진세노사이드

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="ko" data-agent="Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506; .NET CLR 3.5.21022; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)"> <head> <link rel="canonical" href="https://terms.naver.com/"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="upgrade-insecure-requests"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="requiresActiveX=true;IE=edge"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?cid=62861&docId=5781947&categoryId=62861"> <meta property="og:title" content="진세노사이드"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://ssl.pstatic.net/static/terms/common/img/og.png"> <meta property="og:description" content="진세노사이드는 인삼속(Panax)에 특이적으로 존재하는 스테로이드 사포닌(steroid saponin)과 트리테르펜 사포닌(triterpene saponin)을 통칭한다. 인삼은 오래전부터 약용식물로 사용되어 왔으며, 진세노사이드는 인삼의 약리 효과를 나타내는 주요 활성성분으로 알려져 있다. [목차] 1.진세노사이드의 종류 2.진세노사이드 생합성 3.진세노사이드의 생물학적 효과 및 효능 4.참고문헌 [ 진세노사이드의 종류 ] 진세노사이드 종류 (출처:한국식물학회) 진세노사이드는 탄소골격(carbon skeleton)에 기초하여 4개의 링이 있는 다마렌 계통(dammarane family)과 5개의 링이 있는 올레넨 계통(oleanane family)으로 구분되며 다마렌 계통은 또한 2개의 주요 그룹인 프로토파낙사디올(protopanaxadiols)과 프로토파낙사트리올(protopanaxatriols) 및 1개의 작은 그룹인 오코티롤(ocotillol type)로 구분된다."> <meta property="og:article:author" content="네이버 지식백과" /> <meta property="og:article:author:url" content="https://m.terms.naver.com" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1110" />  <title>진세노사이드</title> <meta name="Description" CONTENT="어린이/학생백과, 동물/식물, 건강, 역사, 자연과학, 인문과학, 미술작품, 비주얼사전 등 전문가들이 정리한 지식을 제공하는 종합백과서비스" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://api.naf.naver.com/2.0/css/pc/naml.css?v=250218060016"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://ssl.pstatic.net/static/terms/terms/css/terms_tlist.css?250218060016"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" 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class="btn_share naver-splugin" data-style="unity-v2" data-url="https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?cid=62861&docId=5781947&categoryId=62861" data-title="진세노사이드" data-me-display="off" data-blog-source-form="2" data-cafe-source-form="2" title="보내기" onclick="nclk(this, 'toa.share', '', '', 1);">공유</a></li> <li><a href="/print.naver?docId=5781947&categoryId=62861" class="btn_print" role="button" target="_blank" onclick="nclk(this, 'toa.toppri', '', '', 1); window.open(this.href, '', 'width=788, height=600, toolbar=0, menubar=no, resizable=no, scrollbars=yes'); return false;">인쇄</a></li> </ul> <div class="font_area" id="btn_fs"> <a href="javascript:;" role="button" class="btn font" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="listbox" id="font_set">글꼴</a> <div class="ly_font_list" id="fontset_area" role="listbox"> <a href="javascript:;" data-class="font1" role="option">나눔고딕</a> <a href="javascript:;" data-class="font2" role="option">맑은고딕</a> <a href="javascript:;" data-class="font3" role="option">돋움체</a> </div> <a href="javascript:;" role="button" class="btn sm __fontBtn">가<span class="blind">- 글꼴 작게</span></a> <a href="javascript:;" role="button" class="btn big __fontBtn">가<span class="blind">+ 글꼴 크게</span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section_wrap "> <div class="headword_title"> <p class="cite"> <a href="list.naver?categoryId=62861" onclick="clickcr(this, 'toa.source', '', '', event);">식물학백과</a> </p> <h2 class="headword">진세노사이드</h2> <p class="desc"></p> <p class="word"> [ <span class="word_txt">ginsenoside</span> ] </p> </div> <div id="size_ct" class="size_ct_v2"> <div class="naml_area"><div id="naml_contents" class="na_doc"><div id="naml_contents_container" class="na_doc_container"><p class="t_txt">진세노사이드는 인삼속(<i>Panax</i>)에 특이적으로 존재하는 스테로이드 <a href="/entry.naver?docId=5782110&ref=y" onclick="clickcr(this, 'bdk.creference', '', '', event);">사포닌</a>(steroid saponin)과 트리테르펜 <a href="/entry.naver?docId=5782110&ref=y" onclick="clickcr(this, 'bdk.creference', '', '', event);">사포닌</a>(triterpene saponin)을 통칭한다. 인삼은 오래전부터 <a href="/entry.naver?docId=5782017&ref=y" onclick="clickcr(this, 'bdk.creference', '', '', event);">약용식물</a>로 사용되어 왔으며, 진세노사이드는 인삼의 약리 효과를 나타내는 주요 활성성분으로 알려져 있다.</p><h3 class="na_list_tit">목차</h3><div class="na_list_chapter"><ol><li><a href="#toc1"><span class="list_desc">1.</span>진세노사이드의 종류</a></li><li><a href="#toc2"><span class="list_desc">2.</span>진세노사이드 생합성</a></li><li><a href="#toc3"><span class="list_desc">3.</span>진세노사이드의 생물학적 효과 및 효능</a></li><li><a href="#toc4"><span class="list_desc">4.</span>참고문헌</a></li></ol></div><a name="toc1" style="visibility:hidden;"></a><span></span> <div class="t_lv_tit"> <h4> 진세노사이드의 종류 </h4> </div> <p class="t_txt"></p><div class="t_ptype" style="clear:both; width:540px; "> <div class="edtitor_img_uio"> <span class="img_wrap2"> <img src="https://dbscthumb-phinf.pstatic.net/5485_000_1/20240223191354469_UFGT1JJII.jpg/%25EC%25A7%2584%25.jpg?type=w540_fst_n" alt=""> </span> <p class="cap" style="width:514px;"> 진세노사이드 종류 (출처:한국식물학회) </p> </div> </div><p class="t_txt"></p><p class="t_txt">진세노사이드는 탄소골격(carbon skeleton)에 기초하여 4개의 링이 있는 다마렌 계통(dammarane family)과 5개의 링이 있는 올레넨 계통(oleanane family)으로 구분되며 다마렌 계통은 또한 2개의 주요 그룹인 프로토파낙사디올(protopanaxadiols)과 프로토파낙사트리올(protopanaxatriols) 및 1개의 작은 그룹인 오코티롤(ocotillol type)로 구분된다.<a href="#" onclick="openFootnoteLayer('1','pc');return false;"><sup class="na_cmt_no" id="footnote1">1)</sup></a><a href="#" onclick="openFootnoteLayer('2','pc');return false;"><sup class="na_cmt_no" id="footnote2">2)</sup></a></p><p class="t_txt">∙ 다마렌 계통 : 프로토파낙사디올(예: Ginsenoside-Rb1, Rb2, Rg3, Rh2, Rh3 등), 프로토파낙사트리올 (예: Ginsenoside-Rg1, Rg2, Rh1, Rf, Re 등), 오코티롤(예: 베트남 인삼의 makonoside-Rs, Pseudoginsenoside F11 등)</p><p class="t_txt">∙ 올레넨 계통 : 올레넨(예: Ginsenoside-Ro 등)</p><a name="toc2" style="visibility:hidden;"></a><span></span> <div class="t_lv_tit"> <h4> 진세노사이드 생합성 </h4> </div> <p class="t_txt"></p><div class="t_ptype" style="clear:both; width:540px; "> <div class="edtitor_img_uio"> <span class="img_wrap2"> <img src="https://dbscthumb-phinf.pstatic.net/5485_000_1/20240223191353407_891VZDJDS.jpg/ginsenoside_bios.jpg?type=w540_fst_n" alt=""> </span> <p class="cap" style="width:514px;"> 진세노사이드 생합성 예상 경로 (출처:이상호) </p> </div> </div><p class="t_txt"></p><p class="t_txt">지금까지 제안된 진세노사이드의 생합성 경로는 다음과 같다. 우선 메발론산 경로(mevalonate pathway; isoprenoid pathway; HMG-CoA reductase pathway)를 통하여 2 분자의 아세틸-CoA(acetyl-CoA)가 반응하여 아세토아세틸(acetoacetyl-CoA)이 합성되고 이후 HMG-CoA synthase 활성을 통해 HMG-CoA(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-alutaryl-CoA)로 전환되면, 다시 환원 과정을 거쳐 메발론산(mevalonate)이 생성된다. 이후 메발론산이 IPP(isopentenyl diphosphate)와 DMAPP(dimethyl diphosphate)로 전환되고, 이들로부터 FPP(farnesyl disphophate)가 합성된 후, 2개의 FPP로부터 스쿠알렌(squalene)이 생합성된다. 스쿠알렌은 스쿠알렌 에폭시다아제(squalene epoxidase) 활성에 의해 2,3-산화스쿠알렌(2,3-oxidosqualene)으로 전환되어 진세노사이드 합성에 이용되는 것으로 생각된다. 다마레네디올 합성효소(dammarenediol synthase)의 활성을 통해 2,3-산화스쿠알렌으로부터 다마레네디올(dammarenediol)이 합성되고 이로부터 프로토파낙사디올(protopanaxadiol)과 프로토파낙사트리올(protopanaxatriol)이 차례로 합성되어 각각 프로토파낙사디올 계통의 진세노사이드(protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides; PPD-type ginsenosides)와 프로토파낙사트리올 계통의 진세노사이드(protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides; PPT-type ginsenosides)가 합성된다. 또한 2,3-산화스쿠알렌이 베타-아미린 합성효소(β-amyrin synthase) 활성에 의해 베타-아미린(β-amyrin)으로 전환되면 올레넨(oleananes) 계통의 진세노사이드 합성이 진행되는 것으로 생각되고 있다.<a href="#" onclick="openFootnoteLayer('3','pc');return false;"><sup class="na_cmt_no" id="footnote3">3)</sup></a><a href="#" onclick="openFootnoteLayer('4','pc');return false;"><sup class="na_cmt_no" id="footnote4">4)</sup></a></p><a name="toc3" style="visibility:hidden;"></a><span></span> <div class="t_lv_tit"> <h4> 진세노사이드의 생물학적 효과 및 효능 </h4> </div> <p class="t_txt">진세노사이드는 오랫동안 <a href="/entry.naver?docId=5782017&ref=y" onclick="clickcr(this, 'bdk.creference', '', '', event);">약용식물</a>로 활용되어 온 인삼의 약용 성분으로서 주로 동물 모델에서 중추신경계, 내분비계, 면역계, 대사계 등의 생리 기능 조절에 대한 약용 효과를 중심으로 연구가 집중적으로 진행되어 왔다. 여러 연구 결과를 통해 진세노사이드는 <a href="/entry.naver?docId=5782032&ref=y" onclick="clickcr(this, 'bdk.creference', '', '', event);">항산화</a>(antioxidant) 활성을 촉진하는 것으로 보고되고 있는데, 여러 종류의 진세노사이드가 체내 <a href="/entry.naver?docId=5782032&ref=y" onclick="clickcr(this, 'bdk.creference', '', '', event);">항산화</a>효소의 활성을 촉진시키고 자유 라디칼 제거제(free-radical scavenger)로서 활성을 가지고 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 진세노사이드 Rg3와 Rh2는 다양한 암세포의 세포 생장을 억제하는 효과를 가지는 한편 신경을 보호하는 약리 효과를 가지고 있어 알츠하이머병과 파킨슨병과 같은 신경계 퇴행성 질환을 치료하는데 쓰일 수 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다.<a href="#" onclick="openFootnoteLayer('5','pc');return false;"><sup class="na_cmt_no" id="footnote5">1)</sup></a><a href="#" onclick="openFootnoteLayer('6','pc');return false;"><sup class="na_cmt_no" id="footnote6">2)</sup></a></p><p class="t_txt">진세노사이드의 작용 메커니즘과 관련하여 우선 스테로이드 호르몬과 유사하게 양친매성 분자로서 세포막과 상호작용하여 세포막의 특성을 변화시키는 효능을 가질 수 있다는 연구 결과들이 제시되고 있으며, 한편 일부 진세노사이드의 경우 스테로이드 호르몬 수용체의 부분적인 수용체 작용제(partial agonists) 활성을 가지고 있는 것으로 보고된 바 있다. 하지만 아직까지 진세노사이드의 구체적인 작용메커니즘과 약리 효과의 상관관계는 제대로 밝혀지지 않은 상태이다.</p><p class="t_txt">다음은 염증 반응 등과 관련된 진세노사이드의 종류별 약리 효과를 정리한 내용이다.<a href="#" onclick="openFootnoteLayer('7','pc');return false;"><sup class="na_cmt_no" id="footnote7">1)</sup></a></p><div class="t_lst"> <ul> <li>진세노사이드-Rb1 : 인삼(P. ginseng)의 주 구성성분으로서 TNF-α 생성을 억제하여 항염효과를 가지는 것으로 보고됨.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="t_lst"> <ul> <li>진세노사이드-Rb2 : TNF-α 생산을 억제하고 신경보호 효과를 가지는 것으로 보고됨.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="t_lst"> <ul> <li>진세노사이드-Rd : 신경보호 효과를 나타냄. 수산화 라디칼(hydroxyl radicals) 형성 감소 및 지방 과산화 감소.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="t_lst"> <ul> <li>진세노사이드-Re : 항염증 효과를 나타냄.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="t_lst"> <ul> <li>진세노사이드-Rg1 : 소염제 활성(microglial activation)을 조절하여 신경퇴행성 질환에 효능이 있는 것으로 보고됨.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="t_lst"> <ul> <li>진세노사이드-Rg3 : 염증성 신경독성(inflammatory nerotoxicity)와 소염제 활성(microglial activation)을 억제함으로써 신경퇴행성 증상을 억제하는 효과를 나타내는 것으로 보고됨.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="t_lst"> <ul> <li>진세노사이드-Rg5 : 찐 인삼(steamed ginseng)의 주 구성성분으로서 폐염증과 관련성이 연구됨. 신경염증 반응에서의 억제 효과와 피부 조직에서의 염증반응에 대한 효능도 보고됨.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="t_lst"> <ul> <li>진세노사이드-Rh1 : iNOS 발현을 억제함으로써 항염증 효과를 나타냄.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="t_lst"> <ul> <li>진세노사이드-Rh2 : 중추신경계의 신경아교세포(glial cells)에서 항염증 효과를 나타냄.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="t_lst"> <ul> <li>진세노사이드-Rp1 : 항염증 효과를 나타냄.</li> </ul> </div> <a name="toc4" style="visibility:hidden;"></a><span></span> <div class="t_lv_tit"> <h4> 참고문헌 </h4> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> if (!window.NAML_MODULE_LIST) { window.NAML_MODULE_LIST = []; } window.NAML_MODULE_LIST.push({id: "math", type: "math", data: {}}); </script> <script type='text/x-mathjax-config'> MathJax.Ajax.config.path["mhchem"] = "https://ssl.pstatic.net/static/ncc/math/mhchem-3.3.0"; MathJax.Hub.Config({ showMathMenu: false, showMathMenuMSIE: false, showProcessingMessages: false, menuSettings: { zoom: "None" }, "HTML-CSS": { availableFonts: [], webFont: null, imageFont: "TeX" }, TeX: { Macros: { /* Wikipedia compatibility: these macros are used on Wikipedia */ empty: '\\emptyset', P: 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["script","noscript","style","textarea","code"] } }); </script> <div class="na_ly_cmt" id="footnoteLayer1" style="display:none"><dl><dd>Kim JH, Yi YS, Kim MY 등 (2017) Role of ginsenosides, the main active components of Panax ginseng, in inflammatory responses and diseases. J Ginseng Res, 41: 435-443</dd></dl><a class="btn_cls" href="#" onclick="closeFootnoteLayer('1');return false;"><span>주석 레이어창 닫기</span></a></div><div class="na_ly_cmt" id="footnoteLayer2" style="display:none"><dl><dd>Lü J-M, Yao Q, Chen C (2009) Ginseng Compounds: An Update on Their Molecular Mechanisms and Medical Applications. Curr Vasc Pharmacol, 7: 293–302</dd></dl><a class="btn_cls" href="#" onclick="closeFootnoteLayer('2');return false;"><span>주석 레이어창 닫기</span></a></div><div class="na_ly_cmt" id="footnoteLayer3" style="display:none"><dl><dd>Kim YJ, Zhang D, Yang DC (2015) Biosynthesis and biotechnological production of ginsenosides. Biotechnol Adv, 33: 717–735</dd></dl><a class="btn_cls" href="#" onclick="closeFootnoteLayer('3');return false;"><span>주석 레이어창 닫기</span></a></div><div class="na_ly_cmt" id="footnoteLayer4" style="display:none"><dl><dd>Rahimi S, Kim YJ, Sukweenadhi J 등 (2016) PgLOX6 encoding a lipoxygenase contributes to jasmonic acid biosynthesis and ginsenoside production in Panax ginseng. J Exp Bot, 67: 6007-6019</dd></dl><a class="btn_cls" href="#" onclick="closeFootnoteLayer('4');return false;"><span>주석 레이어창 닫기</span></a></div><div class="na_ly_cmt" id="footnoteLayer5" style="display:none"><dl><dd>Kim JH, Yi YS, Kim MY 등 (2017) Role of ginsenosides, the main active components of Panax ginseng, in inflammatory responses and diseases. J Ginseng Res, 41: 435-443</dd></dl><a class="btn_cls" href="#" onclick="closeFootnoteLayer('5');return false;"><span>주석 레이어창 닫기</span></a></div><div class="na_ly_cmt" id="footnoteLayer6" style="display:none"><dl><dd>Lü J-M, Yao Q, Chen C (2009) Ginseng Compounds: An Update on Their Molecular Mechanisms and Medical Applications. Curr Vasc Pharmacol, 7: 293–302</dd></dl><a class="btn_cls" href="#" onclick="closeFootnoteLayer('6');return false;"><span>주석 레이어창 닫기</span></a></div><div class="na_ly_cmt" id="footnoteLayer7" style="display:none"><dl><dd>Kim JH, Yi YS, Kim MY 등 (2017) Role of ginsenosides, the main active components of Panax ginseng, in inflammatory responses and diseases. J Ginseng Res, 41: 435-443</dd></dl><a class="btn_cls" href="#" onclick="closeFootnoteLayer('7');return false;"><span>주석 레이어창 닫기</span></a></div><div id="end_of_naml_body"></div><p class="t_txt"> <strong>1.</strong> Kim JH, Yi YS, Kim MY 등 (2017) Role of ginsenosides, the main active components of Panax ginseng, in inflammatory responses and diseases. J Ginseng Res, 41: 435-443<br /> <strong>2.</strong> Lü J-M, Yao Q, Chen C (2009) Ginseng Compounds: An Update on Their Molecular Mechanisms and Medical Applications. Curr Vasc Pharmacol, 7: 293–302<br /> <strong>3.</strong> Kim YJ, Zhang D, Yang DC (2015) Biosynthesis and biotechnological production of ginsenosides. Biotechnol Adv, 33: 717–735<br /> <strong>4.</strong> Rahimi S, Kim YJ, Sukweenadhi J 등 (2016) PgLOX6 encoding a lipoxygenase contributes to jasmonic acid biosynthesis and ginsenoside production in Panax ginseng. 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