a>. <i>Heritage Gateway</i>. Historic England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160214062742/http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDE1056&resourceID=1022">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heritage+Gateway&rft.atitle=Holwell+Castle+Motte+and+Bailey%2C+Parracombe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3DMDE1056%26resourceID%3D1022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore" class="citation web cs1">Moore, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johnhmoore.co.uk/hele/normans.htm">"Normans"</a>. John Moore. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304214408/http://www.johnhmoore.co.uk/hele/normans.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Normans&rft.pub=John+Moore&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johnhmoore.co.uk%2Fhele%2Fnormans.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150914162338/http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/573324/ExmoorNat_Parracombe-Low-res.pdf">"Parracombe Conservation Area: Appraisal Document"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Exmoor National Park. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/573324/ExmoorNat_Parracombe-Low-res.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parracombe+Conservation+Area%3A+Appraisal+Document&rft.pub=Exmoor+National+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0006%2F573324%2FExmoorNat_Parracombe-Low-res.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolding" class="citation web cs1">Golding, Brian. <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/30087">"Wrotham, William of (d. 1217/18"</a></span>. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wrotham%2C+William+of+%28d.+1217%2F18&rft.pub=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.aulast=Golding&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F30087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreswell1905" class="citation book cs1">Greswell, William Henry Parr (1905). <i>Forests and Deer arks of the County of Somerset</i>. Barnicott & Pearce. p. 71.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forests+and+Deer+arks+of+the+County+of+Somerset&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Barnicott+%26+Pearce&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Greswell&rft.aufirst=William+Henry+Parr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobbs1998" class="citation book cs1">Hobbs, Steven (1998). <i>The cartulary of Forde Abbey</i>. Somerset Record Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780901732330" title="Special:BookSources/9780901732330"><bdi>9780901732330</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+cartulary+of+Forde+Abbey&rft.pub=Somerset+Record+Society&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780901732330&rft.aulast=Hobbs&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">For an explanation of the Duke of York's tenure, inherited from the Mortimers, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/archibald-hamilton/the-red-deer-of-exmoor-with-notes-on-those-who-hunted-them-from-robert-dauber-ima/page-12-the-red-deer-of-exmoor-with-notes-on-those-who-hunted-them-from-robert-dauber-ima.shtml">Hamilton, Archibald. The Red Deer of Exmoor, 1906, Chapter 12, The Forest of Exmoor under the Plantagenets and Tudors</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140309172855/http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/archibald-hamilton/the-red-deer-of-exmoor-with-notes-on-those-who-hunted-them-from-robert-dauber-ima/page-12-the-red-deer-of-exmoor-with-notes-on-those-who-hunted-them-from-robert-dauber-ima.shtml">Archived</a> 9 March 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, pp.190–210</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cokayne, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Peerage" title="The Complete Peerage">The Complete Peerage</a></i>, Vol.V, p.508, quoting: "<a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">Patent Rolls</a> 1 Edward IV, part 1, membrane 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoosemore" class="citation web cs1">Loosemore, W. R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loosemore.co.uk/Chapter5/CHAPTER5text.htm">"Chapter 5 Loosemore of Bishops Nympton and Barnsataple"</a>. <i>Loosemore of Devon</i>. W. R. Loosemore. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905144246/http://www.loosemore.co.uk/Chapter5/CHAPTER5text.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Loosemore+of+Devon&rft.atitle=Chapter+5+Loosemore+of+Bishops+Nympton+and+Barnsataple&rft.aulast=Loosemore&rft.aufirst=W.+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loosemore.co.uk%2FChapter5%2FCHAPTER5text.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acland, Anne. A Devon Family: The Story of the Aclands. London and Chichester: Phillimore, 1981, p.18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exmoorher.co.uk/hbsmr-web/record.aspx?UID=MEM22088-Exmoor-Royal-Forest">"MEM22088 - Exmoor Royal Forest"</a>. <i>Exmoor Historic Environment Record</i>. Exmoor Nation Park. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094119/http://www.exmoorher.co.uk/hbsmr-web/record.aspx?UID=MEM22088-Exmoor-Royal-Forest">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Exmoor+Historic+Environment+Record&rft.atitle=MEM22088+-+Exmoor+Royal+Forest&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exmoorher.co.uk%2Fhbsmr-web%2Frecord.aspx%3FUID%3DMEM22088-Exmoor-Royal-Forest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Information leaflet in Simonsbath Church</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/SOM/Miscellaneous/">"Somerset Hundreds"</a>. GENUKI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119134349/http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/SOM/Miscellaneous/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Somerset+Hundreds&rft.pub=GENUKI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.genuki.org.uk%2Fbig%2Feng%2FSOM%2FMiscellaneous%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-havinden-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-havinden_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-havinden_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHavinden1982" class="citation book cs1">Havinden, Michael (1982). <i>The Somerset Landscape</i>. The making of the English landscape. London: Hodder and Stoughton. pp. 126–129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-340-20116-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-340-20116-9"><bdi>0-340-20116-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Somerset+Landscape&rft.place=London&rft.series=The+making+of+the+English+landscape&rft.pages=126-129&rft.pub=Hodder+and+Stoughton&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-340-20116-9&rft.aulast=Havinden&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1058031" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1058031?section=official-list-entry">"Simonsbath House Hotel (1058031)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Simonsbath+House+Hotel+%281058031%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1058031%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whatsonexmoor.co.uk/exmoor_simonsbath.htm">"Simonsbath"</a>. <i>Whatsonexmoor</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111216035108/http://www.whatsonexmoor.co.uk/exmoor_simonsbath.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Whatsonexmoor&rft.atitle=Simonsbath&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatsonexmoor.co.uk%2Fexmoor_simonsbath.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.somersetheritage.org.uk/record/33007">"Wheal Eliza mine, NE of Simonsbath, Exmoor"</a>. <i>Somerset Historic Environment Record</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161003105620/http://www.somersetheritage.org.uk/record/33007">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Everything Exmoor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714202012/http://www.everythingexmoor.org.uk/encyclopedia_detail.php?ENCid=409">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Good+and+bad+news+on+Exmoor%27s+birds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fdevon%2Foutdoors%2Fmoors%2Fexmoor_birds.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallanceGibbs2003" class="citation book cs1">Ballance, David; Gibbs, Brian D. (2003). <i>The Birds of Exmoor and the Quantocks</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.devon.gov.uk/index/transport/public_rights_of_way/where_to_walk_and_ride/two_moors_way.htm">the original</a> on 1 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Devon+County+Council&rft.atitle=Two+Moors+Way&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.devon.gov.uk%2Findex%2Ftransport%2Fpublic_rights_of_way%2Fwhere_to_walk_and_ride%2Ftwo_moors_way.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1057643" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1057643?section=official-list-entry">"Dunster Castle and gatehouse (1057643)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Dunster+Castle+and+gatehouse+%281057643%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1057643%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1057646" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1057646?section=official-list-entry">"Priory Church of St George (1057646)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Priory+Church+of+St+George+%281057646%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1057646%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1173428" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1173428?section=official-list-entry">"Yarn Market (1173428)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Yarn+Market+%281173428%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1173428%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1057611" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1057611?section=official-list-entry">"The Luttrell Arms Hotel (1057611)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=The+Luttrell+Arms+Hotel+%281057611%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1057611%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exmoorher.co.uk/hbsmr-web/record.aspx?UID=MSO6802-Wheal-Eliza-Mine">"MSO6802 - Wheal Eliza Mine"</a>. <i>Exmoor Historic Environment Record</i>. Exmoor National Park. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140325005413/http://www.exmoorher.co.uk/hbsmr-web/record.aspx?UID=MSO6802-Wheal-Eliza-Mine">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Exmoor+Historic+Environment+Record&rft.atitle=MSO6802+-+Wheal+Eliza+Mine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exmoorher.co.uk%2Fhbsmr-web%2Frecord.aspx%3FUID%3DMSO6802-Wheal-Eliza-Mine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171007115929/http://www.wheddoncross.org.uk/Snowdrop%20Leaflet%202017%20front.pdf">"Snowdrop Valley Wheddon Cross"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Wheddon Cross. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wheddoncross.org.uk/Snowdrop%20Leaflet%202017%20front.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 7 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Snowdrop+Valley+Wheddon+Cross&rft.pub=Wheddon+Cross&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wheddoncross.org.uk%2FSnowdrop%2520Leaflet%25202017%2520front.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2000" class="citation book cs1">Edwards, R.A. (2000). <i>Exmoor Geology: Exploring the Landscapes, Rocks and Mines of the National Park</i>. Exmoor Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86183-411-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86183-411-9"><bdi>0-86183-411-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exmoor+Geology%3A+Exploring+the+Landscapes%2C+Rocks+and+Mines+of+the+National+Park&rft.pub=Exmoor+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-86183-411-9&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=R.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerMilesHeal1984" class="citation book cs1">Miller, G.R.; Miles, J.; Heal, O.W. (1984). <i>Moorland management: a study of Exmoor</i>. Cambridge: Institute of Terrestrial Ecology.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moorland+management%3A+a+study+of+Exmoor.&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Institute+of+Terrestrial+Ecology&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=G.R.&rft.au=Miles%2C+J.&rft.au=Heal%2C+O.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRileyWilson-North2001" class="citation book cs1">Riley, Hazel; Wilson-North, Robert (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/eh_monographs_2014/contents.cfm?mono=1089029"><i>The Field Archaeology of Exmoor</i></a>. Swindon: English Heritage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873592-58-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873592-58-8"><bdi>978-1-873592-58-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Field+Archaeology+of+Exmoor&rft.place=Swindon&rft.pub=English+Heritage&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-873592-58-8&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=Hazel&rft.au=Wilson-North%2C+Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchaeologydataservice.ac.uk%2Farchives%2Fview%2Feh_monographs_2014%2Fcontents.cfm%3Fmono%3D1089029&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>MacDermot E.T. A History of the Forest of Exmoor, 1911</li> <li>Siraut, Mary. Exmoor: Making of an English Upland, 2009. (Author is Somerset editor for the Victoria County History series)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140309172855/http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/archibald-hamilton/the-red-deer-of-exmoor-with-notes-on-those-who-hunted-them-from-robert-dauber-ima/page-12-the-red-deer-of-exmoor-with-notes-on-those-who-hunted-them-from-robert-dauber-ima.shtml">Hamilton, Archibald. The Red Deer of Exmoor, 1906, Chapter 12, The Forest of Exmoor under the Plantagenets and Tudors</a>, pp. 190–210</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/learning/?a=122272">"Geography of Exmoor – Filex 4"</a>. <i>Exmoor National Park</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120405074027/http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/learning/?a=122272">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Exmoor+National+Park&rft.atitle=Geography+of+Exmoor+%E2%80%93+Filex+4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk%2Flearning%2F%3Fa%3D122272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/learning/?a=116440">"Geology of Exmoor – Filex 5"</a>. <i>Exmoor National Park</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120225131355/http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/learning/?a=116440">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Exmoor+National+Park&rft.atitle=Geology+of+Exmoor+%E2%80%93+Filex+5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk%2Flearning%2F%3Fa%3D116440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120905084719/http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/learning/?a=122100">"A history of Exmoor – Filex 6"</a>. <i>Exmoor National Park</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/learning/?a=122100">the original</a> on 5 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Exmoor+National+Park&rft.atitle=A+history+of+Exmoor+%E2%80%93+Filex+6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk%2Flearning%2F%3Fa%3D122100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/learning/?a=116679">"Wildlife on Exmoor – Filex 9"</a>. <i>Exmoor National Park</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120405074132/http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/learning/?a=116679">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Exmoor+National+Park&rft.atitle=Wildlife+on+Exmoor+%E2%80%93+Filex+9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk%2Flearning%2F%3Fa%3D116679&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExmoor" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exmoor&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Exmoor" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Exmoor">Exmoor</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e9/Exmoor.ogg/Exmoor.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spoken Wikipedia"><img alt="Spoken Wikipedia icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/68px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/90px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></span></span></div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/File:Exmoor.ogg" title="File:Exmoor.ogg">This audio file</a> was created from a revision of this article dated 21 July 2008<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2008-07-21</span>)</span>, and does not reflect subsequent edits.</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-footer">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Audio help</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">More spoken articles</a>)</div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060203043429/http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/">Exmoor National Park Authority</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120606223551/http://www.exmoorsociety.com/index.htm">The Exmoor Society</a> – a charity to protect and enhance the landscapes of Exmoor</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ceremonial_county_of_Devon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Devon" title="Template:Devon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Devon" title="Template talk:Devon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Devon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Devon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ceremonial_county_of_Devon" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></span> of <span class="fn org region"><a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><a href="/wiki/Portal:Devon" title="Portal:Devon">Devon Portal</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unitary authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbay" title="Torbay">Torbay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boroughs or districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Devon" title="East Devon">East Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid_Devon" title="Mid Devon">Mid Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Devon" title="North Devon">North Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Hams" title="South Hams">South Hams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teignbridge" title="Teignbridge">Teignbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torridge_District" title="Torridge District">Torridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Devon" title="West Devon">West Devon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements<br />(cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashburton,_Devon" title="Ashburton, Devon">Ashburton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axminster" title="Axminster">Axminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bampton,_Devon" title="Bampton, Devon">Bampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnstaple" title="Barnstaple">Barnstaple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bideford" title="Bideford">Bideford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bovey_Tracey" title="Bovey Tracey">Bovey Tracey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brixham" title="Brixham">Brixham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckfastleigh" title="Buckfastleigh">Buckfastleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budleigh_Salterton" title="Budleigh Salterton">Budleigh Salterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagford" title="Chagford">Chagford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chudleigh" title="Chudleigh">Chudleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chulmleigh" title="Chulmleigh">Chulmleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colyton,_Devon" title="Colyton, Devon">Colyton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crediton" title="Crediton">Crediton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cullompton" title="Cullompton">Cullompton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth,_Devon" title="Dartmouth, Devon">Dartmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawlish" title="Dawlish">Dawlish</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exmouth" title="Exmouth">Exmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Torrington" title="Great Torrington">Great Torrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatherleigh" title="Hatherleigh">Hatherleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holsworthy" title="Holsworthy">Holsworthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honiton" title="Honiton">Honiton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilfracombe" title="Ilfracombe">Ilfracombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivybridge" title="Ivybridge">Ivybridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsbridge" title="Kingsbridge">Kingsbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsteignton" title="Kingsteignton">Kingsteignton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynton" title="Lynton">Lynton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moretonhampstead" title="Moretonhampstead">Moretonhampstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_Abbot" title="Newton Abbot">Newton Abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Tawton" title="North Tawton">North Tawton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northam,_Devon" title="Northam, Devon">Northam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okehampton" title="Okehampton">Okehampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottery_St_Mary" title="Ottery St Mary">Ottery St Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paignton" title="Paignton">Paignton</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plympton" title="Plympton">Plympton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymstock" title="Plymstock">Plymstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salcombe" title="Salcombe">Salcombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaton,_Devon" title="Seaton, Devon">Seaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidmouth" title="Sidmouth">Sidmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Molton" title="South Molton">South Molton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavistock" title="Tavistock">Tavistock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teignmouth" title="Teignmouth">Teignmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiverton,_Devon" title="Tiverton, Devon">Tiverton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topsham,_Devon" title="Topsham, Devon">Topsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torquay" title="Torquay">Torquay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totnes" title="Totnes">Totnes</a><br /><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Devon" title="List of civil parishes in Devon">List of civil parishes in Devon</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Ashburn" title="River Ashburn">Ashburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Avon,_Devon" title="River Avon, Devon">Avon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Axe_(Lyme_Bay)" title="River Axe (Lyme Bay)">Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Barle" title="River Barle">Barle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Bovey" title="River Bovey">Bovey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Bray" title="River Bray">Bray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Burn,_Devon" title="River Burn, Devon">Burn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Clyst" title="River Clyst">Clyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Creedy" title="River Creedy">Creedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Culm" title="River Culm">Culm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Dart" title="River Dart">Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Dart_River" title="East Dart River">East Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Dart_River" title="West Dart River">West Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Erme" title="River Erme">Erme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Exe" title="River Exe">Exe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Heddon" title="River Heddon">Heddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Lemon" title="River Lemon">Lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Lew" title="River Lew">Lew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Lumburn" title="River Lumburn">Lumburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Lyd,_Devon" title="River Lyd, Devon">Lyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Lyn_River" title="East Lyn River">East Lyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Lyn_River" title="West Lyn River">West Lyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Meavy" title="River Meavy">Meavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Mole,_Devon" title="River Mole, Devon">Mole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Okement" title="River Okement">Okement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Okement_River" title="East Okement River">East Okement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Okement_River" title="West Okement River">West Okement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Otter,_Devon" title="River Otter, Devon">Otter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Plym" title="River Plym">Plym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Sid" title="River Sid">Sid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Swincombe" title="River Swincombe">Swincombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tamar" title="River Tamar">Tamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tavy" title="River Tavy">Tavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Taw" title="River Taw">Taw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Teign" title="River Teign">Teign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Thrushel" title="River Thrushel">Thrushel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Torridge" title="River Torridge">Torridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Walkham" title="River Walkham">Walkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Wallabrooke" title="River Wallabrooke">Wallabrooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Webburn_River" title="East Webburn River">East Webburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Webburn_River" title="West Webburn River">West Webburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Wolf" title="River Wolf">Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Yealm" title="River Yealm">Yealm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Devon" title="Flag of Devon">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_County_Council" title="Devon County Council">Devon County Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Devon" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Devon">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Devon" title="Economy of Devon">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Devon" title="List of places in Devon">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_cities_in_Devon_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of towns and cities in Devon by population">Towns by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Devon" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Devon">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_Devon" title="Category:Country houses in Devon">Country houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Devon" title="Grade I listed buildings in Devon">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Devon" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Devon">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_Devon" title="Scheduled monuments in Devon">Scheduled monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bridges_in_Devon" title="Category:Bridges in Devon">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Devon" title="History of Devon">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Devon" title="List of schools in Devon">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Devon" title="List of museums in Devon">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Devon" title="Lord Lieutenant of Devon">Lord Lieutenants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Devon" title="High Sheriff of Devon">High Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Devon" title="List of people from Devon">Notable people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmoor" title="Dartmoor">Dartmoor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Exmoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Devon_AONB" class="mw-redirect" title="South Devon AONB">South Devon AONB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamar_Valley_AONB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamar Valley AONB">Tamar Valley AONB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Coast" title="Jurassic Coast">Jurassic Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Coast_Path" title="South West Coast Path">South West Coast Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Moors_Way" title="Two Moors Way">Two Moors Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Devon%27s_Biosphere_Reserve" title="North Devon's Biosphere Reserve">North Devon's Biosphere Reserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_parks_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#DCF2CF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_parks_in_the_UK" title="Template:National parks in the UK"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_parks_in_the_UK" title="Template talk:National parks in the UK"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_parks_in_the_UK" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National parks in the UK"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_parks_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="National parks of the United Kingdom">National parks of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EBF7E3;"><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="National parks of England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peak_District" title="Peak District">Peak District</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District">Lake District</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmoor" title="Dartmoor">Dartmoor</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_York_Moors" title="North York Moors">North York Moors</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Dales_National_Park" title="Yorkshire Dales National Park">Yorkshire Dales</a> (1954)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Exmoor</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_National_Park" title="Northumberland National Park">Northumberland</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Broads" title="The Broads">The Broads</a>‡ (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Forest" title="New Forest">New Forest</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Downs_National_Park" title="South Downs National Park">South Downs</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Pennines_Regional_Park" title="South Pennines Regional Park">South Pennines Regional Park</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EBF7E3;"><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="National parks of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mourne_Mountains" title="Mourne Mountains">Mourne Mountains</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EBF7E3;"><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Scotland" title="National parks of Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Lomond_and_The_Trossachs_National_Park" title="Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park">Loch Lomond and The Trossachs</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairngorms_National_Park" title="Cairngorms National Park">Cairngorms</a> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EBF7E3;"><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Wales" title="National parks of Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snowdonia" title="Snowdonia">Snowdonia</a> (Eryri; 1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembrokeshire_Coast_National_Park" title="Pembrokeshire Coast National Park">Pembrokeshire Coast</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brecon_Beacons_National_Park" title="Brecon Beacons National Park">Brecon Beacons</a> (Bannau Brycheiniog; 1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Wales_National_Park" title="North East Wales National Park">North East Wales</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EBF7E3;"><div><i>Parentheses denote year of establishment as a National Park. An area with <b>‡</b> has similar status to a UK National Park. Areas marked <b>†</b> are proposed.</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rivers_of_Exmoor,_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rivers_of_Exmoor" title="Template:Rivers of Exmoor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rivers_of_Exmoor" title="Template talk:Rivers of Exmoor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rivers_of_Exmoor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rivers of Exmoor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rivers_of_Exmoor,_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Rivers of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Exmoor</a>, England</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Aller" title="River Aller">Aller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Avill" title="River Avill">Avill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Barle" title="River Barle">Barle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Bray" title="River Bray">Bray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Lyn_River" title="East Lyn River">East Lyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Exe" title="River Exe">Exe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoar_Oak_Water" title="Hoar Oak Water">Hoar Oak Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Haddeo" title="River Haddeo">Haddeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Horner" title="River Horner">Horner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Heddon" title="River Heddon">Heddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Lyn_River" title="West Lyn River">West Lyn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Somerset&#124;link=Somerset_Ceremonial_county_of_Somerset" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Somerset" title="Template:Somerset"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Somerset" title="Template talk:Somerset"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Somerset" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Somerset"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Somerset&#124;link=Somerset_Ceremonial_county_of_Somerset" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset"><img alt="Somerset" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Somerset_Flag.svg/23px-Somerset_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Somerset_Flag.svg/35px-Somerset_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Somerset_Flag.svg/46px-Somerset_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></span> <span class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></span> of <span class="fn org region"><a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><a href="/wiki/Portal:Somerset" title="Portal:Somerset">Somerset Portal</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unitary authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath_and_North_East_Somerset" title="Bath and North East Somerset">Bath and North East Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Somerset" title="North Somerset">North Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Council" title="Somerset Council">Somerset Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements<br />(cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axbridge" title="Axbridge">Axbridge</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgwater" title="Bridgwater">Bridgwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruton" title="Bruton">Bruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnham-on-Sea" title="Burnham-on-Sea">Burnham-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Cary" title="Castle Cary">Castle Cary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chard,_Somerset" title="Chard, Somerset">Chard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clevedon" title="Clevedon">Clevedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crewkerne" title="Crewkerne">Crewkerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulverton" title="Dulverton">Dulverton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frome" title="Frome">Frome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glastonbury" title="Glastonbury">Glastonbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highbridge,_Somerset" title="Highbridge, Somerset">Highbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilminster" title="Ilminster">Ilminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynsham" title="Keynsham">Keynsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langport" title="Langport">Langport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midsomer_Norton" title="Midsomer Norton">Midsomer Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minehead" title="Minehead">Minehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nailsea" title="Nailsea">Nailsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Petherton" title="North Petherton">North Petherton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portishead,_Somerset" title="Portishead, Somerset">Portishead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radstock" title="Radstock">Radstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepton_Mallet" title="Shepton Mallet">Shepton Mallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerton,_Somerset" title="Somerton, Somerset">Somerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street,_Somerset" title="Street, Somerset">Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taunton" title="Taunton">Taunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchet" title="Watchet">Watchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington,_Somerset" title="Wellington, Somerset">Wellington</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wells,_Somerset" title="Wells, Somerset">Wells</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weston-super-Mare" title="Weston-super-Mare">Weston-super-Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wincanton" title="Wincanton">Wincanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiveliscombe" title="Wiveliscombe">Wiveliscombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeovil" title="Yeovil">Yeovil</a><br /><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Somerset" title="List of civil parishes in Somerset">List of civil parishes in Somerset</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Alham" title="River Alham">Alham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Aller" title="River Aller">Aller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Avill" title="River Avill">Avill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Avon,_Bristol" title="River Avon, Bristol">Avon</a></li> <li>Axe rivers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Axe_(Bristol_Channel)" title="River Axe (Bristol Channel)">Bristol Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Axe_(Lyme_Bay)" title="River Axe (Lyme Bay)">Lyme Bay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badgworthy_Water" title="Badgworthy Water">Badgworthy Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Banwell" title="River Banwell">Banwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Barle" title="River Barle">Barle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Brue" title="River Brue">Brue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cam_Brook" title="Cam Brook">Cam Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Cary" title="River Cary">Cary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Chew" title="River Chew">Chew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Lyn_River" title="East Lyn River">East Lyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Exe" title="River Exe">Exe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fivehead_River" title="Fivehead River">Fivehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Frome,_Somerset" title="River Frome, Somerset">Frome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Haddeo" title="River Haddeo">Haddeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoar_Oak_Water" title="Hoar Oak Water">Hoar Oak Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Holford" title="River Holford">Holford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Horner" title="River Horner">Horner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Huntspill" title="River Huntspill">Huntspill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Isle" title="River Isle">Isle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Yeo" title="Land Yeo">Land Yeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mells_River" title="Mells River">Mells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midford_Brook" title="Midford Brook">Midford Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oare_Water" title="Oare Water">Oare Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Parrett" title="River Parrett">Parret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severn_Estuary" title="Severn Estuary">Severn Estuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Sheppey" title="River Sheppey">Sheppey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Somer" title="River Somer">Somer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sowy_River" title="Sowy River">Sowy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tone" title="River Tone">Tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washford_River" title="Washford River">Washford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellow_Brook" title="Wellow Brook">Wellow Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Lyn_River" title="West Lyn River">West Lyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitelake_River" title="Whitelake River">Whitelake</a></li> <li>Yeo rivers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congresbury_Yeo" title="Congresbury Yeo">Congresbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Yeo_(South_Somerset)" title="River Yeo (South Somerset)">South Somerset</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_Somerset" title="Category:Country houses in Somerset">Country houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_County_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Somerset County Council">County Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Somerset" title="Culture of Somerset">Culture of Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Somerset" title="Economy of Somerset">Economy of Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Somerset" title="Flag of Somerset">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Somerset" title="Geography of Somerset">Geography of Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Somerset" title="Geology of Somerset">Geology of Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Somerset" title="Grade I listed buildings in Somerset">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Somerset" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Somerset">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Somerset" title="High Sheriff of Somerset">High Sheriff of Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Somerset" title="History of Somerset">History of Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_local_nature_reserves_in_Somerset" title="List of local nature reserves in Somerset">Local nature reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Somerset" title="Lord Lieutenant of Somerset">Lord Lieutenant of Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Somerset" title="List of museums in Somerset">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_nature_reserves_in_Somerset" title="List of national nature reserves in Somerset">National nature reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Somerset" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Somerset">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Somerset" title="List of places in Somerset">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_Somerset_by_population" title="List of settlements in Somerset by population">Population of major settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_Somerset" title="Scheduled monuments in Somerset">Scheduled monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Somerset" title="List of schools in Somerset">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Somerset" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Somerset">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Somerset" title="Transport in Somerset">Transport in Somerset</a><br />Geographic areas: <a href="/wiki/Blackdown_Hills" title="Blackdown Hills">Blackdown Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendon_Hills" title="Brendon Hills">Brendon Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chew_Valley" title="Chew Valley">Chew Valley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Exmoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendip_Hills" title="Mendip Hills">Mendip Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polden_Hills" title="Polden Hills">Polden Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantock_Hills" title="Quantock Hills">Quantock Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Levels" title="Somerset Levels">Somerset Levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Coast_Path" title="South West Coast Path">South West Coast Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Somerset_Coast_Path" title="West Somerset Coast Path">West Somerset Coast Path</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Exmoor&params=51_06_N_3_36_W_region:GB_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°06′N</span> <span class="longitude">3°36′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.100°N 3.600°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.100; -3.600</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593627#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593627#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593627#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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