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Francium | AMERICAN ELEMENTS®
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href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/israel.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Israel <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/italia.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Italy <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/japan.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Japan <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/malaysia.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Malaysia <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/mexico.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Mexico <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/nederland.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Netherlands <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/norge.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Norway <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/philippines.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Philippines <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/polska.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Poland <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/portugal.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Portugal <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/russia.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Russia <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/singapore.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Singapore <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/korea.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> South Korea <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/espana.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Spain <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/sverige.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Sweden <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/switzerland.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Switzerland <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/taiwan.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Taiwan <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thailand.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Thailand <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/turkiye.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Turkey <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/united-kingdom.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> United Kingdom <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> United States <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-1 tbm-right tbm-item--has-dropdown" aria-level="1"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><span class="tbm-link level-1 no-link tbm-toggle" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false"> Products <span class="tbm-caption"></span> </span> <button class="tbm-submenu-toggle"><span class="visually-hidden">Toggle submenu</span></button> </div> <div class="tbm-submenu tbm-item-child" role="list"> <div class="tbm-row"> <div class="tbm-column span2 hidden-collapse"> <div class="tbm-column-inner"> <div class="tbm-block"> <div class="block-inner"> <div id="block-fixed-block-contentempty-block--2"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tbm-column span2"> <div class="tbm-column-inner"> <ul class="tbm-subnav level-1 items-5" role="list"> <li class="tbm-item level-2 tbm-group" aria-level="2"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><span class="tbm-link level-2 no-link tbm-group-title" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false"> Products by Element <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </span> </div> <div class="tbm-group-container tbm-item-child" role="list"> <div class="tbm-row"> <div class="tbm-column span12"> <div class="tbm-column-inner"> <ul class="tbm-subnav level-2 items-36" role="list"> <li class="tbm-item level-3 menu-item-bold" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/products-by-element?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> All Elements <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/al.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Aluminum <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/sb.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Antimony <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/as.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Arsenic <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ba.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Barium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/be.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Beryllium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/bi.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Bismuth <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/bb.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Boron <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/bromine.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Bromine <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/cd.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Cadmium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ca.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Calcium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/cc.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Carbon <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ce.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Cerium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/cs.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Cesium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/chlorine.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Chlorine <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/cr.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Chromium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/co.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Cobalt <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/cu.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Copper <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/dy.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Dysprosium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/er.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Erbium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/eu.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Europium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/fluorine.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Fluorine <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/gd.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Gadolinium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ga.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Gallium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ge.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Germanium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/au.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Gold <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/hf.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Hafnium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ho.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Holmium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/in.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Indium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ii.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Iodine <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ir.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Iridium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/fe.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Iron <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/la.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Lanthanum <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/pb.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Lead <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/li.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en" class="tbm-link level-3"> Lithium <span class="tbm-caption">Array</span> </a> </div></li> <li class="tbm-item level-3 menu-item-bold" aria-level="3"> <div class="tbm-link-container"><a 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data-history-node-id="358432" class="elements"> <div class="element-main"> <div class="elements__banner "><img src="/images/2024-08/francium-banner.jpg"> </div> <h1 class="elements__banner__title"><span>Francium</span></h1> <div class="elements__banner__properties"> <div class="elements__banner__properties--number"> 87 </div> <div class="elements__banner__properties--symbol"> Fr </div> <div class="elements__banner__properties--mass"> 223 </div> </div> </div> <div class="elements__content"> <div class="ae-tabs"> <div class="ae-tabs-headers"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/francium.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en#about" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-about">About <div class="views-element-container"> <div class="js-view-dom-id-ed884a2b32c1920df6147299cd4750b31f73dacaad5a77b0a7d2834d225dbc59"> <div class="all-items"> <div> Francium </div> </div> </div> </div></a> <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/francium.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en#products" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-products">Products</a> <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/francium.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en#properties" class="ae-tabs-headers--header active" data-tab="tab-properties">Properties</a> <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/francium.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en#properties-and-products" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-properties-and-products">Properties & Products</a> <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/francium.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en#safety" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-safety">Safety</a> <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/francium.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en#isotopes" class="ae-tabs-headers--header" data-tab="tab-isotopes">Isotopes</a> </div> <div class="ae-tabs-content"> <div id="tab-about" class="tab-body paragraph paragraph--type--about paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="paragraph text-with-title paragraph--type--text-with-title paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="text-with-title__title">About Francium</h2> <div class="text-with-title__body"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="about" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab1"> <img class="image-left" src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/element-bohr-models/francium-bohr-model.jpg" alt="Francium Bohr" width="200" height="200"> <p>Francium is the second rarest and the most unstable naturally occurring element on the periodic table; only <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/at.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en">astatine</a> is rarer. A product of a disintegration of <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/actinium.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en">actinium</a>, which undergoes beta-disintegration 99% of the time, francium is so highly radioactive that its most stable <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/isotopes.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en">isotope</a> (Francium-233, formerly known as actinium-K) has a half-life of merely 22 minutes. As such, only 20-30 grams of the element are present at any given time in the earth’s crust, limited to trace amounts in <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/uu.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en">uranium</a> and <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/th.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en">thorium</a> ores.</p> <p>Francium can be produced in the laboratory via bombardment of <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/th.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en">thorium</a> with protons or <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/radium.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en">radium</a> with neutrons, but only in small quantities--the largest amount ever synthesized was a cluster of 30,000 atoms. The element has never been observed in bulk; with the lowest electronegativity of any element on the periodic table, it would immediately vaporize due to the extreme heat of decay. Thus, scientists estimate that francium’s theoretical properties are similar to the other members of the <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/metals.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en">alkali metals family</a>. There are no commercial applications for francium because of its instability.</p> <p>Dmitri Mendeleev predicted the existence of Francium in the 1870's, calling it “eka-caesium” because of its similarity to <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/cs.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en">cesium</a> (“eka” meaning one element down on the periodic table). The element was discovered by French chemist Marguerite Catherine Perey of the <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/http%3A//www.institut-curie.org/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en">Curie Institute</a> in 1939 while analyzing the decay of <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/actinium.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en">actinium</a>; named for her country of origin, Francium would become the last naturally-occurring element to be discovered rather than being synthesized in a laboratory.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-properties" class="tab-body paragraph paragraph--type--properties-element paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="paragraph text-with-title paragraph--type--text-with-title paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="text-with-title__title">Francium Properties</h2> <div class="text-with-title__body"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="properties" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab3"> <p><img class="image-left" src="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/francium-bohr.jpg" alt="Francium Bohr Model" width="200" height="200"></p> <p><strong>Francium</strong> is a S-Block, Group 1, Period 7 element. The number of electrons in each of Francium's shells is 2,8,18,32,18,8,1 and its electronic configuration is 1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup>p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup>p<sup>6</sup>d<sup>10</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup>p<sup>6</sup>d<sup>10</sup>f<sup>14</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup>p<sup>6</sup>d<sup>10</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup>p<sup>6</sup> 7s<sup>1</sup>. In its elemental form francium's CAS number is 7440-73-5. The francium atom has a radius of 270.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 348.pm. Francium was discovered by Marguerite Perey of the Curie Institute in Paris, France in 1939 although its existence was predicted by Mendeleev during the 1870's.</p> <p>Francium, formerly known as eka-caesium and actinium K, is the second rarest naturally occurring element, the first being <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/at.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en">Astatine</a>. Francium has the lowest electronegativitiy of all known elements and it was the last element discovered in nature. Outside of the laboratory, only trace amounts of francium can be found in<a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/uu.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en"> uranium </a>and <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/th.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ko&_x_tr_hl=en">thorium</a> ores. Out of all of the naturally occurring elements, francium is the most unstable. Due to its rarity and instability, commercial applications for francium do not exist. Francium information, including technical data, properties, research, and other useful facts are discussed below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, conductivity and thermal properties are also included.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="two-columns-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--two-columns-accordions paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="two-columns-accordion__left"> <div class="multiple-accordions paragraph paragraph--type--multiple-accordions paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="multiple-accordions__title"></h2> <div class="multiple-accordions__cta"></div> <div class="multiple-accordions__accordions"> <div class="accordion-wrapper"> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345821">General Properties</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345821"> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="general-properties"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="symbol">Symbol:</th> <td>Fr</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-number">Atomic Number:</th> <td>87</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-weight">Atomic Weight:</th> <td>223</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="element-category">Element Category:</th> <td>alkali metal</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="group-period-block">Group, Period, Block:</th> <td>1, 7, s</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="color">Color:</th> <td>silver-gray/metallic</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="other-names">Other Names:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345822">Physical Properties</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345822"> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="physical-properties"> <table class="table properties-table" id="physical-properties"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="melting-point">Melting Point:</th> <td>21°C, 69.8°F, 294.15 K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="boiling-point">Boiling Point:</th> <td>Unknown</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density">Density:</th> <td>Unknown</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="liquid-density">Liquid Density @ Melting Point:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density-20-degrees-C">Density @ 20°C:</th> <td>1.873 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="solid-density">Density of Solid:</th> <td>2900 (estimated) kg·m<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="specific-heat">Specific Heat:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="superconductivity-temperature">Superconductivity Temperature:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="triple-point">Triple Point:</th> <td>2.177 K, 5.043 kPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="critical-point">Critical Point:</th> <td>5.1953 K, 0.22746 MPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="fusion-heat">Heat of Fusion (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>about 2</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vaporization-heat">Heat of Vaporization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>about 65</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomization-heat">Heat of Atomization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>about 64</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-conductivity">Thermal Conductivity:</th> <td>15 W·m<sup>1</sup>·K<sup>1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-expansion">Thermal Expansion:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electrical-resistivity">Electrical Resistivity:</th> <td>3 µ (calculated)·m</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="tensile-strength">Tensile Strength:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="molar-heat-capacity">Molar Heat Capacity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="youngs-modulus">Young's Modulus:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="shear-modulus">Shear Modulus:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="bulk-modulus">Bulk Modulus:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="poisson-ratio">Poisson Ratio:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mohs-hardness">Mohs Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vickers-hardness">Vickers Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="brinell-hardness">Brinell Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="speed-of-sound">Speed of Sound:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electronegativity">Pauling Electronegativity:</th> <td>0.7</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="sanderson-electronegativity">Sanderson Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allerd-rochow-electronegativity">Allred Rochow Electronegativity:</th> <td>0.86</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mulliken-jaffe-electronegativity">Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity:</th> <td>0.68 (s orbital)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allen-electronegativity">Allen Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electropositivity">Pauling Electropositivity:</th> <td>3.3</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="reflectivity">Reflectivity (%):</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="refractive-index">Refractive Index:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--345823">Chemical Properties</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--345823"> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="chemical-properties"> <table class="table properties-table" id="chemical-properties"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="electrons">Electrons:</th> <td>87</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="protons">Protons:</th> <td>87</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="neutrons">Neutrons:</th> <td>136</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-configuration">Electron Configuration:</th> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup>p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup>p<sup>6</sup>d<sup>10</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup>p<sup>6</sup>d<sup>10</sup>f<sup>14</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup>p<sup>6</sup>d<sup>10</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup>p<sup>6</sup> 7s<sup>1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius">Atomic Radius:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius-non-bonded">Atomic Radius,<br> non-bonded (Å):</th> <td>3.48</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius">Covalent Radius:</th> <td>260 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius-non-bonded">Covalent Radius (Å):</th> <td>2.42</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="van-der-waals-radius">Van der Waals Radius:</th> <td>348 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="oxidation-states">Oxidation States:</th> <td>1 (strongly basic oxide)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="phase">Phase:</th> <td>Solid</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="crystal-structure">Crystal Structure:</th> <td>cubic body-centered</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="magnetic-ordering">Magnetic Ordering:</th> <td>paramagnetic</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-affinity">Electron Affinity (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>)</th> <td>46.892</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="1-ionization">1<sup>st</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>380 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="2-ionization">2<sup>nd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="3-ionization">3<sup>rd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns"><button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__open">+ OPEN ALL</button> <button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__close">- CLOSE ALL</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="two-columns-accordion__right"> <div class="multiple-accordions paragraph paragraph--type--multiple-accordions paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="multiple-accordions__title"></h2> <div class="multiple-accordions__cta"></div> <div class="multiple-accordions__accordions"> <div class="accordion-wrapper"> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346501">Identifiers</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346501"> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="identifiers"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="cas-number">CAS Number:</th> <td>7440-73-5 </td> </tr> <tr> <th id="ec-number">EC Number:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mdl-number">MDL Number:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="beilstein-number">Beilstein Number:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="smile-id">SMILES Identifier:</th> <td>[Fr]</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-id">InChI Identifier:</th> <td>InChI=1S/Fr</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-key">InChI Key:</th> <td>KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pubchem-cid">PubChem CID:</th> <td>6328145</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="chemspider-id">ChemSpider ID:</th> <td>4886484</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346502">Abundance</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346502"> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="abundance"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="earth-total">Earth - Total:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="mercury-total">Mercury - Total:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="venus-total">Venus - Total:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-weight">Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-atoms">Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-weight">Earth - Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-atoms">Earth - Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-weight">Sun - Total, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-atoms">Sun - Total, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-weight">Stream, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-atoms">Stream, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-weight">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-atoms">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-weight">Typical Human Body, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-atoms">Typical Human Body, ppb by atom:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-weight">Universe, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-atoms">Universe, ppb by atom:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-custom-accordion paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="custom-accordion-header accordion--346503">History</h4> <div class="custom-accordion-body accordion-default-close accordion--346503"> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="history"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="discovered">Discovered By:</th> <td>Marguerite Perey</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="discovery-date">Discovery Date:</th> <td>1939</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="first-isolation">First Isolation:</th> <td>Marguerite Perey (1939)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns"><button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__open">+ OPEN ALL</button> <button class="ae-accordion-open-close-all-btns__close">- CLOSE ALL</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-isotopes" class="tab-body paragraph paragraph--type--isotopes paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="paragraph text-with-title paragraph--type--text-with-title paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 class="text-with-title__title">Francium Isotopes</h2> <div class="text-with-title__body"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="isotopes" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab3"> <p>Francium has no stable isotopes.</p> <table class="isotopes-table"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" id="nuclide"><strong>Nuclide</strong></th> <th scope="col" id="mass"><strong>Isotopic Mass</strong></th> <th scope="col" id="half-life"><strong>Half-Life</strong></th> <th scope="col" id="decay"><strong>Mode of Decay</strong></th> <th scope="col" id="nuclear-spin"><strong>Nuclear Spin</strong></th> <th scope="col" id="magnetic-moment"><strong>Magnetic Moment</strong></th> <th scope="col" id="binding-energy"><strong>Binding Energy (MeV)</strong></th> <th scope="col" id="natural-abundance"><strong>Natural Abundance</strong><br><strong>(% by atom)</strong></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>199</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>199.00726(4)</td> <td>16(7) ms</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>1/2+#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1510.04</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>200</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>200.00657(8)</td> <td>24(10) ms</td> <td>a to <sup>196</sup>At</td> <td>3+#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1518.12</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>201</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>201.00386(8)</td> <td>67(3) ms</td> <td>a to <sup>196</sup>At; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>201</sup>Rn</td> <td>(9/2-)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1526.2</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>202</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>202.00337(5)</td> <td>290(30) ms</td> <td>a to <sup>197</sup>At; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>202</sup>Rn</td> <td>(3+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1534.28</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>203</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>203.000925(17)</td> <td>0.55(2) s</td> <td>a to <sup>198</sup>At; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>203</sup>Rn</td> <td>(9/2-)#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1542.36</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>204</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>204.000653(26)</td> <td>1.7(3) s</td> <td>a to <sup>199</sup>At; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>204</sup>Rn</td> <td>(3+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1550.44</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>205</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>204.998594(8)</td> <td>3.80(3) s</td> <td>a to <sup>200</sup>At; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>205</sup>Rn</td> <td>(9/2-)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1567.83</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>206</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>205.99867(3)</td> <td>~16 s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>206</sup>Rn; a to <sup>201</sup>At</td> <td>(2+,3+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1575.91</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>207</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>206.99695(5)</td> <td>14.8(1) s</td> <td>a to <sup>202</sup>At; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>207</sup>Rn</td> <td>9/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1583.99</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>208</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>207.99714(5)</td> <td>59.1(3) s</td> <td>a to <sup>203</sup>At; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>208</sup>Rn</td> <td>7+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1592.07</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>209</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>208.995954(16)</td> <td>50.0(3) s</td> <td>a to <sup>204</sup>At; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>209</sup>Rn</td> <td>9/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1600.15</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>210</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>209.996408(24)</td> <td>3.18(6) min</td> <td>a to <sup>206</sup>At; EC to <sup>210</sup>Rn</td> <td>6+</td> <td>4.4</td> <td>1608.23</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>211</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>210.995537(23)</td> <td>3.10(2) min</td> <td>a to <sup>207</sup>At; EC to <sup>211</sup>Rn</td> <td>9/2-</td> <td>4</td> <td>1616.3</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>212</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>211.996202(28)</td> <td>20.0(6) min</td> <td>a to <sup>208</sup>At; EC to <sup>212</sup>Rn</td> <td>5+</td> <td>4.6</td> <td>1624.38</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>213</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>212.996189(8)</td> <td>34.6(3) s</td> <td>a to <sup>209</sup>At; EC to <sup>213</sup>Rn</td> <td>9/2-</td> <td>4</td> <td>1632.46</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>214</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>213.998971(9)</td> <td>5.0(2) ms</td> <td>a to <sup>210</sup>At</td> <td>(1-)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1640.54</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>215</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>215.000341(8)</td> <td>86(5) ns</td> <td>a to <sup>211</sup>At</td> <td>9/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1639.3</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>216</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>216.003198(15)</td> <td>0.70(2) µs</td> <td>a to <sup>212</sup>At; EC to <sup>216</sup>Rn</td> <td>(1-)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1647.38</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>217</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>217.004632(7)</td> <td>16.8(19) µs</td> <td>a to <sup>213</sup>At</td> <td>9/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1655.46</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>218</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>218.007578(5)</td> <td>1.0(6) ms</td> <td>a to <sup>214</sup>At</td> <td>1-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1663.54</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>219</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>219.009252(8)</td> <td>20(2) ms</td> <td>a to <sup>215</sup>At</td> <td>9/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1671.62</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>220</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>220.012327(4)</td> <td>27.4(3) s</td> <td>a to <sup>216</sup>At; ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>220</sup>Ra</td> <td>1+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1670.38</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>221</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>221.014255(5)</td> <td>4.9(2) min</td> <td>a to <sup>217</sup>At; ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>221</sup>Ra; <sup>14</sup>C</td> <td>5/2-</td> <td>1.58</td> <td>1678.46</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>222</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>222.017552(23)</td> <td>14.2(3) min</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>222</sup>Ra</td> <td>2-</td> <td>0.63</td> <td>1686.54</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>223</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>223.0197359(26)</td> <td>22.00(7) min</td> <td>a to <sup>219</sup>At</td> <td>3/2(-)</td> <td>1.17</td> <td>1694.62</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>224</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>224.02325(5)</td> <td>3.33(10) min</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>224</sup>Ra;</td> <td>1-</td> <td>0.4</td> <td>1693.38</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>225</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>225.02557(3)</td> <td>4.0(2) min</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>225</sup>Ra</td> <td>3/2-</td> <td>1.07</td> <td>1701.46</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>226</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>226.02939(11)</td> <td>49(1) s</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>226</sup>Ra</td> <td>1-</td> <td>0.071</td> <td>1709.54</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>227</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>227.03184(11)</td> <td>2.47(3) min</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>227</sup>Ra</td> <td>1/2+</td> <td>1.5</td> <td>1708.3</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>228</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>228.03573(22)#</td> <td>38(1) s</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>228</sup>Ra</td> <td>2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1716.38</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>229</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>229.03845(4)</td> <td>50.2(4) s</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>229</sup>Ra</td> <td>(1/2+)#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1724.46</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>230</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>230.04251(48)#</td> <td>19.1(5) s</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>230</sup>Ra</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1723.22</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>231</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>231.04544(50)#</td> <td>17.6(6) s</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>231</sup>Ra</td> <td>(1/2+)#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1731.3</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><strong><sup>232</sup>Fr</strong></th> <td>232.04977(69)#</td> <td>5(1) s</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>232</sup>Ra</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1739.38</td> <td>-</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> 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