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class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Organiese+nomenklatuur" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Organiese+nomenklatuur" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Organiese+nomenklatuur" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Organiese+nomenklatuur" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Beginsels_vir_koolwaterstofkettings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beginsels_vir_koolwaterstofkettings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Beginsels vir koolwaterstofkettings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Beginsels_vir_koolwaterstofkettings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Beginsels vir koolwaterstofkettings subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Beginsels_vir_koolwaterstofkettings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alkane" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alkane"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Alkane</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alkane-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alkene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alkene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Alkene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alkene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alkyne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alkyne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Alkyne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alkyne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beginsels_vir_funksionele_groepe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beginsels_vir_funksionele_groepe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Beginsels vir funksionele groepe</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Beginsels_vir_funksionele_groepe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Beginsels vir funksionele groepe subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Beginsels_vir_funksionele_groepe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Halogenoalkane_en_Halogenoarene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Halogenoalkane_en_Halogenoarene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Halogenoalkane en Halogenoarene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Halogenoalkane_en_Halogenoarene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alkohol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alkohol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Alkohol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alkohol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Eters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amiene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amiene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Amiene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amiene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amiede" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amiede"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Amiede</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amiede-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opsomming_van_basiese_beginsels_en_voorbeeld" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opsomming_van_basiese_beginsels_en_voorbeeld"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Opsomming van basiese beginsels en voorbeeld</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opsomming_van_basiese_beginsels_en_voorbeeld-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kyk_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kyk_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kyk ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kyk_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Organiese nomenklatuur</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 33 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_quimica_d%27os_compuestos_organicos" title="Nomenclatura quimica d'os compuestos organicos – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Nomenclatura quimica d'os compuestos organicos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="تسمية نظامية للمركبات العضوية – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تسمية نظامية للمركبات العضوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="ইউপ্যাক পদ্ধতিতে জৈব রসায়নের নামকরণ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইউপ্যাক পদ্ধতিতে জৈব রসায়নের নামকরণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_org%C3%A0nica" title="Nomenclatura orgànica – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nomenclatura orgànica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1zvoslov%C3%AD_organick%C3%BDch_slou%C4%8Denin" title="Názvosloví organických sloučenin – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Názvosloví organických sloučenin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Ονοματολογία οργανικών ενώσεων – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ονοματολογία οργανικών ενώσεων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_organic_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_qu%C3%ADmica_de_los_compuestos_org%C3%A1nicos" title="Nomenclatura química de los compuestos orgánicos – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nomenclatura química de los compuestos orgánicos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgaaniliste_%C3%BChendite_s%C3%BCstemaatiline_nomenklatuur" title="Orgaaniliste ühendite süstemaatiline nomenklatuur – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Orgaaniliste ühendite süstemaatiline nomenklatuur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konposatu_organikoen_nomenklatura" title="Konposatu organikoen nomenklatura – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Konposatu organikoen nomenklatura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC:n_orgaanisten_yhdisteiden_nime%C3%A4misk%C3%A4yt%C3%A4nt%C3%B6" title="IUPAC:n orgaanisten yhdisteiden nimeämiskäytäntö – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="IUPAC:n orgaanisten yhdisteiden nimeämiskäytäntö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclature_des_compos%C3%A9s_organiques" title="Nomenclature des composés organiques – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nomenclature des composés organiques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3il%C3%ADn%C3%AD_org%C3%A1nacha_a_ainmni%C3%BA" title="Móilíní orgánacha a ainmniú – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Móilíní orgánacha a ainmniú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_qu%C3%ADmica_dos_compostos_org%C3%A1nicos" title="Nomenclatura química dos compostos orgánicos – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nomenclatura química dos compostos orgánicos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="कार्बनिक रसायनों की आईयूपीएसी नामपद्धति – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कार्बनिक रसायनों की आईयूपीएसी नामपद्धति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC-ova_nomenklatura_organske_kemije" title="IUPAC-ova nomenklatura organske kemije – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="IUPAC-ova nomenklatura organske kemije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szerves_k%C3%A9miai_n%C3%B3menklat%C3%BAra" title="Szerves kémiai nómenklatúra – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szerves kémiai nómenklatúra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_nama_organik" title="Tata nama organik – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tata nama organik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_IUPAC_dei_composti_organici" title="Nomenclatura IUPAC dei composti organici – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nomenclatura IUPAC dei composti organici" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EA%B8%B0%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EC%9D%98_IUPAC_%EB%AA%85%EB%AA%85%EB%B2%95" title="유기화학의 IUPAC 명명법 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유기화학의 IUPAC 명명법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locant" title="Locant – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Locant" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_IUPAC_de_compostos_org%C3%A2nicos" title="Nomenclatura IUPAC de compostos orgânicos – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nomenclatura IUPAC de compostos orgânicos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_IUPAC_a_compu%C8%99ilor_organici" title="Nomenclatura IUPAC a compușilor organici – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nomenclatura IUPAC a compușilor organici" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%98%D0%AE%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%9A" title="Номенклатура органических соединений ИЮПАК – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Номенклатура органических соединений ИЮПАК" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_nomenklatura_organskih_jedinjenja" title="IUPAC nomenklatura organskih jedinjenja – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="IUPAC nomenklatura organskih jedinjenja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenklat%C3%BAra_IUPAC_pre_organick%C3%BA_ch%C3%A9miu" title="Nomenklatúra IUPAC pre organickú chémiu – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nomenklatúra IUPAC pre organickú chémiu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenklatura_organske_kemije_IUPAC" title="Nomenklatura organske kemije IUPAC – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nomenklatura organske kemije IUPAC" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenklatura_IUPAC_e_kimis%C3%AB_organike" title="Nomenklatura IUPAC e kimisë organike – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nomenklatura IUPAC e kimisë organike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B0" title="IUPAC номенклатура органских једињења – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="IUPAC номенклатура органских једињења" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><p>In <a href="/wiki/Organiese_chemie" title="Organiese chemie">organiese chemie</a> is die <b>organiese nomenklatuur</b> 'n metode om <a href="/wiki/Organiese_verbinding" title="Organiese verbinding">organiese chemiese verbindings</a> name te gee soos aanbeveel deur die <a href="/wiki/IUSTC" title="IUSTC">Internasionale Unie van Suiwer en Toegepaste Chemie</a> (IUSTC).<sup id="cite_ref-Butterworths_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Butterworths-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ideaal gesproke moet elke moontlike organiese verbinding 'n naam hê waarvan 'n ondubbelsinnige struktuurformule geskep kan word. Daar is ook 'n lys IUSTC-benoemingsaanbevelings vir <a href="/wiki/Anorganiese_chemie" title="Anorganiese chemie">anorganiese chemie</a>. </p><p>Om lang en vervelige name in normale kommunikasie te vermy, word die amptelike IUSTC-benoemingsaanbevelings nie altyd in die praktyk gevolg nie, behalwe as dit nodig is om 'n eenduidige en absolute definisie aan 'n verbinding te gee. IUSTC-name kan soms eenvoudiger wees as ouer name, soos met <i><a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol">etanol</a></i>, in plaas van <i>etielalkohol</i> of <i>cholesterol</i> wat makliker is as die sistematiese naam <i>(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-dimetiel-17-[(2R)-6-metielheptaan-2-iel]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodekahidro-1H-siklopenta[a]fenantren-3-ol</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-PubChem_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PubChem-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vir relatief eenvoudige molekules is dit makliker om die nie-sistematiese name te verstaan, wat geleer of na gekyk moet word. Die algemene of triviale naam is egter dikwels aansienlik korter en duideliker, en dit word dus verkies. Hierdie nie-sistematiese name is dikwels afgelei van die oorspronklike bron van die verbinding. Daarbenewens kan baie lang name minder duidelik wees as die struktuurformule. Die sistematiese naam maak dit nogtans moontlik om die hele molekuulstruktuur af te lei. </p><p>Die bekendste organiese stowwe het name in die omgangstaal, of daar word ouer name uit die geskiedenis van die chemie gebruik, maar dersuisende verbindings het geen naam in die omgangstaal nie. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beginsels_vir_koolwaterstofkettings">Beginsels vir koolwaterstofkettings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Beginsels vir koolwaterstofkettings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Beginsels vir koolwaterstofkettings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alkane">Alkane</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Alkane" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Alkane"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Hoofartikel: <a href="/wiki/Alkaan" title="Alkaan">Alkaan</a></dd></dl> <p>Reguit-ketting alkane neem die agtervoegsel "-aan" en kry die voorvoorvoegsel afhangende van die aantal koolstofatome in die ketting, volgens standaardreëls. Die eerste paar voorvoegsels is: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Antal koolstofatome </th> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>10</td> <td>11</td> <td>12</td> <td>13</td> <td>14</td> <td>15</td> <td>16</td> <td>17</td> <td>18</td> <td>19</td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Voorvoegsel </th> <td>Met</td> <td>Et</td> <td>Prop</td> <td>But</td> <td>Pent</td> <td>Heks</td> <td>Hept</td> <td>Okt</td> <td>Non</td> <td>Dec</td> <td>Undek</td> <td>Dodek</td> <td>Tridek</td> <td>Tetradek</td> <td>Pentadek</td> <td>Heksadek</td> <td>Heptadek</td> <td>Oktadek</td> <td>Nonadek</td> <td>Ikos </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Byvoorbeeld, die eenvoudigste alkaan is CH<sub>4</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Metaan" title="Metaan">metaan</a>) en die negekoolstof-alkaan CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>7</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> word <a href="/wiki/Nonaan" title="Nonaan">nonaan</a> genoem. Die name van die eerste vier alkane is onderskeidelik afgelei van <a href="/wiki/Metanol" title="Metanol">metanol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eter_(chemie)" title="Eter (chemie)">eter</a>, propionsuur en "<a href="/wiki/Bottersuur" title="Bottersuur">bottersuur</a>" (butanoësuur). Die res word met 'n Griekse numeriese voorvoegsel benoem, met die uitsondering van nonane met 'n Latynse voorvoegsel, en undekaan en tridekaan met voorvoegsels uit gemengde tale. </p><p>Sikliese alkane kry eenvoudig die voorvoegsel "siklo-", bv. C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub> is siklobutaan (nie te verwar met buteen nie) en C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub> is sikloheksaan (wat nie met hekseen verwar moet word nie). </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Vergelyking_siklobutaan_buteen_01.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Vergelyking tussen siklobutaan en buteen"><img alt="Vergelyking tussen siklobutaan en buteen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Vergelyking_siklobutaan_buteen_01.png/250px-Vergelyking_siklobutaan_buteen_01.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Vergelyking_siklobutaan_buteen_01.png/375px-Vergelyking_siklobutaan_buteen_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Vergelyking_siklobutaan_buteen_01.png/500px-Vergelyking_siklobutaan_buteen_01.png 2x" data-file-width="1468" data-file-height="492" /></a><figcaption>Vergelyking tussen siklobutaan en buteen</figcaption></figure></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Vergelyking_sikloheksaan_hekseen.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Vergelyking tussen tee konformasies van sikloheksaan en hekseen"><img alt="Vergelyking tussen tee konformasies van sikloheksaan en hekseen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Vergelyking_sikloheksaan_hekseen.png/450px-Vergelyking_sikloheksaan_hekseen.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Vergelyking_sikloheksaan_hekseen.png/675px-Vergelyking_sikloheksaan_hekseen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Vergelyking_sikloheksaan_hekseen.png/900px-Vergelyking_sikloheksaan_hekseen.png 2x" data-file-width="2188" data-file-height="564" /></a><figcaption>Vergelyking tussen tee konformasies van sikloheksaan en hekseen</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:2-metielpropaan_verduidelik.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2-metielpropaan (isobutaan)"><img alt="2-metielpropaan (isobutaan)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/2-metielpropaan_verduidelik.png/150px-2-metielpropaan_verduidelik.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/2-metielpropaan_verduidelik.png/225px-2-metielpropaan_verduidelik.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/2-metielpropaan_verduidelik.png/300px-2-metielpropaan_verduidelik.png 2x" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="980" /></a><figcaption>2-metielpropaan (isobutaan)</figcaption></figure> <p>Vertakte alkane word die naam van 'n reguit ketting-alkaan gegee met aangehegde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkiel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alkiel (bladsy bestaan nie)">alkielgroepe</a>. 'n Nommer voor die naam word gebruik on die koolstofatoom aan te dui waaraan die groep geheg is, en word getel vanaf die einde van die alkaanketting. Byvoorbeeld, (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CHCH<sub>3</sub>, algemeen bekend as <a href="/wiki/Butaan" title="Butaan">isobutaan</a>, word beskryf as 'n <a href="/wiki/Propaan" title="Propaan">propaanketting</a> met 'n metielgroep wat aan die middelste (nommer 2) koolstof gebind is, en die sistematiese naam 2-metielpropaan kry. Alhoewel die naam 2-metielpropaan gebruik kan word, is dit makliker en logieser om dit bloot metielpropaan te noem - die metielgroep kan onmoontlik op enige van die ander koolstofatome voorkom (wat die ketting sal verleng en butaan vorm, en nie <a href="/wiki/Propaan" title="Propaan">propaan</a> nie) en daarom is die gebruik van die nommer "2" onnodig. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:2-metielbutaan_3-metielbutaan_vergelyk.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2-metielbutaan_3-metielbutaan_vergelyk.png/350px-2-metielbutaan_3-metielbutaan_vergelyk.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2-metielbutaan_3-metielbutaan_vergelyk.png/525px-2-metielbutaan_3-metielbutaan_vergelyk.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2-metielbutaan_3-metielbutaan_vergelyk.png/700px-2-metielbutaan_3-metielbutaan_vergelyk.png 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="644" /></a><figcaption>2-metielbutaan is die korekte naam. 3-metielbutaan is verkeerd genommer</figcaption></figure> <p>As daar 'n onduidelikheid in die posisie van die syketting is, afhangend van die punt van die alkaanketting begin getel word, word die nommering gekies sodat die kleiner getal gebruik word. Byvoorbeeld (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CHCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> (isopentaan) word 2-metielbutaan genoem, nie <span style="white-space:nowrap">3-metielbutaan</span> nie. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:2,2-dimetielpropaan.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2,2-dimetielpropaan"><img alt="2,2-dimetielpropaan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/2%2C2-dimetielpropaan.png/150px-2%2C2-dimetielpropaan.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/2%2C2-dimetielpropaan.png/225px-2%2C2-dimetielpropaan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/2%2C2-dimetielpropaan.png/300px-2%2C2-dimetielpropaan.png 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption>2,2-dimetielpropaan</figcaption></figure> <p>As daar meervoudige sytakke van dieselfde groote alkielgroep is, word hulle posisies deur komma's geskei en die groep word voorafgegaan deur di-, tri-, tetra-, ens. afhangende van die aantal takke. Byvoorbeeld, C(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> (neopentaan) word 2,2-dimetielpropaan genoem. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:3-etiel-4-metielheksaan_en_2,3-dietielpentaan.png" class="mw-file-description" title="3-etiel-4-metielheksaan en 2,3-dietielpentaan"><img alt="3-etiel-4-metielheksaan en 2,3-dietielpentaan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/3-etiel-4-metielheksaan_en_2%2C3-dietielpentaan.png/500px-3-etiel-4-metielheksaan_en_2%2C3-dietielpentaan.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/3-etiel-4-metielheksaan_en_2%2C3-dietielpentaan.png/750px-3-etiel-4-metielheksaan_en_2%2C3-dietielpentaan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/3-etiel-4-metielheksaan_en_2%2C3-dietielpentaan.png/1000px-3-etiel-4-metielheksaan_en_2%2C3-dietielpentaan.png 2x" data-file-width="1796" data-file-height="748" /></a><figcaption>3-etiel-4-metielheksaan en 2,3-dietielpentaan</figcaption></figure> <p>As daar verskillende groepe is, word hulle in alfabetiese volgorde bygevoeg, geskei deur komma's of koppeltekens. Die langste moontlike hoof-alkaanketting word gebruik; dus 3-etiel-4-metielheksaan in plaas van 2,3-diëtielpentaan, al beskryf dit ekwivalente strukture. </p><p>Die voorvoegsels di-, tri- ens. word geïgnoreer vir die doel van alfabetiese ordening van sykettings (bv. <span style="white-space:nowrap">3-<b>e</b>tiel-2,4-di<b>m</b>etielpentaan</span>, nie <span style="white-space:nowrap">2,4-<b>d</b>imetiel-3-<b>e</b>tielpentaan</span> nie). </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alkene">Alkene</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Alkene" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Alkene"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Hoofartikel: <a href="/wiki/Alkeen" title="Alkeen">Alkeen</a></dd></dl> <p>Alkenes is vernoem na hul ouer-alkaanketting met die agtervoegsel "-een" en 'n vaste nommer wat die posisie van die koolstof aandui met die laagste getal vir elke dubbelbinding in die ketting: CH<sub>2</sub>=CHCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> is but-1-een. </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Vorms_van_buteen.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Strukturele formules van butene"><img alt="Strukturele formules van butene" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Vorms_van_buteen.png/450px-Vorms_van_buteen.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Vorms_van_buteen.png/675px-Vorms_van_buteen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Vorms_van_buteen.png/900px-Vorms_van_buteen.png 2x" data-file-width="2142" data-file-height="366" /></a><figcaption>Strukturele formules van butene</figcaption></figure></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <p>Meervoudige dubbele bindings het die vorm-diëen, -triëen, ens. en die voorvoegsel van die ketting wat die groote aandui neem 'n ekstra "a": CH<sub>2</sub>=CHCH=CH<sub>2</sub> is but<b>a</b>-1,3-dieen. </p><p>Eenvoudige cis- en trans-<a href="/wiki/Isomeer" title="Isomeer">isomere</a> kan aangedui word met 'n voorvoegsel cis- of trans-: cis-but-2-een, trans-but-2-een. Cis- en trans- is egter relatiewe beskrywers. Dit is die IUSTC-konvensie om alle alkene te beskryf met behulp van absolute beskrywers van Z-(dieselfde kant) en E-(teenoorgestelde) met behulp van die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cahn%E2%80%93Ingold%E2%80%93Prelog-prioriteitsre%C3%ABls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cahn–Ingold–Prelog-prioriteitsreëls (bladsy bestaan nie)">Cahn–Ingold–Prelog-prioriteitsreëls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-March_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-March-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IUSTC_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUSTC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alkyne">Alkyne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Alkyne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Alkyne"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Hoofartikel: <a href="/wiki/Alkyn" title="Alkyn">Alkyn</a></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:IUPAC-alkyne-af.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Strukturele formules van etyn en propyn"><img alt="Strukturele formules van etyn en propyn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/IUPAC-alkyne-af.svg/350px-IUPAC-alkyne-af.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/IUPAC-alkyne-af.svg/525px-IUPAC-alkyne-af.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/IUPAC-alkyne-af.svg/700px-IUPAC-alkyne-af.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="85" /></a><figcaption>Strukturele formules van etyn en propyn</figcaption></figure> <p>Alkyne gebruik die selfde reëls maar eindig met die agtervoegsel "yn", bv. <a href="/wiki/Etyn" title="Etyn">etyn</a> (asetileen) en <a href="/wiki/Propyn" title="Propyn">propyn</a> (metielasetileen). </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beginsels_vir_funksionele_groepe">Beginsels vir funksionele groepe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Beginsels vir funksionele groepe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Beginsels vir funksionele groepe"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Hoofartikel: <a href="/wiki/Funksionele_groep" title="Funksionele groep">Funksionele groep</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halogenoalkane_en_Halogenoarene">Halogenoalkane en Halogenoarene</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Halogenoalkane en Halogenoarene" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Halogenoalkane en Halogenoarene"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Hoofartikels: <a href="/wiki/Halogenoalkaan" title="Halogenoalkaan">Halogenoalkaan</a> en <a href="/wiki/Halogenoareen" title="Halogenoareen">Halogenoareen</a></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Chloroform_en_halotaan.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Strukturele formules van chloroform en halotaan met UISTC-name"><img alt="Strukturele formules van chloroform en halotaan met UISTC-name" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Chloroform_en_halotaan.png/250px-Chloroform_en_halotaan.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Chloroform_en_halotaan.png/375px-Chloroform_en_halotaan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Chloroform_en_halotaan.png/500px-Chloroform_en_halotaan.png 2x" data-file-width="1726" data-file-height="914" /></a><figcaption>Strukturele formules van chloroform en halotaan met UISTC-name</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Halogenoalkaan" title="Halogenoalkaan">halogenoalkane</a> en <a href="/wiki/Halogenoareen" title="Halogenoareen">halogenoarene</a> word die funksionele halogeengroepe voorafgegaan met die bindingsposisie en neem die vorm aan van fluor-, chloor-, broom-, jood-, ens., afhangende van die halogeen. Veelvuldige groepe is dichloro-, trichloro-, ens., en verskillende groepe word soos voorheen alfabeties georde. CHCl<sub>3</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Chloroform" title="Chloroform">chloroform</a>) is byvoorbeeld trichloormetaan. Die verdowingsmiddel Halotaan (CF<sub>3</sub>CHBrCl) is 2-broom-2-chloor-1,1,1-trifluoroetaan. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alkohol">Alkohol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Alkohol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Alkohol"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Hoofartikel: <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" title="Alkohol">Alkohol</a></dd></dl> <p>Alkohols (R-OH) neem die agtervoegsel "-ol" met 'n invoegsel van die numeriese bindingsposisie: bv. CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH is propaan-1-ol. Die agtervoegsels -diol, -triol, -tetraol, ens., word gebruik vir veelvuldige -OH-groepe: Etileenglikol CH<sub>2</sub>OHCH<sub>2</sub>OH is etaan-1,2-diol. </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Etanol_propaan-1-ol_etaan-1,2-diol.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Strukturele formules van etanol, propaan-1-ol en etaan-1,2-diol"><img alt="Strukturele formules van etanol, propaan-1-ol en etaan-1,2-diol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Etanol_propaan-1-ol_etaan-1%2C2-diol.png/450px-Etanol_propaan-1-ol_etaan-1%2C2-diol.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Etanol_propaan-1-ol_etaan-1%2C2-diol.png/675px-Etanol_propaan-1-ol_etaan-1%2C2-diol.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Etanol_propaan-1-ol_etaan-1%2C2-diol.png/900px-Etanol_propaan-1-ol_etaan-1%2C2-diol.png 2x" data-file-width="1852" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>Strukturele formules van etanol, propaan-1-ol en etaan-1,2-diol</figcaption></figure></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <p>As 'n funksionele groep met 'n hoër voorrang in die molekule voorkom, word die voorvoegsel "hidroksi" met die bindingsposisie gebruik. bv. CH<sub>3</sub>CHOHCOOH is 2-hidroksipropanoësuur. </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:2-hidroksipropanoesuur.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2-hidroksipropanoesuur"><img alt="2-hidroksipropanoesuur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/2-hidroksipropanoesuur.png/150px-2-hidroksipropanoesuur.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/2-hidroksipropanoesuur.png/225px-2-hidroksipropanoesuur.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/2-hidroksipropanoesuur.png/300px-2-hidroksipropanoesuur.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="714" /></a><figcaption>2-hidroksipropanoesuur</figcaption></figure></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eters">Eters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Eters" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Eters"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Hoofartikel: <a href="/wiki/Eter_(chemie)" title="Eter (chemie)">Eter</a></dd></dl> <p>Eters (R-O-R) bestaan uit 'n suurstofatoom tussen die twee aangehegte koolstofkettings. Die korter van die twee kettings word die eerste deel van die naam met die "-aan" agtervoegsel verander na "-oksi", en die langer alkaanketting word die agtervoegsel van die naam van die eter. Dus is CH<sub>3</sub>OCH<sub>3</sub> metoksimetaan, en CH<sub>3</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> is metoksi-etaan, en nie etoksimetaan nie. As die suurstof nie aan die einde van die hoof-alkaanketting geheg word nie, word die hele korter alkiel-plus-etergroep as 'n sy-ketting behandel en voorafgegaan met sy bindingsposisie op die hoofketting. Dus is CH<sub>3</sub>OCH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> 2-metoksipropaan. </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Metoksiemetaan_metoksi-etaan_2-metoksipropaan.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Metoksiemetaan, metoksi-etaan en 2-metoksipropaan"><img alt="Metoksiemetaan, metoksi-etaan en 2-metoksipropaan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Metoksiemetaan_metoksi-etaan_2-metoksipropaan.png/450px-Metoksiemetaan_metoksi-etaan_2-metoksipropaan.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Metoksiemetaan_metoksi-etaan_2-metoksipropaan.png/675px-Metoksiemetaan_metoksi-etaan_2-metoksipropaan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Metoksiemetaan_metoksi-etaan_2-metoksipropaan.png/900px-Metoksiemetaan_metoksi-etaan_2-metoksipropaan.png 2x" data-file-width="2310" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>Metoksiemetaan, metoksi-etaan en 2-metoksipropaan</figcaption></figure></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <p>Alternatiewelik kan 'n eterketting genoem word as 'n alkaan waarin een koolstof deur 'n suurstof vervang word, 'n vervanging aangedui deur die voorvoegsel 'oksa'. CH<sub>3</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> kan byvoorbeeld ook 2-oksabutaan genoem word, en 'n epoksied ('n sikliese eter met 'n drie-atoomring) kan oksasiklopropaan genoem word. Hierdie metode is veral handig wanneer beide groepe wat aan die suurstofatoom geheg is, kompleks is.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunt_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amiene">Amiene</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Amiene" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Amiene"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Hoofartikel: <a href="/wiki/Amien" title="Amien">Amien</a></dd></dl> <p>Amiene (R-NH2) is vernoem na die aangehegte alkaanketting met die agtervoegsel "-amien" (bv. CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub></sub>2 metaanamien). Indien nodig, word die bindingsposisie ingevoeg: CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub> propaan-1-amien, CH<sub>3</sub>CHNH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> propaan-2-amien. Die voorvoegselvorm is "amieno-". </p><p>Vir sekondêre amiene (met die vorm R-NH-R) is die primêre naam van die amien die langste koolstofketting wat aan die stikstofatoom geheg is. Die ander ketting is voorgevoeg as 'n alkielgroep met die posisievoorvoegsel 'n skuinskrif <i>N</i>: CH<sub>3</sub>NHCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> is <i>N</i>-metieletaanamien. Tersiêre amiene (R-NR-R) word soortgelyk behandel: CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>N(CH<sub>3</sub>)CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> is <i>N</i>-etiel-<i>N</i>-metielpropaanamien. Weereens word die substituentgroepe alfabeties gerangskik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amiede">Amiede</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Amiede" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Amiede"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Hoofartikel: <a href="/wiki/Amied" title="Amied">Amied</a></dd></dl> <p>Amiede (R-CO-NH2) neem die agtervoegsel "-amied" of "-karboksamied" wanneer die koolstof in die amiedgroep nie in die hoofketting opgeneem kan word nie. Die voorvoegselvorm is beide "karbomiel-" en "amiedo-". Byvoorbeeld HCONH<sub>2</sub> Metaanamied, CH<sub>3</sub>CONH<sub>2</sub> Etaanamied. </p><p>Amiede wat addisionele substituente op die <a href="/wiki/Stikstof" title="Stikstof">stikstof</a> bevat, word soortgelyk aan die geval van amiene behandel: hulle word alfabeties gerangskik met die voorvoegsel <i>N</i>: HCON(CH3)<sub>2</sub> is <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimetielmetaanamied. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opsomming_van_basiese_beginsels_en_voorbeeld">Opsomming van basiese beginsels en voorbeeld</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Opsomming van basiese beginsels en voorbeeld" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Opsomming van basiese beginsels en voorbeeld"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In die chemie word 'n aantal voorvoegsels, agtervoegsels en invoegsels gebruik om die tipe en posisie van die <a href="/wiki/Funksionele_groep" title="Funksionele groep">funksionele groepe</a> in die verbinding te beskryf. </p><p>Die stappe vir die benaming van 'n organiese verbinding is: </p> <ol><li>Identifisering van die moederkoolwaterstofketting. Hierdie ketting moet die volgende reëls in volgorder nakom: <ol><li>Dit moet die maksimum aantal substituente of takke hê wat as voorvoegsels aangehaal word</li> <li>Dit moet die maksimum aantal substituente van die agtervoegsel funksionele groep bevat. (Met agtervoegsel word bedoel dat die ouerfunksionele groep 'n agtervoegsel moet hê, anders as <a href="/wiki/Halogeen" title="Halogeen">halogeen</a>-substituente). As meer as een funksionele groep teenwoordig is, moet die groep met die hoogste voorrang gebruik word.</li> <li>Dit moet die maksimum lengte hê.</li> <li>Dit moet die maksimum aantal veelvuldige verbindings hê.</li> <li>Dit moet die maksimum aantal enkelverbindings hê.</li></ol></li> <li>Identifikasie van die ouerfunksionele groep, indien enige, met die hoogste prioriteit.</li> <li>Identifisering van die sykettings. Kantkettings is die koolstofkettings wat nie in die moederketting is nie, maar daarvan vertak.</li> <li>Identifisering van die oorblywende funksionele groepe en benoem dit aan die hand van hul ioniese voorvoegsels (soos hidroksie vir -OH, oksie vir = O, oksie-alkaan vir O-R, ens.).<br />Verskillende sykettings en funksionele groepe sal in alfabetiese volgorde saamgevoeg word. (Die voorvoegsels di-, tri-, ens. word nie in ag geneem vir alfabetiese groepering nie. Byvoorbeeld, etiel kom voor dihiedroksie of dimetiel, aangesien die "di" word in geen geval oorweeg word nie). Wanneer beide sykettings en sekondêre funksionele groepe teenwoordig is, moet dit in een groep gemeng word, eerder as in twee afsonderlike groepe.</li> <li>Identifisering van dubbel- en drievoudige bindings.</li> <li>Nommer van die ketting. Dit word gedoen deur eers die ketting in beide rigtings te nommer (links na regs en regs na links), en dan die nommerorder wat volgens die reëls wat volg te kies, in die voorrangorde: <ol><li>Dit het die laagste nommer (of lokant) vir die agtervoegsel funksionele groep. Lokante is die nommers op die koolstowwe waaraan die substituente direk geheg is.</li> <li>Dit het die lokante vir veelvoudige bindings met die laagste nommer (Die lokant van 'n veelvoudige binding is die nommer van die aangrensende koolstof met 'n laer getal).</li> <li>Dit het die laagste nommer vir die voorvoegsels.</li> <li>Nommer van die verskillende substituente en verbindings met hul lokante. As daar meer as een van dieselfde tipe substituent / dubbelbinding is, word 'n voorvoegsel bygevoeg wat wys hoeveel daar is (di - 2, tri - 3, tetra - 4, net soos vir die aantal koolstowwe hieronder met 'a' bygevoeg)</li></ol></li></ol> <p>Die getalle vir dié tipe syketting word in stygende volgorde gegroepeer en voor die naam van die syketting geskryf. As daar twee sykettings met dieselfde alfakoolstof is, sal die getal twee keer geskryf word. Voorbeeld: 2,2,3-trimetiel-. As daar beide dubbel- en drievoudige bindings is, word "een" (dubbelband) voor "yn" (drievoudige binding) geskryf. Wanneer die hooffunksionele groep 'n terminale funksionele groep is ('n groep wat slegs aan die einde van 'n ketting kan bestaan, soos formiel- en karboksielgroepe), hoef dit nie 'n nommer te kry nie. </p> <ol><li>Rangskikking in hierdie vorm: Samegroeping van die sykettings en sekondêre funksionele groepe met getalle vanaf stap 3 + voorvoegsel van ouer koolwaterstofketting (et-, met-) + dubbel / drievoudige bindings met getalle (of "aan") + primêre funksionele groepvoorvoegsel met getalle.<br />Waar daar ook "met getalle" staan, word verstaan dat tussen die woord en die getalle die voorvoegsel (di-, tri-) gebruik word.</li> <li>Byvoeging van leestekens: <ol><li>Kommas word tussen getalle geplaas (2 5 5 word 2,5,5)</li> <li>Koppeltekens word tussen 'n nommer en 'n letter geplaas (2,5,5 trimetylheptaan word 2,5,5-trimetielheptaan)</li> <li>Opeenvolgende woorde word in een woord saamgevoeg (trimetiel heptaan word trimetielheptaan)<br />Opmerking: IUSTC gebruik deurgaans eenwoordname. Dit is die rede waarom alle onderdele verbind is.</li></ol></li></ol> <p>Voorbeeld van 'n molekule met die moederkoolstowwe genommer 1 tot 23, en die ander atoome (behalwe waterstof) ook genommer: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Numbered_organic_molecule.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Numbered_organic_molecule.png" decoding="async" width="1000" height="362" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="295" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Volg nou die bogenoemde stappe: </p> <ol><li>Die moederkoolwaterstofketting het 23 koolstowwe. Dit word <b>trikosa</b>- genoem.</li> <li>Die funksionele groepe met die hoogste voorrang is die twee <a href="/wiki/Ketoon" title="Ketoon">ketoongroepe</a> (nommers <span style="color:red">24 en 25</span>). <ol><li>Die groepe is op koolstofatome 3 en 9. Aangesien daar twee is, skryf ons <span style="color:red">3,9-dioon</span>.</li> <li>Die nommering van die molekule is gebaseer op die ketoongroepe. As ons van links na regs nommer is die ketoongroepe nommers 3 en 9. Wanneer ons van regs na links nommer, is die ketoongroepe nommers 15 en 21. 3 is minder as 15, daarom is die ketone 3 en 9. Die kleiner nommers word altyd gebruik.</li></ol></li> <li>Die sykettings is: 'n <span style="color:blue">etiel-</span> aan koolstof 4, <span style="color:blue">etiel-</span> aan koolstof 8 en 'n <span style="color:blue">butiel-</span> aan koolstof 12.<br /> Opmerking: Die -O-CH<sub>3</sub> aan koolstofatoom 15 is nie 'n syketting nie, maar wel 'n metoksie funksionele groep. <ul><li>Daar is twee <span style="color:blue">etielgroepe</span>. Hulle word gekombineer om <span style="color:blue">4,8-diëtiel</span> te skep.</li> <li>Die sykettings is so gegroepeer: <span style="color:blue">12-butiel</span>-<span style="color:blue">4,8-diëtiel</span>. (Maar dit is nie noodwendig die finale groepering nie, want daar kan tussentyd funksionele groepe bygevoeg word om te verseker dat alle groepe alfabeties gelys word.)</li></ul></li> <li>Die sekondêre funksionele groepe is: 'n hidroksie- aan koolstof 5, 'n <span style="color:green">chloor-</span> aan koolstof 11, 'n <span style="color:purple">metoksie-</span> aan koolstof 15 en 'n <span style="color:green">broom-</span> aan koolstof 18. Gegroepeer met die sykettings gee dit <span style="color:green">18-broom</span>-<span style="color:blue">12-butiel</span>-<span style="color:green">11-chloor</span>-<span style="color:blue">4,8-diëtiel</span>-5-hidroksie-<span style="color:purple">15-metoksie</span>.</li> <li>Daar is twee dubbele verbindings: een tussen koolstof 6 en 7, en een tussen koolstof 13 en 14 en dit sal <span style="color:brown">6,13-dieen</span> genoem word. Daar is een drievoudige verbinding tussen koolstofatome 19 en 20. Dit word 19-yn genoem.</li> <li>Die rangskikking (met leestekens) is: <span style="color:green">18-broom</span>-<span style="color:blue">12-butiel</span>-<span style="color:green">11-chloor</span>-<span style="color:blue">4,8-diëtiel</span>-5-hidroksie-<span style="color:purple">15-metoksie</span><b>trikosa</b>-<span style="color:brown">6,13-dieen</span>-19-yn-<span style="color:red">3,9-dioon</span></li> <li>Ten slotte, as gevolg van die moontlike cis-trans-<a href="/wiki/Isomeer" title="Isomeer">isomere</a>, moet ons die relatiewe oriëntasie van funksionele groepe rondom elke dubbelbinding spesifiseer. Vir hierdie voorbeeld het ons (6<i>E</i>,13<i>E</i>)</li></ol> <p>Die finale naam is dus: </p> <pre>(6<i>E</i>,13<i>E</i>)-<span style="color:green">18-broom</span>-<span style="color:blue">12-butiel</span>-<span style="color:green">11-chloor</span>-<span style="color:blue">4,8-diëtiel</span>-5-hidroksie-<span style="color:purple">15-metoksie</span><b>trikosa</b>-<span style="color:brown">6,13-dieen</span>-19-yn-<span style="color:red">3,9-dioon</span>. </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kyk_ook">Kyk ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Kyk ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Kyk ook"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areensubstitusiepatrone" title="Areensubstitusiepatrone">Areensubstitusiepatrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geminaal" title="Geminaal">Geminaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligand" title="Ligand">Ligand</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Butterworths-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Butterworths_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFThe_Commission_on_the_Nomenclature_of_Organic_Chemistry1971" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">The Commission on the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (1971) [1958 (A: Hydrocarbons, and B: Fundamental Heterocyclic Systems), 1965 (C: Characteristic Groups)]. <i>Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry</i> (in Engels) (3de uitg.). London: Butterworths. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-408-70144-7" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-408-70144-7"><bdi>0-408-70144-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nomenclature+of+Organic+Chemistry&rft.place=London&rft.edition=3de&rft.pub=Butterworths&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-408-70144-7&rft.au=The+Commission+on+the+Nomenclature+of+Organic+Chemistry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AOrganiese+nomenklatuur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PubChem-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PubChem_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFPubChem" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">PubChem. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/340508396">"Cholesterol"</a>. <i>PubChem</i> (in Engels)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Oktober</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PubChem&rft.atitle=Cholesterol&rft.au=PubChem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsubstance%2F340508396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AOrganiese+nomenklatuur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-March-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-March_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMarchSmith2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">March, Jerry; Smith, Michael B. (2007). <i>March's advanced organic chemistry : reactions, mechanisms, and structure</i> (in Engels) (6 uitg.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-471-72091-1" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-471-72091-1"><bdi>978-0-471-72091-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/69020965">69020965</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=March%27s+advanced+organic+chemistry+%3A+reactions%2C+mechanisms%2C+and+structure&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+NJ&rft.edition=6&rft.pub=Wiley-Interscience&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F69020965&rft.isbn=978-0-471-72091-1&rft.aulast=March&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft.au=Smith%2C+Michael+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AOrganiese+nomenklatuur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUSTC-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-IUSTC_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFCrossKlyne1974" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cross, L.C; Klyne, W. (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160407110019/http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1976/pdf/4501x0011.pdf"><i>Rules for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: Section E: Stereochemistry (Recommendations 1974)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Engels). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-08-021019-3" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-08-021019-3"><bdi>978-0-08-021019-3</bdi></a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1976/pdf/4501x0011.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> op 7 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rules+for+the+Nomenclature+of+Organic+Chemistry%3A+Section+E%3A+Stereochemistry+%28Recommendations+1974%29&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-08-021019-3&rft.aulast=Cross&rft.aufirst=L.C&rft.au=Klyne%2C+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iupac.org%2Fpublications%2Fpac%2F1976%2Fpdf%2F4501x0011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AOrganiese+nomenklatuur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunt-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hunt_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFHunt" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hunt, Ian R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/orgnom/ethers/ethers-01.html">"Ethers"</a>. <i>Chemistry</i> (in Engels)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">8 Oktober</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chemistry&rft.atitle=Ethers&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Ian+R&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chem.ucalgary.ca%2Fcourses%2F351%2Forgnom%2Fethers%2Fethers-01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AOrganiese+nomenklatuur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&oldid=2492827">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organiese_nomenklatuur&oldid=2492827</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Kategorie%C3%AB" title="Spesiaal:Kategorieë">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Organiese_chemie" title="Kategorie:Organiese chemie">Organiese chemie</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Versteekte kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-bronne_in_Engels_(en)" title="Kategorie:AS1-bronne in Engels (en)">AS1-bronne in Engels (en)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Die bladsy is laas op 12 April 2022 om 17:22 bygewerk.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Die teks is beskikbaar onder die lisensie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Erkenning-Insgelyks Deel</a>. 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