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class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un livre de Wikilivres.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p>La <b>chimie organométallique</b> est l'étude des composés chimiques possédant des liasions chimiques entre un atome de carbone et un atome de métal. Souvent cette définition est trop stricte car beaucoup de composés sans de telles liaisons ont une réactivité chimique similaire. Une alternative appropriée à cette définition serait « composés contenant un élément-métal lié avec une liaison à caractère essentiellement covalente ». La chimie organométallique combine des aspects de la chimie inorganique et de la chimie organique. Les composés organométalliques sont distingués par le préfixe « organo- ». Les composés organopalladium sont un exemple de cette règle. Les composés organométalliques les plus usuels sont les organozinciques tels que ClZnCH<sub>2</sub>C(=O)OEt (chloro(éthoxycarbonylméthyl)zinc), les organocuprates tels que Li[CuMe<sub>2</sub>] (lithium diméthylcuprate), les organomagnésiens tels que le réactif de Grignard MeMgI (iodure de méthylmagnésium) et MgEt<sub>2</sub> (diéthylmagnésium), et les organolithiums tels que le n-butyllithium. </p><p>Des classes importantes de composés organométalliques sont les carbonyles de métal, les complexes carbène-métal de transition, et les métallocènes avec le ferrocène comme premier exemple. Le « métal » est défini exprès dans un sens large dans ce contexte et peut inclure des éléments tels que le silicium, l'arsenic ou le bore, qui ne sont pas des métaux mais sont considérés être des métalloïdes, tels que l'organoborane Et<sub>3</sub>B (triéthylborane). Il existe aussi le groupe des métaux pauvres qui sont des éléments tels que l'aluminium qui fait partie du catalyseur Ziegler-Natta. </p><p>Les composés organométalliques sont souvent utilisés comme catalyseurs, par exemple pour la production de dérivés du pétrole et en particulier celle de polymères. </p><p>La règle des 18 électrons et le principe d'isolobal sont des concepts qui aident à comprendre la liaison chimique et la réactivité des composés organométalliques. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principaux_organométalliques"><span id="Principaux_organom.C3.A9talliques"></span>Principaux organométalliques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimie_organom%C3%A9tallique&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Principaux organométalliques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimie_organom%C3%A9tallique&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Principaux organométalliques"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimie_des_organopalladiums&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chimie des organopalladiums (page inexistante)">Chimie des organopalladiums</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimie_des_organoplatines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chimie des organoplatines (page inexistante)">Chimie des organoplatines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimie_des_organo-stanneux" title="Chimie des organo-stanneux">Chimie des organo-stanneux</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimie_des_organomagn%C3%A9siens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chimie des organomagnésiens (page inexistante)">Chimie des organomagnésiens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimie_des_organoboranes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chimie des organoboranes (page inexistante)">Chimie des organoboranes</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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