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class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Ändra utseendet på sidans teckenstorlek, bredd och färg" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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<div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ordförråd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordförråd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ordförråd</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ordförråd-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Ordförråd</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ordförråd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arvord_och_lånord" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arvord_och_lånord"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Arvord och lånord</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arvord_och_lånord-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammatik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Grammatik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammatik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Grammatik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammatik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kasus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Kasus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kasus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Genus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verb" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Verb</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tempus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tempus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Tempus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tempus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adjektiv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adjektiv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Adjektiv</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adjektiv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Substantiv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Substantiv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Substantiv</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Substantiv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artiklar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artiklar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Artiklar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artiklar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bestämd_artikel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bestämd_artikel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.1</span> <span>Bestämd artikel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bestämd_artikel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obestämd_artikel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obestämd_artikel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7.2</span> <span>Obestämd artikel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obestämd_artikel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronomen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronomen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Pronomen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronomen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relativa_pronomina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relativa_pronomina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8.1</span> <span>Relativa pronomina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relativa_pronomina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personliga_pronomina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personliga_pronomina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8.2</span> <span>Personliga pronomina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personliga_pronomina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prepositioner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prepositioner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Prepositioner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prepositioner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ordföljd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordföljd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Ordföljd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ordföljd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uttal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uttal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Uttal</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uttal-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Uttal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uttal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vokaler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vokaler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Vokaler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vokaler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diftonger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diftonger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Diftonger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diftonger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konsonanter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsonanter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Konsonanter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsonanter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stavning_och_skrivregler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stavning_och_skrivregler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Stavning och skrivregler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stavning_och_skrivregler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Varianter_och_dialektuppdelning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varianter_och_dialektuppdelning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Varianter och dialektuppdelning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Varianter_och_dialektuppdelning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utbredning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utbredning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Utbredning</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Utbredning-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Utbredning</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Utbredning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Länder_där_tyska_är_huvudspråket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Länder_där_tyska_är_huvudspråket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Länder där tyska är huvudspråket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Länder_där_tyska_är_huvudspråket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andra_länder_där_tyska_är_ett_officiellt_språk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andra_länder_där_tyska_är_ett_officiellt_språk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Andra länder där tyska är ett officiellt språk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andra_länder_där_tyska_är_ett_officiellt_språk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andra_länder_med_tyskspråkiga_områden_eller_tyskspråkiga_minoriteter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andra_länder_med_tyskspråkiga_områden_eller_tyskspråkiga_minoriteter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Andra länder med tyskspråkiga områden eller tyskspråkiga minoriteter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andra_länder_med_tyskspråkiga_områden_eller_tyskspråkiga_minoriteter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Länder_med_stora_tyska_immigrantgrupper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Länder_med_stora_tyska_immigrantgrupper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Länder med stora tyska immigrantgrupper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Länder_med_stora_tyska_immigrantgrupper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tyska_som_främmande_språk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tyska_som_främmande_språk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Tyska som främmande språk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tyska_som_främmande_språk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internets_barndom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internets_barndom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Internets barndom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internets_barndom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Källor-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Källor</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tyska</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 265 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-265" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">265 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahsa_Jeureuman" title="Bahsa Jeureuman – acehnesiska" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bahsa Jeureuman" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="acehnesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Джэрмэныбзэ – kabardinska" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Джэрмэныбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardinska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Германыбзэ – adygeiska" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Германыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygeiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duits" title="Duits – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Duits" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Sprache" title="Deutsche Sprache – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Deutsche Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%80%E1%88%AD%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%9B" title="ጀርመንኛ – amhariska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጀርመንኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksakiel%C3%A2" title="Saksakielâ – enaresamiska" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Saksakielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C4%93odsc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Þēodsc sprǣc – fornengelska" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Þēodsc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="fornengelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Агерман бызшәа – abchaziska" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Агерман бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abchaziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الألمانية – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الألمانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_alem%C3%A1n" title="Idioma alemán – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma alemán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%93%DC%AA%DC%A1%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܓܪܡܢܝܐ – arameiska" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܓܪܡܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Գերմաներէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գերմաներէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_gherm%C3%A3nesc%C3%A3" title="Limba ghermãnescã – arumänska" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Limba ghermãnescã" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemand" title="Alemand – frankoprovensalska" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Alemand" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="frankoprovensalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="জাৰ্মান ভাষা – assamesiska" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জাৰ্মান ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_alem%C3%A1n" title="Idioma alemán – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma alemán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alema%C3%B1a%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Alemañañe'ẽ – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Alemañañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="Герман мацӀ – avariska" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Герман мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliman_aru" title="Aliman aru – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Aliman aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman_dili" title="Alman dili – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alman dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="آلمان دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلمان دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jerman" title="Basa Jerman – balinesiska" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="জার্মান ভাষা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জার্মান ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tek-g%C3%AD" title="Tek-gí – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tek-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jerman" title="Basa Jerman – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Basa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Немец теле – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Немец теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нямецкая мова – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нямецкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нямецкая мова – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нямецкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Aleman" title="Tataramon na Aleman – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Aleman" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Немски език – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Немски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deitsche_Sproch" title="Deitsche Sproch – bayerska" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Deitsche Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bayerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="འཇར་མན་སྐད། – tibetanska" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འཇར་མན་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Njemački jezik – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Njemački jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamaneg" title="Alamaneg – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Alamaneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Герман хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Герман хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemany" title="Alemany – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alemany" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Нимĕç чĕлхи – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нимĕç чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inaleman" title="Inaleman – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Inaleman" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%9Bm%C4%8Dina" title="Němčina – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Němčina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chijerumani" title="Chijerumani – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chijerumani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tedesca" title="Lingua tedesca – korsikanska" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua tedesca" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaeneg" title="Almaeneg – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Almaeneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaamani" title="Jaamani – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Jaamani" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="rekommenderad artikel"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tysk_(sprog)" title="Tysk (sprog) – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tysk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لألمانية – marockansk arabiska" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لألمانية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marockansk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duiskkagiella" title="Duiskkagiella – nordsamiska" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Duiskkagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schtandard-Deitsch" title="Schtandard-Deitsch – Pennsylvaniatyska" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Schtandard-Deitsch" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvaniatyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Sprache" title="Deutsche Sprache – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Deutsche Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%A9" title="އަލްމާނީ – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އަލްމާނީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9%C3%A9sh_Bich%CA%BCahii_Bizaad" title="Béésh Bichʼahii Bizaad – navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Béésh Bichʼahii Bizaad" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nim%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Nimšćina – lågsorbiska" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Nimšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lågsorbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksa_keel" title="Saksa keel – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saksa keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Γερμανική γλώσσα – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γερμανική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted%C3%A8sch" title="Tedèsch – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Tedèsch" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language" title="German language – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="German language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Немецень кель – erjya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Немецень кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erjya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_alem%C3%A1n" title="Idioma alemán – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma alemán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germana_lingvo" title="Germana lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Germana lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_alemana" title="Lengua alemana – extremaduriska" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua alemana" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremaduriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleman" title="Aleman – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aleman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان آلمانی – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان آلمانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_bhasa" title="German bhasa – Fiji-hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="German bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji-hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BDskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Týskt mál – färöiska" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Týskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="färöiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allemand" title="Allemand – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Allemand" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BAtsk" title="Dútsk – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dútsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almankoore" title="Almankoore – fulani" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Almankoore" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_todescje" title="Lenghe todescje – friulianska" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe todescje" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ghearm%C3%A1inis" title="An Ghearmáinis – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ghearmáinis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaanish" title="Germaanish – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Germaanish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gearmailtis" title="Gearmailtis – skotsk gäliska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gearmailtis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gäliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_alem%C3%A1" title="Lingua alemá – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua alemá" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Немций мотт – ingusjiska" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Немций мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingusjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="德語 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="德語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A4%D9%86" title="آلماني زوؤن – gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="آلماني زوؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="જર્મન ભાષા – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જર્મન ભાષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 – gotiska" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet-ng%C3%AE" title="Tet-ngî – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tet-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Немшин келн – kalmuckiska" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Немшин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmuckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC%EC%96%B4" title="독일어 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독일어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language" title="German language – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="German language" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_Kelem%C4%81nia" title="ʻŌlelo Kelemānia – hawaiiska" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Kelemānia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Գերմաներեն – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերմաներեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%9Bm%C4%8Dina" title="Němčina – högsorbiska" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Němčina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="högsorbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Njemački jezik – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Njemački jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Bahasa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniana_linguo" title="Germaniana linguo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Germaniana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_nga_Aleman" title="Pagsasao nga Aleman – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao nga Aleman" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_german" title="Lingua german – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua german" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/German" title="German – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="German" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Немыцаг æвзаг – ossetiska" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Немыцаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiJamani" title="IsiJamani – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IsiJamani" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiJalimani" title="IsiJalimani – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiJalimani" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%BDska" title="Þýska – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þýska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tedesca" title="Lingua tedesca – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua tedesca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="גרמנית – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרמנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jerman" title="Basa Jerman – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caama_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Caama kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Caama kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಭಾಷೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Немец тил – karachay-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Немец тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachay-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="გერმანული ენა – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გერმანული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8E%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%86_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جَرمَن زَبان – kashmiriska" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="جَرمَن زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niemiecczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Niemiecczi jãzëk – kasjubiska" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Niemiecczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasjubiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Неміс тілі – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Неміс тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaynek" title="Almaynek – korniska" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Almaynek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikidage" title="Ikidage – kinjarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikidage" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinjarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijerumani" title="Kijerumani – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kijerumani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Немеч кыв – kome" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Немеч кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="kome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidoitce" title="Kidoitce – kikongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kidoitce" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kikongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_alman" title="Lang alman – haitiska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang alman" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anlman" title="Anlman – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Anlman" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_alman%C3%AE" title="Zimanê almanî – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê almanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Немис тили – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Немис тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_tud%C3%ABsch" title="Lingaz tudësch – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz tudësch" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_almana" title="Lingua almana – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua almana" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Немец маз – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Немец маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ພາສາເຢຍລະມັນ – laotiska" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາເຢຍລະມັນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuoc%C4%AB%C5%A1u_vol%C5%ABda" title="Vuocīšu volūda – lettgalliska" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Vuocīšu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="lettgalliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Theodisca" title="Lingua Theodisca – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Theodisca" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%81cu_valoda" title="Vācu valoda – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vācu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A4itsch" title="Däitsch – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Däitsch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Немец чӀал – lezghien" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Немец чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_kalba" title="Vokiečių kalba – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vokiečių kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_tedesca" title="Lengua tedesca – liguriska" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua tedesca" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duits" title="Duits – limburgiska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Duits" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lial%C3%A9mani" title="Lialémani – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lialémani" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutx_(lingua)" title="Deutx (lingua) – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Deutx (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germuanien_kieli" title="Germuanien kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Germuanien kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/dotybau" title="dotybau – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="dotybau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_todesca" title="Lengua todesca – lombardiska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua todesca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9met_nyelv" title="Német nyelv – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Német nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Германски јазик – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Германски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_alem%C3%A0na" title="Fiteny alemàna – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny alemàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ജർമ്മൻ ഭാഷ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജർമ്മൻ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_%C4%A0ermani%C5%BCa" title="Lingwa Ġermaniża – maltesiska" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Ġermaniża" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Tiamana" title="Reo Tiamana – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Tiamana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="გერმანული ნინა – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გერმანული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="لغه المانى – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه المانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="آلمانی – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آلمانی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯖꯔꯃꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯖꯔꯃꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Jerman" title="Bahaso Jerman – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Jerman" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1ik-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Dáik-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dáik-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lh%C3%A9ngua_almana" title="Lhéngua almana – mirandesiska" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Lhéngua almana" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Дойчень кяль – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Дойчень кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Герман хэл – mongoliska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Герман хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဂျာမန်ဘာသာစကား – burmesiska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျာမန်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duits" title="Duits – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Duits" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duuts" title="Duuts – lågsaxiska" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Duuts" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lågsaxiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मनेली भाषा – nepalesiska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जर्मनेली भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – newariska" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E8%AA%9E" title="ドイツ語 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドイツ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_germanese" title="Lengua germanese – napolitanska" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua germanese" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Девтойн мотт – tjetjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Девтойн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tjetjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tj%C3%BCsch" title="Tjüsch – nordfrisiska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tjüsch" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jirman" title="Jirman – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Jirman" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tysk" title="Tysk – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tysk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tysk" title="Tysk – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tysk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allemaund" title="Allemaund – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Allemaund" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanum" title="Germanum – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Germanum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemand" title="Alemand – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alemand" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%87_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Немыч йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Немыч йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemis_tili" title="Nemis tili – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nemis tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਜਰਮਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਰਮਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Sprache" title="Deutsche Sprache – Pfalz-tyska" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Deutsche Sprache" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Pfalz-tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_Alemano" title="Salitan Alemano – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Alemano" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="جرمن بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جرمن بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alem%C3%A1n" title="Alemán – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Alemán" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="جرمني ژبه – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جرمني ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joerman" title="Joerman – jamaikansk engelsk kreol" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Joerman" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaikansk engelsk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Немеч кыв – komi-permjakiska" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Немеч кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permjakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="ភាសាអាល្លឺម៉ង់ – kambodjanska" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាអាល្លឺម៉ង់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kambodjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemant" title="Alemant – pikardiska" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Alemant" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_ted%C3%ABsca" title="Lenga tedësca – piemontesiska" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga tedësca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Jeman" title="Tok Jeman – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Jeman" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BC%C3%BCtsche_Spraak" title="Düütsche Spraak – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Düütsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_niemiecki" title="Język niemiecki – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język niemiecki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_alem%C3%A3" title="Língua alemã – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua alemã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemis_tili" title="Nemis tili – karakalpakiska" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Nemis tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman_tili" title="Alman tili – krimtatariska" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Alman tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Heremani" title="Reo Heremani – tahitiska" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Reo Heremani" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCtsche_Sprooch" title="Dütsche Sprooch – kölniska" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Dütsche Sprooch" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_german%C4%83" title="Limba germană – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba germană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jermanikani_chib" title="Jermanikani chib – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Jermanikani chib" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tudestga" title="Lingua tudestga – rätoromanska" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua tudestga" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="rätoromanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliman_simi" title="Aliman simi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Aliman simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%97%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Нїмецькый язык – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Нїмецькый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Немецкий язык – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Немецкий язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ньиэмэс тыла – jakutiska" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ньиэмэс тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Siamani" title="Faʻa Siamani – samoanska" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Siamani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मनभाषा – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जर्मनभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_tedesca" title="Limba tedesca – sardinska" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba tedesca" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_leid" title="German leid – skotska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="German leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BC%C3%BCtsk" title="Düütsk – saterfrisiska" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Düütsk" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejeremane" title="Sejeremane – sydsotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Sejeremane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sydsotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejeremane" title="Sejeremane – nordsotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Sejeremane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="nordsotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejeremane" title="Sejeremane – tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Sejeremane" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_gjermane" title="Gjuha gjermane – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha gjermane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tidesca" title="Lingua tidesca – sicilianska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua tidesca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ජර්මානු භාෂාව – singalesiska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජර්මානු භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language" title="German language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="German language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="جرمن ٻولي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جرمن ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADJalim%C3%A1ne" title="SíJalimáne – swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="SíJalimáne" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nem%C4%8Dina" title="Nemčina – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nemčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nem%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Nemščina – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nemščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%A3%D0%BC%D1%8C%D1%87%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Нѣмьчьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – kyrkslaviska" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Нѣмьчьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="kyrkslaviska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mjymjecko_godka" title="Mjymjecko godka – silesiska" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Mjymjecko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%B5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زمانی ئەڵمانی – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ئەڵمانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doysritongo" title="Doysritongo – sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Doysritongo" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Немачки језик – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Немачки језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Njemački jezik – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Njemački jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_J%C3%A9rman" title="Basa Jérman – sundanesiska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Jérman" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksan_kieli" title="Saksan kieli – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saksan kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Aleman" title="Wikang Aleman – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Aleman" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="இடாய்ச்சு மொழி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இடாய்ச்சு மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Talimant" title="Tutlayt Talimant – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Talimant" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Talmant" title="Tutlayt Talmant – kabyliska" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tutlayt Talmant" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_tedesche" title="Lènga tedesche – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga tedesche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman_tele" title="Alman tele – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Alman tele" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="జర్మన్ భాష – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జర్మన్ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lia-alemaun" title="Lia-alemaun – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Lia-alemaun" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาเยอรมัน – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาเยอรมัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони олмонӣ – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони олмонӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%9B%E1%8F%A5_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AF%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎠᏂᏛᏥ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ – cherokesiska" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏂᏛᏥ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%27%C4%97ho%C3%A9seotse" title="Ma'ėhoéseotse – cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Ma'ėhoéseotse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಭಾಷೆ – tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanca" title="Almanca – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Almanca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman_dili" title="Alman dili – turkmeniska" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Alman dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Немец дыл – tuviniska" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Немец дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuviniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Немец кыл – udmurtiska" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Немец кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Німецька мова – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Німецька мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جرمن زبان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جرمن زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%90%D9%85%D9%89%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="نېمىس تىلى – uiguriska" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نېمىس تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vah_Dwzgoz" title="Vah Dwzgoz – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vah Dwzgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_todesca" title="Łéngua todesca – venetianska" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua todesca" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksan_kel%27" title="Saksan kel' – veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Saksan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Tiếng Đức – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Đức" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deut%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Deutänapük – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Deutänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%27aksa_kiil" title="S'aksa kiil – võru" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="S'aksa kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almand_(lingaedje)" title="Almand (lingaedje) – vallonska" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Almand (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="德語 – litterär kineiska" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="德語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="litterär kineiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duuts" title="Duuts – västflamländska" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Duuts" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="västflamländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inaleman" title="Inaleman – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inaleman" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="德语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A9" title="דייטש – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דייטש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Germany" title="Èdè Germany – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Germany" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87" title="德文 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="德文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanki" title="Almanki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Almanki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duuts" title="Duuts – zeeländska" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Duuts" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeeländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuok%C4%ABtiu_kalba" title="Vuokītiu kalba – samogitiska" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vuokītiu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="德语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – batak-toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="batak-toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Jerman" title="Saro Jerman – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Jerman" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Jereman" title="Jaku Jereman – ibanska" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Jereman" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almani_zyvon" title="Almani zyvon – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Almani zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ – marockansk standard-tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="marockansk standard-tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tyska" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Tyska" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ändra språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">svenska</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tyska"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tyska"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/Tyska" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Tyska" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor" title="Lista över alla specialsidor [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&oldid=56034780" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=Tyska&id=56034780&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTyska"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTyska"><span>Ladda ner QR-kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/exportera </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Tyska"><span>Skapa en bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tyska&action=show-download-screen"><span>Ladda ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvänlig version av den här sidan [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvänlig version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:German_language" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikibooks.org/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kkurser/Tyska" hreflang="sv"><span>Wikibooks</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z1430" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Tysk_parl%C3%B6r" hreflang="sv"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rekommenderade_artiklar" title="En eller flera av Wikipedias användare rekommenderar denna artikel på grund av dess goda kvalitet."><img alt="En eller flera av Wikipedias användare rekommenderar denna artikel på grund av dess goda kvalitet." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rekommenderad.svg/19px-Rekommenderad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rekommenderad.svg/29px-Rekommenderad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rekommenderad.svg/38px-Rekommenderad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="438" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><div class="noexcerpt noprint hanvisning_bas"> <dl><dd><i>Uppslagsordet ”Deutsch” leder hit.  För andra betydelser, se <a href="/wiki/Deutsch_(olika_betydelser)" class="mw-disambig" title="Deutsch (olika betydelser)">Deutsch (olika betydelser)</a>.</i></dd></dl></div> <div class="noexcerpt noprint hanvisning_bas"> <dl><dd><i>Uppslagsordet ”Ty.” leder hit.  För språkkoden "ty" enligt ISO 639-1, se <a href="/wiki/Tahitiska" title="Tahitiska">Tahitiska</a>.  </i></dd></dl></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r53696904">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:3px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; font-size:130%;background:#c9ffd9;">Tyska</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;background:#c9ffd9;">Deutsch</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Talas i</th><td class="" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland"><img alt="Tyskland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterrike" title="Österrike"><img alt="Österrike" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterrike" title="Österrike">Österrike</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Schweiz" title="Schweiz"><img alt="Schweiz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Schweiz" title="Schweiz">Schweiz</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein"><img alt="Liechtenstein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/22px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/33px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/44px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgien" title="Belgien"><img alt="Belgien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgien" title="Belgien">Belgien</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg"><img alt="Luxemburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/22px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/33px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/44px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia"><img alt="Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ungern" title="Ungern"><img alt="Ungern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ungern" title="Ungern">Ungern</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italien" title="Italien"><img alt="Italien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italien" title="Italien">Italien</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sydtyrolen" title="Sydtyrolen">Sydtyrolen</a>) <br /> Åtminstone 14 andra länder med stora tysktalande minoriteter</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Region</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Centraleuropa" title="Centraleuropa">Centraleuropa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nordeuropa" title="Nordeuropa">Nordeuropa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydv%C3%A4stafrika" title="Sydvästafrika">Sydvästafrika</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Antal talare</th><td class="" style="">95 miljoner (120–150 miljoner inkl. <a href="/wiki/Andraspr%C3%A5k" title="Andraspråk">andraspråkstalare</a>)</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Status</th><td class="" style="">världsspråk</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Språkfamilj</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Indoeuropeiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Indoeuropeiska språk">Indoeuropeiska språk</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Germanska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Germanska språk">Germanska språk</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Germanska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Germanska språk">Västgermanska språk</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gtyska" title="Högtyska">Högtyska språk</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Tyska</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#c9ffd9;">Officiell status</th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Officiellt språk i</th><td class="" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland"><img alt="Tyskland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterrike" title="Österrike"><img alt="Österrike" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterrike" title="Österrike">Österrike</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Schweiz" title="Schweiz"><img alt="Schweiz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Schweiz" title="Schweiz">Schweiz</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg"><img alt="Luxemburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/22px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/33px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/44px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein"><img alt="Liechtenstein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/22px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/33px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/44px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgien" title="Belgien"><img alt="Belgien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgien" title="Belgien">Belgien</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italien" title="Italien"><img alt="Italien" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italien" title="Italien">Italien</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sydtyrolen" title="Sydtyrolen">Sydtyrolen</a>)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia"><img alt="Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a><br /><span class="flaggbild" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Europeiska_unionen" title="Europeiska unionen"><img alt="Europeiska unionen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/21px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/42px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Europeiska_unionen" title="Europeiska unionen">Europeiska unionen</a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Språkmyndighet</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rat_f%C3%BCr_deutsche_Rechtschreibung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung [inte skriven än]">Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#c9ffd9;">Språkkoder</th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>‐1</th><td class="" style=""><kbd><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=de">de</a></span></kbd></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>‐2</th><td class="" style=""><kbd><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=160">ger</a></span></kbd> (B)<br /><kbd><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=160">deu</a></span></kbd> (T)</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>‐3</th><td class="" style=""><kbd><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/deu" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:deu">deu</a></kbd></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Legal_status_of_German_in_the_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Legal_status_of_German_in_the_world.svg/220px-Legal_status_of_German_in_the_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Legal_status_of_German_in_the_world.svg/330px-Legal_status_of_German_in_the_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Legal_status_of_German_in_the_world.svg/440px-Legal_status_of_German_in_the_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1326" data-file-height="601" /></a></span> <div style="text-align:center;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Legal_status_of_German_in_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Legal_status_of_German_in_Europe.svg/250px-Legal_status_of_German_in_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Legal_status_of_German_in_Europe.svg/375px-Legal_status_of_German_in_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Legal_status_of_German_in_Europe.svg/500px-Legal_status_of_German_in_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="769" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br />Karta som belyser tyskans utbredning i världen</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/WIKITONGUES-_Gereon_speaking_German.webm/250px--WIKITONGUES-_Gereon_speaking_German.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="250" height="140" data-durationhint="130" data-mwtitle="WIKITONGUES-_Gereon_speaking_German.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fil:WIKITONGUES-_Gereon_speaking_German.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/WIKITONGUES-_Gereon_speaking_German.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Gereon_speaking_German.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/WIKITONGUES-_Gereon_speaking_German.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1080" data-height="606" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/WIKITONGUES-_Gereon_speaking_German.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Gereon_speaking_German.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/WIKITONGUES-_Gereon_speaking_German.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Gereon_speaking_German.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/WIKITONGUES-_Gereon_speaking_German.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Gereon_speaking_German.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWIKITONGUES-_Gereon_speaking_German.webm&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWIKITONGUES-_Gereon_speaking_German.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWIKITONGUES-_Gereon_speaking_German.webm&lang=eo&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eo" label="Esperanto ‪(eo)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>Talad tyska</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tyska</b> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">tyska</a>: <span lang="de"><i>deutsche Sprache, Deutsch</i></span>) är ett <a href="/wiki/Germanska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Germanska språk">germanskt språk</a>, talat av omkring 120–150 miljoner människor (varav cirka 95<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> miljoner har det som <a href="/wiki/Modersm%C3%A5l" title="Modersmål">modersmål</a>). Detta gör språket till <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europas</a> största eller näst största språk<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (efter <a href="/wiki/Ryska" title="Ryska">ryska</a>) och det germanska språk som har näst flest talare i världen, efter <a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelskan</a>. Tyskan är världens tolfte största språk.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tyskan har ett stort antal <a href="/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt">dialekter</a>, till exempel <a href="/wiki/Bayerska" title="Bayerska">bayerska</a>, kölsch och <a href="/wiki/Westfaliska" title="Westfaliska">westfaliska</a>, vilka brukar delas in i huvudgrupperna <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gtyska" title="Högtyska">högtyska</a> och <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5gtyska" title="Lågtyska">lågtyska</a>. Till skillnad från många andra germanska språk har tyskan bevarat mycket av den <a href="/wiki/Urgermanska" title="Urgermanska">urgermanska grammatiken</a>. Ett exempel på detta är rika <a href="/wiki/Kasus" title="Kasus">kasusböjningar</a>, men språket har i andra avseenden förändrat sig mer från urgermanskan än många andra språk, bland annat genom en <a href="/wiki/Ljudf%C3%B6r%C3%A4ndring" title="Ljudförändring">ljudskridning</a> där /p/ blivit /f/ (svenska <i>skepp</i>, engelska <i>ship</i>, tyska <i>Schiff</i>), /t/ blivit /s/ eller <i>z</i> (svenska <i>tid</i>, engelska <i>tide</i> och tyska <i>Zeit</i> och svenska <i>äta</i>, engelska <i>eat</i> och tyska <i>essen</i>) och /k/ blivit <i>ch</i> (svenska <i>språk</i>, engelska <i>speak</i>, tyska <i>Sprache</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymologi">Etymologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Etymologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Etymologi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ordet <i>tyska</i> kommer av <a href="/wiki/Fornnordiska" title="Fornnordiska">fornnordiska</a> <i>þýdisker</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kognat_(lingvistik)" title="Kognat (lingvistik)">kognat</a> med tyska <i>Deutsch</i> ('tysk')) av <a href="/wiki/Forngermanska" class="mw-redirect" title="Forngermanska">forngermanska</a> <i>thioda</i>, som betyder 'folk' och betecknade alla <a href="/wiki/Germaner" title="Germaner">germanska</a> stammar i centrala Europa, till skillnad från de latinska folken<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, jmf. poetiska <i>Svitjod</i>, isländska <i>Svíþjóð</i> ('Sverige'), <a href="/wiki/Runsvenska" title="Runsvenska">runsvenska</a> <i>sveþiuþ</i> ('svea-folk'). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ordförråd"><span id="Ordf.C3.B6rr.C3.A5d"></span>Ordförråd</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Ordförråd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Ordförråd"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arvord_och_lånord"><span id="Arvord_och_l.C3.A5nord"></span>Arvord och lånord</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Arvord och lånord" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Arvord och lånord"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Arvord" title="Arvord">Arvorden</a> härstammar från <a href="/wiki/Indoeuropeiska" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoeuropeiska">indoeuropeiska</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Germanska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Germanska språk">germanska språk</a>. Till arvorden hör ord som <i>zwei</i>, <i>Zaun</i>, <i>hundert</i>, <i>Liebe</i>, <i>Zahn</i> och <i>Vieh</i>. Exempel på <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5nord" title="Lånord">lånord</a> från latin är <i>Fenster</i>, <i>Wein</i>, <i>Straße</i>, <i>Ziegel</i> och <i>Rettich</i>, medan <i>Pfaffe</i> och <i>Kirche</i> är tidiga lånord av grekiskt ursprung. Senare lånord av grekiskt ursprung är <i>Biologie</i>, <i>Theologie</i>, <i>Mathematik</i> och <i>Arithmetik</i>. Sena lånord av italienskt ursprung är <i>Bank</i>, <i>Bilanz</i> och <i>Melone</i>. Från franska härstammar bl.a. <i>Garderobe</i>, <i>Toilette</i> och <i>galant</i>. </p><p>De flesta lån- och arvorden i det tyska språket är av indoeuropeiskt ursprung. Exempelvis orden <i>Bruch</i> och <i>Fraktur</i> går tillbaka på samma indoeuropeiska ord. Medan <i>Bruch</i> är ett indoeuropeiskt arvord, härstammar <i>Fraktur</i> (liksom <i>Fraktion</i> och <i>Fragment</i>) från latin. På samma sätt förhåller det sig med arvordet <i>Joch</i> och lånordet <i>Yoga</i> (från <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">sanskrit</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammatik">Grammatik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Grammatik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Grammatik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Tysk_grammatik" title="Tysk grammatik">Tysk grammatik</a></dd></dl></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kasus">Kasus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kasus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kasus"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tyska språket utmärker sig genom att det finns fyra olika <a href="/wiki/Kasus" title="Kasus">kasus</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dessa är <a href="/wiki/Nominativ" title="Nominativ">nominativ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genitiv" title="Genitiv">genitiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dativ" title="Dativ">dativ</a> och <a href="/wiki/Ackusativ" title="Ackusativ">ackusativ</a>. <a href="/wiki/Adjektiv" title="Adjektiv">Adjektiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pronomen" title="Pronomen">pronomen</a>, vissa former av <a href="/wiki/Substantiv" title="Substantiv">substantivet</a> och substantivets artikel kasusböjs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genus">Genus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Genus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Genus"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det tyska språket har tre <a href="/wiki/Grammatiskt_genus" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammatiskt genus">genus</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maskulinum" title="Maskulinum">maskulinum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Femininum" title="Femininum">femininum</a> och <a href="/wiki/Neutrum" title="Neutrum">neutrum</a>. <a href="/wiki/Adjektiv" title="Adjektiv">Adjektiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pronomen" title="Pronomen">pronomen</a> och <a href="/wiki/Substantiv" title="Substantiv">substantivets</a> <a href="/wiki/Artikel_(grammatik)" title="Artikel (grammatik)">artikel</a> böjs efter huvudordets genus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verb">Verb</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Verb" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Verb"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>På tyska skiljer man mellan böjning av <a href="/wiki/Svaga_verb" class="mw-redirect" title="Svaga verb">svaga verb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Starka_verb" class="mw-redirect" title="Starka verb">starka verb</a> och <a href="/wiki/Oregelbundna_verb" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregelbundna verb">oregelbundna verb</a>. Verben kongruensböjs efter person och numerus (subjekt–predikat-kongruens) även om verbens böjning är samma i första och tredje person pluralis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tempus">Tempus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Tempus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Tempus"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det tyska språket har sex <a href="/wiki/Tempus" title="Tempus">tempus</a>: <a href="/wiki/Presens" title="Presens">presens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Preteritum" title="Preteritum">preteritum</a> (eller <a href="/wiki/Imperfekt" title="Imperfekt">imperfekt</a>), <a href="/wiki/Perfekt" title="Perfekt">perfekt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pluskvamperfekt" title="Pluskvamperfekt">pluskvamperfekt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Futurum" title="Futurum">futurum I</a> och futurum II. Preteritum och perfekt uttrycker i de flesta fall ingen betydelsemässig skillnad. Vid vissa verb (de så kallade <a href="/w/index.php?title=Durativ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durativ [inte skriven än]">durativa</a> verben) är tempusbruket dock betydelseskiljande, och tempusanvändningen är dessutom generellt olika i talat och skrivet språk (större förekomst av perfekt- resp. preteritumformer). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adjektiv">Adjektiv</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Adjektiv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Adjektiv"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>När ett adjektiv står före substantivet (<a href="/wiki/Attribut_(lingvistik)" title="Attribut (lingvistik)">attributivt</a>) böjs det efter kasus, <a href="/wiki/Numerus" title="Numerus">numerus</a> och genus. När adjektivet står senare i satsen (<a href="/wiki/Predikativ" title="Predikativ">predikativt</a>) lämnas adjektivet helt oböjt. Detta gör att tyska språket saknar markör för att visa på skillnaden mellan predikativa adjektiv och <a href="/wiki/Adverb" title="Adverb">adverb</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Substantiv">Substantiv</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Substantiv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Substantiv"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Substantiv böjs i det tyska språket efter kasus och numerus. Varje substantivs första bokstav skall alltid vara <a href="/wiki/Versal" title="Versal">versal</a>. </p><p>Substantivets genus kan generellt sett inte utläsas utifrån substantivet självt, utan måste läras in för en person som vill lära sig det tyska språket. Det finns några grupper med ord med vissa ändelser som tillhör specifika genus (exempel: ord med <i>chen</i>-ändelse är alltid neutrala). Det finns även ändelser som indikerar att substantivet oftast tillhör ett specifikt genus (exempel: ord med <i>e-</i>ändelse är oftast feminina). Substantiv som betecknar maskulina eller feminina levande varelser är också oftast maskulina respektive feminina. Substantiverade <a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbinfinitiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verbinfinitiv [inte skriven än]">verbinfinitiver</a> är alltid neutrala. </p><p>De tyska substantivens pluralformer är oregelbundna och måste läras in ord för ord. Substantivets pluralform består oftast av ett <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a>. Substantivets slutbokstav indikerar vilken pluraländelse som kan tänkas vara trolig, men några generella regler finns inte. Det förekommer också att ordets stam förändras, och när en sådan stamförändring sker är det särskilt vanligt att A ändras till Ä, O ändras till Ö eller U ändras till Ü, så kallat <a href="/wiki/Omljud" title="Omljud">omljud</a> (<i>Umlaut</i>) – jämför med svenskans <i>land/länder</i> eller <i>bok/böcker.</i> </p><p>Tyska substantiv kan i likhet med de svenska kombineras till nya genom sammansättning. Likt förhållandet i det svenska språket finns det ingen generell regel för hur många substantiv som på detta sätt kan sammanfogas vid bildandet av ett nytt. Generellt kan sägas att det i tyskan förekommer fler långa sammansättningar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artiklar">Artiklar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Artiklar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Artiklar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tyska språket har två <a href="/wiki/Artikel_(grammatik)" title="Artikel (grammatik)">artiklar</a>: bestämd artikel (<i>der</i>, <i>das</i>, <i>die</i>) och obestämd artikel (<i>ein</i>, <i>eine</i>). Dessutom kan substantivet stå utan artikel. Artiklarna böjs efter substantivets genus, numerus och kasus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bestämd_artikel"><span id="Best.C3.A4md_artikel"></span>Bestämd artikel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitt: Bestämd artikel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Bestämd artikel"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="toccolours" style="float;width: 30em;"> <tbody><tr> <td></td> <td><b>Maskulinum</b></td> <td><b>Neutrum</b></td> <td><b>Femininum</b></td> <td><i>Pluralis</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Nominativ</i></td> <td>der</td> <td>das</td> <td>die</td> <td>die </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ackusativ</i></td> <td>den</td> <td>das</td> <td>die</td> <td>die </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Dativ</i></td> <td>dem</td> <td>dem</td> <td>der</td> <td>den </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Genitiv</i></td> <td>des</td> <td>des</td> <td>der</td> <td>der </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Obestämd_artikel"><span id="Obest.C3.A4md_artikel"></span>Obestämd artikel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitt: Obestämd artikel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Obestämd artikel"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="toccolours" style="float;width: 30em;"> <tbody><tr> <td></td> <td><b>Maskulinum</b></td> <td><b>Neutrum</b></td> <td><b>Femininum</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Nominativ</i></td> <td>ein</td> <td>ein</td> <td>eine </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ackusativ</i></td> <td>einen</td> <td>ein</td> <td>eine </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Dativ</i></td> <td>einem</td> <td>einem</td> <td>einer </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Genitiv</i></td> <td>eines</td> <td>eines</td> <td>einer </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronomen">Pronomen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitt: Pronomen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Pronomen"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pronomen" title="Pronomen">Pronomina</a> böjs efter kasus, <a href="/wiki/Numerus" title="Numerus">numerus</a> och genus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Relativa_pronomina">Relativa pronomina</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitt: Relativa pronomina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Relativa pronomina"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Relativt_pronomen" class="mw-redirect" title="Relativt pronomen">Relativa pronomina</a> kasusböjs i enlighet med deras roll i <a href="/wiki/Relativsats" title="Relativsats">relativsatsen</a>. Däremot rättar sig genus- och numerustillhörighet efter <a href="/wiki/Korrelat" title="Korrelat">korrelatet</a> (det ord som relativpronomenet syftar på). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Personliga_pronomina">Personliga pronomina</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Redigera avsnitt: Personliga pronomina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=16" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Personliga pronomina"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Artighetsform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artighetsform [inte skriven än]">artighetsform</a> används tredje person pluralis till skillnad från andra person pluralis i svenska språket. En skillnad mellan artighetsformen i tredje person pluralis och den vanliga formen av tredje person pluralis görs däremot i skrift, då artighetsformen skrivs med versal begynnelsebokstav (<i>Sie</i> kontra <i>sie</i>). Artighetsformen används mycket flitigare än i svenskan och bör alltid användas vid tilltal av äldre eller okända personer för att man inte ska uppfattas som oartig eller plumpt överfamiljär. </p> <table class="toccolours" style="float;width: 30em;"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Singularis</b></td> <td><b>1:a pers.</b></td> <td><b>2:a pers.</b></td> <td><b>3:e pers.</b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Maskulinum" title="Maskulinum">maskulinum</a> / <a href="/wiki/Femininum" title="Femininum">femininum</a> / <a href="/wiki/Neutrum" title="Neutrum">neutrum</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Nominativ</i></td> <td>ich</td> <td>du</td> <td>er / sie / es </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ackusativ</i></td> <td>mich</td> <td>dich</td> <td>ihn / sie / es </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Dativ</i></td> <td>mir</td> <td>dir</td> <td>ihm / ihr / ihm </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Genitiv</i></td> <td>meiner</td> <td>deiner</td> <td>seiner / ihrer / seiner </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Precis som i svenskan beror tredje person singularis på genus. I tabellen ovan anges <a href="/wiki/Maskulinum" title="Maskulinum">maskulinum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Femininum" title="Femininum">femininum</a> och <a href="/wiki/Neutrum" title="Neutrum">neutrum</a>. </p> <table class="toccolours" style="float;width: 30em;"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Pluralis</b></td> <td><b>1:a pers.</b></td> <td><b>2:a pers.</b></td> <td><b>3:e pers.</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Nominativ</i></td> <td>wir</td> <td>ihr</td> <td>sie </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ackusativ</i></td> <td>uns</td> <td>euch</td> <td>sie </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Dativ</i></td> <td>uns</td> <td>euch</td> <td>ihnen </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Genitiv</i></td> <td>unser</td> <td>euer</td> <td>ihrer </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prepositioner">Prepositioner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Redigera avsnitt: Prepositioner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=17" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Prepositioner"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tyskans <a href="/wiki/Preposition" title="Preposition">prepositioner</a> styr olika kasus. Lejonparten av prepositionerna kan delas in i tre grupper efter de kasus som de styr: <a href="/wiki/Dativ" title="Dativ">dativ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ackusativ" title="Ackusativ">ackusativ</a> samt ömsom <a href="/wiki/Dativ" title="Dativ">dativ</a>, ömsom <a href="/wiki/Ackusativ" title="Ackusativ">ackusativ</a> beroende på befintlighet respektive rörelse. Beträffande den senare gruppen används ofta minnesregeln <i>RiA</i> och <i>BeDa</i>: RiA står för <i>riktning</i> och <i>ackusativ</i> och BeDa för <i>befintlighet</i> och <i>dativ</i>. Dessa prepositioner styr i regel ackusativ när de kombineras med verb som betecknar rörelse (<i>ich hänge das Bild an die Wand</i> 'jag hänger upp tavlan på väggen'), medan de styr dativ när de betecknar befintlighet (<i>das Bild hängt an der Wand</i> 'bilden hänger på väggen'). Detta förhållande gäller endast för <a href="/wiki/Adverbial" title="Adverbial">adverbial</a>; för prepositionsobjekt gäller andra regler. </p><p>Det finns även prepositioner som styr <a href="/wiki/Genitiv" title="Genitiv">genitiv</a>. </p> <table class="toccolours" style="left:center;width: 65em;"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Ackusativ</b></td> <td></td> <td><b>Dativ</b></td> <td></td> <td><b>Genitiv</b></td> <td></td> <td><b>Ackusativ eller dativ</b></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>durch</td> <td>genom</td> <td>aus</td> <td>av/från/ut ur</td> <td>während</td> <td>under (tid)</td> <td>an</td> <td>vid/på </td></tr> <tr> <td>für</td> <td>för/till</td> <td>außer</td> <td>utom (med undantag)</td> <td>trotz</td> <td>trots</td> <td>auf</td> <td>på </td></tr> <tr> <td>gegen</td> <td>(e)mot</td> <td>bei</td> <td>på/bredvid/hos</td> <td>(an)statt</td> <td>i stället för</td> <td>hinter</td> <td>bakom </td></tr> <tr> <td>ohne</td> <td>utan</td> <td>gegenüber</td> <td>mittemot</td> <td>wegen</td> <td>på grund av</td> <td>in</td> <td>i </td></tr> <tr> <td>um</td> <td>omkring/runt</td> <td>mit</td> <td>med</td> <td>anhand</td> <td>enligt, med stöd av</td> <td>neben</td> <td>bredvid </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>nach</td> <td>efter/till/mot</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>über</td> <td>över </td></tr> <tr> <td>entlang</td> <td>längs (med)</td> <td>seit</td> <td>sedan</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>unter</td> <td>under </td></tr> <tr> <td>bis</td> <td>till/tills</td> <td>von</td> <td>av</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>vor</td> <td>framför </td></tr> <tr> <td>wider</td> <td>mot</td> <td>zu</td> <td>till</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>zwischen</td> <td>mellan </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ordföljd"><span id="Ordf.C3.B6ljd"></span>Ordföljd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Redigera avsnitt: Ordföljd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=18" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Ordföljd"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I en <a href="/wiki/Huvudsats" title="Huvudsats">huvudsats</a> står det personböjda verbet i regel på position två. Men i en <a href="/wiki/Bisats" title="Bisats">bisats</a> sätts det personböjda verbet vanligen i slutet av satsen. Detta i kombination med andra ordföljdsregler leder till en för tyska språket karaktäristisk verbuppräkning i slutet av bisatsen.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>I tyska språket sätts komma mellan en menings alla ingående satser och utvidgade infinitivgrupper (infinitiv som innehåller fler element än ett verb). I tyskt skriftspråk används ofta en meningslängd som vida överstiger vad man kan hitta i motsvarande svensk text. Bisatser som relativsatser och <i>att</i>-satser adderas till varandra och kan bilda en för den moderne svensken ovan struktur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uttal">Uttal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Redigera avsnitt: Uttal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=19" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Uttal"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r51224235">.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border-collapse:collapse;background:#fbfbfb;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox th.ambox-text,.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-text{padding:.25em .5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-image{padding:2px 0 2px .5em;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-imageright{padding:2px 4px 2px 0;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete,.mw-parser-output table.ambox-serious{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-merge{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox{border-top-width:0}.mw-parser-output .messagebox{border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#f8f9fa;width:80%;margin:0 auto 1em auto;padding:.2em}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.merge{border:1px solid #c0b8cc;background-color:#f0e5ff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.cleanup{border:1px solid #9f9fff;background-color:#efefff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.standard-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.nested-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;width:100%;margin:2px 4px}</style><table class="metadata ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image"> <div style="width:52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/40px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/60px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/80px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td> <td class="ambox-text">Det här avsnittet <b>behöver <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:K%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Källhänvisningar">källhänvisningar</a> för att kunna <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet" title="Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet">verifieras</a>.</b> <small>(2016-10)</small> <br /><small>Åtgärda genom att lägga till pålitliga källor (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">gärna som fotnoter</a>). Uppgifter utan källhänvisning kan <a href="/wiki/Mall:K%C3%A4lla_beh%C3%B6vs" title="Mall:Källa behövs">ifrågasättas</a> och tas bort utan att det behöver diskuteras på <a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Tyska" title="Diskussion:Tyska">diskussionssidan</a>.</small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>I stort sett uttalas tyska språket på ett snarlikt sätt som svenska språket. Det finns dock viktiga undantag. Några ljud i tyskan, som till exempel <a href="/wiki/Ach-ljud" class="mw-redirect" title="Ach-ljud">ach-ljud</a> och låga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Y-ljud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Y-ljud [inte skriven än]">y-ljud</a>, samt även pf (uttalat som pf) och z (uttalat som ts) i början på ord, har inte motsvarande uttal i svenska. </p><p>Det tyska sättet att betona orden skiljer sig däremot en del från det svenska språkets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vokaler">Vokaler</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Redigera avsnitt: Vokaler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=20" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Vokaler"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#FFDEAD">fonem <br /> (IPA) </th> <th bgcolor="#FFDEAD">grafem </th> <th bgcolor="#FFDEAD">beskrivning </th> <th bgcolor="#FFDEAD">exempel på tyskt ord </th> <th bgcolor="#FFDEAD">fon <br /> (IPA) </th></tr> <tr> <td>/a/</td> <td>a</td> <td>mer öppet än ett svenskt <i>a</i>, ungefär som i f<b>a</b>lla, dock längre.</td> <td>f<b>a</b>llen</td> <td>[a] </td></tr> <tr> <td>/<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">aː</span>/</td> <td>a</td> <td>långt <i>a</i></td> <td>k<b>a</b>m (kom), K<b>a</b>min</td> <td>[<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">a(ː)</span>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>/<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ɛ</span>/</td> <td>e</td> <td>som i svenskan <i>e</i> i m<b>e</b>st eller <i>ä</i> i h<b>ä</b>st</td> <td>St<b>e</b>lle; bitt<b>e</b></td> <td>[<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ɛ</span>]/[<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ə</span>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>/<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">æː</span>/</td> <td>ä</td> <td>antingen som i svenskan, till exempel <i>ä</i> i g<b>ä</b>spa eller som <i>e</i> i s<b>e</b></td> <td>K<b>ä</b>se</td> <td>[<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">æː</span>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>/<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">eː</span>/</td> <td>e/eh</td> <td>långt e, som i svenskan, till exempel <i>e</i> i m<b>e</b>r.</td> <td>m<b>e</b>hr, st<b>eh</b>len</td> <td>[<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">e(ː)</span>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>/<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ɪ</span>/</td> <td>i</td> <td>som i svenskan, till exempel <i>i</i> i m<b>i</b>tt</td> <td>M<b>i</b>tte</td> <td>[<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ɪ</span>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>/<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">iː</span>/</td> <td>i/ie</td> <td>långt i, som i svenskan, till exempel <i>i</i> i f<b>i</b>n</td> <td>M<b>ie</b>te, v<b>i</b>tal</td> <td>[<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">i(ː)</span>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>/<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ɔ</span>/</td> <td>o</td> <td>alltid som svenskt kort å, till exempel i g<b>å</b>tt, aldrig som <i>o</i> i h<b>o</b>t</td> <td><b>o</b>ffen</td> <td>[<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ɔ</span>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>/<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">oː</span>/</td> <td>o/oh</td> <td>alltid som svensk långt å, till exempel som i k<b>å</b>k</td> <td><b>O</b>fen; R<b>o</b>man; <p>Hurens<b>o</b>hn. </p> </td> <td>[<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">o(ː)</span>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>/<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">œ</span>/</td> <td>ö</td> <td>som i svenskan, till exempel <i>ö</i> i kött</td> <td>H<b>ö</b>lle</td> <td>[<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">œ</span>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>/<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">øː</span>/</td> <td>ö/öh</td> <td>långt ö, som i svenskan, till exempel <i>ö</i> i k<b>ö</b>l</td> <td>H<b>öh</b>le; <b>Ö</b>dem</td> <td>[<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ø(ː)</span>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>/<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ʊ</span>/</td> <td>u</td> <td>alltid som <i>o</i> i b<b>o</b>tt, aldrig som <i>u</i> i <b>u</b>ngdom</td> <td>M<b>u</b>tter; <p>H<b>u</b>rensohn. </p> </td> <td>[<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ʊ</span>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>/<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">uː</span>/</td> <td>u/uh</td> <td>som <i>o</i> i kl<b>o</b>k</td> <td>M<b>u</b>t; R<b>u</b>bin</td> <td>[<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">u(ː)</span>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>/<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ʏ</span>/</td> <td>ü</td> <td>ungefär som <i>y</i> i p<b>y</b>tt</td> <td>m<b>ü</b>ssen.</td> <td>[<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ʏ</span>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>/<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">yː</span>/</td> <td>ü/y</td> <td>ungefär som <i>y</i> i men<b>y</b>, dock lite djupare. Det finns ingen riktig motsvarighet i svenskan.</td> <td>m<b>ü</b>ßig; B<b>ü</b>ro bzw. Ph<b>y</b>sik.</td> <td>[<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">y(ː)</span>] </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Källa:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Observera att <i>ä</i>, <i>ö</i> och <i>ü</i> vanligtvis inte räknas som enskilda bokstäver i tyskan, utan anses vara <i><a href="/wiki/Omljud" title="Omljud">omljud</a></i> och sorteras som <i>a</i>, <i>o</i> eller <i>u</i> i ordböcker och i listan ovan. <i>ß</i> sorteras som <i>ss</i>. Ett <i>h</i> som står efter en vokal betyder att vokalen ska uttalas lång, till exempel ordet Z<i>ah</i>l uttalas med ett långt <i>a</i>, jämför med det svenska ordet <i>tal</i>. I bl.a. <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterrike" title="Österrike">Österrike</a> och <a href="/wiki/Bayern" title="Bayern">Bayern</a> blir betonandet av "a" betydligt dovare än i <a href="/wiki/Svenska" title="Svenska">svenskan</a>, och är mer o-likt, till exempel uttalas frasen "Guten Tag" <i>//gΩten toκ//</i> (notera det grövre o:et). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diftonger">Diftonger</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Redigera avsnitt: Diftonger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=21" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Diftonger"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det tyska språket har tre <a href="/wiki/Diftong" title="Diftong">diftonger</a>. </p> <table class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#FFDEAD">fon <br /> (IPA) </th> <th bgcolor="#FFDEAD">grafem </th> <th bgcolor="#FFDEAD">beskrivning </th> <th bgcolor="#FFDEAD">exempel på tyskt ord </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">aɪ̯</span></td> <td>ei, ai, ay</td> <td>som <i>aj</i> i p<b>aj</b></td> <td><b>Ei</b>: M<b>ai</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">aʊ̯</span></td> <td>au</td> <td>ungefär som <i>ou</i> i det engelska ordet h<b>ou</b>se</td> <td>H<b>au</b>s </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ɔʏ̯</span></td> <td>eu, äu</td> <td>som <i>oj</i> i sk<b>oj</b>. Uttalas aldrig som kombination <i>ev</i> eller <i>you</i> i <i>eu</i>ro.</td> <td><b>Eu</b>le; M<b>äu</b>se </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Källa:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konsonanter">Konsonanter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Redigera avsnitt: Konsonanter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=22" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Konsonanter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det tyska konsonantsystemet består av 25 fonem. </p> <table class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#FFDEAD">fon <br />(IPA) </th> <th bgcolor="#FFDEAD">grafem </th> <th bgcolor="#FFDEAD">beskrivning </th> <th bgcolor="#FFDEAD">exempel på tyskt ord </th></tr> <tr> <td>b</td> <td>b</td> <td>som i svenskan i början och i mitten av ett ord, till exempel <i>b</i> i <b>b</b>jörn. I slutet av ett ord uttalas det som <i>p</i>.</td> <td><b>B</b>är, a<b>b</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ç</span></td> <td>ch</td> <td>Om <i>ch</i> står före eller efter en <a href="/wiki/Mjuk_vokal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mjuk vokal">mjuk vokal</a>, eller om det kommer efter en konsonant, se <a href="/wiki/Ich-Laut" class="mw-redirect" title="Ich-Laut">ich-Laut</a>.</td> <td>i<b>ch</b> [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ɪç</span>], Fur<b>ch</b>t [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">fʊrçt</span>], Frau<b>ch</b>en [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">fra͡ʊçən</span>], inte i södra Tyskland: <b>Ch</b>ina [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ˈçiːna</span>], dreißi<b>g</b> [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ˈdra͡ɪsɪç</span>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>d</td> <td>d</td> <td>som i svenskan, till exempel <i>d</i> i <b>d</b>am, men tonlöst som sista bokstav, som <i>t</i> i <i>ton</i>. <i>d</i> uttalas dock alltid i tyska</td> <td><b>D</b>ame, un<b>d</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>d͡z</td> <td>s</td> <td>bakom <i><b>l</b></i> och <i><b>n</b></i></td> <td>El<b>s</b>a [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">'ɛld͡za</span>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>f</td> <td>f, (v)</td> <td>som i svenskan, till exempel <i>f</i> i <b>f</b>ör. I en grabbnäve ord uttalas <i>v</i> som <i>f</i>, till exempel Vogel (fågel), <i>Vater</i> (fader), <i>Vogt</i> (fogde), <i>vier</i> (fyra), ord med <i>ver-</i> och i slutet av ett ord.</td> <td><b>f</b>ür, <b>V</b>ogel, bra<b>v</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ɡ</span></td> <td>g</td> <td>alltid som <i>g</i> i <b>g</b>åva, aldrig som <i>g</i> i <b>g</b>e. Som <a href="/wiki/Utljud" title="Utljud">utljud</a> (i till exempel <i>Weg</i>) uttalas <i>g</i> som <i>k</i></td> <td><b>G</b>abe, <b>g</b>eben, We<b>g</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>h</td> <td>h</td> <td>som i svenskan, till exempel <i>h</i> i <b>h</b>us</td> <td><b>H</b>aus. <p>Inuti ord är <i>h</i> stumt. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>j</td> <td>j</td> <td>som i svenskan, till exempel <i>j</i> i <b>j</b>a</td> <td><b>j</b>a </td></tr> <tr> <td>k</td> <td>k</td> <td>alltid som <i>k</i> i <b>k</b>anal, aldrig som <i>k</i> i <b>k</b>öpa</td> <td><b>K</b>anal, <b>k</b>aufen </td></tr> <tr> <td>l</td> <td>l</td> <td>som i svenskan, till exempel <i>l</i> i <b>l</b>ust</td> <td><b>L</b>ust </td></tr> <tr> <td>m</td> <td>m</td> <td>som i svenskan, till exempel <i>m</i> i <b>m</b>or</td> <td><b>M</b>utter </td></tr> <tr> <td>n</td> <td>n</td> <td>som i svenskan, till exempel <i>n</i> i <b>n</b>oll</td> <td><b>n</b>ull </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ŋ</span></td> <td>ng</td> <td>som <i>ng</i> i stå<b>ng</b></td> <td>la<b>ng</b> [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">laŋ</span>], si<b>ng</b>en [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ˈzɪŋən</span>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>p</td> <td>p</td> <td>som i svenskan, till exempel <i>p</i> i <b>p</b>anna.</td> <td><b>P</b>ate </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">p͡f</span></td> <td>pf</td> <td>kombination <i>pf</i> i tyskan är en <a href="/wiki/Affrikata" title="Affrikata">affrikata</a>. Den uttalas verkligen som ett <i>p</i> som efterföljs av ett <i>f</i>.</td> <td><b>Pf</b>affe [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ˈp͡fafə</span>], A<b>pf</b>el [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ˈap͡fəl</span>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">r ʀ ʁ</span></td> <td>r</td> <td>tyskan har i den största delen av sitt utbredningsområde tungrots-r, så som i svenskans sydligaste dialekter. I slutet av ett ord blir det något försvagat och dras mot det vokaliska a-ljudet. Ordet "wir" uttalas mer eller mindre "via" och ordet "mehr" som "mea" (<i>vocalized r</i>). <br /> I Österrike och Schweiz är det däremot vanligt att man har tungspets-r.</td> <td><b>r</b>ot [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">roːt, ʀoːt, ʁoːt</span>], sta<b>rr</b>e [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ˈʃtarə, ˈʃtaʀə, ˈʃtaʁe</span>], med vokalisering: seh<b>r</b> [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">zeːɐ̯</span>], bess<b>er</b> [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ˈbɛsɐ</span>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>s</td> <td>s, ss, ß</td> <td>antingen tonlöst som i svenskan, till exempel <i>s</i> i <b>s</b>e, eller tonande framför vokal, mellan vokaler eller framför en tonande konsonant. Motsvarighet till tonande <i>s</i> saknas i svenskan. Dubbel-s skrivs efter en lång vokal <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%9F" title="ß">ß</a></i>, efter en kort vokal <i>ss</i>. Se också kombinationer <i>sch</i>, <i>sp</i> och <i>st</i> nedan</td> <td><b>s</b>ehen, Stra<b>ß</b>e, Spa<b>ß</b>, Fa<b>ss</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ʃ</span></td> <td>sch</td> <td>som i svenskan, till exempel <b>sch</b> i <b>sch</b>lager</td> <td><b>Sch</b>ule [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ˈʃuːlə</span>], <b>S</b>tier [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ʃtiːr</span>], <b>S</b>pur [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ʃpuːr</span>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>t</td> <td>t</td> <td>som i svenskan, till exempel <i>t</i> i <b>t</b>ron</td> <td><b>T</b>ag </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">t͡s</span></td> <td>z, tz</td> <td><i>z</i> eller <i>tz</i> är en <a href="/wiki/Affrikata" title="Affrikata">affrikata</a>. Ett mycket hårt ljud, mer pressat än <i>ts</i> i <b>ts</b>ar. Det finns ingen riktig motsvarighet i svenskan.</td> <td><b>Z</b>aun [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">t͡sa͡ʊn</span>], Ka<b>tz</b>e [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ˈkat͡sə</span>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">t͡ʃ</span></td> <td>tsch</td> <td><i>tsch</i> är en <a href="/wiki/Affrikata" title="Affrikata">affrikata</a>. Den uttalas som i engelskan <i>ch</i> i '<i>ch</i>ild.</td> <td>deu<b>tsch</b> [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">dɔ͡ʏt͡ʃ</span>], Ku<b>tsch</b>e [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ˈkʊt͡ʃə</span>] </td></tr> <tr> <td>v</td> <td>w</td> <td><i>w</i> uttalas alltid som <i>v</i> i <b>v</b>atten.</td> <td><b>W</b>asser </td></tr> <tr> <td>w</td> <td>v</td> <td>som svenska <i>v</i>atten</td> <td>Kur<b>v</b>e, <b>V</b>ase </td></tr> <tr> <td>x</td> <td>ch</td> <td>Om <i>ch</i> står efter en <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5rd_vokal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hård vokal">hård vokal</a> eller diftongen <i>au</i> se <a href="/wiki/Ach-Laut" class="mw-redirect" title="Ach-Laut">ach-Laut</a>. Det finns inga motsvarigheter i svenskan.</td> <td>la<b>ch</b>en [<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ˈlaxən</span>] </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Övriga bokstäver</b> </p> <table class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#FFDEAD">grafem </th> <th bgcolor="#FFDEAD">fon <br /> (IPA) </th> <th bgcolor="#FFDEAD">beskrivning </th> <th bgcolor="#FFDEAD">exempel på tyskt ord </th></tr> <tr> <td>c</td> <td>k, <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">t͡s</span></td> <td>Om c efterföljs av <i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i> eller en konsonant, uttalas det som <i>k</i> i <b>K</b>alle. Om c efterföljs av <i>e</i>, <i>i</i> eller <i>ä</i>, uttalas det som <i>ts</i> i <b>ts</b>ar</td> <td><b>C</b>oburg, <b>C</b>i<b>c</b>ero, <b>C</b>laudia </td></tr> <tr> <td>x</td> <td>ks</td> <td>som i svenskan, till exempel <i>x</i> i <b>x</b>ylofon</td> <td><b>X</b>ylophon, Ma<b>x</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>y</td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">y(ː)</span>, <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">i(ː)</span></td> <td><i>y</i> kan uttalas antingen som tyskans <i>i</i> eller som tyskans <i>ü</i>. I ordet <i>Hand</i><b>y</b> måste det dock uttalas som <i>i</i></td> <td>Hand<b>y</b>, S<b>y</b>lvia </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Särskilda bokstavskombinationer</b> </p> <table class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#FFDEAD">grafem </th> <th bgcolor="#FFDEAD">fon <br /> (IPA) </th> <th bgcolor="#FFDEAD">beskrivning </th> <th bgcolor="#FFDEAD">exempel på tyskt </th></tr> <tr> <td>ck</td> <td>k</td> <td>som i svenskan, till exempel <i>ck</i> i Na<b>ck</b>a</td> <td>E<b>ck</b>e </td></tr> <tr> <td>ph</td> <td>f</td> <td>som ett <i>f</i> i svenskan, till exempel <i>f</i> i <b>f</b>iloso<b>f</b>i</td> <td><b>Ph</b>iloso<b>ph</b>ie </td></tr> <tr> <td>qu</td> <td>kv</td> <td><i>q</i> efterföljs i tyskan alltid av ett <i>u</i>. <i>qu</i> uttalas som <i>kv</i> i <b>kv</b>ittera</td> <td><b>qu</b>ittieren </td></tr> <tr> <td>sp</td> <td>sp, ʃp</td> <td>I början av ord (eller sammansättningsled) uttalas det schp, i övriga fall som i svenskan.</td> <td>We<b>sp</b>e, <b>Sp</b>iel </td></tr> <tr> <td>st</td> <td>st, ʃp</td> <td>I början av ord (eller sammansättningsled) uttalas det scht, i övriga fall som i svenskan.</td> <td>dü<b>st</b>ern, Ver<b>st</b>and, <b>St</b>ein </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Källa:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stavning_och_skrivregler">Stavning och skrivregler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Redigera avsnitt: Stavning och skrivregler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=23" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Stavning och skrivregler"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tyska skrivs med det <a href="/wiki/Latinska_alfabetet" title="Latinska alfabetet">latinska alfabetet</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> med tilläggstecknen <i>ä</i>, <i>ö</i>, <i>ü</i> och <i>ß</i>. Dessa räknas som <i>ae</i>, <i>oe</i>, <i>ue</i> respektive <i>ss</i> i bokstavsordningen. Stavningen är relativt oregelbunden, bland annat till följd av starkt folkligt motstånd mot stavningsreformer. Bland annat 1996 års stavningsreform gav upphov till ett stort motstånd, främst på grund av ekonomiska skäl och att folk ansåg att det skulle bli förvirrande med ny stavning<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varianter_och_dialektuppdelning">Varianter och dialektuppdelning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Redigera avsnitt: Varianter och dialektuppdelning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=24" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Varianter och dialektuppdelning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det tyska standardspråket har inte någon strikt regional anknytning, liknande <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> för <a href="/wiki/Franska" title="Franska">franskan</a>. Standardspråket (den "dialektfria" tyskan, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gtyska" title="Högtyska">högtyskan</a>) kommer i stället från en utjämning av ett antal olika stavningsvarianter från 1500-, 1600- och 1700-talen. Normen för uttalet brukar regionalt bestämmas till <a href="/wiki/Hannover" title="Hannover">Hannover</a>, men detta är omstritt. De flesta med tyska som modersmål kan obehindrat prata standardspråket och gör så ofta i formella sammanhang, medan man bland vänner och familj antingen pratar standardtyska eller en regional dialekt, beroende på vilket som är ens modersmål. Speciellt i södra delen av det tyska språkområdet (södra Tyskland, Schweiz, Österrike) skiljer sig dialekterna avsevärt från standardspråket och en stor del av befolkningen (inklusive alla i det tysktalande Schweiz) talar dialekt som modersmål. </p><p><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5gtyska" title="Lågtyska">Lågtyska</a> eller <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5gtyska" title="Lågtyska">plattyska</a> brukar, på grund av <a href="/wiki/Historia" title="Historia">historia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A4kt" title="Släkt">släktskap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ordf%C3%B6rr%C3%A5d" title="Ordförråd">ordförråd</a> och <a href="/wiki/Uttal" title="Uttal">uttal</a>, bland lingvister räknas till en annan undergrupp till västgermanska språk, tillsammans med <a href="/wiki/Nederl%C3%A4ndska" title="Nederländska">nederländska</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch">jiddisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5gtyska" title="Lågtyska">lågtyska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweizertyska" title="Schweizertyska">schweizertyska</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utbredning">Utbredning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Redigera avsnitt: Utbredning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=25" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Utbredning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Länder_där_tyska_är_huvudspråket"><span id="L.C3.A4nder_d.C3.A4r_tyska_.C3.A4r_huvudspr.C3.A5ket"></span>Länder där tyska är huvudspråket</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Redigera avsnitt: Länder där tyska är huvudspråket" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=26" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Länder där tyska är huvudspråket"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:West_Germanic_dialect_continuum_in_1900_(according_to_Wiesinger,_Heeringa_%26_K%C3%B6nig).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/West_Germanic_dialect_continuum_in_1900_%28according_to_Wiesinger%2C_Heeringa_%26_K%C3%B6nig%29.png/400px-West_Germanic_dialect_continuum_in_1900_%28according_to_Wiesinger%2C_Heeringa_%26_K%C3%B6nig%29.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/West_Germanic_dialect_continuum_in_1900_%28according_to_Wiesinger%2C_Heeringa_%26_K%C3%B6nig%29.png/600px-West_Germanic_dialect_continuum_in_1900_%28according_to_Wiesinger%2C_Heeringa_%26_K%C3%B6nig%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/West_Germanic_dialect_continuum_in_1900_%28according_to_Wiesinger%2C_Heeringa_%26_K%C3%B6nig%29.png/800px-West_Germanic_dialect_continuum_in_1900_%28according_to_Wiesinger%2C_Heeringa_%26_K%C3%B6nig%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3748" data-file-height="3044" /></a><figcaption>De västgermanska dialekternas utbredning i <a href="/wiki/Centraleuropa" title="Centraleuropa">Centraleuropa</a>, <a href="/wiki/31_december" title="31 december">31 december</a> <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hochdeutscher_Sprachraum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hochdeutscher_Sprachraum.png/300px-Hochdeutscher_Sprachraum.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hochdeutscher_Sprachraum.png/450px-Hochdeutscher_Sprachraum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hochdeutscher_Sprachraum.png/600px-Hochdeutscher_Sprachraum.png 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="651" /></a><figcaption>De tyska dialekternas utbredning i Centraleuropa, idag</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a> (75 300 000<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> (29 000<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterrike" title="Österrike">Österrike</a> (7 500 000<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweiz" title="Schweiz">Schweiz</a> (tillsammans med <a href="/wiki/Franska" title="Franska">franska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italienska" title="Italienska">italienska</a> och <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4toromanska" title="Rätoromanska">rätoromanska</a>; 4 640 000<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Andra_länder_där_tyska_är_ett_officiellt_språk"><span id="Andra_l.C3.A4nder_d.C3.A4r_tyska_.C3.A4r_ett_officiellt_spr.C3.A5k"></span>Andra länder där tyska är ett officiellt språk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Redigera avsnitt: Andra länder där tyska är ett officiellt språk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=27" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Andra länder där tyska är ett officiellt språk"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(officiellt språk betyder att lagarna publiceras på tyska, invånare har rätt att kommunicera med myndigheterna på tyska, samt att ort- och gatunamn är på tyska) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italien" title="Italien">Italien</a> (regionalt i <a href="/wiki/Sydtyrolen" title="Sydtyrolen">Sydtyrolen</a>, tillsammans med <a href="/wiki/Italienska" title="Italienska">italienska</a>; 225 000<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgien" title="Belgien">Belgien</a> (tillsammans med <a href="/wiki/Franska" title="Franska">franska</a> och <a href="/wiki/Nederl%C3%A4ndska" title="Nederländska">nederländska</a>; 150 000<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a> (tillsammans med <a href="/wiki/Franska" title="Franska">franska</a> och <a href="/wiki/Luxemburgiska" title="Luxemburgiska">luxemburgiska</a>; 10 900<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a> (i <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8nderjylland" title="Sønderjylland">Sønderjylland</a> som officiellt minoritetsspråk<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; 25 900<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men inte officiellt i hela Danmark.)</li></ul> <p>I den gamla tyska kolonin <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> var tyska mellan <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a> och <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a> tillsammans med <a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a> och <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">afrikaans</a> ett officiellt språk; det är dock fortfarande ett officiellt språk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Andra_länder_med_tyskspråkiga_områden_eller_tyskspråkiga_minoriteter"><span id="Andra_l.C3.A4nder_med_tyskspr.C3.A5kiga_omr.C3.A5den_eller_tyskspr.C3.A5kiga_minoriteter"></span>Andra länder med tyskspråkiga områden eller tyskspråkiga minoriteter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Redigera avsnitt: Andra länder med tyskspråkiga områden eller tyskspråkiga minoriteter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=28" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Andra länder med tyskspråkiga områden eller tyskspråkiga minoriteter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australien" title="Australien">Australien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasilien" title="Brasilien">Brasilien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan">Kazakstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettland" title="Lettland">Lettland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen">Litauen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexiko" title="Mexiko">Mexiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavien" title="Moldavien">Moldavien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> (se vidare <a href="/wiki/Tyska_spr%C3%A5ket_i_Namibia" title="Tyska språket i Namibia">Tyska språket i Namibia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederl%C3%A4nderna" title="Nederländerna">Nederländerna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pommern" title="Pommern">Pommern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ostpreussen" title="Ostpreussen">Ostpreussen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum%C3%A4nien" title="Rumänien">Rumänien</a> (<a href="/wiki/Transsylvanien" title="Transsylvanien">Transsylvanien</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland">Ryssland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjeckien" title="Tjeckien">Tjeckien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakien" title="Slovakien">Slovakien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungern" title="Ungern">Ungern</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Länder_med_stora_tyska_immigrantgrupper"><span id="L.C3.A4nder_med_stora_tyska_immigrantgrupper"></span>Länder med stora tyska immigrantgrupper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Redigera avsnitt: Länder med stora tyska immigrantgrupper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=29" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Länder med stora tyska immigrantgrupper"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasilien" title="Brasilien">Brasilien</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tyska_som_främmande_språk"><span id="Tyska_som_fr.C3.A4mmande_spr.C3.A5k"></span>Tyska som främmande språk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Redigera avsnitt: Tyska som främmande språk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=30" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Tyska som främmande språk"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Knowledge_of_German_EU_map_(2010).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Knowledge_of_German_EU_map_%282010%29.svg/300px-Knowledge_of_German_EU_map_%282010%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Knowledge_of_German_EU_map_%282010%29.svg/450px-Knowledge_of_German_EU_map_%282010%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Knowledge_of_German_EU_map_%282010%29.svg/600px-Knowledge_of_German_EU_map_%282010%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="603" /></a><figcaption>Tyskkunskaperna i Europeiska unionen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tyska (<i>standardtyska</i> eller <i>Hochdeutsch</i>) studeras i många länder som <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A4mmande_spr%C3%A5k" title="Främmande språk">främmande språk</a>, främst i <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>. Majoriteten av studerande finns i <a href="/wiki/Nederl%C3%A4nderna" title="Nederländerna">Nederländerna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skandinavien" title="Skandinavien">Skandinavien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltikum" title="Baltikum">Baltikum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenien" title="Slovenien">Slovenien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kroatien" title="Kroatien">Kroatien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnien_och_Hercegovina" title="Bosnien och Hercegovina">Bosnien och Hercegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schweiz" title="Schweiz">Schweiz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbien" title="Serbien">Serbien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ungern" title="Ungern">Ungern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> och <a href="/wiki/Nordmakedonien" title="Nordmakedonien">Nordmakedonien</a>. Tyska är i många av dessa länder det första främmande språket i skolan. Även i före detta <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a> studeras mycket tyska. I länder som <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a> och <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a> är många andra språk mer populära. Tyskt inflytande i <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> under <a href="/wiki/1800-talet" title="1800-talet">1800-</a> och <a href="/wiki/1900-talet" title="1900-talet">1900-talet</a> ledde till att tyska var det språk som användes i stället för latin inom den medicinska utbildningen, och tyska har också använts mycket inom den japanska rättsvetenskapen, eftersom stora delar av den japanska juridiken kopierades från tyska förebilder i slutet av 1800- och början av 1900-talet. I Sverige var tyska det första främmande språket i läroverken fram till det ersattes av <a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a> genom ett regeringsbeslut den <a href="/wiki/10_mars" title="10 mars">10 mars</a> <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> vilket var genomfört i hela Sverige den <a href="/wiki/26_augusti" title="26 augusti">26 augusti</a> <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det blev med införandet av <a href="/wiki/Enhetsskola" title="Enhetsskola">enhetsskola</a> (sedermera <a href="/wiki/Grundskola" title="Grundskola">grundskola</a>) <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a> frivilligt ämne från årskurs 7. Vissa skolor börjar efter 1994 redan i årskurs sex. </p><p>Det universitetsämne som ägnas åt vetenskapliga studier av det tyska språket och den tyska litteraturen (samt i icke-tysktalande länder även språkfärdighet) kallas internationellt för <a href="/wiki/Germanistik" title="Germanistik">germanistik</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internets_barndom">Internets barndom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Redigera avsnitt: Internets barndom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=31" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Internets barndom"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Enligt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Global_Reach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Global Reach [inte skriven än]">Global Reach</a> (2004) var 6,9 procent av internetanvändarna tyskspråkiga.<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Reach_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_Reach-24"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NVTC_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NVTC-25"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enligt Netz-tipp (2002) var 7,7 procent av webbsidorna skrivna på tyska,<sup id="cite_ref-netz_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-netz-26"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> vilket gjorde det till det näst största i den europeiska språkgruppen. De rapporterade även att 12 procent av Googles användare använde dess tyska gränssnitt.<sup id="cite_ref-netz_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-netz-26"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Enligt både FUNREDES<sup id="cite_ref-funredes_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-funredes-27"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1998) och <a href="/wiki/Vilaweb" title="Vilaweb">Vilaweb</a><sup id="cite_ref-Vilaweb_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vilaweb-28"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2000) var tyska det tredje populäraste språket använt av webbsidor, efter engelska och japanska. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=32" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_falska_v%C3%A4nner/Tyska" class="mw-redirect" title="Lista över falska vänner/Tyska">Lista över falska vänner/Tyska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_mest_talade_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Lista över mest talade språk">Lista över mest talade språk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deitsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Deitsch">Deitsch</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pennsylvaniatyska" title="Pennsylvaniatyska">Pennsylvaniatyska</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=33" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Redigera avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=34" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Litteratur"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kühn, Ingrid; Lehker, Marianne, Deutsch in Europa : Muttersprache und Fremdsprache, Frankfurt am Main 2002</li> <li>Rydén, Kerstin; Wengse, Ingemar; Wistam, Anne-Louise, Modern tysk grammatik, Almqvist & Wiksell, Uppsala 2000</li> <li>Schunk, Gunther, Studienbuch zur Einführung in die deutsche Sprachwissenschaft : vom Laut zum Wort, Gunther Schunk, Würzburg 2002</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=35" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFEuropean_Commission2012">European Commission (2012). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106183351/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_en.pdf">Special Eurobarometer 386 – EUROPEANS AND THEIR LANGUAGES</a></i>. europa.eu. sid. 5 (7)<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106183351/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_en.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20160106183351/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_en.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 augusti 2021</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Special+Eurobarometer+386+%E2%80%93+EUROPEANS+AND+THEIR+LANGUAGES&rft.aulast=European+Commission&rft.au=European+Commission&rft.date=2012&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B5+%287%29&rft.pub=europa.eu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20160106183351%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fpublic_opinion%2Farchives%2Febs%2Febs_386_en.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goethe.de/ins/se/prj/ilt/var/dar/svindex.htm">”Ich liebe tyska - Varför Tyska - Därför tyska - Goethe-Institut”</a>. <i><span>www.goethe.de</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.goethe.de/ins/se/prj/ilt/var/dar/svindex.htm">http://www.goethe.de/ins/se/prj/ilt/var/dar/svindex.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 3 juli 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Ich+liebe+tyska+-+Varf%C3%B6r+Tyska+-+D%C3%A4rf%C3%B6r+tyska+-+Goethe-Institut&rft.atitle=www.goethe.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goethe.de%2Fins%2Fse%2Fprj%2Filt%2Fvar%2Fdar%2Fsvindex.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutschland.de/en/topic/culture/the-german-language-surprising-facts-and-figures">”We speak German”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>deutschland.de</span></i>. 20 februari 2018<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.deutschland.de/en/topic/culture/the-german-language-surprising-facts-and-figures">https://www.deutschland.de/en/topic/culture/the-german-language-surprising-facts-and-figures</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 3 juli 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=We+speak+German&rft.atitle=deutschland.de&rft.date=20+februari+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutschland.de%2Fen%2Ftopic%2Fculture%2Fthe-german-language-surprising-facts-and-figures&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/european_languages/languages/german.shtml">”BBC - Languages”</a>. <i><span>www.bbc.co.uk</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/european_languages/languages/german.shtml">http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/european_languages/languages/german.shtml</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 3 juli 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=BBC+-+Languages&rft.atitle=www.bbc.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Flanguages%2Feuropean_languages%2Flanguages%2Fgerman.shtml&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFGhosh">Ghosh, Iman (15 februari 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visualcapitalist.com/100-most-spoken-languages/">”Ranked: The 100 Most Spoken Languages Around the World”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Visual Capitalist</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.visualcapitalist.com/100-most-spoken-languages/">https://www.visualcapitalist.com/100-most-spoken-languages/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 5 september 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Ranked%3A+The+100+Most+Spoken+Languages+Around+the+World&rft.atitle=Visual+Capitalist&rft.aulast=Ghosh&rft.aufirst=Iman&rft.au=Ghosh%2C+Iman&rft.date=15+februari+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visualcapitalist.com%2F100-most-spoken-languages%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Om högtyska konsonant-förändringar se <a href="/wiki/Fausto_Cercignani" title="Fausto Cercignani">Fausto Cercignani</a>, <i>The Consonants of German: Synchrony and Diachrony</i>, Milano, 1979.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFHellquist1922">Hellquist, Elof (22 november 1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/svetym/1130.html">”Tysk”</a>. <i><span>Svensk etymologisk ordbok</span></i>. sid. 1042<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://runeberg.org/svetym/1130.html">https://runeberg.org/svetym/1130.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 5 september 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Tysk&rft.atitle=Svensk+etymologisk+ordbok&rft.aulast=Hellquist&rft.aufirst=Elof&rft.au=Hellquist%2C+Elof&rft.date=22+november+1922&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B1042&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Fsvetym%2F1130.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/tyska">”tyska”</a>. <i><span>ne.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/tyska">https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/tyska</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 21 januari 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=tyska&rft.atitle=ne.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Fencyklopedi%2Fl%25C3%25A5ng%2Ftyska&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zm3m47h/articles/zkkbhbk">”Word order in German”</a> (på brittisk engelska). <i><span>BBC Bitesize</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zm3m47h/articles/zkkbhbk">https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zm3m47h/articles/zkkbhbk</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 6 september 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Word+order+in+German&rft.atitle=BBC+Bitesize&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fbitesize%2Ftopics%2Fzm3m47h%2Farticles%2Fzkkbhbk&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-10">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omniglot.com/writing/german.htm">”German language, alphabets and pronunciation”</a> (på engelska). omniglot.com. 2021<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://omniglot.com/writing/german.htm">https://omniglot.com/writing/german.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 6 september 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=German+language%2C+alphabets+and+pronunciation&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2021&rft.pub=omniglot.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fomniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Fgerman.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=wrSys_detail&key=de-Latn">”ScriptSource - Standard German written with Latin script”</a>. <i><span>scriptsource.org</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=wrSys_detail&key=de-Latn">https://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=wrSys_detail&key=de-Latn</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 5 september 2021</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=ScriptSource+-+Standard+German+written+with+Latin+script&rft.atitle=scriptsource.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscriptsource.org%2Fcms%2Fscripts%2Fpage.php%3Fitem_id%3DwrSys_detail%26key%3Dde-Latn&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-8946478.html">”Rechtschreibung: Kuss und Känguru”</a>. <i>Spiegel Online</i> "28". 8 juli 1996<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-8946478.html">https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-8946478.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 3 juli 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rechtschreibung%3A+Kuss+und+K%C3%A4nguru&rft.jtitle=Spiegel+Online&rft.date=8+juli+1996&rft.volume=%2228%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fspiegel%2Fprint%2Fd-8946478.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=DE">”Languages of Germany”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Ethnologue</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=DE">http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=DE</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 6 augusti 2009</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Languages+of+Germany&rft.atitle=Ethnologue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_country.asp%3Fname%3DDE&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=LI">”Languages of Liechtenstein”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Ethnologue</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=LI">http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=LI</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 6 augusti 2009</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Languages+of+Liechtenstein&rft.atitle=Ethnologue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_country.asp%3Fname%3DLI&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=AT">”Languages of Austria”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Ethnologue</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=AT">http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=AT</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 6 augusti 2009</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Languages+of+Austria&rft.atitle=Ethnologue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_country.asp%3Fname%3DAT&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=CH">”Languages of Switzerland”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Ethnologue</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=CH">http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=CH</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 6 augusti 2009</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Languages+of+Switzerland&rft.atitle=Ethnologue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_country.asp%3Fname%3DCH&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=IT">”Languages of Italy”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Ethnologue</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=IT">http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=IT</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 6 augusti 2009</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Languages+of+Italy&rft.atitle=Ethnologue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_country.asp%3Fname%3DIT&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=BE">”Languages of Belgium”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Ethnologue</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=BE">http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=BE</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 6 augusti 2009</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Languages+of+Belgium&rft.atitle=Ethnologue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_country.asp%3Fname%3DBE&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=LU">”Languages of Luxembourg”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Ethnologue</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=LU">http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=LU</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 6 augusti 2009</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Languages+of+Luxembourg&rft.atitle=Ethnologue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_country.asp%3Fname%3DLU&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131112194807/http://www.uvm.dk/Om-os/Ministeriets-internationale-arbejde/Europa-og-uddannelse/Europaraadet/~/media/UVM/Filer/Om%20os/PDF11/111031_dks_tredje_rap.ashx">”Danmarks tredje rapport i henhold til den europæiske pagt om regionale sprog eller mindretalssprog, april 2010”</a>. Indenrigs- og Sundhedsministeriet, Danmark. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uvm.dk/Om-os/Ministeriets-internationale-arbejde/Europa-og-uddannelse/Europaraadet/~/media/UVM/Filer/Om%20os/PDF11/111031_dks_tredje_rap.ashx">originalet</a> den 12 november 2013<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131112194807/http://www.uvm.dk/Om-os/Ministeriets-internationale-arbejde/Europa-og-uddannelse/Europaraadet/~/media/UVM/Filer/Om%20os/PDF11/111031_dks_tredje_rap.ashx">https://web.archive.org/web/20131112194807/http://www.uvm.dk/Om-os/Ministeriets-internationale-arbejde/Europa-og-uddannelse/Europaraadet/~/media/UVM/Filer/Om%20os/PDF11/111031_dks_tredje_rap.ashx</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 augusti 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Danmarks+tredje+rapport+i+henhold+til+den+europ%C3%A6iske+pagt+om+regionale+sprog+eller+mindretalssprog%2C+april+2010&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Indenrigs-+og+Sundhedsministeriet%2C+Danmark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20131112194807%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.uvm.dk%2FOm-os%2FMinisteriets-internationale-arbejde%2FEuropa-og-uddannelse%2FEuroparaadet%2F%7E%2Fmedia%2FUVM%2FFiler%2FOm%2520os%2FPDF11%2F111031_dks_tredje_rap.ashx&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=DK">”Languages of Denmark”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Ethnologue</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=DK">http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=DK</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 6 augusti 2009</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Languages+of+Denmark&rft.atitle=Ethnologue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_country.asp%3Fname%3DDK&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tyska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hundra_%C3%A5r_i_Sverige" title="Hundra år i Sverige">Hundra år i Sverige</a> - 1939, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Dahlberg" title="Hans Dahlberg">Hans Dahlberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Bonniers_F%C3%B6rlag" title="Albert Bonniers Förlag">Albert Bonniers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litteratur%C3%A5ret_1999" title="Litteraturåret 1999">1999</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sverige_1900-talet" title="Sverige 1900-talet">Sverige 1900-talet</a> – Sverige mellan tyskt och amerikanskt, <a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bokf%C3%B6rlaget_Bra_B%C3%B6cker" class="mw-redirect" title="Bokförlaget Bra Böcker">Bra Böcker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litteratur%C3%A5ret_2000" title="Litteraturåret 2000">2000</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Global_Reach-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Global_Reach_24-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global-reach.biz/globstats/index.php3">Global Statistics</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080529052722/http://global-reach.biz/globstats/index.php3">Arkiverad</a> 29 maj 2008 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global-reach.biz./">Global Reach</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NVTC-25"><a href="#cite_ref-NVTC_25-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nvtc.gov/lotw/months/november/internetLanguages.htm">Internet Languages</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090117213641/http://www.nvtc.gov/lotw/months/november/internetLanguages.htm">Arkiverad</a> 17 januari 2009 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nvtc.gov/">NVTC</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-netz-26">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-netz_26-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-netz_26-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netz-tipp.de/languages.html">"Distribution of languages on the Internet"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-funredes-27"><a href="#cite_ref-funredes_27-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://funredes.org/lc2005/english/L3.html">Funredes</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vilaweb-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Vilaweb_28-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clickz.com/stats/sectors/demographics/article.php/408521">Vilaweb</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060402022239/http://www.clickz.com/stats/sectors/demographics/article.php/408521">Arkiverad</a> 2 april 2006 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>..</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyska&action=edit&section=36" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="floatright metadata"> <table style="font-size: 90%; width: 22em; padding: 0; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #aaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; color: black; margin: .5em 0 .5em 1em; border-spacing: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 40px; vertical-align: middle; padding: 0.5em;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia"><img alt="Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/50px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/75px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/100px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a><figcaption>Wikipedia</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> har en <i><b><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="de:">upplaga på <span style="text-transform: lowercase;">Tyska</span></a></b></i>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/15px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/23px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/30px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="https://sv.wikibooks.org/wiki/Tyska" class="extiw" title="b:Tyska">Tyska</a> på Wikibooks.<div class="interProject wikibooks" style="display:none;"><a href="https://sv.wikibooks.org/wiki/Tyska" class="extiw" title="b:Tyska">Böcker</a></div></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Europeiska_unionens_officiella_spr%C3%A5k" title="Mall:Europeiska unionens officiella språk"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Europeiska_unionens_officiella_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Europeiska_unionens_officiella_spr%C3%A5k" title="Europeiska unionens officiella språk">Europeiska unionens officiella språk</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bulgariska" title="Bulgariska">Bulgariska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Danska" title="Danska">Danska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">Engelska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Estniska" title="Estniska">Estniska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Finska" title="Finska">Finska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Franska" title="Franska">Franska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Grekiska" title="Grekiska">Grekiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Iriska" title="Iriska">Iriska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Italienska" title="Italienska">Italienska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kroatiska" title="Kroatiska">Kroatiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Lettiska" title="Lettiska">Lettiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Litauiska" title="Litauiska">Litauiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Maltesiska" title="Maltesiska">Maltesiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nederl%C3%A4ndska" title="Nederländska">Nederländska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Polska" title="Polska">Polska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Portugisiska" title="Portugisiska">Portugisiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rum%C3%A4nska" title="Rumänska">Rumänska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Slovakiska" title="Slovakiska">Slovakiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Slovenska" title="Slovenska">Slovenska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Spanska" title="Spanska">Spanska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Svenska" title="Svenska">Svenska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tjeckiska" title="Tjeckiska">Tjeckiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tyska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ungerska" title="Ungerska">Ungerska</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist auktoritetsdata navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritetsdata" title="Auktoritetsdata">Auktoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> • <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85054365">sh85054365</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4113292-0">4113292-0</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/027789829">027789829</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119756721">cb119756721</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119756721">(data)</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Schweiz_historielexikon" title="Schweiz historielexikon">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F011194.php">011194</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Nationella_parlamentsbiblioteket" title="Nationella parlamentsbiblioteket">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561611">00561611</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Tjeckiska_nationalbiblioteket" title="Tjeckiska nationalbiblioteket">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph115512&CON_LNG=ENG">ph115512</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tyska&oldid=56034780">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tyska&oldid=56034780</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tyska" title="Kategori:Tyska">Tyska</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Belgien" title="Kategori:Språk i Belgien">Språk i Belgien</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Schweiz" title="Kategori:Språk i Schweiz">Språk i Schweiz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Tyskland" title="Kategori:Språk i Tyskland">Språk i Tyskland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_%C3%96sterrike" title="Kategori:Språk i Österrike">Språk i Österrike</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Tjeckien" title="Kategori:Språk i Tjeckien">Språk i Tjeckien</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Slovakien" title="Kategori:Språk i Slovakien">Språk i Slovakien</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Chile" title="Kategori:Språk i Chile">Språk i Chile</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Estland" title="Kategori:Språk i Estland">Språk i Estland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Ukraina" title="Kategori:Språk i Ukraina">Språk i Ukraina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Kazakstan" title="Kategori:Språk i Kazakstan">Språk i Kazakstan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Argentina" title="Kategori:Språk i Argentina">Språk i Argentina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Brasilien" title="Kategori:Språk i Brasilien">Språk i Brasilien</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Ryssland" title="Kategori:Språk i Ryssland">Språk i Ryssland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Paraguay" title="Kategori:Språk i Paraguay">Språk i Paraguay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Lettland" title="Kategori:Språk i Lettland">Språk i Lettland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Moldavien" title="Kategori:Språk i Moldavien">Språk i Moldavien</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Nederl%C3%A4nderna" title="Kategori:Språk i Nederländerna">Språk i Nederländerna</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Danmark" title="Kategori:Språk i Danmark">Språk i Danmark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Italien" title="Kategori:Språk i Italien">Språk i Italien</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:V2-spr%C3%A5k" title="Kategori:V2-språk">V2-språk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Subjekt%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93objekt-spr%C3%A5k" title="Kategori:Subjekt–verb–objekt-språk">Subjekt–verb–objekt-språk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Subjekt%E2%80%93objekt%E2%80%93verb-spr%C3%A5k" title="Kategori:Subjekt–objekt–verb-språk">Subjekt–objekt–verb-språk</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Dolda kategorier: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipedia:Rekommenderade_artiklar" title="Kategori:Wikipedia:Rekommenderade artiklar">Wikipedia:Rekommenderade artiklar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artiklar_med_text_p%C3%A5_tyska" title="Kategori:Artiklar med text på tyska">Artiklar med text på tyska</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artiklar_som_beh%C3%B6ver_k%C3%A4llor_2016-10" title="Kategori:Artiklar som behöver källor 2016-10">Artiklar som behöver källor 2016-10</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Alla_artiklar_m%C3%A4rkta_med_mallen_k%C3%A4llor" title="Kategori:Alla artiklar märkta med mallen källor">Alla artiklar märkta med mallen källor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Alla_artiklar_som_beh%C3%B6ver_k%C3%A4llor" title="Kategori:Alla artiklar som behöver källor">Alla artiklar som behöver källor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar_med_identifierare_fr%C3%A5n_LCCN" title="Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från LCCN">Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar_med_identifierare_fr%C3%A5n_GND" title="Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från GND">Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar_med_identifierare_fr%C3%A5n_BNF" title="Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från BNF">Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipedia:Basartiklar" title="Kategori:Wikipedia:Basartiklar">Wikipedia:Basartiklar</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 7 oktober 2024 kl. 22.00.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är 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