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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nettomaterialprodukt" title="Nettomaterialprodukt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nettomaterialprodukt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produit_mat%C3%A9riel_net" title="Produit matériel net – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Produit matériel net" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prodotto_materiale_netto" title="Prodotto materiale netto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Prodotto materiale netto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Economic_systems" title="Category:Economic systems">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Soviet-type_planning" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet-type planning">Soviet economics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Labor_and_Defense" title="Council of Labor and Defense">STO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosplan" title="Gosplan">Gosplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gossnab" title="Gossnab">Gossnab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosbank" class="mw-redirect" title="Gosbank">Gosbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_National_Economy" title="Supreme Soviet of the National Economy">Supreme Soviet of the National Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Ministries of the Soviet Union">Economic ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprises_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Enterprises in the Soviet Union">Enterprises</a></li> <li>Business group types <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combine_(enterprise)" title="Combine (enterprise)">Combine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_association" title="Production association">Production association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_production_association" title="Scientific production association">Scientific production association</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)">Planning methods</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Material_balances" class="mw-redirect" title="Material balances">Material balances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_optimization" class="mw-redirect" title="Linear optimization">Linear optimization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-year_plans_for_the_national_economy_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Five-year plans for the national economy of the Soviet Union">Five-year 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href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Soviet-type_economics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Soviet-type economics (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Soviet-type_economics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Soviet-type economics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NMP_(Net_material_Product)_per_capita_-_USSR_1990.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/NMP_%28Net_material_Product%29_per_capita_-_USSR_1990.png/220px-NMP_%28Net_material_Product%29_per_capita_-_USSR_1990.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/NMP_%28Net_material_Product%29_per_capita_-_USSR_1990.png/330px-NMP_%28Net_material_Product%29_per_capita_-_USSR_1990.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/NMP_%28Net_material_Product%29_per_capita_-_USSR_1990.png/440px-NMP_%28Net_material_Product%29_per_capita_-_USSR_1990.png 2x" data-file-width="10527" data-file-height="6651" /></a><figcaption>NMP (Net material Product) per capita - USSR 1990.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Net Material Product</b> (<b>NMP</b>) was the main <a href="/wiki/Macroeconomic" class="mw-redirect" title="Macroeconomic">macroeconomic</a> indicator used for monitoring <a href="/wiki/Economic_growth" title="Economic growth">growth</a> in <a href="/wiki/National_accounts" title="National accounts">national accounts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist countries">socialist countries</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet">Soviet</a> era. These countries included the USSR and all the <a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a> members. NMP is the conceptual equivalent of <a href="/wiki/Gross_Domestic_Product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross Domestic Product">Gross Domestic Product</a> (GDP) in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System_of_National_Accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations System of National Accounts">United Nations System of National Accounts</a>, although numerically the two measures are calculated differently. </p><p>NMP is calculated for the <a href="/wiki/Material_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Material product">material production</a> sectors only, and excludes most of the service sectors, which are part of GDP. The material production sectors include manufacturing industries, agriculture and forestry, construction, wholesale and retail trade, supply of material inputs, road maintenance, freight transport (but not passenger transport), communication and information services supporting material production, and other material production activities. It is calculated by subtracting the value of all production costs (including the cost of material inputs, depreciation, and labor in production) from the value of output produced in the material production sectors. </p><p>For comparison with GDP, it is necessary to add back to NMP the value of fixed asset depreciation (which is not subtracted in GDP calculations) and the total value of all services classified as "non-productive" in the socialist system of national accounts (which are part of GDP). These "non-productive" services include health care, education, housing, public utilities, consumer services, communication in the non-productive sector, passenger transport, financial services (banking, credit, insurance), government services, the defense establishment, and social organizations. The tax components subtracted in the calculation of GDP should also be added back to obtain NMP. </p><p>The economic term that corresponds to Net Material Product in <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> is Национальный доход (literally: national income). None of the accepted meanings of <a href="/wiki/National_income" class="mw-redirect" title="National income">national income</a> in English matches the meaning in Russian, and Net Material Product was introduced into English usage as the best alternative. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="GDP_and_NMP_for_USSR_1980–1990"><span id="GDP_and_NMP_for_USSR_1980.E2.80.931990"></span>GDP and NMP for USSR 1980–1990</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Net_material_product&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: GDP and NMP for USSR 1980–1990"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GDP began to be calculated in the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> in 1988, based essentially on the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System_of_National_Accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations System of National Accounts">United Nations System of National Accounts</a>. The table compares the new GDP estimates with the traditional NMP numbers (in billions of current rubles). GDP is seen to be 25%–30% higher than NMP due to depreciation and the "non-productive" service sectors included in GDP but not in NMP. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Indicator</th> <th>1980</th> <th>1985</th> <th>1990 </th></tr> <tr> <td>GDP</td> <td>619</td> <td>777</td> <td>1000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>NMP</td> <td>462.2</td> <td>578.5</td> <td>700.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>NMP in % of GDP</td> <td>75</td> <td>74</td> <td>70 </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd>Source: <i>Narodnoye khoziaystvo SSSR 1990</i>, statistical yearbook of the USSR, p. 5.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="NMP_growth_for_Comecon_countries">NMP growth for Comecon countries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Net_material_product&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: NMP growth for Comecon countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Change in NMP (in constant prices) 1980–1990 (in percent of 1980) </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Indicator</th> <th><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria" title="People's Republic of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Socialist_Republic" title="Czechoslovak Socialist Republic">Czecho-<br />Slovakia</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East<br />Germany</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_People%27s_Republic" title="Hungarian People's Republic">Hungary</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic">Mongolia</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Romania</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>NMP in 1990<br />(1980=100)</td> <td>141</td> <td>143</td> <td>117</td> <td>139</td> <td>112</td> <td>156</td> <td>108</td> <td>144</td> <td>153</td> <td>127 </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd>Source: <i>Statistical Yearbook of Comecon Countries 1989</i>, Table 21, p. 59.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Net_material_product&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Material_Product_System" title="Material Product System">Material Product System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productive_and_unproductive_labour" title="Productive and unproductive labour">Productive and unproductive labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_product" title="Value product">Value product</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Net_material_product&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKhomenko2006" class="citation journal cs1">Khomenko, Tatiana (July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hermes-ir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp/rs/bitstream/10086/13573/1/D06-172.pdf">"Estimation of Gross Social Product and Net Material Product in the USSR"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Hi-Stat Discussion Paper Series No.172</i>. Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hi-Stat+Discussion+Paper+Series+No.172&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+Gross+Social+Product+and+Net+Material+Product+in+the+USSR&rft.date=2006-07&rft.aulast=Khomenko&rft.aufirst=Tatiana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhermes-ir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp%2Frs%2Fbitstream%2F10086%2F13573%2F1%2FD06-172.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANet+material+product" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>GDP (Валовой внутренний продукт) in <i>Finansovo-Kreditnyi Slovar</i>, Finansy i Statistika, Moscow (1984), vol. I, p. 185 <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span>.</li> <li><i>Narodnoye khoziaystvo SSSR 1990</i>, statistical yearbook of the USSR, State Committee of Statistics, Finansy i Statistika Publ. House, Moscow (1990), definition of национальный доход (NMP) on p. 687; definition of валовой национальный продукт (GDP) on p. 684 <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span>.</li> <li><i>Statistical Yearbook of Comecon Countries 1989</i>, Comecon Secretariat, Finansy i Statistsika Publ. House, Moscow (1989), definition of произведенный национальный доход (NMP) on p. 449 <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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