CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913568424d5a5e5e',cH: 'K5KLOWYH2qixixBoPBvzL5UVzj0_.gDYek9uOiYqUOU-1739791426-1.2.1.1-gTkAiKZZdf803EAs5MGrjZ0dT0VuvdRkKMhxVRt5gS7j7AIiQrIEYvpl2drcOuFi',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=mussel%20shell&__cf_chl_tk=ljcEyv0d6WztjDdmPn1RoEw2CyKX.MsTmvJoGBZq160-1739791426-1.0.1.1-8UsIvCTXG0.BCEwsoMUi0ivqbWHwcUFU.7trnQFyaNw",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739791426',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=mussel%20shell&__cf_chl_f_tk=ljcEyv0d6WztjDdmPn1RoEw2CyKX.MsTmvJoGBZq160-1739791426-1.0.1.1-8UsIvCTXG0.BCEwsoMUi0ivqbWHwcUFU.7trnQFyaNw",md: "rlAg0guFgc9kuvsCjDzv4MOrs_2gkg1NHUw8ySvM2ZI-1739791426-1.2.1.1-oFkOURIjjOuylYWolqH9C8CGnGZwNm0fBrgr_RxiejIssdop3tiVvOH5pFcp6EYSxivLgE50Gb2c2iI8oq7.SLKj.fhLffAwdiCkKGEhqWFlRLrbQVDcj5mKoFRbQ_ewVadWNT0x31jYlxqCqk7cw.j5rv62gEUDQapbKKG.g1PY3UeRzo_LVnDmvyLfTEK4Psn33pz.ObdWrsx78yVHmKLArmLGnZGREDusWq6o_mWaEEUNka3BqxCoQP57TUAZqROk3aMmYtY6ZA5BgRnZTYrNzKMS0U90o1GsEaFEradqnArecIcTF0mbQr3.L7M6YnlQsmYsw2XWCmxMfp1yy6bHzMfUnhAFtvVvjGiXUd4xOB1FsxdUPefiWbwYzpab3i0eBbff6YTilu4LOkGBLftvOfhFQxmBPsbTQ.EY0M9zni_e0e9u8AsVHikiX6Ej8nRjdnUQWG2.LbggqpdhvGNbcG9p9_9rqaDpzRCjpnrLnNM_TuphmuvH5HZqpIoD3LXUboAUN8SORTi0UTdGGRStP_1KL55figPuxGiDzDXLwHFsWbbDNSB_NEE_LuNrOi.lhMF.YQoM_aGQgdBiZdTOHfLv2hH4L1MGB.eHvwaZcvrEZ4F5phR2dsPiQgeBawKv4WwjtFi2yaK2zxlxCmFh6NSxjfhNQNMtv6Zn30PB92VY8sMdQSIC73NLJA5RthuPsHHZahkz5GK3n188010PioR3KEcJh7j3v4c4K8UBF9zUq9Dg4VoZ_rtbqWWFMvKSkU7IWEYNFg4v4_Yhj6T_k45.9aOCoZqTNm9WTDbruV2jmuSLxRYWWaBuA8pgW5SuAChOXPbNwExy6abhgD.e8rAx5qU3YhpCub44JWFj10TjMJPn_KwXuM_bLHQD70JQqnAreznRvf7dWbTRggOtynaLdzQr1cfvtF.Gt5cs8bnDpLasGh76wSY0IxKwCfgJ2X0sWxFczCwHY6drUOPbfZtBNENQ4wp5ZYO.S6L1r.IftEg5nfVEx8lkS5Sdk4MHtcnGJxdhu9ukg8qcW0n4f_1FAiuu7_w0dn4eOmkFOk55bfI_WQDUWL6gDlEs66VYgWDouGyooQy.pkufROa9RaAlZX7GU5H8WW.BcevecJqYqkE7FD_Ex86dTbwPfitxaK5djdnNJWvTmmwFBkw_hcDi26tKJZmhS7nLRj6RvW0C35gTRwahaRKeRciY2maTE6VDXPGsrkLDu0iTIjI78GGYbxOLMKqiz5aeBQzxEUJqWY_sLqQCzLQPVEtdPeQpxftL9sxbXhcTDMM_puGcWXcHxEoGqjQTE_O.QnmXeMLEpSbNS4uFrsZ255TW2nNLVfjHXos5ec_pRu2Ggy19i1_ADfmqMpn1iqIRndNIaYbrmFbp2k.IpTI.qhrpxVyFjPmPGEslqvc3iqRbG3Dr2aC.Q2rU8.gxvP6NvfZDE.SXjH7orKkmwf9JrI06UZcvFHJdVaNLBviwEfVgw0jVwiXNlZn0aubToWVQkm.Y4BRXXftSyFR31.jVDDwIFXXKxDY8boDHY1gZn9_wT6HwqjyYduDx7hnXtGrBM0d0De9yHp12ZKEqUB2Ufo.qy.L83KMGITzaXWNLJqrGeJTKXfRIIi4vXDGWAMS_cIcX3R8QQ3jm_wLw1cdcYqqhghz2HNUePkWCVooqWKz_ZM_Hx2h1ea.YqQ8upHHoxHy77fbSbMrxEuzMWrKKCGYvH7_0ddVwlUY45F2MnUmusk.j0accPyDBynAbY1L04jx_pHVFdIJGR14RtbswJICNoii9Ig8sPiQ962Wz4ycRHkvx0uUhz_HsRSG6mh_1IR4LIaticDWKk8jbOlY9Z01cigueJAF2ifn57pkLwe4xVRGpKckimgC68.9HJsbo1zMeMyrLHF3Q0tSwr4aQh3nfHN45uA1bMN3EbB9shamusEpvtukvmjYrkntL0uv2rwY",mdrd: "w9fmGvvpm0cJJRYQ9AZT54Y2727B_PKhUp.m8NG71eg-1739791426-1.2.1.1-DMv96LmjMJkQxUHub2qwT.LU.OdXvUjFwh2mRd.UN2hV0wJyQ9FiTZD5XTKl6AwEWxKcfRbEmmEOgy8exRtTjrft6awP7p_nbGRYvbcuzORBdEaygpITBsirHcsbJbPokiXOI2yii4boJyjJx_71klSlMVOW1T0FGOA4JoGYJMYIqfJq8axZn6wR8vcN2RBVOYOkw4rvINsVmm7LNpHMDr1eiQFE1sLqbPPibvGGeFWsS9aEBVG04kOmfmHq3hGsDLegX_AAzeX71et6crV1cPuIzvy2szJaVXDjQc.OvVYGwlfv4C5VIQ3xWPxC.Lz_KYQA.Oj.2SmnhsjHn9P9mw1TOKsQK2AQC_YjG68ZM95XVShWIKvgnnp1G6aU1m4xl8ACTfWVxAklllEqiNcbxvSybkRBrG2U5824LSrUGo9RQ2rAAl6c75jhJxL3Xu_rh2kGJGgVrIAFkDpIADMIS6h7fqfrBy5xwEeDlcL4iNzNCJhtlmBXMMD.py2f47qD6zVZZbS7LQ9D4lTAha15lEutZQJnrpZGuowmICEXJlUOw6OqqWYXuHUtdRzDvEt72ef3bsey2AQwHt00xo1JQexauYPtkklvnQctI03FEQAX3XShdOBz_VKk6tR0XEDxH6bIS4hfhx0yLiyQOqpEvRJHRIGC8T1BjXPSTfsaYVhAo_bBdwMzVM6nRy5OwZzvDrjPlqi6jAx4BtDx4ui6w8dpyXMO2OXDLwSXJvig98KfRnIj1NHofWNWN1sDQNfQ3VmhYQcYxu8fziUkcjVfPpnPtpQQ5e_xRk3PugETpJqHpbD154u98seKUOptBMancbUqIA_hFU9D9s5yRz8Ql8NAZjHvP8x0nL2R5oW0O7iYa3hH_tXZ3ihwiY_1.h3KhUxtNgtVEK5590IisptsnV6QRLK4cBOqseDTyQP9fwac6fQcDzutsK.FfCPVTwyJaaKIp3WY5ZI_cv3UTJ97LbsDk.bIAWzyHiA2ZSwcPMi6KjSLhDic5J8Q8yUK090HHoIa_FDfK9ynLzJuZS1IZu1YMhlxKbx7J61j58OWq4Lnp1U.f5qhTYuyMoAXAkSLjhtKrH8sUTvEUip4q46LufDRCBQHkNM9WyEee8wFat0CvmB.C9gn47st.srBD.GLWI_dZkg1Zn6huh4CSm0tHCMVTDsqDuGBkX2_xl3371spkvcuw.kIt.mdOJsw27ehTbAyvydRlD.i235YjN6rGMM2TOM9GAgU4zu2PXtrRfPvp5SwG9u0UobZyeFUJltz.RAVYRixZuUzA7hs0UPyLMDKd8edTeMvrn_2PMrfZ_GEBEfEpjmRlk7tFwh1xM6GxtVDZ95qqeJBmbwIRTwwnIubRT4oGmDWYDeW6cxHA1E67UIUbVUW1e9O4ebT_VhTG2t7uiKNXmscmlwjZneHsoBDXKNfChpoV8HFRpsgxr.lNEQU5vF207Ju9LZrFsDSHaJMegulOZf0nSiFq74M377LDLGAZV_WoTKSuCD67ghw6j5LO2lD6I4Odac0UBPVb8AJOh1nmjMtUgACoM9hlweE4IQWquSaoWVWW0ilNqNFw4.SbKRE8ml9_.n1SEUcJAHHbIQnwN4z7xq2QzGr8eHI.vaXSbhS0dTgplDV0mAZ5Fiv.VsCMohruuqdMi2FbYIkfpe9dwuDRkQ_MhTv96xIhCSrv1MjQrqIon10cxeLO7ExBz_bgwjnJ17ko0CPpHSypMOdN1e0HVD4ooEXcIoDyRfOIc3Y_Mwr.nm_bWhzZQJghBCWxGUjQfbXy4wFHiKCzzZkOZy4uoAfKEf2KJi5MJrnX_O_Z9NLIAtEw8LYjEVWW0Wo1SdaiEEuJNQMp84aSb_4w9olOGL5S.PaWehEZvKKsZl_57QlFW5bPZktu0edL3A5q9x4RE12TZR8pvmy6DM9IovN5m32AoD4XT8wgc8cfS2JYI_1.mLzAdE3lSk0rDLh0hrlsyjASWdr7PR5pe_bYeSLlxQQeJZv9w"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913568424d5a5e5e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=mussel%20shell&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ljcEyv0d6WztjDdmPn1RoEw2CyKX.MsTmvJoGBZq160-1739791426-1.0.1.1-8UsIvCTXG0.BCEwsoMUi0ivqbWHwcUFU.7trnQFyaNw" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>