VIMOS | ESO

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# fb: http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/","20210419162300","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1618849380"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <base target="_top"/> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow"/> <meta name="author" content="information@eso.org"/> <meta name="description" content="ESO, European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere"/> <meta name="keywords" content="ESO, eso.org, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Astronomie, Suedsternwarte, telescopes, detectors, comets, planets, stars, galaxies, nebulae, universe, NTT, VLT, VLTI, ALMA, ELT, La Silla, Paranal, Garching, Chile"/> <link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="x-default"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/australia/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="en-au"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/unitedkingdom/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="en-gb"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/ireland/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="en-ie"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/usa/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="en-us"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/albania/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="sq"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/czechrepublic/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="cs"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/denmark/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="da"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/netherlands/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="nl"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-nl/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="nl-be"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/finland/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="fi"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/france/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="fr"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-fr/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="fr-be"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-fr/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="fr-ch"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/germany/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="de"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/austria/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="de-at"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-de/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="de-be"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-de/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="de-ch"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/greece/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="el"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/hungary/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="hu"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/iceland/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="is"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/italy/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="it"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-it/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="it-ch"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/norway/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="nb"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/poland/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="pl"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/brazil/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="pt-br"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/portugal/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="pt"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/russia/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="ru"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/spain/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="es"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/chile/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="es-cl"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/serbia/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="sr-latn"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/sweden/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="sv"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/turkey/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="tr"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/ukraine/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" hreflang="uk"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/favicon.ico"/> <title>VIMOS | ESO</title> <link href="/web/20210419162300cs_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/css/main.309790640f56.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/http://feeds.feedburner.com/EsoTopNews" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESO Top News"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/http://feeds.feedburner.com/EsoAnnouncements" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESO Announcements"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/http://feeds.feedburner.com/ESOcast" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESOCast"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://recruitment.eso.org/jobs.rss" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Jobs@ESO"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/blog/feed/" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESOblog"/>  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@ESO"/> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@ESO"/>  <script type="text/javascript"> var _paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="/mtmo/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '1']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.defer=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  <meta property="og:title" content="VIMOS"/> <meta property="og:description" content="While VIMOS excels at taking spectra of hundreds of distant galaxies, it can also observe nearby galaxies. Given that these galaxies appear much bigger on the sky, taking a spectrum along a narrow slit is not enough, as most of the light the galaxy would fall outside the slit. To solve this, VIMOS has an integral field unit mode (IFU), which allows spectra to be taken in two dimensions. For each pixel on the galaxy, the IFU mode gives us a full spectrum."/> <meta name="description" content="While VIMOS excels at taking spectra of hundreds of distant galaxies, it can also observe nearby galaxies. Given that these galaxies appear much bigger on the sky, taking a spectrum along a narrow slit is not enough, as most of the light the galaxy would fall outside the slit. To solve this, VIMOS has an integral field unit mode (IFU), which allows spectra to be taken in two dimensions. For each pixel on the galaxy, the IFU mode gives us a full spectrum."/> </head> <body> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="8k1wkmvsRnGaMdfhtg6uJNE9ylUN8U3177yLz4kr8gNfw3O7zptf26GYHt3DSliJ"/> <div id="privacy-notice" style="display: none"> <p> By continuing to use this website, you are giving consent to our use of cookies.<br> For more information on how ESO uses data and how you can disable cookies, please view <a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/"> our privacy policy</a>. </p> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="accept_privacy_notice()"> Accept </button> <script> // Display the privacy cookie if the cookie is not set if (!has_privacy_cookie()) { document.getElementById('privacy-notice').style.display = 'block' } function has_privacy_cookie() { return document.cookie.split(';').filter(function(item) { return item.indexOf('privacy_notice_accepted=True') >= 0 }).length > 0 } function accept_privacy_notice() { let data = { LANGUAGE_CODE: 'en' } let csrftoken = getCookie('csrftoken'); let headers = new Headers(); headers.append('Content-Type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8'); headers.append('X-CSRFToken', csrftoken); fetch('/public/accept-privacy-notice/', { method: 'post', headers: headers, credentials: 'include', body: JSON.stringify(data) }).then( document.getElementById('privacy-notice').style.display = 'none' ) } function getCookie(name) { var cookieValue = null; if (document.cookie && document.cookie !== '') { var cookies = document.cookie.split(';'); for (var i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) { var cookie = jQuery.trim(cookies[i]); // Does this cookie string begin with the name we want? if (cookie.substring(0, name.length + 1) == (name + '=')) { cookieValue = decodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(name.length + 1)); break; } } } return cookieValue; } </script> </div> <nav class="navbar-general-wrapper" role="navigation"> <div class="navbar-general"> <div class="minilogo"> <a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/"> <div class="sprites-esologo-23-30" title="European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere"></div> </a> </div> <div id="select-language"> <div class="flags"> <div title="Austria" class="sprites-flag_at"></div> <div title="Belgium" class="sprites-flag_be"></div> <div title="Czech Republic" class="sprites-flag_cz"></div> <div title="Denmark" class="sprites-flag_da"></div> <div title="Finland" class="sprites-flag_fi"></div> <div title="France" class="sprites-flag_fr"></div> <div title="Germany" class="sprites-flag_de"></div> <div title="Ireland" class="sprites-flag_ie"></div> <div title="Italy" class="sprites-flag_it"></div> <div title="Netherlands" class="sprites-flag_nl"></div> <div title="Poland" class="sprites-flag_pl"></div> <div title="Portugal" class="sprites-flag_pt"></div> <div title="Spain" class="sprites-flag_es"></div> <div title="Sweden" class="sprites-flag_sv"></div> <div title="Switzerland" class="sprites-flag_ch"></div> <div title="UK" class="sprites-flag_gb"></div> <div style="margin-left: 8px" title="Chile" class="sprites-flag_cl"></div> </div> <div class="languages"> <div class="language-button"> <span class="language-text">Select Language (en)</span> <div class="language-flag"><div title="en" class="flag sprites-flag_gb"> </div><span> (en)</span></div> <span class="caret"></span> </div> <ul class="languages-dropdown" role="menu"> <li class="language selected"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="International English" class="flag sprites-flag_en"> </div>International English</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/denmark/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Dansk" class="flag sprites-flag_da"> </div>Dansk</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/germany/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Deutsch" class="flag sprites-flag_de"> </div>Deutsch</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-de/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Deutsch (Belgien)" class="flag sprites-flag_be"> </div>Deutsch (Belgien)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-de/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Deutsch (Schweiz)" class="flag sprites-flag_ch"> </div>Deutsch (Schweiz)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/austria/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Deutsch (Österreich)" class="flag sprites-flag_at"> </div>Deutsch (Österreich)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/australia/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="English (Australia)" class="flag sprites-flag_au"> </div>English (Australia)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/ireland/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="English (Ireland)" class="flag sprites-flag_ie"> </div>English (Ireland)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/unitedkingdom/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="English (UK)" class="flag sprites-flag_gb"> </div>English (UK)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/usa/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="English (USA)" class="flag sprites-flag_us"> </div>English (USA)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/spain/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Español" class="flag sprites-flag_es"> </div>Español</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/chile/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Español (Chile)" class="flag sprites-flag_cl"> </div>Español (Chile)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/france/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Français" class="flag sprites-flag_fr"> </div>Français</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-fr/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Français (Belgique)" class="flag sprites-flag_be"> </div>Français (Belgique)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-fr/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Français (Suisse)" class="flag sprites-flag_ch"> </div>Français (Suisse)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/italy/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Italiano" class="flag sprites-flag_it"> </div>Italiano</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-it/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Italiano (Svizzera)" class="flag sprites-flag_ch"> </div>Italiano (Svizzera)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/hungary/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Magyarország" class="flag sprites-flag_hu"> </div>Magyarország</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/netherlands/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Nederlands" class="flag sprites-flag_nl"> </div>Nederlands</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-nl/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Nederlands (België)" class="flag sprites-flag_be"> </div>Nederlands (België)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/norway/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Norsk" class="flag sprites-flag_nb"> </div>Norsk</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/poland/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Polski" class="flag sprites-flag_pl"> </div>Polski</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/portugal/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Português" class="flag sprites-flag_pt"> </div>Português</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/brazil/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Português (Brasil)" class="flag sprites-flag_br"> </div>Português (Brasil)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/albania/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Shqip" class="flag sprites-flag_sq"> </div>Shqip</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/serbia/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Srpski" class="flag sprites-flag_sr-latn"> </div>Srpski</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/finland/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Suomi" class="flag sprites-flag_fi"> </div>Suomi</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/sweden/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Svenska" class="flag sprites-flag_sv"> </div>Svenska</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/turkey/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Türkçe" class="flag sprites-flag_tr"> </div>Türkçe</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/iceland/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Íslenska" class="flag sprites-flag_is"> </div>Íslenska</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/czechrepublic/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Česky" class="flag sprites-flag_cs"> </div>Česky</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/russia/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="Русский" class="flag sprites-flag_ru"> </div>Русский</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/ukraine/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/?lang"><div title="українська" class="flag sprites-flag_uk"> </div>українська</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="sections"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/sci.html">Science</a> <a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/UserPortal/">User Portal</a> </div> <div class="searchbox"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" id="searchbox-button"> <span class="fa fa-search"></span> </button> <div id="searchbox-dropdown"> <form action="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/search/" method="get" class="form-inline" role="search"> <div class="form-group"> <div class="input-group"> <input type="text" value="" placeholder="Search..." name="q" class="form-control"> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn btn-default" type="submit"><span class="fa fa-search"></span></button> </span> </div>   </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="links"> <a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/esonews/">Subscribe</a> <a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/">Contact</a> <a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/sitemap/">Site Map</a> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="main-menu-wrapper" role="navigation"> <div class="main-menu"> <div class="mobile-menu clearfix"> <button class="menu-trigger"><span class="fa fa-navicon"></span> Open Menu</button> </div> <ul class="level0 mainmenu-aim"> <li><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/">About<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-2" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/esoglance/"> ESO, the European Southern Observatory </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/organisation/"> Organisation </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/"> Director General <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-5" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/previous-dg/"> List of Directors General <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-6" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/xbarcons/"> Prof. Xavier Barcons </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/tdezeeuw/"> Prof. T. de Zeeuw </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/ccesarsk/"> Dr. C. Cesarsky </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/rgiacconi/"> Prof. R. Giacconi </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/hvanderlaan/"> Prof. H. van der Laan </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/lwoltjer/"> Prof. L. Woltjer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/ablaauw/"> Prof. A. Blaauw </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/otto-heckmann/"> Prof. O. Heckmann </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/committees.html"> ESO's Governing Bodies </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/"> Member States <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-16" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/austrianinvolvement/"> Austria </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/belgianinvolvement/"> Belgium </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/czechinvolvement/"> Czech Republic </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/danishinvolvement/"> Denmark </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/finnishinvolvement/"> Finland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/frenchinvolvement/"> France </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/germaninvolvement/"> Germany </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/irishinvolvement/"> Ireland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/italianinvolvement/"> Italy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/"> Netherlands </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/polishinvolvement/"> Poland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/portugueseinvolvement/"> Portugal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/spanishinvolvement/"> Spain </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/swedishinvolvement/"> Sweden </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/swissinvolvement/"> Switzerland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/britishinvolvement/"> United Kingdom </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/"> Travel and Contacts <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-33" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/garching/"> Travel to ESO Headquarters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/vitacura/"> Travel to Vitacura Office </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/guesthouse/"> Travel to Guesthouse </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/lasilla/"> Travel to La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/laserena/"> Travel to La Serena </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/paranal/"> Travel to Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/antofagasta/"> Travel to Antofagasta </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/apexsequitor/"> Travel to APEX/Sequitor </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/chajnantor/"> Travel to Chajnantor </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/elt/"> Travel to ELT Armazones </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/"> Visits to ESO Sites <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-44" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/paranal/"> Weekend visits to Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/lasilla/"> Weekend Visits to La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/alma/"> Public Visits to the ALMA OSF </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/pressmedia/mediavisits/"> Media Visits </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/societal-benefits/"> ESO and Society </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/eso-and-chile/"> ESO & Chile </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/architecture/"> Architecture at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/collaborations/"> Collaborations with ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/acronyms/"> ESO Acronyms </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/timeline/"> Timeline </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/green/"> Green ESO </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/"> Frequently Asked Questions <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-56" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-eso/"> ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-vlt-paranal/"> VLT/Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-apex-alma/"> APEX/ALMA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-survey-telescopes/"> Survey Telescopes </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://elt.eso.org/about/faq/"> ELT </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/privileges_and_immunities/"> Privileges and Immunities </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-eso-australia/"> ESO & Australia </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/"> Dark skies preservation </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/"> Terms and Conditions </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/">Images<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-66" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/search/"> Advanced Search </a></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Categories <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-68" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/360pano/ "> 360 Panorama </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/alma/"> ALMA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/apex/"> APEX </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/chile/"> Chile </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/cosmology/"> Cosmology </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/eso-supernova/"> ESO Supernova </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/exoplanets/"> Exoplanets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/fulldome/"> Fulldome </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/galaxies/"> Galaxies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/galaxyclusters/"> Galaxy Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/illustrations/"> Illustrations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/lasilla/"> La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/nebulae/"> Nebulae </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/paranal/"> Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/peopleandevents/"> People and Events </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/premises/"> Premises </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/blackholes/"> Quasars and Black Holes </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/solarsystem/"> Solar System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/starclusters/"> Star Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/stars/"> Stars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/surveytelescopes/"> Survey Telescopes </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/comparisons/"> Image Comparisons </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/imageformats/"> Image Formats </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/"> Picture of the Week <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-93" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2021/"> 2021 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2020/"> 2020 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2019/"> 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2018/"> 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2017/"> 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2016/"> 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2015/"> 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2014/"> 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2013/"> 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2012/"> 2012 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2011/"> 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2009/"> 2009 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2008/"> 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2007/"> 2007 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/top100/"> Top 100 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-109" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/top100-large.zip"> Large JPG Zip File (1.9 GB) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/top100-original.zip"> Original TIF Zip File (32.9 GB) </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/copyright/"> Usage of ESO Images and Videos </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/wallpapers/"> Wallpapers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/zoomable/"> Zoomable </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/">Videos<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-115" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/search/"> Advanced Search </a></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Categories <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-117" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/abouteso/"> About ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/alma/"> ALMA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/apex/"> APEX </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/compilations/"> Compilations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/cosmology/"> Cosmology </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/esocast/"> ESOcast </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/events/"> Events </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/exoplanets/"> Exoplanets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/featuremovies/"> Feature Movies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/fulldome/"> Fulldome </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/galaxies/"> Galaxies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/galaxyclusters/"> Galaxy Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/lasilla/"> La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/nebulae/"> Nebulae </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/paranal/"> Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/premises/"> Premises </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/blackholes/"> Quasars and Black Holes </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/solarsystem/"> Solar System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/starclusters/"> Star Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/stars/"> Stars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/vnr/"> Video News Releases </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/copyright/"> Usage of ESO Videos and Images </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videoformats/"> Video Formats </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/">News<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-142" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/"> Press Releases <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-143" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 2021-2030 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-144" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2021/"> 2021 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 2011–2020 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-146" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2020/"> 2020 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2019/"> 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2018/"> 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2017/"> 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2016/"> 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2015/"> 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2014/"> 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2013/"> 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2012/"> 2012 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2011/"> 2011 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 2001–2010 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-157" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2009/"> 2009 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2008/"> 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2007/"> 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2006/"> 2006 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2005/"> 2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2004/"> 2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2003/"> 2003 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2002/"> 2002 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2001/"> 2001 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 1991–2000 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-168" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2000/"> 2000 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1999/"> 1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1998/"> 1998 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1997/"> 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1996/"> 1996 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1995/"> 1995 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1994/"> 1994 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1993/"> 1993 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1992/"> 1992 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1991/"> 1991 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 1985–1990 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-179" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1990/"> 1990 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1989/"> 1989 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1988/"> 1988 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1987/"> 1987 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1986/"> 1986 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1985/"> 1985 </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/"> Announcements <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-186" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2021/"> 2021 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2020/"> 2020 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2019/"> 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2018/"> 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2017/"> 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2016/"> 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2015/"> 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2014/"> 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2013/"> 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2012/"> 2012 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2011/"> 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2009/"> 2009 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/starsateso/"> Stars@ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/webupdates/"> New on eso.org </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/pressmedia/"> Press Room <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-202" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/broadcast/"> Broadcast Services </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/pressmedia/mediavisits/"> Media Visits </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/copyright/"> Copyright Notice </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/newsletters/"> ESO Newsletters <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-206" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/newsletters/esonews/"> ESO News </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/newsletters/outreach/"> ESO Outreach Community Newsletter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/sci/publications/newsletter/"> ESO Science Newsletter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/#2"> ESO Media Newsletter </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/presscoverage/"> Press Coverage </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/">ESOshop<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-212" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/"> Shop Products <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-213" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/annualreport/"> Annual Reports </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/apparel/"> Apparel </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/book/"> Books </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/brochure/"> Brochures </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/calendar/"> Calendars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/capjournal/"> CAPjournals </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/conferenceitem/"> Conferences </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/donation/"> Donations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/media/"> DVDs/Bluray/CDs </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/educationalmaterial/"> Educational Material </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/supernovaactivity/"> ESO Supernova Activities </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/flyer/"> Flyers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/handout/"> Handouts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/map/"> Maps </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/merchandise/"> Merchandise </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/messenger/"> Messengers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/mountedimage/"> Mounted Images </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/postcard/"> Postcards </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/printedposter/"> Posters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/technicaldocument/"> Reports </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/sticker/"> Stickers </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/cart/"> View shopping cart </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/checkout/"> Checkout </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/"> Information <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-237" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/bulk_orders/"> Bulk Orders </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/"> Purchasing Steps </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/payment/"> Payment </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/shipping/"> Shipping </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/shopstaff/"> Staff Shopping </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/terms/"> Terms & Conditions </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/freeorder/"> Free Orders for Educators and Media </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="current"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/">Telescopes & Instruments<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1 current"> <ul id="submenu-aim-245" class="submenu-aim selected current"> <li class="submenu current"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/"> Paranal Observatory <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-246" class="submenu-aim sublevel selected current"><li class="submenu current"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/"> Very Large Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-247" class="submenu-aim sublevel selected current"><li class="submenu current"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/"> VLT Instruments <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-248" class="submenu-aim sublevel selected current current-leaf"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/4lgsf/"> 4LGSF </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/amber/"> AMBER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/crires/"> CRIRES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/crires+/"> CRIRES+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/espresso/"> ESPRESSO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/eris/"> ERIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/flames/"> FLAMES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/fors/"> FORS1 and FORS2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/gravity/"> GRAVITY </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/hawk-i/"> HAWK-I </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/isaac/"> ISAAC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/kmos/"> KMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/mad/"> MAD </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/matisse/"> MATISSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/midi/"> MIDI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/moons/"> MOONS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/muse/"> MUSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naco/"> NACO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naomi/"> NAOMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/pionier/"> PIONIER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sinfoni/"> SINFONI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sphere/"> SPHERE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/uves/"> UVES </a></li><li class=" current current-leaf"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/"> VIMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/visir/"> VISIR </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/x-shooter/"> X-shooter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vtl-test-cameras/"> VLT Test Cameras </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vinci/"> VINCI </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/"> VLT Unit Telescopes Names <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-277" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/antu/"> Antu </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/kueyen/"> Kueyen </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/melipal/"> Melipal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/yepun/"> Yepun </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/auxiliarytelescopes/"> Auxiliary Telescopes </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/"> Survey Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-283" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/"> VISTA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-284" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/mirror/"> The VISTA mirror </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/camera/"> VIRCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/4most/"> 4MOST </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/surveys/"> The VISTA surveys </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/consortium/"> The VISTA consortium </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/"> VST <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-290" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/mirror/"> The VST mirrors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/camera/"> OmegaCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/surveys/"> The VST surveys </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/speculoos/"> SPECULOOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/ngts/"> NGTS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/cta/"> Cherenkov Telescope Array </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/"> La Silla Observatory <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-297" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/"> Swedish–ESO Submillimetre Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-298" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/simba/"> SIMBA </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/"> New Technology Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-300" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/efosc2/"> EFOSC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/emmi/"> EMMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/sofi/"> SOFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/soxs/"> SOXS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/susi2/"> SUSI and SUSI2 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/"> ESO 3.6-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-307" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/adonis/"> ADONIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/caspec/"> CASPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/harps/"> HARPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/mefos/"> MEFOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/nirps/"> NIRPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/optopus/"> OPTOPUS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/timmi2/"> TIMMI/2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-standard-photometer/"> Standard Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-specklegraph/"> Infrared Specklegraph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-speckle-interferometer/"> Infrared Speckle Interferometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/efosc/"> EFOSC </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/"> MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-321" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/feros/"> FEROS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/grond/"> GROND </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/irac2/"> IRAC & IRAC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/pisco/"> PISCO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/wfi/"> WFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/"> Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-328" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/coralie/"> CORALIE </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/rem/"> Rapid Eye Mount telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/trappist/"> TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope–South </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/"> Danish 1.54-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-332" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/coravel/"> CORAVEL </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/dfosc/"> DFOSC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/ccd/"> CCD camera </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/hb-photometer/"> Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/two-channel-photometer/"> Two-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/four-channel-photometer/"> Four-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/six-channel-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby-Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/tarot/"> Télescope à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1mschmidt/"> ESO 1-metre Schmidt telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/"> ESO 1.52-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-342" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/bandc/"> Boller and Chivens Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/coude/"> Coudé Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/echelec/"> ECHELEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/rv-cass-spectrograph/"> RV Cass Spectrograph </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/"> ESO 1-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-347" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/fideos/"> FIDEOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/infrared-photometer/"> Infrared Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/"> ESO 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-351" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/double-channel-photometer/"> Double-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/"> Coudé Auxiliary Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-354" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/ces/"> CES </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marly/"> MarLy 1-metre telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/"> Dutch 0.9-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-357" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/walraven/"> Walraven Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/t70/"> Swiss T70 telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/"> Bochum 0.61-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-360" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-scanner/"> Bochum Scanner </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-photometer/"> Bochum Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/"> Danish 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-363" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-two-channel-hb-photometer/"> Two-Channel Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-four-channel-uvby-photometer/"> Four-Channel uvby Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-six-channel-uvby-hb-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby–Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/gpo/"> Grand Prisme Objectif telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss04/"> Swiss 0.4-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marseille/"> Marseille 0.36-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/grb/"> GRB Monitoring System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mascara/"> MASCARA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/blackgem/"> BlackGEM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/extra/"> ExTrA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/test-bed/"> Test-Bed Telescope </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/"> APEX <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-375" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/artemis/"> ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/laboca/"> LABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/saboca/"> SABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/sepia/"> SEPIA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/apex-2a/"> APEX–2A </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/aszca/"> ASZCa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/champ-plus/"> CHAMP+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash/"> FLASH </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash-plus/"> FLASH+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/mpi_11thz/"> MPI_1.1THz </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/p-artemis/"> P-ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/pi230/"> PI230 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/polka/"> PolKa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/shefi/"> SHeFI </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/"> ALMA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-390" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/antennas/"> Antennas </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/transporters/"> Transporters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/receiver-bands/"> Receiver Bands </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/residencia/"> ALMA Residencia </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/"> Technology for Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-397" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/active_optics/"> Active Optics </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/"> Adaptive Optics </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/ifu/"> Integral Field Units </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/spectroscopy/"> Spectroscopy </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/instruments/"> Instruments </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/science/">Discoveries<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-404" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/science/top10/"> ESO Top 10 Astronomical Discoveries </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/science/exoplanets/"> Exoplanets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/science/gravitationalwaves/"> Gravitational Wave Sources </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/science/gc/"> Black Hole at the Centre of our Galaxy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/science/grb/"> Gamma-Ray Bursts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/science/archive/"> Science Archive </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/">Events<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-411" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/press-evt/"> Press Events </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/"> Special Events <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-413" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann18065/"> Open House Day 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/asteroid-day/"> Asteroid Day </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse17/"> Open House Day 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann16071/"> Open House Day 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/MeetESO/"> #MeetESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse15/"> Long Night of Science 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2014/"> ASTRONET 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse14/"> Open House Day 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/eeltblast/"> ELT Groundbreaking </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/cafe-and-kosmos/"> Café & Kosmos in Munich </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse13/"> Open House Day 2013 </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/"> ASTRONET 2013 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-425" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/dates/"> Important Dates </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/registration/"> Registration, Fees and Payment </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/abstracts/"> Abstract Submission </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/venue/"> Workshop Venue </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/practical_information/"> Practical Information </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/accommodation/"> Accommodation </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/organisers_partners/"> Organisers & Partners </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/contact/"> Contact </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/schedule/"> Schedule </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/participants/"> Participants </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/"> ESO 50 Years <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-436" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/message/"> Message from the DG </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/50highlights50years/"> Fifty Highlights </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/competitions/"> Competitions </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/twitter/"> Twitter Feed </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/webcast/"> Webcast </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/"> Europe to the Stars <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-442" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/news/"> News </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/movie/"> Movie </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/book/"> Book </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/reviews/"> Reviews </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/bios/"> Bios </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/offers/"> Purchase Offers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/press/"> For the Press </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/contact/"> Contact Us </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years-in-chile/"> 50 years of ESO in Chile </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/"> Awesome Universe <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-452" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/venues/"> List of venues </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/organisers/"> For Exhibitors </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/iya2009/"> IYA 2009 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/100ha/"> 100 Hours of Astronomy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/theeye/"> The Eye 3D </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/imax-hidden-universe/"> IMAX® 3D Film Hidden Universe </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse11/"> Open House Day 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse09/"> Open House Day 2009 (German) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/bond/"> Bond at Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/lndw-2007eng/"> Long Night of Science 2007 </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/"> Open House Day 2006 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-463" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/ohd06-winnerslist/"> List of Prize Winners </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/tdot06/"> Deutsche Fassung </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/tdot06-gewinnerliste/"> Liste der Preisgewinner </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/pt-011203/"> Public Talks 2003 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/eso40years/"> ESO 40 Years (1962 - 2002) </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/exhibitions/"> Exhibitions <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-469" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/exhibitions/perma_exhibitions/"> ESO Permanent Exhibitions </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/http://www.esof.eu/"> EuroScience Open Forum (ESOF) </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/http://eas.unige.ch/EWASS2016/"> EWASS 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://aas.org/meetings/aas227"> AAS Winter 2016 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/"> Astronomical Events <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-474" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/solareclipse2019/"> Total Solar Eclipse 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/mcnaught2007/"> The Comet McNaught 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/deepimpact/"> Deep Impact - 04.07.2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/http://www.vt-2004.org/"> The Venus Transit - 08.11.2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids99/"> The Leonids - 17.11.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/eclipse99/"> Solar Eclipse at ESO HQ - 11.08.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids98/"> The Leonids - 11.1998 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/pathfinder/"> Mars Pathfinder - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hyakutake/"> Comet Hyakutake - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/sl9/"> SL-9 and Jupiter - 1994 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hale-bopp/"> Comet Hale Bopp - 1994 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/events/seminars/"> Astronomy Communication Seminars </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/">Outreach<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-487" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/"> Education <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-488" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/education/"> Educational Material </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/http://www.scienceinschool.org/" target="_blank"> Science in School </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2017/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://web.archive.org/web/20190722044743/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2016/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://web.archive.org/web/20190810160701/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2015/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://web.archive.org/web/20190321214717/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2014/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/teacherschools/"> Teacher Schools </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/prev-programmes/"> Previous Programmes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-496" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/http://www.eaae-astronomy.org/catchastar/cas2013"> Catch a Star 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/http://www.eaae-astronomy.org/catchastar/cas2011"> Catch a Star 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2008/"> Catch a Star 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2007/"> Catch a Star 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2005/"> Catch a Star 2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2004/"> Catch a Star 2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2003/"> Catch a Star 2003 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2002/"> Catch a Star 2002 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/liu/"> Life in the Universe </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/pos/"> Physics On Stage </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/seaspace/docs/"> Sea & Space </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/http://kids.alma.cl/?lang=en"> ALMA Kids </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/"> Partnerships <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-509" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/translators/"> Volunteer Translators </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/eson/"> ESO Science Outreach Network </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/"> Collaborations in Chile <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-512" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/2009/"> 2009 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/eso-ambassadors/"> ESO Outreach Ambassadors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/organisations/"> ESO Outreach Partner Organisations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/educators/"> Informal Educators </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/http://eso.us2.list-manage1.com/subscribe?u=c35dd77ef962de779092c970b&id=bd58d6ae8d"> Outreach Newsletter Form </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/photo-ambassadors/"> ESO Photo Ambassadors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/music-ambassadors/"> ESO Music Ambassadors </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/first-picture-of-a-black-hole/blog/"> Taking the First Picture of a Black Hole </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/communication-resources/"> Astronomy Communication Resources </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/gems/"> Cosmic Gems </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/social/"> Social Media </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/"> Ultra HD Expedition <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-525" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/team/"> Meet our Heroes </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/journey/"> Journey Schedule </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/equipment/"> Equipment </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/technology-partners/"> Technology Partners </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/blog/"> Blog </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/for_planetariums/"> For Planetariums </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/webcams/"> Webcams </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/your_eso_pictures/"> Your ESO Pictures </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/astroprize/"> European Astronomy Journalism Prize </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/hiddentreasures/"> Hidden Treasures <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-535" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/hiddentreasures/rules/"> Hidden Treasures Rules </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/hiddentreasures/instructions/"> Hidden Treasures Instructions </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/hiddentreasures/science_archive/"> Hidden Treasures Form </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/http://www.flickr.com/groups/esohiddentreasures/"> Flickr Upload </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/department/"> Our Team <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-540" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/department/students/"> Students and Visitors </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/http://supernova.eso.org/join-us/"> Join us </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/http://supernova.eso.org/"> ESO Supernova </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/art/"> Art at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/data2dome/"> Data2Dome </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/blog/"> ESOblog </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/">Products<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-547" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Audiovisual and multimedia <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-548" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/models3d/"> 3D models </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/applications/"> Apps </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/media/"> DVDs and CDs </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/imaxfilms/"> IMAX movies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/minisites/"> Mini-sites </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/music/"> Music </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/planetariumshows/"> Planetarium shows </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/presentations/"> Presentations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/virtualtours/"> Virtual Tours </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Periodicals <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-558" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/messengers/"> Messenger </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/capjournals/"> CAP Journal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/schools/"> Science in School </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Print products <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-562" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/annualreports/"> Annual Reports </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/books/"> Books </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/brochures/"> Brochures </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/bulletins/"> Bulletins </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/calendars/"> Calendars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/conf_posters/"> Conference posters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/flyers/"> Flyers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/handouts/"> Handouts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/maps/"> Maps </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/presskits/"> Press kits </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/reports/"> Reports </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/postcards/"> Postcards </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/stickers/"> Stickers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/print_posters/"> Printed posters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/papermodels/"> Paper models </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/merchandise/"> Merchandise <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-578" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/merchandise/"> Merchandise </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/apparel/"> Apparel </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/mountedimages/"> Mounted images </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/stationery/"> Stationery </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Electronic products <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-583" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/electroniccards/"> Electronic cards </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/elec_posters/"> Electronic posters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/epublications/"> ePublications </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/education/"> Educational material </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/exhibitions/"> Exhibition material </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/products/logos/"> Logos </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/"> Order in ESOshop </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/">Business@ESO<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-591" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/cp.html"> Procurement at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/http://www.eso.org/public/industry/events/"> Industry Events </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/techtrans/"> Technology Transfer <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-594" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/techtrans/technology-developed-by-industry-or-institutes/"> Technology Developed by Industries </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/techtrans/develeso/"> Novel technologies by ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/techtrans/developments/"> ESO know-how </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/projects/"> Future Projects <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-598" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/projects/elt/"> Working with the ELT </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/safety.html"> Safety <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-600" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/safety/emergency.html"> Emergency & Evacuation </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/safety/traffic.html"> Traffic & Parking at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/safety/contractors.html"> Contractors at ESO </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/contact/"> Contact Information </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://recruitment.eso.org/">Career Opportunities<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-605" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://recruitment.eso.org/"> Recruitment </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/"> Employment Conditions <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-607" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/intstaff/"> International Staff Members </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/localstaff/"> Local Staff Members (Spanish / English) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/fellows/"> Fellows </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/students/"> Students </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/paidassoc/"> Paid Associates </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/pes/"> Human Resources </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/grants/"> Grants </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/how_to_use/"> How to use this site </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="content" class=""> <div id="eso-side-logo"> <a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/"> <div data-spy="affix" class="affix"> <div class="sprites-esologo"></div> <span>European<br>Southern<br>Observatory</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="container " id="body"> <div class="row no-page"> <div class="col-md-12"> </div> </div> <div class="row page"> <div class="col-md-12 one-column"> <div id="edit-info-block"> <div id="page-edit-success" class="alert alert-success alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Page saved successfully </div> <div id="page-edit-failure" class="alert alert-danger alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Couldn't save page :( Please try again. </div> </div> <div class="page-content"> <div id="editable-content"> <h1>VIMOS</h1> <h2>VIsible Multi-Object Spectrograph</h2> <p><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/vlt-vimos/"><img src="/web/20210419162300im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/static/teles-instr/vlt/images/vlt-vimos_pano.jpg" border="0"/></a></p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <p><em><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso0413a/"><img style="float: left; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px;" src="/web/20210419162300im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/potwmedium/eso0413a.jpg" border="0"/></a>“It is like having a time machine in the middle of desert, showing us how the Universe looked when it was just a third of its current age,” </em>says Steffen Mieske, the instrument scientist behind the VIsible Multi-Object Spectrograph or VIMOS.<em><br/></em></p> <p>VIMOS, guided by astronomers at Paranal Observatory, investigates hundreds of faint celestial objects at the same time. Most of these are far outside our own galactic neighbourhood.</p> <p><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/cf0b2506_cc/"><img style="float: right; padding: 7px 0px 10px 20px;" src="/web/20210419162300im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/news/cf0b2506_cc.jpg" width="180" height="120" border="0"/></a>Observing these objects, at distances of up to several billion light-years, is like looking back in time, to 1.5 billion years after the Universe was born. This time machine lets the astronomers study the evolution of the Universe from that remote past up to today, “W<em>hile other instruments specialise in very detailed investigations of individual objects, VIMOS allows large samples of objects to be analysed in one shot,” </em>says Steffen Mieske.</p> <p>How? VIMOS takes an image of a region in the sky, containing hundreds of galaxies. The astronomer can identify which of those galaxies they are interested in, and mark about one hundred of them. A high-precision laser-cutter will use that information to drill little slits in a metal plate, at the exact position of the galaxies. This mask is then inserted in VIMOS, so that only the light of the interesting objects enters the instrument. Then, the light of those objects is split into its colour components by a prism-like device, yielding a spectrum. <em>“If there were no mask blocking out the light from the less interesting objects, thousands of spectra would overlap and the data could not be analysed,”</em> says Mieske.</p> <p>The spectra are recorded on the four charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras mounted at the end of the instrument. “<em>Instead of recording images of point sources, we record one long stripe (spectrum) for each object that reveals their composition and motion in space,” </em>says Steffen Mieske.</p> <p>Thanks to its capabilities to observe a hundred or so galaxies at the same time, VIMOS could collect the spectra of tens of thousands of galaxies over the history of the Universe, showing how they formed, grew and evolved.</p> <p>Nevertheless, while VIMOS excels at taking spectra of hundreds of distant galaxies, it can also observe nearby galaxies. Given that these galaxies appear much bigger on the sky, taking a spectrum along a narrow slit is not enough, as most of the light the galaxy would fall outside the slit. To solve this, VIMOS has an integral field unit mode (IFU), which allows spectra to be taken in two dimensions. For each pixel on the galaxy, the IFU mode gives us a full spectrum. <em>“It’s like taking thousands of images with different filters all at once. Thanks to this we can study in great detail the dynamics and composition of extended sources like galaxies and nebulae,”</em> says Juan Carlos Muñoz, the VIMOS instrument fellow.</p> <p>VIMOS was used for the last time on 24 March 2018 and is now decommissioned.</p> <h3>Science highlights with VIMOS</h3> <ul> <li>ESO Telescopes Observe First Light from Gravitational Wave Source (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1733/">eso1733</a>)</li> <li>Clues to the Mysterious Origin of Cosmic Rays (<a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1308/">eso1308</a>)</li> <li>The Feeding Habits of Teenage Galaxies (<a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1212/">eso1212</a>)</li> <li>The Most Distant Mature Galaxy Cluster (<a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1108/">eso1108</a>)</li> <li>Shedding Light on the Cosmic Skeleton (<a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0941/">eso0941</a>)</li> <li>A Pool of Distant Galaxies – the deepest ultraviolet image of the Universe yet (<a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0839/">eso0839</a>)</li> <li>How Do Galaxies Grow? (<a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0824/">eso0824</a>)</li> <li>New Light on Dark Energy (<a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0804/">eso0804</a>)</li> <li>VLT Survey Provides New Insight into Formation of Galaxies (<a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0645/">eso0645</a>)</li> <li>Large Population of Galaxies Found in the Young Universe with ESO's VLT (<a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0530/">eso0530</a>)</li> </ul> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/vimos_img_cc/"><img class="nopadding" src="/web/20210419162300im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/medium/vimos_img_cc.jpg" width="320" border="0"/></a></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><small>One of the quadrants from this raw image, coming straight from the instrument, was used, together with many others, to produce the image further up this page. The images taken with astronomical instruments are always in greyscale: the information on the colours is obtained by taking exposures through different glass filters. The camera contains four independent detectors, with gaps between them.</small></p> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/vimos_ifu_cc/"><img class="nopadding" src="/web/20210419162300im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/medium/vimos_ifu_cc.jpg" width="320" border="0"/></a></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><small>The four detectors of VIMOS collect the many spectra produced by its integral field spectrograph. In a traditional image, the intensity of each pixel is recorded. Here, the full spectrum of each pixel of the image is recorded as a vertical line, measuring the intensity of the light for all wavelengths. Specially written data analysis software is used to extract all these spectra and re-order the information according to the original pixel, into "images" that can be analysed by the astronomer.</small></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <table class="table table-bordered" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <h3>VIMOS</h3> <p><small> The authoritative technical specifications as offered for astronomical observations are available from the <a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/paranal/instruments/vimos.html">Science Operation page</a>.</small></p> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top" width="30"><strong>Location:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Paranal</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="30"><strong>Telescope:</strong></td> <td valign="top">VLT <a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal/">UT3</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Focus:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Nasmyth</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Type:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Wide-field imager and multi-object spectrograph</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Wavelength coverage:</strong></td> <td valign="top"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Spatial resolution:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Seeing-limited. Pixel size is 0.205 arcseconds in imaging mode; the IFUs have pixels down to 0.33 arcseconds.</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Spectral resolution:</strong></td> <td valign="top">200 to 2500</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>First light date:</strong></td> <td valign="top">26 February, 2002 (<a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0209/">eso0209</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Images taken with the instrument:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/search/?adv=&instrument=12">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Images of the instrument:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/search/?adv=&subject_name=VIMOS">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p><strong>Videos of the instrument:</strong></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/search/?subject_name=VIMOS">Link</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Press Releases with the instrument:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/search/?published_until_year=0&published_until_day=0&description=&title=&instruments=12&subject_name=&published_since_day=0&published_since_month=0&published_until_month=0&id=&published_since_year=0">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Data papers:</strong></td> <td valign="top"> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/http://telbib.eso.org/index.php?&flimiti=off&fq[]=instrument:VIMOS">Link</a></p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/http://www.eso.org/sci/observing/policies/publications.html">ESO data citation policy</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Science goals:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Large spectroscopic surveys of distant galaxies.</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p><strong>Consortium:</strong></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p>Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Observatoire Marseille-Provence</p> <p>Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Toulouse, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées</p> <p>Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), in France</p> <p>Istituto di Radioastronomia (IRA-CNR) (Bologna)</p> <p>Istituto di Fisica Cosmica e Tecnologie Relative (IFCTR) (Milano)</p> <p>INAF, Osservatorio di Capodimonte, Bologna, Brera, Italy</p> <p>ESO</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="row footernote"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/mailto:information@eso.org">Send us your comments!</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/esonews/">Subscribe to receive news from ESO in your language</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.cdn77.com/">Accelerated by CDN77</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20210419162300/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/">Terms & Conditions</a> </div> </div> <link href="/web/20210419162300cs_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/css/extras.166b25c68b97.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <script type="text/javascript">var MEDIA_URL = "/public/archives/"</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20210419162300js_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/js/main.86f0f17c90d3.js" charset="utf-8"></script> </div>  <div id="social-share" class="hidden-print"> <div class="link facebook" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Facebook"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link twitter" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Twitter"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/&text=VIMOS&via=ESO" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link pinterest" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Pinterest"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/http://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/&media=&description=VIMOS" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-pinterest" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link print" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Print"> <a href="javascript:window.print()" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-print" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link email" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share by email"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162300/mailto:%20?subject=ESO — VIMOS&body=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> <script> $('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip(); </script> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="8k1wkmvsRnGaMdfhtg6uJNE9ylUN8U3177yLz4kr8gNfw3O7zptf26GYHt3DSliJ"/> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

VIMOS | ESO