strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs

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(This is the safest mode to operate in, but is sometimes too strict for casual programming.) Currently, there are three possible things to be strict about: "subs", "vars", and "refs".</p> <dl> <dt id="strict-refs"><a class="permalink" href="#strict-refs">#</a><a id="strict"></a><code>strict refs</code></dt> <dd> <p>This generates a runtime error if you use symbolic references (see <a href="/5.12.0/perlref">perlref</a>).</p> <pre><code>use strict 'refs'; $ref = \$foo; print $$ref; # ok $ref = "foo"; print $$ref; # runtime error; normally ok $file = "STDOUT"; print $file "Hi!"; # error; note: no comma after $file</code></pre> <p>There is one exception to this rule:</p> <pre><code>$bar = \&{'foo'}; &$bar;</code></pre> <p>is allowed so that <code>goto &$AUTOLOAD</code> would not break under stricture.</p> </dd> <dt id="strict-vars"><a class="permalink" href="#strict-vars">#</a><a id="strict1"></a><code>strict vars</code></dt> <dd> <p>This generates a compile-time error if you access a variable that wasn't declared via <code>our</code> or <code>use vars</code>, localized via <code>my()</code>, or wasn't fully qualified. Because this is to avoid variable suicide problems and subtle dynamic scoping issues, a merely local() variable isn't good enough. See <a href="/5.12.0/perlfunc#my">"my" in perlfunc</a> and <a href="/5.12.0/perlfunc#local">"local" in perlfunc</a>.</p> <pre><code>use strict 'vars'; $X::foo = 1; # ok, fully qualified my $foo = 10; # ok, my() var local $foo = 9; # blows up package Cinna; our $bar; # Declares $bar in current package $bar = 'HgS'; # ok, global declared via pragma</code></pre> <p>The local() generated a compile-time error because you just touched a global name without fully qualifying it.</p> <p>Because of their special use by sort(), the variables $a and $b are exempted from this check.</p> </dd> <dt id="strict-subs"><a class="permalink" href="#strict-subs">#</a><a id="strict2"></a><code>strict subs</code></dt> <dd> <p>This disables the poetry optimization, generating a compile-time error if you try to use a bareword identifier that's not a subroutine, unless it is a simple identifier (no colons) and that it appears in curly braces or on the left hand side of the <code>=></code> symbol.</p> <pre><code>use strict 'subs'; $SIG{PIPE} = Plumber; # blows up $SIG{PIPE} = "Plumber"; # just fine: quoted string is always ok $SIG{PIPE} = \&Plumber; # preferred form</code></pre> </dd> </dl> <p>See <a href="/5.12.0/perlmodlib#Pragmatic-Modules">"Pragmatic Modules" in perlmodlib</a>.</p> <h1 id="HISTORY"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY">#</a>HISTORY</h1> <p><code>strict 'subs'</code>, with Perl 5.6.1, erroneously permitted to use an unquoted compound identifier (e.g. <code>Foo::Bar</code>) as a hash key (before <code>=></code> or inside curlies), but without forcing it always to a literal string.</p> <p>Starting with Perl 5.8.1 strict is strict about its restrictions: if unknown restrictions are used, the strict pragma will abort with</p> <pre><code class="plaintext">Unknown 'strict' tag(s) '...'</code></pre> <p>As of version 1.04 (Perl 5.10), strict verifies that it is used as "strict" to avoid the dreaded Strict trap on case insensitive file systems.</p> </div> <div id="footer"> <p>Perldoc Browser is maintained by Dan Book (<a href="https://metacpan.org/author/DBOOK">DBOOK</a>). 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