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class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 8355</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: feed production</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8145</span> Effects of Glucogenic and Lipogenic Diets on Ruminal Microbiota and Metabolites in Vitro</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beihai%20Xiong">Beihai Xiong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dengke%20Hua"> Dengke Hua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wouter%20Hendriks"> Wouter Hendriks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilbert%20Pellikaan"> Wilbert Pellikaan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To improve the energy status of dairy cows in the early lactation, lots of jobs have been done on adjusting the starch to fiber ratio in the diet. As a complex ecosystem, the rumen contains a large population of microorganisms which plays a crucial role in feed degradation. Further study on the microbiota alterations and metabolic changes under different dietary energy sources is essential and valuable to better understand the function of the ruminal microorganisms and thereby to optimize the rumen function and enlarge feed efficiency. The present study will focus on the effects of two glucogenic diets (G: ground corn and corn silage; S: steam-flaked corn and corn silage) and a lipogenic diet (L: sugar beet pulp and alfalfa silage) on rumen fermentation, gas production, the ruminal microbiota and metabolome, and also their correlations in vitro. The gas production was recorded consistently, and the gas volume and producing rate at times 6, 12, 24, 48 h were calculated separately. The fermentation end-products were measured after fermenting for 48 h. The ruminal bacteria and archaea communities were determined by 16S RNA sequencing technique, the metabolome profile was tested through LC-MS methods. Compared to the diet G and S, the L diet had a lower dry matter digestibility, propionate production, and ammonia-nitrogen concentration. The two glucogenic diets performed worse in controlling methane and lactic acid production compared to the L diet. The S diet produced the greatest cumulative gas volume at any time points during incubation compared to the G and L diet. The metabolic analysis revealed that the lipid digestion was up-regulated by the diet L than other diets. On the subclass level, most metabolites belonging to the fatty acids and conjugates were higher, but most metabolites belonging to the amino acid, peptides, and analogs were lower in diet L than others. Differences in rumen fermentation characteristics were associated with (or resulting from) changes in the relative abundance of bacterial and archaeal genera. Most highly abundant bacteria were stable or slightly influenced by diets, while several amylolytic and cellulolytic bacteria were sensitive to the dietary changes. The L diet had a significantly higher number of cellulolytic bacteria, including the genera of Ruminococcus, Butyrivibrio, Eubacterium, Lachnospira, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, and unclassified Ruminococcaceae. The relative abundances of amylolytic bacteria genera including Selenomonas_1, Ruminobacter, and Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-002 were higher in diet G and S. These affected bacteria was also proved to have high associations with certain metabolites. The Selenomonas_1 and Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-002 may contribute to the higher propionate production in the diet G and S through enhancing the succinate pathway. The results indicated that the two glucogenic diets had a greater extent of gas production, a higher dry matter digestibility, and produced more propionate than diet L. The steam-flaked corn did not show a better performance on fermentation end-products than ground corn. This study has offered a deeper understanding of ruminal microbial functions which could assistant the improvement in rumen functions and thereby in the ruminant production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20production" title="gas production">gas production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolome" title=" metabolome"> metabolome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiota" title=" microbiota"> microbiota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rumen%20fermentation" title=" rumen fermentation"> rumen fermentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143709/effects-of-glucogenic-and-lipogenic-diets-on-ruminal-microbiota-and-metabolites-in-vitro" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8144</span> The Investigation of Effectiveness of Different Concentrations of the Mycotoxin Detoxification Agent Added to Broiler Feed, in the Presence of T-2 Toxin, on Performance, Organ Mass and the Residues T-2 Toxin and His Metabolites in the Broiler Tissues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jelena%20Nedeljkovi%C4%87%20Trailovi%C4%87">Jelena Nedeljković Trailović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marko%20Vasiljevi%C4%87"> Marko Vasiljević</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jog%20Raj"> Jog Raj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hunor%20Farka%C5%A1"> Hunor Farkaš</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Branko%20Petrujki%C4%87"> Branko Petrujkić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stamen%20Radulovi%C4%87"> Stamen Radulović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gorana%20Popvi%C4%87"> Gorana Popvić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The experiment was performed on a total of 99 one-day-old broilers of Cob 500 provenance, which were divided into IX equal groups. Broilers of the E-I group were fed 0.25 mg T-2 toxin/kg feed, E-II and E-III groups 0.25 mg T-2 toxin/kg feed with the addition of 1 kg/t and 3 kg/t of the mycotoxin detoxification agent MDA, respectively. The E-IV group received 1 mg of T-2 toxin/kg of feed, and the broilers of E-V and E-VI groups received 1 mg of T-2 toxin/kg of feed with the addition of 1 kg/t and 3 kg/t of the MDA detoxification preparation, respectively. The E-VII group received commercial feed without toxins and additives, the E-VIII and E-IX groups received feed with 1kg/t and 3kg/t of the MDA detoxification preparation. The trial lasted 42 days. Observing the results obtained on the 42nd day of the experiment, we can conclude that the change in the absolute mass of the spleen occurred in the broilers of the E-IV group (1.66±0.14)g, which was statistically significantly lower compared to the broilers of the E-V and E-VI groups (2.58±0.15 and 2.68±0.23)g. Heart mass was significantly statistically lower in broilers of group E-IV (9.1±0.38)g compared to broilers of group E-V and E-VI (12.23±0.5 and 11.43±0.51)g. It can be concluded that the broilers that received 1 kg/t and 3 kg/t of the detoxification preparation had an absolute mass of organs within physiological limits. Broilers of the E-IV group achieved the lowest BM during the experiment (on the 42nd day of the experiment 1879±52.73)g, they were significantly statistically lower than the BW of broilers of all experimental groups. This trend is observed from the beginning to the end of the experiment. The protective effect of the detoxification preparation can be seen in broilers of the E-V group, that had a significantly statistically higher BM on the 42nd day of the experiment (2225±58.81)g compared to broilers of group E-IV. Broilers of E-VIII group (2452±46.71) g, which received commercial feed with the addition of 1 kg/t MDA preparation, had the highest BMI at the end of the experiment. At the end of the trial on the 42nd day, blood samples were collected from broilers of the experimental groups that received T-2 toxin and MR detoxification preparations in different concentrations. Also, liver and breast musculature samples were collected for testing for the presence and content of T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, T-2 tetraol and T-2 triol. Due to very rapid elimination from the blood, no remains of T-2 toxin and its metabolites were detected in the blood of broilers of groups E-I to E-VI. In the breast muscles, T-2 toxin residues below LoQ < 0.2 (μg/kg) were detected in all groups that received T-2 toxin in food, the highest value was recorded in the E-IV group (0.122 μg/kg and the lowest in E -VI group 0.096 μg/kg). No T-2 toxin residues were detected in the liver. Remains of HT-2 were detected in the breast muscles and livers of broilers from E-IV, E-V and E-VI groups, LoQ < 1 (μg/kg); for the breast muscles: 0.054, 0.044 and 0.041 μg/kg, and for the liver: 0.473, 0.231 and 0.185 μg/kg. Summing up all the results, a partial protective effect of the detoxification preparation, added to food in the amount of 1kg/t, can be seen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T-2%20toxin" title="T-2 toxin">T-2 toxin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bloiler" title=" bloiler"> bloiler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MDA" title=" MDA"> MDA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycotoxuns" title=" mycotoxuns"> mycotoxuns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177742/the-investigation-of-effectiveness-of-different-concentrations-of-the-mycotoxin-detoxification-agent-added-to-broiler-feed-in-the-presence-of-t-2-toxin-on-performance-organ-mass-and-the-residues-t-2-toxin-and-his-metabolites-in-the-broiler-tissues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8143</span> Evaluation of Nutrient Intake, Body Weight Gain and Carcass Characteristics of Growing Washera Lamb Fed Grass Hay as a Basal Diet with Supplementation of Dried Atella and Niger Seed Cake in Different Combinations </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fana%20Woldetsadik">Fana Woldetsadik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ethiopia has a huge livestock population, including sheep, that has been contributing a considerable portion to the economy of the country and still promising to rally around the economic advancement of the country. However, feed shortage is a limiting factor in the production and productivity of sheep among Ethiopian smallholder farmers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prove the role of the locally available brewery by-products called dried Atella as a supplement in feed intake, digestibility, live weight gain, carcass yield, and economic benefit in comparison with commercially purchased supplements known as niger seed cake (NSC). This on-station feeding experiment was conducted on the Zenzelma Campus of Bahir Dar University animal farm. The experimental design used for this research was a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications. The crude protein (CP) content of dried Atella, wheat bran (WB), natural pasture hay (NPH) and NSC were about 25.07%, 16.57%, 4.48% and 38.04%, respectively, while the neutral detergent fibre (NDF),acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) content of dried Atella, WB, NPH and NSC were around 31.75%, 8.31%, 8.14%; 42.05%, 22.64%, 4.04%; 74.21%, 50.81%, 8.66%; 42.31%, 26.95% and 6.9%, respectively. The result depicted that a higher(P < 0.001) feed intake, nutrient intake, and digestibility for lambs supplemented with Atella than those supplemented with NSC. Furthermore, daily body weight gain and carcass characteristics were better (P < 0.05) for the sheep supplemented with dried Atella than NSC. On the other hand, in terms of profitability, although there was no substantial difference (P > 0.05) between T2 (animals fed NPH,NSC and WB) and T3 (animals fed NPH, Atella and WB), slightly better benefit was recorded in T3 groups. However, loss of money was recorded in T1 (animals fed NPH and WB). Hence, from the biological performance of lambs, it was concluded that Atella could be a potential supplementary feed for sheep fattening among smallholder farmers than NSC despite no profitability difference. Nevertheless, further investigation is recommended to examine the consequence of supplementation of NPH with NSC and NPH with Atella on fatty acid profile analysis, the physicochemical composition of meat, and meat composition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Attela" title="Attela">Attela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahir%20Dar%20university" title=" Bahir Dar university"> Bahir Dar university</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carcass%20yield" title=" Carcass yield"> Carcass yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digestibility" title=" digestibility"> digestibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20pasture%20hay" title=" natural pasture hay"> natural pasture hay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niger%20seed%20cake" title=" Niger seed cake"> Niger seed cake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smallholder%20farmers" title=" smallholder farmers"> smallholder farmers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight%20gain" title=" weight gain"> weight gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title=" Ethiopia "> Ethiopia </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135036/evaluation-of-nutrient-intake-body-weight-gain-and-carcass-characteristics-of-growing-washera-lamb-fed-grass-hay-as-a-basal-diet-with-supplementation-of-dried-atella-and-niger-seed-cake-in-different-combinations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135036.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8142</span> Separate Production of Hydrogen and Methane from Ethanol Wastewater Using Two-Stage UASB: Micronutrient Transportation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Jaikeaw">S. Jaikeaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chavadej"> S. Chavadej</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to determine the effects of COD loading rate on hydrogen and methane production and micronutrient transportation using a two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system under mesophilic temperature (37°C) with a constant recycle ratio of 1:1 (final effluent flow rate: feed flow rate). The first (hydrogen) UASB unit having 4 L liquid holding volume was controlled at pH 5.5 but the second (methane) UASB unit having 24 L liquid holding volume had no pH control. The two-stage UASB system operated at different COD loading rates from 8 to 20 kg/m³d based on total UASB working volume. The results showed that, at the optimum COD loading rate of 13 kg/m³d, the produced gas from the hydrogen UASB unit contained 1.5% H₂, 16.5% CH₄, and 82% CO₂ with H₂S of 252 ppm and also provided a hydrogen yield of 1.66 mL/g COD removed (or 0.56 mL/g COD applied) and a specific hydrogen production rate of 156.85 ml H₂/LRd (or 5.12 ml H₂/g MLVSS d). Under the optimum COD loading rate, the produced gas from the methane UASB unit mainly contained methane and carbon dioxide without hydrogen of 74 and 26%, respectively with hydrogen sulfide of 287 ppm and the system also provided a maximum methane yield of 407.00 mL/g COD removed (or 263.23 mL/g COD applied) and a specific methane production rate of 2081.44 ml CH₄/LRd (or 99.75 ml CH₄/g MLVSS d). Under the optimum COD loading rate, all micronutrients markedly dropped by the sulfide precipitation reactions. The reduction of micronutrients mostly appeared in the methane UASB unit. Under the studied conditions, both Co and Ni were found to be greatly precipitated out, causing the deficiency to microbial activity. It is hypothesized that an addition of both Co and Ni can improve the methanogenic activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20and%20methane%20production" title="hydrogen and methane production">hydrogen and methane production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanol%20wastewater" title=" ethanol wastewater"> ethanol wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=a%20two-stage%20upflow%20anaerobic%20blanket%20%28UASB%29%20system" title=" a two-stage upflow anaerobic blanket (UASB) system"> a two-stage upflow anaerobic blanket (UASB) system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesophillic%20temperature" title=" mesophillic temperature"> mesophillic temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20concentration%20%28MLVSS%29" title=" microbial concentration (MLVSS)"> microbial concentration (MLVSS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micronutrients" title=" micronutrients"> micronutrients</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66190/separate-production-of-hydrogen-and-methane-from-ethanol-wastewater-using-two-stage-uasb-micronutrient-transportation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8141</span> Effect of Feed Supplement Optipartum C+ 200 (Alfa- Amylase and Beta-Glucanase) in In-Line Rumination Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ram%C5%ABnas%20Antanaitis">Ramūnas Antanaitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lina%20Anskien%C4%97"> Lina Anskienė</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robertas%20Sto%C5%A1kus"> Robertas Stoškus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted during 2021.05.01 – 2021.08.31 at the Lithuanian University of health sciences and one Lithuanian dairy farm with 500 dairy cows (55.911381565736, 21.881321760608195). Average calving – 50 cows per month. Cows (n=20) in the treatment group (TG) were fed with feed supplement Optipartum C+ 200 (Enzymes: Alfa- Amylase 57 Units; Beta-Glucanase 107 Units) from 21 days before calving till 30 days after calving with feeding rate 200g/cow/day. Cows in the control group (CG) were fed a feed ration without feed supplement. Measurements started from 6 days before calving and continued till 21 days after calving. The following indicators were registered: with the RumiWatch System: Rumination time; Eating time; Drinking time; Rumination chews; Eating chews; Drinking gulps; Bolus; Chews per minute; Chews per bolus. With SmaXtec system - the temperature, pH of the contents of cows' reticulorumens and cows' activity. According to our results, we found that feeding of cows, from 21 days before calving to 30 days after calving, with a feed supplement with alfa- amylase and beta-glucanase (Optipartum C+ 200) (with dose 200g/cow/day) can produce an increase in: 9% rumination time and eating time, 19% drinking time, 11% rumination chews, 16% eating chews,13% number of boluses per rumination, 5% chews per minute and 16% chews per bolus. We found 1.28 % lower reiticulorumen pH and 0.64% lower reticulorumen temperature in cows fed with the supplement compared with control group cows. Also, cows feeding with enzymes were 8.80% more active. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfa-Amylase" title="Alfa-Amylase">Alfa-Amylase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beta-Glucanase" title=" Beta-Glucanase"> Beta-Glucanase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cows" title=" cows"> cows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-line" title=" in-line"> in-line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensors" title=" sensors"> sensors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143264/effect-of-feed-supplement-optipartum-c-200-alfa-amylase-and-beta-glucanase-in-in-line-rumination-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8140</span> Optimization of Machining Parameters in AlSi/10%AlN Metal Matrix Composite Material by TiN Coating Insert</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Na%27imy%20Wan">Nurul Na'imy Wan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Sazali%20Said"> Mohamad Sazali Said</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaharah%20Ab.%20Ghani"> Jaharah Ab. Ghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rusli%20Othman"> Rusli Othman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the surface roughness of the aluminium silicon alloy (AlSi) matrix composite which has been reinforced with aluminium nitride (AlN). Experiments were conducted at various cutting speeds, feed rates, and depths of cut, according to a standard orthogonal array L27 of Taguchi method using TiN coating tool of insert. The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance are applied to study the characteristic performance of cutting speeds, feed rates and depths of cut in measuring the surface roughness during the milling operation. The surface roughness was observed using Mitutoyo Formtracer CS-500 and analyzed using the Taguchi method. From the Taguchi analysis, it was found that cutting speed of 230 m/min, feed rate of 0.4 mm/tooth, depth of cut of 0.3 mm were the optimum machining parameters using TiN coating insert. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AlSi%2FAlN%20metal%20matrix%20composite%20%28MMC%29" title="AlSi/AlN metal matrix composite (MMC)">AlSi/AlN metal matrix composite (MMC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi%20method" title=" Taguchi method"> Taguchi method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machining%20parameters" title=" machining parameters"> machining parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7183/optimization-of-machining-parameters-in-alsi10aln-metal-matrix-composite-material-by-tin-coating-insert" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8139</span> Debate between Breast Milk and Formula Milk in Nutritional Value</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nora%20Alkharji">Nora Alkharji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafa%20Fallatah"> Wafa Fallatah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: One of the major issues to consider when is deciding on what to feed a baby is the quality of the food itself. Whilst commercially prepared infant formulas are a nutritious alternative to breast milk, and even contain some vitamins and nutrients, most major medical organizations consider breastfeeding the best nutritional option for babies. Choosing whether to breastfeed or formula feed your baby is one of the first decisions expectant parents will make. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is in agreement with other organizations such as the American Medical Association (AMA), the American Dietetic Association (ADA), and the World Health Organization (WHO) in recommending breastfeeding as the best nutrition for babies and best suited for a baby's digestive system. In addition, breastfeeding helps in the combatting of infections, prevention of allergies, and protection against various chronic conditions. The decision to breastfeed or formula feed one’s baby is a very personal one. However, certain points need to be clarified regarding the nutritional value of breastfeeding versus formula feeding to allow for informed decision-making. Methodology: -A formal debate about whether to breastfeed or formula feed babies as the better choice. -There will be two debaters, both lactation consultants -Arguments will be based on evidence-based medicine -Duration period of debated: 45 min Result: Clarification and heightened awareness of the benefits of breastfeeding. Conclusion: This debate will make the choice between breastfeeding or formula feeding a relatively easy one to make by both health worker and parents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breastmilk" title="breastmilk">breastmilk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formula%20milk" title=" formula milk"> formula milk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritional" title=" nutritional"> nutritional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparison" title=" comparison"> comparison</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20420/debate-between-breast-milk-and-formula-milk-in-nutritional-value" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8138</span> Knowledge and Ontology Engineering in Continuous Monitoring of Production Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maciej%20Zar%C4%99ba">Maciej Zaręba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%C5%82awomir%20Lasota"> Sławomir Lasota</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The monitoring of manufacturing processes is an important issue in nowadays ERP systems. The identification and analysis of appropriate data for the units that take part in the production process are ones of the most crucial problems. In this paper, the authors introduce a new approach towards modelling the relation between production units, signals, and factors possible to obtain from the production system. The main idea for the system is based on the ontology of production units. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturing%20operation%20management" title="manufacturing operation management">manufacturing operation management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OWL" title=" OWL"> OWL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ontology%20implementation" title=" ontology implementation"> ontology implementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ontology%20modeling" title=" ontology modeling"> ontology modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155251/knowledge-and-ontology-engineering-in-continuous-monitoring-of-production-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8137</span> Quality Management in Spice Paprika Production as a Synergy of Internal and External Quality Measures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%89.%20K%C3%B3nya">É. Kónya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Szab%C3%B3"> E. Szabó</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Bata-Vid%C3%A1cs"> I. Bata-Vidács</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20De%C3%A1k"> T. Deák</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ottucs%C3%A1k"> M. Ottucsák</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ad%C3%A1nyi"> N. Adányi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sz%C3%A9k%C3%A1cs"> A. Székács</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spice paprika is a major spice commodity in the European Union (EU), produced locally and imported from non-EU countries, reported not only for chemical and microbiological contamination, but also for fraud. The effective interaction between producers’ quality management practices and government and EU activities is described on the example of spice paprika production and control in Hungary, a country of leading spice paprika producer and per capita consumer in Europe. To demonstrate the importance of various contamination factors in the Hungarian production and EU trade of spice paprika, several aspects concerning food safety of this commodity are presented. Alerts in the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) of the EU between 2005 and 2013, as well as Hungarian state inspection results on spice paprika in 2004 are discussed, and quality non-compliance claims regarding spice paprika among EU member states are summarized in by means of network analysis. Quality assurance measures established along the spice paprika production technology chain at the leading Hungarian spice paprika manufacturer, Kalocsai Fűszerpaprika Zrt. are surveyed with main critical control points identified. The structure and operation of the Hungarian state food safety inspection system is described. Concerted performance of the latter two quality management systems illustrates the effective interaction between internal (manufacturer) and external (state) quality control measures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spice%20paprika" title="spice paprika">spice paprika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20control" title=" quality control"> quality control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reporting%20mechanisms" title=" reporting mechanisms"> reporting mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RASFF" title=" RASFF"> RASFF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerable%20points" title=" vulnerable points"> vulnerable points</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HACCP" title=" HACCP"> HACCP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49176/quality-management-in-spice-paprika-production-as-a-synergy-of-internal-and-external-quality-measures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8136</span> Investigation of Influence of Maize Stover Components and Urea Treatment on Dry Matter Digestibility and Fermentation Kinetics Using in vitro Gas Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anon%20Paserakung">Anon Paserakung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaloemphon%20Muangyen"> Chaloemphon Muangyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suban%20Foiklang"> Suban Foiklang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanin%20Opatpatanakit"> Yanin Opatpatanakit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Improving nutritive values and digestibility of maize stover is an alternative way to increase their utilization in ruminant and reduce air pollution from open burning of maize stover in the northern Thailand. The present study, 2x3 factorial arrangements in completely randomized design was conducted to investigate the effect of maize stover components (whole and upper stover; cut above 5th node). Urea treatment at levels 0, 3, and 6% DM on dry matter digestibility and fermentation kinetics of maize stover using in vitro gas production. After 21 days of urea treatment, results illustrated that there was no interaction between maize stover components and urea treatment on 48h in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). IVDMD was unaffected by maize stover components (P > 0.05), average IVDMD was 55%. However, using whole maize stover gave higher cumulative gas and gas kinetic parameters than those of upper stover (P<0.05). Treating maize stover by ensiling with urea resulted in a significant linear increase in IVDMD (P<0.05). IVDMD increased from 42.6% to 53.9% when increased urea concentration from 0 to 3% and maximum IVDMD (65.1%) was observed when maize stover was ensiled with 6% urea. Maize stover treated with urea at levels of 0, 3, and 6% linearly increased cumulative gas production at 96h (31.1 vs 50.5 and 59.1 ml, respectively) and all gas kinetic parameters excepted the gas production from the immediately soluble fraction (P<0.50). The results indicate that maize stover treated with 6% urea enhance in vitro dry matter digestibility and fermentation kinetics. This study provides a practical approach to increasing utilization of maize stover in feeding ruminant animals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maize%20stover" title="maize stover">maize stover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urea%20treatment" title=" urea treatment"> urea treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruminant%20feed" title=" ruminant feed"> ruminant feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20production" title=" gas production"> gas production</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73526/investigation-of-influence-of-maize-stover-components-and-urea-treatment-on-dry-matter-digestibility-and-fermentation-kinetics-using-in-vitro-gas-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73526.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8135</span> Design of a Novel CPW Fed Fractal Antenna for UWB</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20El%20Hamdouni">A. El Hamdouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Zbitou"> J. Zbitou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tajmouati"> A. Tajmouati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20El%20Abdellaoui"> L. El Abdellaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Errkik"> A. Errkik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tribak"> A. Tribak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Latrach"> M. Latrach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a novel fractal antenna structure proposed for UWB (Ultra – Wideband) applications. The frequency band 3.1-10.6 GHz released by FCC (Federal Communication Commission) as the commercial operation of UWB has been chosen as frequency range for this antenna based on coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed and circular shapes fulfilled according to fractal geometry. The proposed antenna is validated and designed by using an FR4 substrate with overall area of 34 x 43 mm2. The simulated results performed by CST-Microwave Studio and compared by ADS (Advanced Design System) show good matching input impedance with return loss less than -10 dB between 2.9 GHz and 11 GHz. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fractal%20antenna" title="Fractal antenna">Fractal antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fractal%20Geometry" title=" Fractal Geometry"> Fractal Geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CPW%20Feed" title=" CPW Feed"> CPW Feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UWB" title=" UWB"> UWB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FCC" title=" FCC"> FCC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17070/design-of-a-novel-cpw-fed-fractal-antenna-for-uwb" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8134</span> Life Prediction of Cutting Tool by the Workpiece Cutting Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noemia%20Gomes%20de%20Mattos%20de%20Mesquita">Noemia Gomes de Mattos de Mesquita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Eduardo%20Ferreira%20de%20Oliveira"> José Eduardo Ferreira de Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arimatea%20Quaresma%20Ferraz"> Arimatea Quaresma Ferraz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stops to exchange cutting tool, to set up again the tool in a turning operation with CNC or to measure the workpiece dimensions have a direct influence on production. The premature removal of the cutting tool results in high cost of machining since the parcel relating to the cost of the cutting tool increases. On the other hand, the late exchange of cutting tool also increases the cost of production because getting parts out of the preset tolerances may require rework for its use when it does not cause bigger problems such as breaking of cutting tools or the loss of the part. Therefore, the right time to exchange the tool should be well defined when wanted to minimize production costs. When the flank wear is the limiting tool life, the time predetermination that a cutting tool must be used for the machining occurs within the limits of tolerance can be done without difficulty. This paper aims to show how the life of the cutting tool can be calculated taking into account the cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed and depth of cut), workpiece material, power of the machine, the dimensional tolerance of the part, the finishing surface, the geometry of the cutting tool and operating conditions of the machine tool, once known the parameters of Taylor algebraic structure. These parameters were raised for the ABNT 1038 steel machined with cutting tools of hard metal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machining" title="machining">machining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productions" title=" productions"> productions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutting%20condition" title=" cutting condition"> cutting condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title=" design"> design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturing" title=" manufacturing"> manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurement" title=" measurement"> measurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9191/life-prediction-of-cutting-tool-by-the-workpiece-cutting-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">640</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8133</span> Comparative Effects of Dietary Ocimum Gratissimum and Antibiotic Growth Promoter on Body Weight and Gut Morphometry of Broiler Starters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20U.%20Odoemelam">Victor U. Odoemelam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ihemdirim%20C.%20Unamba-Opara"> Ihemdirim C. Unamba-Opara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martins%20C.%20Anyanwuocha"> Martins C. Anyanwuocha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Antibiotics used as growth promoters in animal feeds have been criticized and banned in many nations due to possible development of both drug resistance, cross resistance and multiple resistances by consumers. Numerous additives are now being used or proposed as alternatives. A study to compare the effects of Ocimum gratissimum (Scent leaf) and antibiotic growth promoter (Oxytetracycline HCl) on growth performance and intestinal morphology of starter broiler birds was conducted using ninety six (96) days old broiler birds. The birds were randomly assigned to four treatments with each treatment comprising 24 birds replicated three times with 8 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design experiment. Four diets (T1 control diet without Oxytetracycline HCl and Ocimum gratissimum; T2 had Oxytetracycline HCl; T3 had 1% Ocimum gratissimum; T4 had 1.5% Ocimum gratissimum) were formulated and offered ad libitum to the respective birds. Data was collected on feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) also Jejenal sections of the intestine were collected for examination of Villi length and Crypt depth at the end of starter phase. Results show that there were no significant difference (P>0.05) observed in feed intake and final body weight. However, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and daily weight gain significantly differed (P<0.05). T1, T2, and T4 were similar, however T2 differed (P<0.05) from T3. FCR followed the same pattern. Dietary treatment significantly (P<0.05) affected Villi length, Crypt depth and Villi length/crypt depth ratio. Birds fed OG containing diets, had significantly higher (P<0.05) villi length/crypt depth ratio. However, this did not translate to a significantly higher body weight gain or feed conversion ratio. It can be concluded that O. gratissimum can replace antibiotic growth promoter (Oxytetracycline HCl) since their effect on performance were similar. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotics" title="antibiotics">antibiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20weight" title=" body weight"> body weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20additives" title=" feed additives"> feed additives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intestinal%20morphology" title=" intestinal morphology"> intestinal morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytogenics" title=" phytogenics"> phytogenics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23557/comparative-effects-of-dietary-ocimum-gratissimum-and-antibiotic-growth-promoter-on-body-weight-and-gut-morphometry-of-broiler-starters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">550</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8132</span> Inventory of Local Forages in Indonesia That Potentially Reduce Methane (CH4) Emissions and Increase Productivity in Ruminants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amriana%20Hifizah">Amriana Hifizah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philip%20Edward%20Vercoe"> Philip Edward Vercoe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Graeme%20Bruce%20Martin"> Graeme Bruce Martin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teuku%20Reza%20Ferasy"> Teuku Reza Ferasy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Hambal"> Muhammad Hambal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many native forage plant species have been used in Indonesia as feed for ruminants. However, less information is available about how these plants affect productivity, let alone methane emissions. In the province of Aceh, where the traditional practice is to feed local forages to small ruminants, the farmers are not satisfied with the productivity of their livestock, and they attribute this problem to poor availability and too few options for good quality forages. Forage quality is reduced by high environmental temperatures which increase the amount of lignification. In addition to reducing productivity, these factors also increase enteric methane production. A preliminary survey about potential forage species was completed in three different districts, two of low elevation and one of high elevation: Syiah Kuala (05°30’5.08” N to 095°24’7.35” E), elevation 29 m MSL; Kajhu (05°32’34.6” N to 095°21’17.7” E), elevation 30 m MSL; Lembah Seulawah (05°28'06.4" N to 095°43' 14.2" E), elevation 254 m MSL. Information about local plants was collected in a semi-structured interview with scientists, government field officers and local farmers, in the city of Banda Aceh and in those three districts. The outcome was a list 40 species that could be useful, of which 21 were selected for further study. The selection process was based on several criteria: high availability, high protein content, low toxicity, and evidence of secondary metabolites (eg, history of medicinal plants for both human and animals). For some of the selected medicinal plants, there is experimental evidence of effects on methane production during rumen fermentation. Subsequently, the selected forages were tested for their effects on rumen fermentation in vitro, using batch culture. The data produced will be used to identify forages with the potential to reduce CH4 emissions. These candidates will then be assessed for their benefits (fermentability and productivity) and potential deleterious side-effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batch%20culture" title="batch culture">batch culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forage" title=" forage"> forage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane" title=" methane"> methane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rumen" title=" rumen"> rumen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62230/inventory-of-local-forages-in-indonesia-that-potentially-reduce-methane-ch4-emissions-and-increase-productivity-in-ruminants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8131</span> Comparative Techno-Economic Assessment and LCA of Selected Integrated Sugarcane-Based Biorefineries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edgard%20Gnansounoua">Edgard Gnansounoua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20Vaskan"> Pavel Vaskan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elia%20Ruiz%20Pach%C3%B3n"> Elia Ruiz Pachón</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work addresses the economic and environmental performance of integrated biorefineries based on sugarcane juice and residues in the context of Brazil. We have considered four multiproduct scenarios; two from existing Brazilian sugar mills and the others from ethanol autonomous distilleries. They are integrated biorefineries producing first (1G) and second (2G) generation ethanol, sugar, molasses (for animal feed) and electricity. We show the results for the analysis and comparison of the different scenarios using a techno-economic value-based approach and LCA methodology. We have found that all the analysed scenarios show positive values of Climate change and Fossil depletion reduction as compared to the reference systems. However the scenario producing only ethanol shows less efficiency in Human toxicity, Freshwater ecotoxicity and Freshwater eutrophication impacts. The best economic configuration is provided by the scenario with the largest ethanol production. On the other hand, the best environmental performance is presented by the scenario with full integration sugar – 1G2G ethanol production. The integration of 2G based residues in a 1G ethanol production plant leads to positive environmental impacts compared to the conventional 1G industrial plant but proves to be more expensive. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugarcane" title="sugarcane">sugarcane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biorefinery" title=" biorefinery"> biorefinery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1G%2F2G%20bioethanol%20integration" title=" 1G/2G bioethanol integration"> 1G/2G bioethanol integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LCA" title=" LCA"> LCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brazil" title=" Brazil"> Brazil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40010/comparative-techno-economic-assessment-and-lca-of-selected-integrated-sugarcane-based-biorefineries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40010.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8130</span> Evaluation of Hazelnut Hulls as an Alternative Forage Resource for Ruminant Animals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Cetinkaya">N. Cetinkaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20S.%20Kuleyin"> Y. S. Kuleyin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to estimate the digestibility of the fruit internal skin of different varieties of hazelnuts to propose hazelnut fruit skin as an alternative feed source as roughage in ruminant nutrition. In 2015, the fruit internal skins of three different varieties of round hazelnuts (RH), pointed hazelnuts (PH) and almond hazelnuts (AH) were obtained from hazelnut processing factory then their crude nutrients analysis were carried out. Organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolisable energy (ME) values of hazelnut fruit skins were estimated from gas measured by <em>in vitro </em>gas production method. Their antioxidant activities were determined by spectrophotometric method. Crude nutrient values of three different varieties were; organic matter (OM): 87.83, 87.81 and 87.78%), crude protein (CP): 5.97, 5.93 and 5.89%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF): 30.30, 30.29 and 30.29%, acid detergent fiber (ADF): 48.68, 48.67 and 48.66% and acid detergent lignin (ADL): 25.43, 25.43 and 25.39% respectively. OMD from 24 h incubation time of RH, PH and AH were 22.04, 22.46 and 22.74%; ME<sub>GP </sub>values were 3.69, 3.75 and 3.79 MJ/kg DM; and antioxidant activity values were 94.60, 94.54 and 94.52 IC 50 mg/mL respectively. The fruit internal skin of different varieties of hazelnuts may be considered as an alternative roughage for ruminant nutrition regarding to their crude and digestible nutritive values. Moreover, hazelnut fruit skin has a rich antioxidant content so it may be used as a feed additive for both ruminant and non-ruminant animals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title="antioxidant activity">antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazelnut%20fruit%20skin" title=" hazelnut fruit skin"> hazelnut fruit skin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolizable%20energy" title=" metabolizable energy"> metabolizable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20matter%20digestibility" title=" organic matter digestibility"> organic matter digestibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47876/evaluation-of-hazelnut-hulls-as-an-alternative-forage-resource-for-ruminant-animals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47876.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8129</span> Effect of Feeding Varying Levels of Dietary Cation-Anion Difference on the Performance of Transition Sahiwal Cattle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhan%20Ahmad%20Atif">Farhan Ahmad Atif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd%20Ur%20Rehman"> Abd Ur Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Babir"> Muhammad Babir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) is an important aspect of dairy nutrition, especially in the transition period. Sahiwal cattle is the highest milk producing breed among Zebu cattle. We planned first study on transition Sahiwal cattle to determine the effects of feeding varying levels of negative DCAD. For this purpose, twenty pregnant cows (at the 250th day of gestation) were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups comprising four animals each. Five iso-caloric (2100 Kcal) and iso-nitrogenous (12%) diets were formulated and each diet was allotted to each group. The animals received positive DCAD diet served as control. Diets were supplemented with NutriCAB® to attain 0, -15, -30 and -45 DCAD levels. Experimental diets were fed at ad-libitum upto parturition and data regarding feed intake were recorded on daily. Post-partum incidence of milk fever, dystocia, retention of placenta (RP), mastitis as well as milk production, milk fat percentage and serum Ca levels were recorded. Urine and blood pH were determined weekly during the last month of pregnancy. Results showed that prepartum feed intake and blood pH were not affected (P > 0.05), while urine pH was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by lowering DCAD levels. Post parturient blood calcium level linearly increased (P < 0.05) with decreasing DCAD. Pre-partum negative DCAD feeding had no effect (P > 0.05) on post-parturient milk production and fat percentage. However, parturient related problems decreased with decreasing DCAD feeding. It was concluded that negative DCAD feeding raised serum calcium level and reduced the incidence of post-parturient problems in Sahiwal cattle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dairy%20cattle" title="dairy cattle">dairy cattle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition" title=" transition"> transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolic%20diseases" title=" metabolic diseases"> metabolic diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproductive%20disorders" title=" reproductive disorders"> reproductive disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incidence" title=" incidence"> incidence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55767/effect-of-feeding-varying-levels-of-dietary-cation-anion-difference-on-the-performance-of-transition-sahiwal-cattle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8128</span> Systematic Approach for Energy-Supply-Orientated Production Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Keller">F. Keller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Reinhart"> G. Reinhart</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The efficient and economic allocation of resources is one main goal in the field of production planning and control. Nowadays, a new variable gains in importance throughout the planning process: Energy. Energy-efficiency has already been widely discussed in literature, but with a strong focus on reducing the overall amount of energy used in production. This paper provides a brief systematic approach, how energy-supply-orientation can be used for an energy-cost-efficient production planning and thus combining the idea of energy-efficiency and energy-flexibility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20planning" title="production planning">production planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20control" title=" production control"> production control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-efficiency" title=" energy-efficiency"> energy-efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-flexibility" title=" energy-flexibility"> energy-flexibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-supply" title=" energy-supply"> energy-supply</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26038/systematic-approach-for-energy-supply-orientated-production-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">655</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8127</span> Impact of Two Herbal Seeds Supplementation on Growth Performance and Some Biochemical Blood and Tissue Parameters of Broiler Chickens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamada%20A.%20Ahmed">Hamada A. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kadry%20M.%20Sadek"> Kadry M. Sadek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20E.%20Taha"> Ayman E. Taha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effects of basil and/or chamomile seed supplementation on the growth of Hubbard broiler chicks were evaluated. The antioxidant effects of these supplements were also assessed. One hundred and twenty 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four equal groups. The control group (group 1) was fed a basal diet (BD) without supplementation. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were fed the BD supplemented with 10g basil, 10g chamomile, and 5g basil plus 5g chamomile per kg of food, respectively. Basil supplementation alone or in combination with chamomile non-significantly (P≥0.05) increased final body weight (3.2% and 0.3%, respectively) and weight gain (3.5% and 3.6%, respectively) over the experimental period. Chamomile supplementation alone non-significantly (P≥0.05) reduced final body weight and weight gain over the experimental period by 1.7% and 1.7%, respectively. In comparison to the control group, herbal seed supplementation reduced feed intake and improved the feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios. In general, basil seed supplementation stimulated chicken growth and improved the feed efficiency more effectively than chamomile seed supplementation. The antioxidant activities of basil and/or chamomile supplementation were examined in the thymus, bursa, and spleen. In chickens that received supplements, the level of malondialdehyde was significantly decreased, whereas the activities of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were significantly increased (P<0.05). Supplementation of basil and/or chamomile did not affect blood protein levels, but had lipid-lowering effects as evidenced by reduced serum levels of total lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol. In conclusion, supplementation of basil and/or chamomile improved growth parameters in broiler chicks and had antioxidant and blood lipid-lowering effects. These beneficial effects of basil and/or chamomile supplementation resulted in economically viable production of high-quality white meat containing no harmful residues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=herbal%20additives" title="herbal additives">herbal additives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basil" title=" basil"> basil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chamomile" title=" chamomile"> chamomile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broiler" title=" broiler"> broiler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20performance" title=" growth performance"> growth performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19577/impact-of-two-herbal-seeds-supplementation-on-growth-performance-and-some-biochemical-blood-and-tissue-parameters-of-broiler-chickens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">548</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8126</span> Production Process of Coconut-Shell Product in Amphawa District</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wannee%20Sutthachaidee">Wannee Sutthachaidee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of the production process of coconut-shell product in Amphawa, Samutsongkram Province is objected to study the pattern of the process of coconut-shell product by focusing in the 3 main processes which are inbound logistics process, production process and outbound process. The result of the research: There were 4 main results from the study. Firstly, most of the manufacturer of coconut-shell product is usually owned by a single owner and the quantity of the finished product is quite low and the main labor group is local people. Secondly, the production process can be divided into 4 stages which are pre-production process, production process, packaging process and distribution process. Thirdly, each 3 of the logistics process of coconut shell will find process which may cause the problem to the business but the process which finds the most problem is the production process because the production process needs the skilled labor and the quantity of the labor does not match with the demand from the customers. Lastly, the factors which affect the production process of the coconut shell can be founded in almost every process of the process such as production design, packaging design, sourcing supply and distribution management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20process" title="production process">production process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coconut-shell%20product" title=" coconut-shell product"> coconut-shell product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amphawa%20District" title=" Amphawa District"> Amphawa District</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inbound%20logistics%20process" title=" inbound logistics process"> inbound logistics process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14646/production-process-of-coconut-shell-product-in-amphawa-district" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">526</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8125</span> Heamatological and Biochemical Changes in Cockerels Fed Graded Levels of Wild Sunflower Leaf Meal </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siyanbola%20Mojisola%20Funmilayo">Siyanbola Mojisola Funmilayo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amao%20Emmanuel%20Ayodele"> Amao Emmanuel Ayodele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The poultry industry in Nigeria has been played by a variety of problems, which include the search for feed ingredients that are not competed for by man. This has resulted in a reduced interest of farmers in the industry leading to a reduction in animal protein availability for human consumption as a consequence of a high cost of production. The incorporation of wild sunflower meal (Tithonia diversfolia, Hemsl A. Gray) (WSF Meal) and some others in poultry diets have been reported to result in compounded feed with nutrient profiles that compare favourable with feeds of conventional feedstuff and reduce feed cost as they reduce competition with humans. A 98-day feeding trial was used to evaluate the effect of Wild sunflower leaf (WSL) at varying levels on the hematology and biochemistry of cockerels. A total of one hundred and twenty(120) cockerel birds were randomly allotted into four experimental diets with three replicates per experimental diet (ten birds per replicate). Wild sunflower leaf was included in four graded levels ; 0, 5, 10, and 15%. Packed cell volume, Red blood cell count, White blood cell count, Hemoglobin count, Lymphocyte count, Neutrophil count, Platelets, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Glucose, Urea, Chloride, Sodium, and Potassium ion values were significantly different (p<0.05) among the treatments. Mean values obtained for Creatinine, Total Protein, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Albumin, and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) were not significantly different (p>0.05) in all the treatment. WSL could be included up to 15% in the diet of cockerel without any deleterious effect on the birds. Based on the results, up to 15% Wild sunflower meal (WSL) can be included in the diet of cockerel without any adverse effect on the hematology and biochemical indices of birds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemical%20changes" title="biochemical changes">biochemical changes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cockerels" title=" cockerels"> cockerels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hematology" title=" hematology"> hematology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wild%20sunflower%20leaf" title=" wild sunflower leaf"> wild sunflower leaf</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21249/heamatological-and-biochemical-changes-in-cockerels-fed-graded-levels-of-wild-sunflower-leaf-meal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8124</span> Income and Factor Analysis of Small Scale Broiler Production in Imo State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ubon%20Asuquo%20Essien">Ubon Asuquo Essien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okwudili%20Bismark%20Ibeagwa"> Okwudili Bismark Ibeagwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daberechi%20Peace%20Ubabuko"> Daberechi Peace Ubabuko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Broiler Poultry subsector is dominated by small scale production with low aggregate output. The high cost of inputs currently experienced in Nigeria tends to aggravate the situation; hence many broiler farmers struggle to break-even. This study was designed to examine income and input factors in small scale deep liter broiler production in Imo state, Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined; socio-economic characteristics of small scale deep liter broiler producing Poultry farmers; estimate cost and returns of broiler production in the area; analyze input factors in broiler production in the area and examined marketability, age and profitability of the enterprise. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted in selecting 60 small scale broiler farmers who use deep liter system from 6 communities through the use of structured questionnaire. The socioeconomic characteristics of the broiler farmers and the profitability/ marketability age of the birds were described using descriptive statistical tools such as frequencies, means and percentages. Gross margin analysis was used to analyze the cost and returns to broiler production, while Cobb Douglas production function was employed to analyze input factors in broiler production. The result of the study revealed that the cost of feed (P<0.1), deep liter material (P<0.05) and medication (P<0.05) had a significant positive relationship with the gross return of broiler farmers in the study area, while cost of labour, fuel and day old chicks were not significant. Furthermore, Gross profit margin of the farmers who market their broiler at the 8th week of rearing was 80.7%; and 78.7% and 60.8% for farmers who market at the 10th week and 12th week of rearing, respectively. The business is, therefore, profitable but at varying degree. Government and Development partners should make deliberate efforts to curb the current rise in the prices of poultry feeds, drugs and timber materials used as bedding so as to widen the profit margin and encourage more farmers to go into the business. The farmers equally need more technical assistance from extension agents with regards to timely and profitable marketing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broilers" title="broilers">broilers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factor%20analysis" title=" factor analysis"> factor analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=income" title=" income"> income</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20scale" title=" small scale"> small scale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166124/income-and-factor-analysis-of-small-scale-broiler-production-in-imo-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8123</span> Energy Loss Reduction in Oil Refineries through Flare Gas Recovery Approaches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Amidpour">Majid Amidpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parisa%20Karimi"> Parisa Karimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzieh%20Joda"> Marzieh Joda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For the last few years, release of burned undesirable by-products has become a challenging issue in oil industries. Flaring, as one of the main sources of air contamination, involves detrimental and long-lasting effects on human health and is considered a substantial reason for energy losses worldwide. This research involves studying the implications of two main flare gas recovery methods at three oil refineries, all in Iran as the case I, case II, and case III in which the production capacities are increasing respectively. In the proposed methods, flare gases are converted into more valuable products, before combustion by the flare networks. The first approach involves collecting, compressing and converting the flare gas to smokeless fuel which can be used in the fuel gas system of the refineries. The other scenario includes utilizing the flare gas as a feed into liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) production unit already established in the refineries. The processes of these scenarios are simulated, and the capital investment is calculated for each procedure. The cumulative profits of the scenarios are evaluated using Net Present Value method. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis based on total propane and butane mole fraction is carried out to make a rational comparison for LPG production approach, and the results are illustrated for different mole fractions of propane and butane. As the mole fraction of propane and butane contained in LPG differs in summer and winter seasons, the results corresponding to LPG scenario are demonstrated for each season. The results of the simulations show that cumulative profit in fuel gas production scenario and LPG production rate increase with the capacity of the refineries. Moreover, the investment return time in LPG production method experiences a decline, followed by a rising trend with an increase in <em>C<sub>3</sub></em> and <em>C<sub>4</sub></em> content. The minimum value of time return occurs at propane and butane sum concentration values of 0.7, 0.6, and 0.7 in case I, II, and III, respectively. Based on comparison of the time of investment return and cumulative profit, fuel gas production is the superior scenario for three case studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flare%20gas%20reduction" title="flare gas reduction">flare gas reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquefied%20petroleum%20gas" title=" liquefied petroleum gas"> liquefied petroleum gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20gas" title=" fuel gas"> fuel gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=net%20present%20value%20method" title=" net present value method"> net present value method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity%20analysis" title=" sensitivity analysis"> sensitivity analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84556/energy-loss-reduction-in-oil-refineries-through-flare-gas-recovery-approaches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8122</span> Upgrade of Value Chains and the Effect on Resilience of Russia’s Coal Industry and Receiving Regions on the Path of Energy Transition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20Nikitenko">Sergey Nikitenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Klishin"> Vladimir Klishin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yury%20Malakhov"> Yury Malakhov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Goosen"> Elena Goosen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transition to renewable energy sources (solar, wind, bioenergy, etc.) and launching of alternative energy generation has weakened the role of coal as a source of energy. The Paris Agreement and assumption of obligations by many nations to orderly reduce CO₂ emissions by means of technological modernization and climate change adaptation has abridged coal demand yet more. This paper aims to assess current resilience of the coal industry to stress and to define prospects for coal production optimization using high technologies pursuant to global challenges and requirements of energy transition. Our research is based on the resilience concept adapted to the coal industry. It is proposed to divide the coal sector into segments depending on the prevailing value chains (VC). Four representative models of VC are identified in the coal sector. The most promising lines of upgrading VC in the coal industry include: •Elongation of VC owing to introduction of clean technologies of coal conversion and utilization; •Creation of parallel VC by means of waste management; •Branching of VC (conversion of a company’s VC into a production network). The upgrade effectiveness is governed in many ways by applicability of advanced coal processing technologies, usability of waste, expandability of production, entrance to non-rival markets and localization of new segments of VC in receiving regions. It is also important that upgrade of VC by means of formation of agile high-tech inter-industry production networks within the framework of operating surface and underground mines can reduce social, economic and ecological risks associated with closure of coal mines. Such promising route of VC upgrade is application of methanotrophic bacteria to produce protein to be used as feed-stuff in fish, poultry and cattle breeding, or in production of ferments, lipoids, sterols, antioxidants, pigments and polysaccharides. Closed mines can use recovered methane as a clean energy source. There exist methods of methane utilization from uncontrollable sources, including preliminary treatment and recovery of methane from air-and-methane mixture, or decomposition of methane to hydrogen and acetylene. Separated hydrogen is used in hydrogen fuel cells to generate power to feed the process of methane utilization and to supply external consumers. Despite the recent paradigm of carbon-free energy generation, it is possible to preserve the coal mining industry using the differentiated approach to upgrade of value chains based on flexible technologies with regard to specificity of mining companies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resilience" title="resilience">resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resilience%20concept" title=" resilience concept"> resilience concept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resilience%20indicator" title=" resilience indicator"> resilience indicator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resilience%20in%20the%20Russian%20coal%20industry" title=" resilience in the Russian coal industry"> resilience in the Russian coal industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20chains" title=" value chains"> value chains</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159366/upgrade-of-value-chains-and-the-effect-on-resilience-of-russias-coal-industry-and-receiving-regions-on-the-path-of-energy-transition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159366.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8121</span> An Energy Integration Study While Utilizing Heat of Flue Gas: Sponge Iron Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkata%20Ramanaiah">Venkata Ramanaiah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shabina%20Khanam"> Shabina Khanam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Enormous potential for saving energy is available in coal-based sponge iron plants as these are associated with the high percentage of energy wastage per unit sponge iron production. An energy integration option is proposed, in the present paper, to a coal based sponge iron plant of 100 tonnes per day production capacity, being operated in India using SL/RN (Stelco-Lurgi/Republic Steel-National Lead) process. It consists of the rotary kiln, rotary cooler, dust settling chamber, after burning chamber, evaporating cooler, electrostatic precipitator (ESP), wet scrapper and chimney as important equipment. Principles of process integration are used in the proposed option. It accounts for preheating kiln inlet streams like kiln feed and slinger coal up to 170ᴼC using waste gas exiting ESP. Further, kiln outlet stream is cooled from 1020ᴼC to 110ᴼC using kiln air. The working areas in the plant where energy is being lost and can be conserved are identified. Detailed material and energy balances are carried out around the sponge iron plant, and a modified model is developed, to find coal requirement of proposed option, based on hot utility, heat of reactions, kiln feed and air preheating, radiation losses, dolomite decomposition, the heat required to vaporize the coal volatiles, etc. As coal is used as utility and process stream, an iterative approach is used in solution methodology to compute coal consumption. Further, water consumption, operating cost, capital investment, waste gas generation, profit, and payback period of the modification are computed. Along with these, operational aspects of the proposed design are also discussed. To recover and integrate waste heat available in the plant, three gas-solid heat exchangers and four insulated ducts with one FD fan for each are installed additionally. Thus, the proposed option requires total capital investment of $0.84 million. Preheating of kiln feed, slinger coal and kiln air streams reduce coal consumption by 24.63% which in turn reduces waste gas generation by 25.2% in comparison to the existing process. Moreover, 96% reduction in water is also observed, which is the added advantage of the modification. Consequently, total profit is found as $2.06 million/year with payback period of 4.97 months only. The energy efficient factor (EEF), which is the % of the maximum energy that can be saved through design, is found to be 56.7%. Results of the proposed option are also compared with literature and found in good agreement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20consumption" title="coal consumption">coal consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20conservation" title=" energy conservation"> energy conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20integration" title=" process integration"> process integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sponge%20iron%20plant" title=" sponge iron plant"> sponge iron plant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89609/an-energy-integration-study-while-utilizing-heat-of-flue-gas-sponge-iron-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8120</span> Comparative Effect of Microbial Phytase Supplementation on Layer Chickens Fed Diets with Required or Low Phosphorous Level</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamada%20Ahmed">Hamada Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mervat%20A.%20Abdel-Latif"> Mervat A. Abdel-Latif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa.%20A.%20Ghoraba"> Alaa. A. Ghoraba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samah%20A.%20Ganna"> Samah A. Ganna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of microbial phytase (Quantum Blue®) supplementation on layer chickens fed diets with required or low phosphorous level in corn-soybean based diets. One hundred and sixteen 23-week-old Lohman brown laying hens were used in 8-week feeding trial. Hens were randomly allotted into four treatments where the group (1) (control group) was fed basal diet without phytase, group (2) fed basal diet supplemented with phytase, group (3) fed diet supplemented with phytase as a replacement of 25% of monocalcium phosphate and group (4) fed diet supplemented with phytase as a replacement of 50% of monocalcium phosphate. Records on daily egg production, egg mass, egg weight and body weight of hens at the end of experimental period were recorded. Results revealed no significant (p ≥ 0.05) differences were observed among the other dietary treatments in BW, egg production, egg mass, feed intake or feed conversion when these parameters were evaluated over the duration of the experiment while egg weight showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in all phytase supplemented groups. There was no significant (p ≥ 0.05) differences in egg quality including egg length, egg width, egg shape index, yolk height, yolk width, yolk index, yolk weight and yolk albumin ratio while egg albumin was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in group (2) and group (3). Egg shell weight increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all phytase supplemented groups when compared with the control group also shell thickness increased significantly (p < 0.05) in both group (2 &3). No significant (P ≥ 0.05) difference was observed in serum Ca, P level while alkaline phosphatase was significantly (P ˂ 0.05) increased in group (3). Egg shell analysis showed increase in egg shell ash% in all phytase supplemented groups when compared with the control group, egg shell calcium % was higher in group (3) and group (4) than the control group while group (2) showed lower egg shell calcium% than the other experimental groups, egg shell phosphorous% was higher in all phytase supplemented groups than the control group. Phosphorous digestability was significantly (P ˂ 0.05) increased in all phytase supplemented groups than the control group and the highest p digestability was in group (4). Calcium digestability showed significant (P ˂ 0.05) increase in all phytase supplemented groups when compared with the control group and the highest digetability was in group (4). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layers" title="layers">layers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20phytase" title=" microbial phytase"> microbial phytase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ca%20and%20P%20availability" title=" Ca and P availability"> Ca and P availability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egg%20production" title=" egg production"> egg production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egg%20characteristics" title=" egg characteristics"> egg characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74638/comparative-effect-of-microbial-phytase-supplementation-on-layer-chickens-fed-diets-with-required-or-low-phosphorous-level" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8119</span> A Universal Approach to Categorize Failures in Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konja%20Kn%C3%BCppel">Konja Knüppel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerrit%20Meyer"> Gerrit Meyer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Nyhuis"> Peter Nyhuis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing interconnectedness and complexity of production processes raise the susceptibility of production systems to failure. Therefore, the ability to respond quickly to failures is increasingly becoming a competitive factor. The research project "Sustainable failure management in manufacturing SMEs" is developing a methodology to identify failures in the production and select preventive and reactive measures in order to correct failures and to establish sustainable failure management systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure%20categorization" title="failure categorization">failure categorization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure%20management" title=" failure management"> failure management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistic%20performance" title=" logistic performance"> logistic performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20optimization" title=" production optimization"> production optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2637/a-universal-approach-to-categorize-failures-in-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8118</span> Modification of Underwood's Equation to Calculate Minimum Reflux Ratio for Column with One Side Stream Upper Than Feed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mousavian">S. Mousavian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abedianpour"> A. Abedianpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Khanmohammadi"> A. Khanmohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Hematian"> S. Hematian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gh.%20Eidi%20Veisi"> Gh. Eidi Veisi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Distillation is one of the most important and utilized separation methods in the industrial practice. There are different ways to design of distillation column. One of these ways is short cut method. In short cut method, material balance and equilibrium are employed to calculate number of tray in distillation column. There are different methods that are classified in short cut method. One of these methods is Fenske-Underwood-Gilliland method. In this method, minimum reflux ratio should be calculated by underwood equation. Underwood proposed an equation that is useful for simple distillation column with one feed and one top and bottom product. In this study, underwood method is developed to predict minimum reflux ratio for column with one side stream upper than feed. The result of this model compared with McCabe-Thiele method. The result shows that proposed method able to calculate minimum reflux ratio with very small error. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20reflux%20ratio" title="minimum reflux ratio">minimum reflux ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=side%20stream" title=" side stream"> side stream</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distillation" title=" distillation"> distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Underwood%E2%80%99s%20method" title=" Underwood’s method"> Underwood’s method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33541/modification-of-underwoods-equation-to-calculate-minimum-reflux-ratio-for-column-with-one-side-stream-upper-than-feed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33541.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8117</span> Surface Roughness of AlSi/10%AlN Metal Matrix Composite Material Using the Taguchi Method </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Na%27imy%20Wan">Nurul Na'imy Wan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Sazali%20Said"> Mohamad Sazali Said</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaharah%20Ab.%20Ghani"> Jaharah Ab. Ghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Asri%20Selamat"> Mohd Asri Selamat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the surface roughness of the Aluminium silicon alloy (AlSi) matrix composite which has been reinforced with aluminium nitride (AlN), with three types of carbide inserts. Experiments were conducted at various cutting speeds, feed rates, and depths of cut, according to the Taguchi method, using a standard orthogonal array L27 (34). The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance are applied to study the characteristic performance of machining parameters in measuring the surface roughness during the milling operation. The analysis of results, using the Taguchi method concluded that a combination of low feed rate, medium depth of cut, low cutting speed, and insert TiB2 give a better value of surface roughness. From Taguchi method, it was found that cutting speed of 230m/min, feed rate of 0.4 mm/tooth, depth of cut of 0.5mm and type of insert of TiB2 were the optimal machining parameters that gave the optimal value of surface roughness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AlSi%2FAlN%20Metal%20Matrix%20Composite%20%28MMC%29" title="AlSi/AlN Metal Matrix Composite (MMC)">AlSi/AlN Metal Matrix Composite (MMC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi%20method" title=" Taguchi method "> Taguchi method </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8381/surface-roughness-of-alsi10aln-metal-matrix-composite-material-using-the-taguchi-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8116</span> Ochratoxin-A in Traditional Meat Products from Croatian Households</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jelka%20Pleadin">Jelka Pleadin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nina%20Kudumija"> Nina Kudumija</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Vulic"> Ana Vulic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manuela%20Zadravec"> Manuela Zadravec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tina%20Lesic"> Tina Lesic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mario%20Skrivanko"> Mario Skrivanko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irena%20Perkovic"> Irena Perkovic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nada%20Vahcic"> Nada Vahcic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Products of animal origin, such as meat and meat products, can contribute to human mycotoxins’ intake coming as a result of either indirect transfer from farm animals exposed to naturally contaminated grains and feed (carry-over effects) or direct contamination with moulds or naturally contaminated spice mixtures used in meat production. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is mycotoxin considered to be of the outermost importance from the public health standpoint in connection with meat products. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of OTA in different traditional meat products circulating on Croatian markets during 2018, produced by a large number of households situated in eastern and north Croatian regions using a variety of technologies. Concentrations of OTA were determined in traditional meat products (n = 70), including dry fermented sausages (Slavonian kulen, Slavonian sausage, Istrian sausage and domestic sausage; n = 28), dry-cured meat products (pancetta, pork rack and ham; n = 22) and cooked sausages (liver sausages, black pudding sausages and pate; n = 20). OTA was analyzed by use of quantitative screening immunoassay method (ELISA) and confirmed for positive samples (higher than the limit of detection) by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Whereas the bacon samples contaminated with OTA were not found, its level in dry fermented sausages ranged from 0.22 to 2.17 µg/kg and in dry-cured meat products from 0.47 to 5.35 µg/kg, with in total 9% of positive samples. Besides possible primary contamination of these products arising due to improper manufacturing or/and storage conditions, observed OTA contamination could also be the consequence of secondary contamination that comes as a result of contaminated feed the animals were fed on. OTA levels obtained in cooked sausages ranged from 0.32 to 4.12 µg/kg (5% of positives) and could probably be linked to the contaminated raw materials (liver, kidney and spices) used in the sausages production. The results showed an occasional OTA contamination of traditional meat products, pointing that to avoid such contamination on households these products should be produced and processed under standardized and well-controlled conditions. Further investigations should be performed in order to identify mycotoxin-producing moulds on the surface of the products and to define preventative measures that can reduce the contamination of traditional meat products during their production on households and period of storage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Croatian%20households" title="Croatian households">Croatian households</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ochratoxin-A" title=" ochratoxin-A"> ochratoxin-A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20cooked%20sausages" title=" traditional cooked sausages"> traditional cooked sausages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20dry-cured%20meat%20products" title=" traditional dry-cured meat products"> traditional dry-cured meat products</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104865/ochratoxin-a-in-traditional-meat-products-from-croatian-households" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20production&page=7" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20production&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20production&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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