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</button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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<div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88" title="تا موكو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تا موكو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tā moko" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tā moko" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tā moko" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tā moko" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%BA%CE%BF" title="Τα μόκο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τα μόκο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tā moko" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tā moko" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tā moko" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%80_%EB%AA%A8%EC%BD%94" title="타 모코 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="타 모코" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tā moko" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tā moko" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tā moko" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moko" title="Moko – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Moko" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Та-моко – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Та-моко" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tā moko" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tā moko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/ptasan" title="ptasan – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="ptasan" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Та-моко – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Та-моко" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Māori facial tattoo</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 1 Giant Leap song "Ta Moko", see <a href="/wiki/1_Giant_Leap_(album)" title="1 Giant Leap (album)">1 Giant Leap (album)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MaoriChief1784.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/MaoriChief1784.jpg/260px-MaoriChief1784.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/MaoriChief1784.jpg/390px-MaoriChief1784.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/MaoriChief1784.jpg/520px-MaoriChief1784.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1995" data-file-height="2635" /></a><figcaption>Sketch of a Māori chief, 1773 engraving by T. Chambers based on a 1769 drawing by <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Parkinson" title="Sydney Parkinson">Sydney Parkinson</a>, from the 1784 edition of <i><a href="/wiki/A_Journal_of_a_Voyage_to_the_South_Seas" title="A Journal of a Voyage to the South Seas">A Journal of a Voyage to the South Seas</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_John_Steele_-_Portrait_of_a_young_Maori_woman_with_moko_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Louis_John_Steele_-_Portrait_of_a_young_Maori_woman_with_moko_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Louis_John_Steele_-_Portrait_of_a_young_Maori_woman_with_moko_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Louis_John_Steele_-_Portrait_of_a_young_Maori_woman_with_moko_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Louis_John_Steele_-_Portrait_of_a_young_Maori_woman_with_moko_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Louis_John_Steele_-_Portrait_of_a_young_Maori_woman_with_moko_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Louis_John_Steele_-_Portrait_of_a_young_Maori_woman_with_moko_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4903" data-file-height="6059" /></a><figcaption>"Portrait of a young Maori woman with <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">moko</i></span>", by <a href="/wiki/Louis_John_Steele" title="Louis John Steele">Louis John Steele</a> (1891)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gottfried_Lindauer_-_Tamati_Waka_Nene_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Gottfried_Lindauer_-_Tamati_Waka_Nene_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Gottfried_Lindauer_-_Tamati_Waka_Nene_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Gottfried_Lindauer_-_Tamati_Waka_Nene_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Gottfried_Lindauer_-_Tamati_Waka_Nene_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Gottfried_Lindauer_-_Tamati_Waka_Nene_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Gottfried_Lindauer_-_Tamati_Waka_Nene_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3767" data-file-height="4757" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81mati_W%C4%81ka_Nene" title="Tāmati Wāka Nene">Tāmati Wāka Nene</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Lindauer" title="Gottfried Lindauer">Gottfried Lindauer</a> (1890)</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Tā moko</i></span></b></i> is the permanent marking or <a href="/wiki/Tattoo" title="Tattoo">tattooing</a> as customarily practised by <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a>, the indigenous people of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. It is one of the five main Polynesian tattoo styles (the other four are <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Marquesas_Islands#Tatu" title="Culture of the Marquesas Islands">Marquesan</a>, Samoan, Tahitian and Hawaiian).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi"><a href="/wiki/Tohunga" title="Tohunga">Tohunga</a>-tā-moko</i></span> (tattooists) were considered <i><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi"><a href="/wiki/Tapu_(Polynesian_culture)" title="Tapu (Polynesian culture)">tapu</a></i></span></i>, or inviolable and sacred.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_practice_(pre-contact)"><span id="Historical_practice_.28pre-contact.29"></span>Historical practice (pre-contact)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C4%81_moko&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical practice (pre-contact)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tattoo" title="Tattoo">Tattoo</a> arts are common in the Eastern <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesian</a> homeland of the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori people</a>, and the traditional implements and methods employed were similar to those used in other parts of Polynesia.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In pre-European <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori culture</a>, many if not most high-ranking persons received <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">moko</i></span>. <i>Moko</i> were associated with <i><a href="/wiki/Mana_(Oceanian_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mana (Oceanian mythology)">mana</a></i> and high <a href="/wiki/Social_status" title="Social status">social status</a>; however, some very high-status individuals were considered too <i>tapu</i> to acquire <i>moko</i>, and it was also not considered suitable for some <i><a href="/wiki/Tohunga" title="Tohunga">tohunga</a></i> to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-te_ara4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-te_ara4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Receiving <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">moko</i></span> constituted an important milestone between childhood and adulthood, and was accompanied by many rites and <a href="/wiki/Rituals" class="mw-redirect" title="Rituals">rituals</a>. Apart from signalling status and rank, another reason for the practice in traditional times was to make a person more attractive to the opposite sex. Men generally received <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">moko</i></span> on their faces, buttocks (<i><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">raperape</i></span></i>) and thighs (<i><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">puhoro</i></span></i>). Women usually wore <i>moko</i> on their lips (<i><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">ngutu</i></span></i>) and chins (<i><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">kauae</i></span></i>). Other parts of the body known to have <i>moko</i> include women's foreheads, buttocks, thighs, necks and backs and men's backs, stomachs, and calves.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Instruments_used">Instruments used</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C4%81_moko&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Instruments used"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tohunga-ta-moko_at_Work_%E2%80%93_Gottfried_Lindauer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Tohunga-ta-moko_at_Work_%E2%80%93_Gottfried_Lindauer.jpg/220px-Tohunga-ta-moko_at_Work_%E2%80%93_Gottfried_Lindauer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Tohunga-ta-moko_at_Work_%E2%80%93_Gottfried_Lindauer.jpg/330px-Tohunga-ta-moko_at_Work_%E2%80%93_Gottfried_Lindauer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Tohunga-ta-moko_at_Work_%E2%80%93_Gottfried_Lindauer.jpg/440px-Tohunga-ta-moko_at_Work_%E2%80%93_Gottfried_Lindauer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="655" /></a><figcaption>Painting by <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Lindauer" title="Gottfried Lindauer">Gottfried Lindauer</a> of a <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">moko</i></span> being carved into a man's face by a <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tohunga-tā-moko</i></span> (tattooist)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Korere_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Korere_11.jpg/220px-Korere_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Korere_11.jpg/330px-Korere_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Korere_11.jpg/440px-Korere_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A collection of <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">kōrere</i></span> (feeding funnels)</figcaption></figure> <p>Historically the skin was carved by <i><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">uhi</i></span></i> <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (chisels), rather than punctured as in common contemporary <a href="/wiki/Tattoo" title="Tattoo">tattooing</a>; this left the skin with grooves rather than a smooth surface. Later needle tattooing was used, but, in 2007, it was reported that the <i><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">uhi</i></span></i> was again being used by some artists.<sup id="cite_ref-technique_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-technique-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originally <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tohunga-tā-moko</i></span> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">moko</i></span> specialists) used a range of <i><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">uhi</i></span></i> (chisels) made from <a href="/wiki/Albatross" title="Albatross">albatross</a> bone, which were <a href="/wiki/Hafting" title="Hafting">hafted</a> onto a handle, and struck with a mallet.<sup id="cite_ref-best_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-best-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pigments were made from the <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi"><a href="/wiki/Awheto" class="mw-redirect" title="Awheto">awheto</a></i></span> for the body colour, and <i><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">ngarehu</i></span></i> (burnt timbers) for the blacker face colour. The soot from burnt <a href="/wiki/Gum-digger" class="mw-redirect" title="Gum-digger">kauri gum</a> was also mixed with fat to make pigment.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pigment was stored in ornate vessels called <i><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">oko</i></span></i>, which were often buried when not in use. The <i><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">oko</i></span></i> were handed on to successive generations. A <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Drere" title="Kōrere">kōrere</a></i></span> (feeding funnel) is believed to have been used to feed men whose mouths had become swollen from receiving <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tā moko</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-LandcareKorere_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LandcareKorere-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Men and a few women were <i>tā moko</i> specialists and would travel to perform their art.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Changes_with_European_colonisation">Changes with European colonisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C4%81_moko&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Changes with European colonisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a> practice of collecting and trading <i><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi"><a href="/wiki/Mokomokai" class="mw-redirect" title="Mokomokai">mokomokai</a></i></span></i> (tattooed heads) changed the dynamic of <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tā moko</i></span> in the early colonial period. King (see below) talks about changes that evolved in the late 19th century when needles came to replace the <i><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">uhi</i></span></i> as the main tools. The needle method was quicker and presented fewer health risks, but the texture of the <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">moko</i></span> was smooth. <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Tā moko</i></span> on men stopped around the 1860s in line with changing fashion and acceptance by Pākehā.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Women continued receiving <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">moko</i></span> through the early 20th century,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the historian <a href="/wiki/Michael_King_(historian)" title="Michael King (historian)">Michael King</a> in the early 1970s interviewed over 70 elderly women who would have been given the <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">moko</i></span> before the 1907 <a href="/wiki/Tohunga_Suppression_Act_1907" title="Tohunga Suppression Act 1907">Tohunga Suppression Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women's tattoos on lips and chin are commonly called <i>pūkauae</i> or <i>moko kauae</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Men tended to remove facial hair to keep <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">moko</i></span> fully visible while some chose to grow out their hair.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to Christian missionaires having a dislike for <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">moko</i></span>, some men started covering their <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">moko</i></span> with facial hair. As a substitute for the declining <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tā moko</i></span> in the 20th century, men increasingly wore facial hair.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_practice">Contemporary practice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C4%81_moko&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Contemporary practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1990 there has been a resurgence in the practice of <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tā moko</i></span> for both men and women, as a sign of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_identity" title="Cultural identity">cultural identity</a> and a reflection of the general revival of the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">language</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">culture</a>. Most <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tā moko</i></span> applied today is done using a <a href="/wiki/Tattoo_machine" title="Tattoo machine">tattoo machine</a>, but there has also been a revival of the use of <i><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">uhi</i></span></i> (chisels).<sup id="cite_ref-technique_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-technique-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women too have become more involved as practitioners, such as <a href="/wiki/Christine_Harvey" title="Christine Harvey">Christine Harvey</a> in Christchurch, Henriata Nicholas in <a href="/wiki/Rotorua" title="Rotorua">Rotorua</a> and Julie Kipa in <a href="/wiki/Whakat%C4%81ne" title="Whakatāne">Whakatāne</a>. It is not the first time the contact with settlers has interfered with the tools of the trade: the earliest <i>moko</i> were engraved with bone and were replaced by metal supplied by the first visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most significant change was the adjustment of the themes and conquests the tattoos represented. <i>Tā moko</i> artist Turumakina Duley, in an interview for <i>Artonview</i> magazine, shares his view on the transformation of the practice: "The difference in tā moko today as compared to the nineteenth century is in the change of lifestyle, in the way we live. [...] The tradition of moko was one of initiation, rites of passage – it started around that age – but it also benchmarks achievements in your life and gives you a goal to strive towards and achieve in your life."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Duley received <i>moko</i> to celebrate his graduation from a bachelor in Māori studies.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MaoriMoko.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Māori moko from a 1908 publication"><img alt="Māori moko from a 1908 publication" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/MaoriMoko.png/77px-MaoriMoko.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/MaoriMoko.png/116px-MaoriMoko.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/MaoriMoko.png/155px-MaoriMoko.png 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="846" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Māori <i>moko</i> from a 1908 publication</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tame_Iti_at_gallery_opening_13_October_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tūhoe activist Tame Iti"><img alt="Tūhoe activist Tame Iti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Tame_Iti_at_gallery_opening_13_October_2009.jpg/96px-Tame_Iti_at_gallery_opening_13_October_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Tame_Iti_at_gallery_opening_13_October_2009.jpg/144px-Tame_Iti_at_gallery_opening_13_October_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Tame_Iti_at_gallery_opening_13_October_2009.jpg/193px-Tame_Iti_at_gallery_opening_13_October_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2306" data-file-height="2871" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/T%C5%ABhoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tūhoe">Tūhoe</a> activist<br /><a href="/wiki/Tame_Iti" class="mw-redirect" title="Tame Iti">Tame Iti</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tukukino,_by_Lindauer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tukukino Te Ahiātaewa (Ngāti Tamaterā)"><img alt="Tukukino Te Ahiātaewa (Ngāti Tamaterā)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Tukukino%2C_by_Lindauer.jpg/98px-Tukukino%2C_by_Lindauer.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Tukukino%2C_by_Lindauer.jpg/147px-Tukukino%2C_by_Lindauer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Tukukino%2C_by_Lindauer.jpg/196px-Tukukino%2C_by_Lindauer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tukukino Te Ahiātaewa<br />(<a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Tamater%C4%81" title="Ngāti Tamaterā">Ngāti Tamaterā</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TeAhoGoldie1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Te Aho-o-te-rangi Wharepu (Ngāti Mahuta)"><img alt="Te Aho-o-te-rangi Wharepu (Ngāti Mahuta)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/TeAhoGoldie1905.jpg/98px-TeAhoGoldie1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/TeAhoGoldie1905.jpg/147px-TeAhoGoldie1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/TeAhoGoldie1905.jpg/196px-TeAhoGoldie1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="992" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Te Aho-o-te-rangi Wharepu<br />(<a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Mahuta" title="Ngāti Mahuta">Ngāti Mahuta</a>)</div> </li> </ul> <p>A large proportion of New Zealanders now have tattoos of some sort,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there is "growing acceptance ... as a means of cultural and individual expression."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hon_Nanaia_Mahuta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hon_Nanaia_Mahuta.jpg/170px-Hon_Nanaia_Mahuta.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hon_Nanaia_Mahuta.jpg/255px-Hon_Nanaia_Mahuta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hon_Nanaia_Mahuta.jpg/340px-Hon_Nanaia_Mahuta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="354" /></a><figcaption>New Zealand foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Nanaia_Mahuta" title="Nanaia Mahuta">Nanaia Mahuta</a> in 2020</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2016 New Zealand politician <a href="/wiki/Nanaia_Mahuta" title="Nanaia Mahuta">Nanaia Mahuta</a> received a <i>moko kauae</i>. When she became foreign minister in 2020, a writer said that her facial tattoo was inappropriate for a diplomat. There was much support for Mahuta, who said "there is an emerging awareness about the revitalisation of Māori culture and that facial moko is a positive aspect of that. We need to move away from moko being linked to gangs, because that is not what moko represent at all."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 December 2021, Māori journalist <a href="/wiki/Oriini_Kaipara" title="Oriini Kaipara">Oriini Kaipara</a>, who has a <i>moko kauae</i>, became the first person with traditional facial markings to host a prime-time news programme on national television in New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, <a href="/wiki/Ariana_Tikao" title="Ariana Tikao">Ariana Tikao</a> published a book called <i>Mokorua: Ngā kōrero mō tōku moko kauae: My story of moko kauae</i> detailing her tā moko journey; her artist was Christine Harvey.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_by_non-Māori"><span id="Use_by_non-M.C4.81ori"></span>Use by non-Māori</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C4%81_moko&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Use by non-Māori"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Europeans were aware of <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tā moko</i></span> from the time of the <a href="/wiki/First_voyage_of_James_Cook" title="First voyage of James Cook">first voyage of James Cook</a>. Early Māori visitors to Europe, such as Moehanga in 1805,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hongi_Hika" title="Hongi Hika">Hongi Hika</a> in 1820 and <a href="/wiki/Te_P%C4%93hi_Kupe" title="Te Pēhi Kupe">Te Pēhi Kupe</a> in 1826,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all had full-face <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">moko</i></span>, as did several <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81_M%C4%81ori" title="Pākehā Māori">Pākehā Māori</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Barnet_Burns" title="Barnet Burns">Barnet Burns</a>. However, until relatively recently the art had little global impact.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Wearing of <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">moko</i></span> by non-Māori has been called <a href="/wiki/Cultural_appropriation" title="Cultural appropriation">cultural appropriation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and high-profile uses of Māori designs by <a href="/wiki/Robbie_Williams" title="Robbie Williams">Robbie Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Harper" title="Ben Harper">Ben Harper</a> and a 2007 <a href="/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier" title="Jean Paul Gaultier">Jean Paul Gaultier</a> fashion show were controversial.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stuff.co.nz_44467_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuff.co.nz_44467-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To reconcile the demand for Māori designs in a <a href="/wiki/Culturally_sensitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Culturally sensitive">culturally sensitive</a> way, the <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Te Uhi a Mataora</i></span> group promotes the use of the term <i><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">kirituhi</i></span></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Scoop-PR_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scoop-PR-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has now gained wide acceptance:<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_Herald_3532027_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_Herald_3532027-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NZ_Herald_10563758_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_Herald_10563758-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stuff.co.nz_167499_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuff.co.nz_167499-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>...<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Kirituhi</i></span> translates literally to mean—"skin writing." As opposed to <i>moko</i> which requires a process of consents, genealogy and historical information, <i>kirituhi</i> is merely a design with Māori flavour that can be applied anywhere, for any reason and on anyone...<sup id="cite_ref-Scoop-PR_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scoop-PR-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C4%81_moko&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Moko</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TawhiaoNLA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tāwhiao, Tukaroto Matutaera Potatau Te Wherowhero"><img alt="Tāwhiao, Tukaroto Matutaera Potatau Te Wherowhero" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/TawhiaoNLA.jpg/151px-TawhiaoNLA.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/TawhiaoNLA.jpg/226px-TawhiaoNLA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/TawhiaoNLA.jpg/301px-TawhiaoNLA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="486" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81whiao" title="Tāwhiao">Tāwhiao, Tukaroto Matutaera Potatau Te Wherowhero</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 103.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 101.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barnet_Burns.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Barnet Burns, a Pākehā Māori"><img alt="Barnet Burns, a Pākehā Māori" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Barnet_Burns.jpg/152px-Barnet_Burns.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Barnet_Burns.jpg/227px-Barnet_Burns.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Barnet_Burns.jpg/303px-Barnet_Burns.jpg 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="369" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Barnet_Burns" title="Barnet Burns">Barnet Burns</a>, a <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81_M%C4%81ori" title="Pākehā Māori">Pākehā Māori</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RiperataKahutia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Riperata Kahutia (Te Aitanga-a-Mahaki)"><img alt="Riperata Kahutia (Te Aitanga-a-Mahaki)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/RiperataKahutia.jpg/121px-RiperataKahutia.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/RiperataKahutia.jpg/182px-RiperataKahutia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/RiperataKahutia.jpg/242px-RiperataKahutia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="401" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Riperata_Kahutia" title="Riperata Kahutia">Riperata Kahutia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Te_Aitanga-a-Mahaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Te Aitanga-a-Mahaki">Te Aitanga-a-Mahaki</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 84px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 82px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RewiManiapoto1879.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rewi Maniapoto (Ngāti Maniapoto)"><img alt="Rewi Maniapoto (Ngāti Maniapoto)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/RewiManiapoto1879.jpg/123px-RewiManiapoto1879.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/RewiManiapoto1879.jpg/185px-RewiManiapoto1879.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/RewiManiapoto1879.jpg/246px-RewiManiapoto1879.jpg 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rewi_Maniapoto" title="Rewi Maniapoto">Rewi Maniapoto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Maniapoto" title="Ngāti Maniapoto">Ngāti Maniapoto</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 94.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 92.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Susan,_Rotorua,_New_Zealand,_ca._1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guide Susan"><img alt="Guide Susan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Susan%2C_Rotorua%2C_New_Zealand%2C_ca._1905.jpg/139px-Susan%2C_Rotorua%2C_New_Zealand%2C_ca._1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Susan%2C_Rotorua%2C_New_Zealand%2C_ca._1905.jpg/209px-Susan%2C_Rotorua%2C_New_Zealand%2C_ca._1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Susan%2C_Rotorua%2C_New_Zealand%2C_ca._1905.jpg/278px-Susan%2C_Rotorua%2C_New_Zealand%2C_ca._1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2608" data-file-height="3374" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Guide Susan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 84px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 82px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TamatiWakaNene1870s.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tāmati Wāka Nene (Ngāpuhi)"><img alt="Tāmati Wāka Nene (Ngāpuhi)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/TamatiWakaNene1870s.jpg/123px-TamatiWakaNene1870s.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/TamatiWakaNene1870s.jpg/185px-TamatiWakaNene1870s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/TamatiWakaNene1870s.jpg/246px-TamatiWakaNene1870s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="903" data-file-height="1319" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81mati_W%C4%81ka_Nene" title="Tāmati Wāka Nene">Tāmati Wāka Nene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81puhi" title="Ngāpuhi">Ngāpuhi</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 83.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chef_Maori1998-3157-173.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomika Te Mutu, (Ngāi Te Rangi)"><img alt="Tomika Te Mutu, (Ngāi Te Rangi)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Chef_Maori1998-3157-173.jpg/125px-Chef_Maori1998-3157-173.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Chef_Maori1998-3157-173.jpg/188px-Chef_Maori1998-3157-173.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Chef_Maori1998-3157-173.jpg/251px-Chef_Maori1998-3157-173.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="735" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tomika Te Mutu, (<a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Te_Rangi" title="Ngāi Te Rangi">Ngāi Te Rangi</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 84.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 82.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur_James_Iles_-_Tuterei_Karewa_of_the_Ngatimaru_tribe,_North_Island,_New_Zealand_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tuterei Karewa, (Ngāti Maru (Hauraki))"><img alt="Tuterei Karewa, (Ngāti Maru (Hauraki))" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Arthur_James_Iles_-_Tuterei_Karewa_of_the_Ngatimaru_tribe%2C_North_Island%2C_New_Zealand_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/124px-Arthur_James_Iles_-_Tuterei_Karewa_of_the_Ngatimaru_tribe%2C_North_Island%2C_New_Zealand_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Arthur_James_Iles_-_Tuterei_Karewa_of_the_Ngatimaru_tribe%2C_North_Island%2C_New_Zealand_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/186px-Arthur_James_Iles_-_Tuterei_Karewa_of_the_Ngatimaru_tribe%2C_North_Island%2C_New_Zealand_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Arthur_James_Iles_-_Tuterei_Karewa_of_the_Ngatimaru_tribe%2C_North_Island%2C_New_Zealand_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/248px-Arthur_James_Iles_-_Tuterei_Karewa_of_the_Ngatimaru_tribe%2C_North_Island%2C_New_Zealand_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3703" data-file-height="5363" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tuterei_Karewa" title="Tuterei Karewa">Tuterei Karewa</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Maru_(Hauraki)" title="Ngāti Maru (Hauraki)">Ngāti Maru (Hauraki)</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 74.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 72.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Photographic_Company_(Auckland)_-_Mrs_Rabone_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mrs. Rabone, 1871"><img alt="Mrs. Rabone, 1871" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/American_Photographic_Company_%28Auckland%29_-_Mrs_Rabone_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/109px-American_Photographic_Company_%28Auckland%29_-_Mrs_Rabone_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/American_Photographic_Company_%28Auckland%29_-_Mrs_Rabone_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/164px-American_Photographic_Company_%28Auckland%29_-_Mrs_Rabone_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/American_Photographic_Company_%28Auckland%29_-_Mrs_Rabone_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/218px-American_Photographic_Company_%28Auckland%29_-_Mrs_Rabone_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3073" data-file-height="5059" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mrs. Rabone, 1871</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 83.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Femme_Maori_Hariota_Hull_1964-9530-173.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hariota Hull"><img alt="Hariota Hull" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Femme_Maori_Hariota_Hull_1964-9530-173.jpg/125px-Femme_Maori_Hariota_Hull_1964-9530-173.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Femme_Maori_Hariota_Hull_1964-9530-173.jpg/188px-Femme_Maori_Hariota_Hull_1964-9530-173.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Femme_Maori_Hariota_Hull_1964-9530-173.jpg/251px-Femme_Maori_Hariota_Hull_1964-9530-173.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="734" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hariota Hull</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 86.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 84.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Femme_Maori_avec_un_tatouage_au_menton_1998-3173-139.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Femme_Maori_avec_un_tatouage_au_menton_1998-3173-139.jpg/127px-Femme_Maori_avec_un_tatouage_au_menton_1998-3173-139.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Femme_Maori_avec_un_tatouage_au_menton_1998-3173-139.jpg/191px-Femme_Maori_avec_un_tatouage_au_menton_1998-3173-139.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Femme_Maori_avec_un_tatouage_au_menton_1998-3173-139.jpg/255px-Femme_Maori_avec_un_tatouage_au_menton_1998-3173-139.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="723" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 83.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chef_Maori_au_taiaha_1998-23059-173.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Chef_Maori_au_taiaha_1998-23059-173.jpg/125px-Chef_Maori_au_taiaha_1998-23059-173.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Chef_Maori_au_taiaha_1998-23059-173.jpg/187px-Chef_Maori_au_taiaha_1998-23059-173.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Chef_Maori_au_taiaha_1998-23059-173.jpg/249px-Chef_Maori_au_taiaha_1998-23059-173.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="739" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Homme_maori_au_visage_tatou%C3%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Homme_maori_au_visage_tatou%C3%A9.jpg/121px-Homme_maori_au_visage_tatou%C3%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Homme_maori_au_visage_tatou%C3%A9.jpg/182px-Homme_maori_au_visage_tatou%C3%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Homme_maori_au_visage_tatou%C3%A9.jpg/243px-Homme_maori_au_visage_tatou%C3%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="758" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 83.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 81.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Femme_Maori_1998-23050-173.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Femme_Maori_1998-23050-173.jpg/122px-Femme_Maori_1998-23050-173.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Femme_Maori_1998-23050-173.jpg/183px-Femme_Maori_1998-23050-173.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Femme_Maori_1998-23050-173.jpg/244px-Femme_Maori_1998-23050-173.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="756" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 86px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 84px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Femme_Maori_1998-3160-173.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Femme_Maori_1998-3160-173.jpg/126px-Femme_Maori_1998-3160-173.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Femme_Maori_1998-3160-173.jpg/189px-Femme_Maori_1998-3160-173.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Femme_Maori_1998-3160-173.jpg/253px-Femme_Maori_1998-3160-173.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="729" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 78px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 76px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chef_Maori_1998-23049-173.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Chef_Maori_1998-23049-173.jpg/114px-Chef_Maori_1998-23049-173.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Chef_Maori_1998-23049-173.jpg/172px-Chef_Maori_1998-23049-173.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Chef_Maori_1998-23049-173.jpg/229px-Chef_Maori_1998-23049-173.jpg 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C4%81_moko&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi"><a href="/wiki/Mokomokai" class="mw-redirect" title="Mokomokai">Mokomokai</a></i></span>, preserved Māori heads</li> <li><span title="Samoan-language text"><i lang="sm"><a href="/wiki/Pe%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Pe'a">Pe'a</a></i></span>, traditional male <a href="/wiki/Samoans" title="Samoans">Samoan</a> tattoo</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C4%81_moko&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86940-970-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86940-970-8"><bdi>978-1-86940-970-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1347428633">1347428633</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mokorua+%3A+ng%C4%81+korero+m%C5%8D+t%C5%8Dku+moko+kauae+%3D+my+story+of+moko+kauae&rft.place=Auckland%2C+New+Zealand&rft.pub=Auckland+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1347428633&rft.isbn=978-1-86940-970-8&rft.aulast=Tikao&rft.aufirst=Ariana&rft.au=Calman%2C+Matt&rft.au=Calman%2C+Ross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1347428633&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT%C4%81+moko" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_15/rsnz_15_00_006010.html"><i>"...the first Maori who reached England...had a well tattooed face..."</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/RobMoko-fig-RobMoko015a.html">"Fig. 10.—Tattooing on the face of <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Te Pehi Kupe</i></span>, drawn by himself"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fig.+10.%E2%80%94Tattooing+on+the+face+of+%3Cspan+title%3D%22M%C4%81ori-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22mi%22%3ETe+Pehi+Kupe%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%2C+drawn+by+himself&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzetc.victoria.ac.nz%2Ftm%2Fscholarly%2FRobMoko-fig-RobMoko015a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT%C4%81+moko" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44220574">"Maori face tattoo: It is OK for a white woman to have one?"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 23 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=About.com+Style&rft.atitle=Why+Most+People+Shouldn%27t+Get+Ta+Moko+Maori+Tattoos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftattoo.about.com%2Fcs%2Farticles%2Fa%2Fmaori_tamoko.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT%C4%81+moko" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scoop-PR-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scoop-PR_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scoop-PR_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/CU0507/S00107.htm">"Ta Moko – A History On Skin"</a> (Press release). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Ta+Moko+making+its+mark+on+Maori&rft.date=2009-03-27&rft.aulast=Ihaka&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D10563758&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT%C4%81+moko" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stuff.co.nz_167499-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stuff.co.nz_167499_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032628/http://www.stuff.co.nz/167499">"Myth and the moko"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Waikato_Times" title="Waikato Times">Waikato Times</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waikato+Times&rft.atitle=Myth+and+the+moko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2F167499&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT%C4%81+moko" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheseman2014" class="citation news cs1">Cheseman, Janelle (15 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190506180700/http://www.newswire.co.nz/2014/03/resurrection-ta-moko-raises-questions-maori/">"The resurrection of tā moko raises questions for Maori"</a>. Newswire. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newswire.co.nz/2014/03/resurrection-ta-moko-raises-questions-maori/">the original</a> on 6 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+resurrection+of+t%C4%81+moko+raises+questions+for+Maori&rft.date=2014-03-15&rft.aulast=Cheseman&rft.aufirst=Janelle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newswire.co.nz%2F2014%2F03%2Fresurrection-ta-moko-raises-questions-maori%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT%C4%81+moko" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C4%81_moko&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHīroa1951" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Te_Rangi_H%C4%ABroa" class="mw-redirect" title="Te Rangi Hīroa">Hīroa, Te Rangi</a> (1951). <i>The Coming of the Maori</i>. Wellington: Whitcombe & Tombs.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Coming+of+the+Maori&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=Whitcombe+%26+Tombs&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=H%C4%ABroa&rft.aufirst=Te+Rangi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AT%C4%81+moko" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Jahnke, R. and H. T., "The politics of Māori image and design", <i>Pukenga Korero</i> (Raumati (Summer) 2003), vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 5–31.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_King_(historian)" title="Michael King (historian)">King, M.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marti_Friedlander" title="Marti Friedlander">Friedlander, M.</a>, (1992). <i>Moko: Māori Tattooing in the 20th Century.</i> (2nd ed.) Auckland: David Bateman. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86953-088-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-86953-088-8">1-86953-088-8</a></li> <li>Nikora, L. W., Rua, M., and Te Awekotuku, Ng., "Wearing Moko: Māori Facial Marking in Today's World", in Thomas, N., Cole, A., and Douglas, B. (eds.), <i>Tattoo. Bodies, Art and Exchange in the Pacific and the West</i>, London: Reacktion Books, pp. 191–204.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Gordon_Robley" title="Horatio Gordon Robley">Robley, Maj-Gen H. G.</a>, (1896). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-RobMoko.html">Moko, or Maori Tattooing</a>.</i> digital edition from New Zealand Electronic Text Centre</li> <li>Te Awekotuku, Ngahuia, "Tā Moko: Māori Tattoo", in <i>Goldie</i>, (1997) exhibition catalogue, Auckland: Auckland City Art Gallery and David Bateman, pp. 108–114.</li> <li>Te Awekotuku, Ngahuia, "More than Skin Deep", in Barkan, E. and Bush, R. (eds.), <i>Claiming the Stone: Naming the Bones: Cultural Property and the Negotiation of National and Ethnic Identity</i> (2002) Los Angeles: Getty Press, pp. 243–254.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C4%81_moko&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:T%C4%81_moko" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tā moko">Tā moko</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tepapa.govt.nz/discover-collections/read-watch-play/maori/ta-moko-maori-tattoos-history">Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Online Resources on Moko</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/search/moko/results">Images relating to moko from the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-corpus-moko.html">New Zealand Electronic Text Centre collection on Ta Moko, mokamokai, Horatio Robley and his art. A bibliography provides further links to other online resources.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-19628418">The rise of the Maori tribal tattoo</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News Magazine">BBC News Magazine</a></i>, 21 September 2012, <a href="/wiki/Ngahuia_Te_Awekotuku" title="Ngahuia Te Awekotuku">Ngahuia Te Awekotuku</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Waikato" title="University of Waikato">University of Waikato</a>, New Zealand</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tattoo" title="Template talk:Tattoo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tattoo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tattoo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tattoos_and_tattooing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tattoo" title="Tattoo">Tattoos</a> and tattooing</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Body_art" title="Body art">Body art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_modification" title="Body modification">Body modification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattoo_convention" title="Tattoo convention">Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_(tattoo)" title="Flash (tattoo)">Flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_tattoos" title="Health effects of tattoos">Health effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tattooing" title="History of tattooing">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_tattooing" title="Religious perspectives on tattooing">Religious perspectives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattoo_removal" title="Tattoo removal">Removal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LED_tattoo" title="LED tattoo">LED</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_tattoo" title="Medical tattoo">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_makeup" title="Permanent makeup">Permanent makeup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_tattoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporary tattoo">Temporary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Process and technique</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tattoo_artist" title="Tattoo artist">Artist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cover-up_tattoo" title="Cover-up tattoo">Cover-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattoo_ink" title="Tattoo ink">Ink</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UV_tattoo" title="UV tattoo">UV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattoo_machine" title="Tattoo machine">Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microblading" title="Microblading">Microblading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_of_tattooing" title="Process of tattooing">Process of tattooing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions and practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Tattooing" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Atayal (<span title="Atayal-language text"><i lang="tay"><a href="/wiki/Atayal_people#Facial_tattoos" title="Atayal people">Ptasan</a></i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_traditional_tattooing" class="mw-redirect" title="Bornean traditional tattooing">Bornean</a></li> <li>Filipino (<span title="Cebuano-language text"><i lang="ceb"><a href="/wiki/Batok" title="Batok">Batok</a></i></span>)</li> <li>Māori (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tā moko</a></i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Marquesas_Islands#Tatu" title="Culture of the Marquesas Islands">Marquesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentawai_people#Culture_and_lifestyle" title="Mentawai people">Mentawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_tattooing" title="Rapa Nui tattooing">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li>Samoan (<span title="Samoan-language text"><i lang="sm"><a href="/wiki/Malu" title="Malu">Malu</a></i></span>, <span title="Samoan-language text"><i lang="sm"><a href="/wiki/Pe%CA%BBa" title="Peʻa">Peʻa</a></i></span>)</li> <li>Fijian (<a href="/wiki/Veiqia" title="Veiqia">Veiqia</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_traditional_tattooing" title="Albanian traditional tattooing">Albanian traditional tattooing</a></li> <li>Bosnia and Herzegovina (<span title="Croatian-language text"><i lang="hr"><a href="/wiki/Sicanje" title="Sicanje">Sicanje</a></i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: hrv promoted to code: hr </span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mainland Asian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Burmese (<span title="Burmese-language text"><i lang="my"><a href="/wiki/Tattooing_in_Myanmar" title="Tattooing in Myanmar">Htoe kwin</a></i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: mya promoted to code: my </span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattooing_in_China" title="Tattooing in China">Chinese</a></li> <li>Khmer/Laos/Thai (<span title="Sanskrit-language text"><i lang="sa-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Yantra_tattooing" title="Yantra tattooing">Yantra</a></i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattooing_in_South_Korea" title="Tattooing in South Korea">South Korean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japanese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ainu (<span title="Ainu (Japan)-language text"><i lang="ain"><a href="/wiki/Anchi-piri" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchi-piri">Anchi-piri</a></i></span>)</li> <li>Yamato (<span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja"><a href="/wiki/Irezumi" title="Irezumi">Irezumi</a></i></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja"><a href="/wiki/Horimono" title="Horimono">Horimono</a></i></span>)</li> <li>Ryukyuan (<span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja"><a href="/wiki/Hajichi" title="Hajichi">Hajichi</a></i></span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kurdish/Yazidi (<span title="Kurdish-language text"><i lang="ku"><a href="/wiki/Deq_(tattoo)" title="Deq (tattoo)">Deq</a></i></span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_tattooing#Americas" title="History of tattooing">Native American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Inuit (<span title="Inuktitut-language text"><i lang="iu"><a href="/wiki/Kakiniit" title="Kakiniit">Kakiniit</a></i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: iku promoted to code: iu </span>, <span title="Inupiaq-language text"><i lang="ik"><a href="/wiki/Tavlugun" title="Tavlugun">Tavlugun</a></i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ipk promoted to code: ik </span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tattooing#Osage_Nation" title="History of tattooing">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tattooing#Haudenosaunee_Confederation" title="History of tattooing">Haudenosaunee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_tattooing#North_Africa" title="History of tattooing">North African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tattooing#Egypt_and_Nubia" title="History of tattooing">Ancient Egyptian/Nubian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Morocco#Tattooing" title="Culture of Morocco">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tattooing#Copts" title="History of tattooing">Coptic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other contexts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_tattoo" title="Animal tattoo">Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_tattoo" title="Criminal tattoo">Criminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identification_of_inmates_in_Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Identification of inmates in Nazi concentration camps">Nazi concentration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_tattooing" title="Prison tattooing">Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailor_tattoos" title="Sailor tattoos">Sailor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattooed_lady" title="Tattooed lady">Tattooed lady</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles and designs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-gray" title="Black-and-gray">Black-and-gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_tattoo" title="Blackout tattoo">Blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy_tattoos" title="Chinese calligraphy tattoos">Chinese calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_dots_tattoo" title="Five dots tattoo">Five dots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_star" title="Nautical star">Nautical star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_school_(tattoo)" title="New school (tattoo)">New school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_traditional" title="American traditional">Old school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soundwave_tattoos" title="Soundwave tattoos">Soundwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teardrop_tattoo" title="Teardrop tattoo">Teardrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trash_polka" title="Trash polka">Trash polka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodily location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Body_suit_(tattoo)" title="Body suit (tattoo)">Body suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneal_tattooing" title="Corneal tattooing">Cornea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_tattoo" title="Face tattoo">Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_tattooing" title="Genital tattooing">Genital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuckle_tattoo" title="Knuckle tattoo">Knuckle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower-back_tattoo" title="Lower-back tattoo">Lower-back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_tattoo" title="Hair tattoo">Scalp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scleral_tattooing" title="Scleral tattooing">Sclera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeve_tattoo" title="Sleeve tattoo">Sleeve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_tattooing_in_European_countries" title="Legal status of tattooing in European countries">European countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_tattooing_in_the_United_States" title="Legal status of tattooing in the United States">the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culture_of_indigenous_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Template:Culture of Oceania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Template talk:Culture of Oceania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Oceania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culture_of_indigenous_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_peoples#Oceania" title="List of Indigenous peoples">Culture of indigenous Oceania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>List of resources about traditional arts and culture of Oceania</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_art" title="Oceanian art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island#Ahu" title="Easter Island">Ahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Indigenous Australian art">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Arts" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapa" title="Kapa">kapa (Hawaiʻi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_(garland)" title="Lei (garland)">Lei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magimagi" title="Magimagi">magimagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moai" title="Moai">moai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_art" title="New Zealand art">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:M%C4%81ori_art" title="Category:Māori art">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguzu_nguzu" title="Nguzu nguzu">nguzu nguzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_art" title="Oceanian art">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_art" title="Papua New Guinean art">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reimiro" title="Reimiro">reimiro</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">tā moko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabua" title="Tabua">tabua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BBovala" title="Taʻovala">taʻovala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapa_cloth" title="Tapa cloth">tapa ["masi" (Fiji), "ngatu" (Tonga), "siapo" (Sāmoa), " ʻuha" (Rotuma)]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattoo" title="Tattoo">tattoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%93fui" title="Tēfui">tēfui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivaevae" title="Tivaevae">tivaevae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Broad culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">areca nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kava" title="Kava">"yaqona" (Fiji), or "sakau" (Pohnpei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kava_culture" title="Kava culture">Kava culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapita_culture" title="Lapita culture">Lapita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_culture" title="Polynesian culture">Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_%27ava_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoa 'ava ceremony">Sāmoa 'ava ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wood_carving#Aboriginal" title="History of wood carving">Wood carving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geo-specific,<br />general</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians#Culture" title="Indigenous Australians">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_astronomy" title="Australian Aboriginal astronomy">Australian Aboriginal astronomy</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Culture" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands#People_and_culture" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a>, <i>-<a href="/wiki/Pwo" title="Pwo">Pwo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriori#Revival_of_culture" title="Moriori">Chatham Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands#Culture" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island#Culture" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Fiji" title="Culture of Fiji">Fiji</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lau_Islands#Culture_and_economy" title="Lau Islands">Lau Islands</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fijian_traditions_and_ceremonies" title="Fijian traditions and ceremonies">traditions and ceremonies</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam#Culture" title="Guam">Guam</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lomilomi_massage" title="Lomilomi massage">Lomilomi massage</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kiribati" title="Culture of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Marquesas_Islands" title="Culture of the Marquesas Islands">French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia#Culture" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nauru" title="Culture of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia#Culture" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Zealand" title="Culture of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue#Culture" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island#Culture" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau#Culture" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Culture of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands#Culture_and_religion" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoan culture">Sāmoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Solomon_Islands" title="Culture of the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tonga" title="Culture of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders#Culture" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu#Culture" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Vanuatu" title="Culture of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna#Culture" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_navigation" title="Polynesian navigation">Polynesian Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_navigation" title="Micronesian navigation">Micronesian Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshallese culture">Marshall Islands</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands_stick_chart" title="Marshall Islands stick chart">Stick charts of</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yap#Culture" title="Yap">Yap</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yap#Navigation_(sailing)" title="Yap">navigation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weriyeng" title="Weriyeng">Weriyeng navigation school</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canoes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_dugout_canoe" title="Aboriginal dugout canoe">Aboriginal dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alingano_Maisu" title="Alingano Maisu">Alingano Maisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Bangka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drua" title="Drua">Drua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(boat)#Pacific_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Dugout (boat)">Dugout (boat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dk%C5%ABle%CA%BBa" title="Hōkūleʻa">Hōkūleʻa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaep" title="Kaep">Kaep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoa" title="Karakoa">Karakoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_migration_canoes" title="Māori migration canoes">Māori migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger_canoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Outrigger canoe">Outrigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paopao_(canoe)" title="Paopao (canoe)"> Paopao (Tuvalu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraw" title="Paraw">Paraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_sailing#Polynesian_sailing_canoes" title="Canoe sailing">Polynesian sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proa" title="Proa">Proa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinta" title="Vinta">Vinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">Waka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_M%C4%81ori_waka" title="List of Māori waka">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walap" title="Walap">Walap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAparima" title="ʻAparima">ʻAparima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cibi" title="Cibi">cibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fara_(Rotuman_festivity)" title="Fara (Rotuman festivity)">fara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_performance" title="Fire performance">fire dancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firewalking" title="Firewalking">firewalking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haka" title="Haka">haka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hivinau" title="Hivinau">hivinau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hula" title="Hula">hula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailao" title="Kailao">kailao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapa_haka" title="Kapa haka">kapa haka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Kiribati" title="Dance in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meke" title="Meke">meke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27ote%27a" title="'ote'a">'ote'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%27o%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa'o'a">pa'o'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poi_(performance_art)" title="Poi (performance art)">poi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Rotuma" title="Dance in Rotuma">Rotuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_culture#Dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoan culture">siva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dances_of_Tahiti" title="Category:Dances of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamure" title="Tamure">tāmūrē</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tautoga" title="Tautoga">tautoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dances_of_Tonga" title="Category:Dances of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27upa%27upa" title="'upa'upa">'upa'upa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Australia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garma_Festival_of_Traditional_Cultures" title="Garma Festival of Traditional Cultures">Garma Festival</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hawaiʻi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aloha_Festivals" title="Aloha Festivals">Aloha Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrie_Monarch_Festival" title="Merrie Monarch Festival">Merrie Monarch Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Invitational_Hula_Festival" title="World Invitational Hula Festival">World Invitational Hula Festival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Fiji" title="List of festivals in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li>New Zealand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasifika_Festival" title="Pasifika Festival">Pasifika Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Matatini" title="Te Matatini">Te Matatini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Community" title="Pacific Community">Pacific Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Pacific_Arts" title="Festival of Pacific Arts">Festival of Pacific Arts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Category:Festivals in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Oceania" title="Languages of Oceania">Languages of Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Australia" title="Languages of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Fiji" title="Languages of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Marshall_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand" title="Languages of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Palau" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Languages of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tuvalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Vanuatu" title="Languages of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Cook_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Easter_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_French_Polynesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Caledonia" title="Languages of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Norfolk_Island" title="Languages of Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tokelau" title="Languages of Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Wallis_and_Futuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by category</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Oceania" title="Category:Languages of Oceania">Languages of Oceania</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_literature" title="Oceanian literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Literature_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Oceania">Literature of Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Federated States of Micronesia (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Fiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Kiribati (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Marshall_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Marshall Islands (page does not exist)">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Nauru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Nauru (page does not exist)">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Palau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Palau (page does not exist)">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Solomon_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Solomon Islands (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Tuvalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Tuvalu (page does not exist)">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Vanuatu" title="Literature of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_the_Cook_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of American Samoa (page does not exist)">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_French_Polynesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of French Polynesia (page does not exist)">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Guam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Guam (page does not exist)">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_New_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Norfolk_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Norfolk Island (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Northern Mariana Islands (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Pitcairn Islands (page does not exist)">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Tokelau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Tokelau (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Wallis_and_Futuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Wallis and Futuna (page does not exist)">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Austral_Islands" title="Music of the Austral Islands">Austral Islands (French Polynesia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Australia" title="Indigenous music of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Music" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Music of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Easter_Island" title="Music of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Fiji" title="Music of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guam" title="Music of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kiribati" title="Music of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lali_(drum)" title="Lali (drum)">Lali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Melanesia" title="Music of Melanesia">Melanesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nauru" title="Music of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Caledonia" title="Music of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Zealand" title="Music of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_music" title="Māori music">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Niue" title="Music of Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Music of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palau" title="Music of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Music of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Polynesia" title="Music of Polynesia">Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Samoa" title="Music of Samoa">Sāmoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slit_drum" title="Slit drum">Slit drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Music of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tahiti" title="Music of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tokelau" title="Music of Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tonga" title="Music of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vanuatu" title="Music of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Polynesia" title="Music of Polynesia">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mythology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal mythology">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fijian_mythology" title="Category:Fijian mythology">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangarevan_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangarevan mythology">Mangarevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahiti_and_Society_Islands_mythology" title="Tahiti and Society Islands mythology">Maohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_mythology" title="Māori mythology">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_mythology" title="Melanesian mythology">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menehune" title="Menehune">Menehune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Oceanian legendary creatures">Oceanian legendary creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_mythology" title="Polynesian mythology">Polynesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_mythology" title="Rapa Nui mythology">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_mythology" title="Samoan mythology">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_mythology" title="Tuvaluan mythology">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vanuatu_mythology" title="Category:Vanuatu mythology">Vanuatuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_American_and_Pacific_Islander_Policy_Research_Consortium" title="Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium">Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Studies" title="Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies">Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama-Bajau" title="Sama-Bajau">Sama-Bajau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriori" title="Moriori">Chatham Islander (Moriori <em>or</em> Rekohu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijians" title="Fijians">Fijian (iTaukei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_people" title="Ilocano people">Ilocano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igorot" class="mw-redirect" title="Igorot">Igorot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivatan_people" title="Ivatan people">Ivatans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumad" title="Lumad">Lumad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Demographics of the Marshall Islands">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesians" title="Melanesians">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesians" title="Micronesians">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrito" title="Negrito">Negrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Islanders" title="Norfolk Islanders">Norfolk Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people_of_New_Guinea" title="Indigenous people of New Guinea">Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maohi" title="Maohi">Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_people" title="Rapa Nui people">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotumans" title="Rotumans">Rotuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoans" title="Samoans">Samoan (Tagata Māo‘i)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahitians" title="Tahitians">Tahitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese aborigines">Taiwanese aborigines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelauan_people" title="Tokelauan people">Tokelauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Tonga" title="Demographics of Tonga">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayans" title="Visayans">Visayans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yami_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Yami people">Yami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion_in_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oceania" title="Religion in Oceania">Religion in Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Australia" title="Religion in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Religion in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Fiji" title="Religion in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kiribati" title="Religion in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Religion in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nauru" title="Religion in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Zealand" title="Religion in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Palau" title="Religion in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Religion in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Samoa" title="Religion in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Solomon_Islands" title="Religion in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tonga" title="Religion in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tuvalu" title="Religion in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vanuatu" title="Religion in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Religion in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_French_Polynesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Norfolk_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tokelau" title="Religion in Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wallis_and_Futuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>For other topics including Oceanian <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Oceania">cinema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shell_money_in_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell money in Oceania">indigenous currency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Oceanian_clothing" title="Category:History of Oceanian clothing">dress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_folklore" title="Category:Oceanian folklore">folklore</a> and <a 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