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title="شه‌ما به‌ته‌ر هـأسـه که سـیـسـتـه‌م ده‌لـه بـیـه‌ئی، هـرچـأن زوری نـیـه [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>دله بموئن</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="گزینه‌های بیشتر" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="مه ابزار" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">مه ابزار</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="منوی کاربری" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_mzn.wikipedia.org&uselang=mzn"><span>پول هدائن</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>مشارکت</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C&returnto=%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9+%D8%A7%D9%81.+%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="شِما ره پیشنهاد کامبی که اتا کاروری حیساب بسازین و لاگین بَواشین؛ البته این کار اختیاری هسته."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>عضو بیّن</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87&returnto=%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9+%D8%A7%D9%81.+%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="شه‌ما به‌ته‌ر هـأسـه که سـیـسـتـه‌م ده‌لـه بـیـه‌ئی، هـرچـأن زوری نـیـه [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>دله بموئن</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> صفحه‌هایی برای ویرایشگرانی که از سامانه خارج شدند <a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%87" aria-label="دربارهٔ ویرایش‌کردن بیشتر بدانید"><span>بیشتر بدانید</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7:%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB_%D9%85%D9%86" title="بحث پیرامون ویرایش‌های این نشانی آی‌پی [n]" accesskey="n"><span>گپ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="وبگاه"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="فهرست" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">فهرست</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">انتقال به نوار کناری</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">پٮتی</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">لید</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-منابع" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#منابع"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۱</span> <span>منابع</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-منابع-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="فهرست" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="تغییر وضعیت فهرست محتویات" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">تغییر وضعیت فهرست محتویات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">اریک اف. ویشاوس</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="به مقاله‌ای به یک زبان دیگر بروید. به ۴۵ زبان در دسترس است." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">۴۵ زوون</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="إريك فيشاوس–عربی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إريك فيشاوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="إريك فيشاوس–عربی مصری" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="إريك فيشاوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="عربی مصری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B3" title="اریک فرانسیس ویشوس–South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اریک فرانسیس ویشوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%92%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81" title="Эрык Вішаус–بلاروسی" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эрык Вішаус" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بلاروسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AB_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="এরিক এফ উইস্কাস–بنگالی" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এরিক এফ উইস্কাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Frank_Wieschaus" title="Eric Frank Wieschaus–کاتالونی" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Eric Frank Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کاتالونی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ئیریک فیشاوس–میونی کوردی" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیریک فیشاوس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="میونی کوردی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus–چکی" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Eric F. Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Wieschaus" title="Eric Wieschaus–آلمانی" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Eric Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="آلمانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus–انگلیسی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Eric F. Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگلیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Wieschaus" title="Eric Wieschaus–ایسپانیولی" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Eric Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ایسپانیولی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Wieschaus" title="Eric Wieschaus–استونیایی" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eric Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="استونیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Wieschaus" title="Eric Wieschaus–باسکی" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eric Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B3" title="اریک فرانسیس ویشوس–فارسی" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اریک فرانسیس ویشوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Wieschaus" title="Eric Wieschaus–فینیش" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eric Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینیش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus–فرانسوی" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Eric F. Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Francis_Wieschaus" title="Eric Francis Wieschaus–ایریش" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eric Francis Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ایریش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%A4._%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1" title="אריק פ. וישהאוס–عبری" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אריק פ. וישהאוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus–کرواتی" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Eric F. Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="کرواتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus–مجاری" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Eric F. Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="مجاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Wieschaus" title="Eric Wieschaus–اندونزیایی" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Eric Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="اندونزیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Frank_Wieschaus" title="Eric Frank Wieschaus–ایدو" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Eric Frank Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ایدو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Wieschaus" title="Eric Wieschaus–ایتالیایی" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eric Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ایتالیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9" title="エリック・ヴィーシャウス–جاپونی" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エリック・ヴィーシャウス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپونی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81" title="Эрик Вишаус–قزاقی" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эрик Вишаус" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قزاقی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A6%AD_F._%EC%9C%84%EC%83%A4%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="에릭 F. 위샤우스–کُره‌یی" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에릭 F. 위샤우스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کُره‌یی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ericus_F._Wieschaus" title="Ericus F. Wieschaus–لاتین" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ericus F. Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاتین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus–مالایی" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Eric F. Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="مالایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Frank_Wieschaus" title="Eric Frank Wieschaus–پایین آلمانی" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Eric Frank Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="پایین آلمانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus–هلندی" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Eric F. Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هلندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus–نروژی بوکمال" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eric F. Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نروژی بوکمال" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus–اکسیتان" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Eric F. Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="اکسیتان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus–لهستونی" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Eric F. Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="لهستونی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ایرک ویچاس–پنجابی" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایرک ویچاس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="پنجابی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Wieschaus" title="Eric Wieschaus–پرتغالی" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eric Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پرتغالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Вишаус, Эрик–روسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вишаус, Эрик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus–انگلیسی ساده" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Eric F. Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="انگلیسی ساده" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus–سوئدی" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Eric F. Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سوئدی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Wieschaus" title="Eric Wieschaus–سواحیلی" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Eric Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="سواحیلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="எரிக் பிரான்சிசு வைசாசு–تامیلی" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எரிக் பிரான்சிசு வைசாசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامیلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus–ترکی" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eric F. Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%92%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81" title="Ерік Вішаус–اوکراینی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ерік Вішаус" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="اوکراینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%81._%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ارک ایف. وسچاوس–اردو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ارک ایف. وسچاوس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="اردو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus–یوروبا" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Eric F. Wieschaus" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="یوروبا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E7%91%9E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%96%AC%E6%96%AF" title="艾瑞克·威斯喬斯–چینی" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="艾瑞克·威斯喬斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q301438#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="میون‌ویکی ِلینکون ِدَچی‌ین" class="wbc-editpage">لینکون ِدچی‌ین</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="فضایِ نوم"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ویکی‌پدیا، آزادِ دانشنومه، جه</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="mzn" dir="rtl"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r169520">.mw-parser-output div.infobox_v3b,.mw-parser-output .mainTable{padding:0px;width:25em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;clear:left;float:left;font-size:0.9em;line-height:1.4;margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;max-width:325px;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .secTable{border-radius:unset;color:inherit;margin:unset!important;border:unset}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b .entete{display:table;height:45px;width:100%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;font-size:1.4em;line-height:1.1;margin-bottom:10px;background-color:#dfedff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3b 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.entete.sautski{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Ski_jumping_pictogram.svg/40px-Ski_jumping_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.science-fiction{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Picto_infobox_fliyingsaucer.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.serie-video{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Logo_television_blanc.png")no-repeat top right;background-size:45px 45px}.mw-parser-output .entete.ski-alpin{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Alpine_skiing_pictogram.svg/40px-Alpine_skiing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.snooker{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cue_sports_pictogram.svg/40px-Cue_sports_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.software{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Picto_infobox_software.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.sport{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Picto_infobox_Olympic.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.sport-automobile{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Picto_infobox_sport_auto.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.squash{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Squash_pictogram.svg/35px-Squash_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.stadium{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Stadium.svg/40px-Stadium.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.starwars{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Star_Wars_Infobox_Pictogram.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.surf{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Surfing_pictogram.svg/35px-Surfing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.taekwondo{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Taekwondo_pictogram.svg/40px-Taekwondo_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.television{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Picto_infobox_TV-T%26PC.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.templiers{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Picto_infobox_Templiers.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.tennis{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tennis_pictogram_white.svg/35px-Tennis_pictogram_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.tennis-de-table{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Table_tennis_pictogram_white.svg/40px-Table_tennis_pictogram_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.tennis-de-tableblack{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Table_tennis_pictogram.svg/35px-Table_tennis_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.timbre{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Picto_infobox_Stamps.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.train{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Infobox_train.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.triathlon{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Triathlon_pictogram.svg/40px-Triathlon_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.ultimate{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ultimate_pictogram.svg/70px-Ultimate_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.union-europeenne{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Picto_Infobox_Europe.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.video{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Tango-video-x-generic.png/35px-Tango-video-x-generic.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.voile{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/40px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.volleyball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Volleyball_%28indoor%29_pictogram.svg/35px-Volleyball_%28indoor%29_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.water-polo{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Water_polo_pictogram.svg/40px-Water_polo_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}</style><table class="infobox_v3b mainTable infobox"><tbody><tr><td style="justify-content:center;display:flex;flex-direction:row;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap"><div class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#A7E8B6;color:#000000"><div>اریک اف. ویشاوس</div></div><div style="border:unset;padding:unset"><div class="images" style="padding:2px 0"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:Eric_F._Wieschaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Eric_F._Wieschaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="143" data-file-height="163" /></a></span></div></div><table><caption style="display:table-caption;background-color:#E1E1E1;text-align:center;color:#000000">شخصی معلومات</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">بزا-روز</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p569"><time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1947-06-08" data-sort-value="1947-06-08"><a href="/wiki/8_%DA%98%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%86" class="mw-redirect" title="8 ژوئن">8 ژوئن</a> <a href="/wiki/1947" class="mw-redirect" title="1947">1947</a></time><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301438?uselang=mzn#P569" title="ویکی دیتا دله ونه دیتائون ره هارشین"><img alt="ویکی دیتا دله ونه دیتائون ره هارشین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> <span class="noprint">(77 سال)</span><br /><span class="wd_p19"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7)" title="ساوت بند (ایندیانا)">ساوت بند</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301438?uselang=mzn#P19" title="ویکی دیتا دله ونه دیتائون ره هارشین"><img alt="ویکی دیتا دله ونه دیتائون ره هارشین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">ملیت</th><td class=""><div> <a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="آمریکای متحده ایالات">متحده ایالات آمریکا</a> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301438?uselang=mzn#P27" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">مدرسه</th><td class=""><div> <ul><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q49112" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q49112"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">دانشگاه ییل</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49112?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> </li><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q178848" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q178848"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">دانشگاه نوتردام</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178848?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> </li><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6225304" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q6225304"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">John Carroll Catholic High School</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6225304?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301438?uselang=mzn#P69" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">گپ‌بزن زوون</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p1412"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="اینگلیسی زوون">انگلیسی</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:0.5em"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301438#P1412" title="ویکی‌دیتایِ پارامترون ره هارشی‌ین"><img alt="ویکی‌دیتایِ پارامترون ره هارشی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">پیشه‌ئون</th><td class=""><div> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q864503" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q864503"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">زیست‌شناس</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864503?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3126128" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q3126128"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">نسل‌شناس</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3126128?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q121594" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q121594"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">استاد</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121594?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301438?uselang=mzn#P106" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="display:table-caption;background-color:#E1E1E1;text-align:center;color:#000000">دیگر معلومات</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">کارفرما</th><td class=""><div> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q21578" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q21578"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">دانشگاه پرینستون</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21578?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-59614f317365de6c22da88216eb07f8a21f040b0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59614f317365de6c22da88216eb07f8a21f040b0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B8%DB%B1" title="۱۹۸۱">۱۹۸۱</a> – )</small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q168751" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q168751"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">دانشگاه دوک</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168751?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301438?uselang=mzn#P108" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">دین</th><td class=""><div> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1841" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1841"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">کاتولیک</span></a> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301438?uselang=mzn#P140" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">عضو</th><td class=""><div> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q270794" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q270794"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">آکادمی ملی علوم</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270794?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q63315195" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q63315195"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63315195?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q463303" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q463303"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">فرهنگستان هنر و دانش آمریکا</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463303?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1376791" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1376791"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">European Molecular Biology Organization</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376791?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q466089" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q466089"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">مجمع فیلسوفان آمریکا</span></a> <sup>(fa)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466089?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-757e4753c6072dfb329049414d9ad07e4b153b5d_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-757e4753c6072dfb329049414d9ad07e4b153b5d-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301438?uselang=mzn#P463" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">جوایز</th><td class=""><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"><div><div class="nomobile" style="text-align:right;border: none; padding: 0; background:none; font-size: 75%;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Incomplete_list.svg/20px-Incomplete_list.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Incomplete_list.svg/30px-Incomplete_list.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Incomplete_list.svg/40px-Incomplete_list.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span> لیست…</div></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8000166" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q8000166"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Wilbur Cross Medal</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8000166?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-6fba94356ddb46a18632f884a5fc6a869765fa34_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6fba94356ddb46a18632f884a5fc6a869765fa34-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B0%DB%B5" title="۲۰۰۵">۲۰۰۵</a>)</small></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1738081" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1738081"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Keith R. Porter Lecture</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1738081?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B0%DB%B2" title="۲۰۰۲">۲۰۰۲</a>)</small></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q63638576" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q63638576"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Mendel Medal</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63638576?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-d9c952e8d365c29bed52a6cacf88b87713c881e4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d9c952e8d365c29bed52a6cacf88b87713c881e4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B9%DB%B9" title="۱۹۹۹">۱۹۹۹</a>)</small></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q980337" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q980337"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Genetics Society of America Medal</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980337?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B9%DB%B5" title="۱۹۹۵">۱۹۹۵</a>)</small></li><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/45px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87" title="نوبل طبابت جایزه">نوبل طبابت جایزه</a><sup id="cite_ref-ae00e98093947cc09409efd78ddd8170279ccac1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ae00e98093947cc09409efd78ddd8170279ccac1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fb2fbb921aa7acc933f1838d6e080d48c985745e_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fb2fbb921aa7acc933f1838d6e080d48c985745e-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B9%DB%B5" title="۱۹۹۵">۱۹۹۵</a>)</small></li><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/D-PRU_Pour_le_Merite_1_BAR.svg/30px-D-PRU_Pour_le_Merite_1_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/D-PRU_Pour_le_Merite_1_BAR.svg/45px-D-PRU_Pour_le_Merite_1_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/D-PRU_Pour_le_Merite_1_BAR.svg/60px-D-PRU_Pour_le_Merite_1_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></span></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15056034" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q15056034"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts order</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15056034?uselang=mzn" title="ترجمه"><img alt="ترجمه" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301438?uselang=mzn#P166" title="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین"><img alt="ونه پارامتر ره Wikidata دله دچی‌ین" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar noprint bordered" style="display:block;flex:auto;border-top:2px dotted #A7E8B6"><span class="plainlinks" style="background:inherit;text-align:right;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D9%81._%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3&veaction=edit&section=0">دچی‌ین</a> - <a class="external text" href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D9%81._%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3&action=edit&section=0">کد دچی‌ین</a> - <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q301438" class="extiw" title="d:Q301438">آیتم دچی‌ین</a></span><span style="text-align:left;float:left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86:%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%AE/%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5" title="شابلون خَوِری"><img alt="شابلون خَوِری" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/30px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/45px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/60px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>اریک اف. ویشاوس</b> اتا <a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="آمریکای متحده ایالات">آمریکای متحده ایالات</a> دوکتور بی‌یه. وه سال <a href="/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B9%DB%B5" title="۱۹۹۵">۱۹۹۵</a> میلادی، کنترل ژنتیکی کشف وسّه، <a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87" title="نوبل طبابت جایزه">نوبل طبابت جایزه</a> ره بیته. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="منابع"><span id=".D9.85.D9.86.D8.A7.D8.A8.D8.B9"></span>منابع</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D9%81._%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3&action=edit&section=1" title="تیکه: منابع ره دچی‌ین"><span>دچی‌ین</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>ویکی‌پدیای کارزنون، «<a class="external text" href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C&oldid=38929213">فهرست برندگان جایزه نوبل فیزیولوژی و پزشکی</a>»، فارسی ویکی‌پدیا، آزاد دانشنومه، دله. (هارشی‌یه بَیی ۳۱ مه ۲۰۲۴).</li> <li><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1995">“The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1995”</a>. Nobelprize.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 1 June 2024</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Medicine+1995&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Nobelprize.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1995&rfr_id=info:sid/fa.wikipedia.org:%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D9%81._%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="reflist references-small" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-59614f317365de6c22da88216eb07f8a21f040b0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59614f317365de6c22da88216eb07f8a21f040b0_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r181738">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pub.orcid.org/v3.0/0000-0002-0727-3349/employment/9715923">"<span style="color:#5f9cbb;">ORCID Public Data File 2023</span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/%DB%B2%DB%B7_%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="۲۷ سپتامبر">۲۷ سپتامبر</a> <a href="/wiki/%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B3" title="۲۰۲۳">۲۰۲۳</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <a href="/w/index.php?title=10_November&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10 November (این صفحه دَنی‌یه)">10 November</a> <a href="/wiki/2023" class="mw-redirect" title="2023">2023</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+style%3D%22color%3A%235f9cbb%3B%22%3EORCID+Public+Data+File+2023%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpub.orcid.org%2Fv3.0%2F0000-0002-0727-3349%2Femployment%2F9715923&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmzn.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9+%D8%A7%D9%81.+%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86:Cite_web" title="شابلون:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|access-date=</code> و <code class="cs1-code">|date=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="رانما:CS1 errors (این صفحه دَنی‌یه)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-757e4753c6072dfb329049414d9ad07e4b153b5d-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-757e4753c6072dfb329049414d9ad07e4b153b5d_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ونه نوم اینجه بمو: <i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1373513" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1373513"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">ان‌ان‌دی‌بی</span></a></i>. اثر یا نومِ زوون: انگلیسی.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6fba94356ddb46a18632f884a5fc6a869765fa34-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6fba94356ddb46a18632f884a5fc6a869765fa34_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">نشانی اینترنتی: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://gsas.yale.edu/documents/wilbur-cross-medalists-1966-2023-year">https://gsas.yale.edu/documents/wilbur-cross-medalists-1966-2023-year</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-d9c952e8d365c29bed52a6cacf88b87713c881e4-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-d9c952e8d365c29bed52a6cacf88b87713c881e4_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">نشانی اینترنتی: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://genetics.org.uk/medals-and-prizes/genetics-society-medals-and-lectures/mendel-medal/">https://genetics.org.uk/medals-and-prizes/genetics-society-medals-and-lectures/mendel-medal/</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ae00e98093947cc09409efd78ddd8170279ccac1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ae00e98093947cc09409efd78ddd8170279ccac1_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r181738"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1995/summary/">"<span lang="en">The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995</span>"</a>. <i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23684016" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q23684016"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">nobelprize.org</span></a></i> (<a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="اینگلیسی زوون">انگلیسی</a> جه). بنیاد نوبل<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <a href="/w/index.php?title=30_January&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="30 January (این صفحه دَنی‌یه)">30 January</a> <a href="/wiki/2021" class="mw-redirect" title="2021">2021</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%3Cspan+style%3D%22color%3A%235f9cbb%3B%22%3Enobelprize.org%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.atitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3EThe+Nobel+Prize+in+Physiology+or+Medicine+1995%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fmedicine%2F1995%2Fsummary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmzn.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9+%D8%A7%D9%81.+%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86:Cite_web" title="شابلون:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|access-date=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="رانما:CS1 errors (این صفحه دَنی‌یه)">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">نگهداری یادکرد:زبان ناشناخته (<a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF:%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%87" title="رج:نگهداری یادکرد:زبان ناشناخته">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fb2fbb921aa7acc933f1838d6e080d48c985745e-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-fb2fbb921aa7acc933f1838d6e080d48c985745e_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r181738"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2019/04/prize-amounts-2020.pdf">"<span lang="en">Table showing prize amounts</span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (<a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="اینگلیسی زوون">انگلیسی</a> جه). <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1781959" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1781959"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">بنیاد نوبل</span></a>. <a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84_%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B9" title="آوریل ۲۰۱۹">آوریل ۲۰۱۹</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <a href="/w/index.php?title=30_January&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="30 January (این صفحه دَنی‌یه)">30 January</a> <a href="/wiki/2021" class="mw-redirect" title="2021">2021</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3ETable+showing+prize+amounts%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.pub=%3Cspan+style%3D%22color%3A%235f9cbb%3B%22%3E%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F04%2Fprize-amounts-2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmzn.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9+%D8%A7%D9%81.+%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86:Cite_web" title="شابلون:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|access-date=</code> و <code class="cs1-code">|date=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="رانما:CS1 errors (این صفحه دَنی‌یه)">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">نگهداری یادکرد:زبان ناشناخته (<a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC:%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF:%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%87" title="رج:نگهداری یادکرد:زبان ناشناخته">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=اریک_اف._ویشاوس&oldid=195878">https://mzn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=اریک_اف._ویشاوس&oldid=195878</a>" جه بیته 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