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href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1OturumuA%C3%A7ma&returnto=Polonya" title="Oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir; ancak bu zorunlu değildir [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Oturum aç</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Çıkış yapmış editörler için sayfalar <a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:Giri%C5%9F" aria-label="Değişiklik yapma hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinin"><span>daha fazla bilgi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Katk%C4%B1lar%C4%B1m" title="Bu IP adresinden yapılmış değişiklikler listesi [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Katkılar</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:MesajSayfam" title="Bu IP adresindeki düzenlemeler hakkında tartışma [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Mesaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="İçindekiler" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">İçindekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tarihçe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarihçe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tarihçe</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tarihçe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Tarihçe alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tarihçe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ülkenin_kuruluşu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ülkenin_kuruluşu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ülkenin kuruluşu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ülkenin_kuruluşu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bağımsızlık" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bağımsızlık"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Bağımsızlık</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bağımsızlık-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-II._Dünya_Savaşı" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#II._Dünya_Savaşı"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>II. Dünya Savaşı</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-II._Dünya_Savaşı-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1945_Sonrası" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1945_Sonrası"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>1945 Sonrası</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1945_Sonrası-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coğrafya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coğrafya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Coğrafya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coğrafya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siyaset" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siyaset"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Siyaset</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Siyaset-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Siyaset alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Siyaset-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Voyvodalıkları" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voyvodalıkları"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Voyvodalıkları</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voyvodalıkları-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ekonomi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ekonomi alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sanayi_ve_Enerji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanayi_ve_Enerji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Sanayi ve Enerji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanayi_ve_Enerji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tarım" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarım"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Tarım</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tarım-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ulaşım" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ulaşım"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Ulaşım</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ulaşım-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Demografi alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Şehirler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Şehirler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Şehirler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Şehirler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Din" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Din"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Din</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Din-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kültür" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kültür"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kültür</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kültür-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resimler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resimler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Resimler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resimler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ayrıca_bakınız" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ayrıca_bakınız"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ayrıca bakınız</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ayrıca_bakınız-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konuyla_ilgili_yayınlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konuyla_ilgili_yayınlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Konuyla ilgili yayınlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konuyla_ilgili_yayınlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dış_bağlantılar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Dış bağlantılar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Polonya</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 305 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-305" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">305 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша - Abhazca" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abhazca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia - Açece" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Polandia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Açece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%88%D1%8D" title="Полшэ - Adigece" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Полшэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adigece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole" title="Pole - Afrikaanca" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pole" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen - İsviçre Almancası" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="İsviçre Almancası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%96%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5" title="ፖላንድ - Amharca" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፖላንድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland - Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia - Aragonca" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaland" title="Polaland - Eski İngilizce" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Polaland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Eski İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polan" title="Polan - Obolo dili" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Polan" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="पोलैंड - Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पोलैंड" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="بولندا - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بولندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%98%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%95" title="ܦܘܠܢܕ - Aramice" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܘܠܢܕ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="پولونيا - Fas Arapçası" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پولونيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Fas Arapçası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="بولاندا - Mısır Arapçası" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بولاندا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Mısır Arapçası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="পোলেণ্ড - Assamca" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পোলেণ্ড" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia - Asturyasça" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturyasça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша - Avar dili" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polska" title="Polska - Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Polska" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulu%C3%B1a" title="Puluña - Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Puluña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C5%9Fa" title="Polşa - Azerbaycan dili" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Polşa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaycan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لهیستان - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لهیستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша - Başkırtça" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Başkırtça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia - Bali dili" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Polandia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poin" title="Poin - Bavyera dili" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Poin" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavyera dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%97nk%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Lėnkėjė - Samogitçe" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Lėnkėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Polonya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland - West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Польшча - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Польшча" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Польшча - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Польшча" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen - Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Полша - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Полша" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="पोलैंड - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पोलैंड" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polan" title="Polan - Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Polan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulandia" title="Pulandia - Banjar Dili" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Pulandia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ပိုလန်ခမ်းထီ - Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ပိုလန်ခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="পোল্যান্ড - Bengalce" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পোল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཕོ་ལན། - Tibetçe" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཕོ་ལན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="পোল্যান্ড - Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পোল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia - Bretonca" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljska" title="Poljska - Boşnakça" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Poljska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Boşnakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Polandia" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%84%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%92%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%89" title="ᨄᨚᨒᨊᨉ - Bugis" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨄᨚᨒᨊᨉ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Bugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE" title="Польшо - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Польшо" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B2nia" title="Polònia - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Polònia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia - Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%8F%CC%A4-l%C3%A0ng" title="Pŏ̤-làng - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Pŏ̤-làng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша - Çeçence" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Çeçence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polskowa" title="Polskowa - Sebuano dili" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Polskowa" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Sebuano dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaki" title="Polaki - Çamorro dili" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Polaki" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Çamorro dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%89%E1%8E%B3%E1%8F%82" title="ᏉᎳᏂ - Çerokice" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏉᎳᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Çerokice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland - Şayence" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Şayence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%DA%B5%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="پۆڵەندا - Orta Kürtçe" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پۆڵەندا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Orta Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia - Korsikaca" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehistan" title="Lehistan - Kırım Tatarcası" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Lehistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Kırım Tatarcası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsko" title="Polsko - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B2lsk%C3%B4" title="Pòlskô - Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Pòlskô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D2%84%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пол҄ьска - Kilise Slavcası" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Пол҄ьска" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kilise Slavcası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша - Çuvaşça" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Çuvaşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwlad_Pwyl" title="Gwlad Pwyl - Galce" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwlad Pwyl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Galce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="önerilen madde"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Polonya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lska" title="Pólska - Aşağı Sorbça" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Pólska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Sorbça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland - Orta Kadazan" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Orta Kadazan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="पोल्याण्ड - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="पोल्याण्ड" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%AE%DE%8D%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%AA" title="ޕޮލެންޑު - Divehi dili" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕޮލެންޑު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%B2" title="པོ་ལེནཌི - Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="པོ་ལེནཌི" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%94lisa" title="Pɔlisa - Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Pɔlisa" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Πολωνία - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολωνία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pul%C3%B3gna" title="Pulógna - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Pulógna" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollando" title="Pollando - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pollando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poola" title="Poola - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Poola" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polo%C3%B1a" title="Poloña - Ekstremadura Dili" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Poloña" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Ekstremadura Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لهستان - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لهستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloonya" title="Poloonya - Fula dili" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Poloonya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puola" title="Puola - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puola" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poola" title="Poola - Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Poola" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poladi" title="Poladi - Fiji dili" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Poladi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lland" title="Pólland - Faroe dili" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Pólland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pologne" title="Pologne - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pologne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pologne" title="Pologne - Arpitanca" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Pologne" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poolen" title="Poolen - Kuzey Frizce" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Poolen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Kuzey Frizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonie" title="Polonie - Friuli dili" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Polonie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poalen" title="Poalen - Batı Frizcesi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Poalen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Batı Frizcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Pholainn" title="An Pholainn - İrlandaca" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Pholainn" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="İrlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C5%9Fa" title="Polşa - Gagavuzca" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Polşa" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagavuzca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="波蘭 - Gan Çincesi" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="波蘭" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B2gn" title="Pològn - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Pològn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%27_Ph%C3%B2lainn" title="A' Phòlainn - İskoç Gaelcesi" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="A' Phòlainn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="İskoç Gaelcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia - Galiçyaca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiçyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B3%C3%B1a" title="Polóña - Guarani dili" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Polóña" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="पोलंड - Goa Konkanicesi" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="पोलंड" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goa Konkanicesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐍀𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌰 - Gotça" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍀𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A1" title="પોલેંડ - Güceratça" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પોલેંડ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Güceratça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Pholynn" title="Yn Pholynn - Man dili" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Pholynn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Man dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland - Hausa dili" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B4-l%C3%A0n" title="Pô-làn - Hakka Çincesi" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pô-làn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%8Dlani" title="Pōlani - Hawaii dili" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Pōlani" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="פולין - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פולין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="पोलैंड - Hintçe" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पोलैंड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hintçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland - Fiji Hintçesi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hintçesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljska" title="Poljska - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Poljska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lska" title="Pólska - Yukarı Sorbça" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Pólska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Yukarı Sorbça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B2y" title="Polòy - Haiti Kreyolu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Polòy" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haiti Kreyolu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengyelorsz%C3%A1g" title="Lengyelország - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lengyelország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Լեհաստան - Ermenice" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լեհաստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Ermenice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Փոլոնիա - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Փոլոնիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia - İnterlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="İnterlingua" data-language-local-name="İnterlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İnterlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland - Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Polandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia - Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland - İbo dili" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="İbo dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puulan" title="Puulan - İnyupikçe" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Puulan" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="İnyupikçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia - Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Полхехье - İnguşça" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Полхехье" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="İnguşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lland" title="Pólland - İzlandaca" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pólland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="İzlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%B3%E1%93%9A%E1%93%90%E1%91%A6" title="ᐳᓚᓐᑦ - İnuktitut dili" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐳᓚᓐᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="İnuktitut dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="ポーランド - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポーランド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puolan" title="Puolan - Jamaika Patois Dili" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Puolan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaika Patois Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/polskas" title="polskas - Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="polskas" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen - Cava dili" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Cava dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="პოლონეთი - Gürcüce" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოლონეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gürcüce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsha" title="Polsha - Karakalpakça" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Polsha" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulunda" title="Bulunda - Kabiliyece" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Bulunda" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabiliyece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Лэхьый - Kabardeyce" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Лэхьый" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardeyce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%94l%C9%94%C9%94%C3%B1%C9%A9" title="Pɔlɔɔñɩ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pɔlɔɔñɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polan" title="Polan - Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Polan" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pologne" title="Pologne - Kongo dili" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Pologne" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Polandia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borandi" title="Borandi - Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Borandi" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша - Kazakça" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%89" title="ប្រទេសប៉ូឡូញ - Khmer dili" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប្រទេសប៉ូឡូញ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ - Kannada dili" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C" title="폴란드 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폴란드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Польска - Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Польска" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша - Karaçay-Balkarca" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karaçay-Balkarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="پولینڈ - Keşmir dili" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پولینڈ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Keşmir dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole" title="Pole - Köln lehçesi" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Pole" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Köln lehçesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya - Kürtçe" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Polonya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша - Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloni" title="Poloni - Kernevekçe" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Poloni" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kernevekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша - Kırgızca" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kırgızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia - Latince" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia - Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen - Lüksemburgca" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lüksemburgca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша - Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша - Lezgice" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsca" title="Polsca - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Polsca" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupoolo" title="Bupoolo - Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Bupoolo" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole" title="Pole - Limburgca" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Pole" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia - Ligurca" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B2nia" title="Polònia - Lombardça" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Polònia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloni" title="Poloni - Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Poloni" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%9B%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%8C" title="ປະເທດໂປແລນດ໌ - Lao dili" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດໂປແລນດ໌" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenkija" title="Lenkija - Litvanca" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lenkija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puoleja" title="Puoleja - Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Puoleja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polija" title="Polija - Letonca" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Polija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia - Madura Dili" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Polandia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madura Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="पोल्यान्ड - Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पोल्यान्ड" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Polandia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Полень мастор - Mokşa dili" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Полень мастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Mokşa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B4l%C3%B4nia" title="Pôlônia - Malgaşça" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Pôlônia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgaşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%8Drana" title="Pōrana - Maori dili" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pōrana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia - Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Polandia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Полска - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Полска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="പോളണ്ട് - Malayalam dili" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പോളണ്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88" title="Польш - Moğolca" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Польш" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Moğolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯄꯣꯂꯦꯟ - Manipuri dili" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯣꯂꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="पोलंड - Marathi dili" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोलंड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша - Ova Çirmişçesi" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Ova Çirmişçesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland - Malayca" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonja" title="Polonja - Maltaca" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Polonja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B3nia" title="Polónia - Miranda dili" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Polónia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ပိုလန်နိုင်ငံ - Birman dili" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပိုလန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birman dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Польша Мастор - Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Польша Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="لهستون - Mazenderanca" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لهستون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazenderanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulonnia" title="Pulonnia - Napolice" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Pulonnia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Napolice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen - Aşağı Almanca" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen - Aşağı Saksonca" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Saksonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="पोल्यान्ड - Nepalce" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पोल्यान्ड" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="पोल्याण्ड - Nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पोल्याण्ड" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen - Norveççe Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia - Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%94%DF%8F%DF%9F%DF%90%DF%B2%DF%A2" title="ߔߏߟߐ߲ߢ - N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߔߏߟߐ߲ߢ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polongne" title="Polongne - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Polongne" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland - Kuzey Sotho dili" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Kuzey Sotho dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haltso_H%C3%B3teelnii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Haltso Hóteelnii Bikéyah - Navaho dili" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Haltso Hóteelnii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navaho dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland - Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonha" title="Polonha - Oksitan dili" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Polonha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%27%C5%A1u" title="Pol'šu - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Pol'šu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poolaandi" title="Poolaandi - Oromo dili" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Poolaandi" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%C3%A6" title="Польшæ - Osetçe" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Польшæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osetçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1" title="ਪੋਲੈਂਡ - Pencapça" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੋਲੈਂਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pencapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya - Pangasinan dili" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Polonya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya - Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Polonya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia - Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonne" title="Polonne - Picard Dili" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Polonne" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen - Pensilvanya Almancası" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pensilvanya Almancası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen - Palatin Almancası" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatin Almancası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="पोलैंड - Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="पोलैंड" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poeland" title="Poeland - Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Poeland" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polska" title="Polska - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Polska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B2nia" title="Polònia - Piyemontece" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Polònia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piyemontece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="پولینڈ - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پولینڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Πολωνία - Kuzeybatı Kafkasya" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Πολωνία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Kuzeybatı Kafkasya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%DA%89" title="پولنډ - Peştuca" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پولنډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Peştuca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B3nia" title="Polónia - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Polónia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulunya" title="Pulunya - Keçuva dili" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pulunya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Keçuva dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pologna" title="Pologna - Romanşça" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Pologna" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romanşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polska" title="Polska - Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Polska" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pologne" title="Pologne - Kirundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Pologne" data-language-autonym="İkirundi" data-language-local-name="Kirundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İkirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulunii" title="Pulunii - Ulahça" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Pulunii" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Ulahça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulonie" title="Pulonie - Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Pulonie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Польско - Rusince" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Польско" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonye" title="Polonye - Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Polonye" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D" title="पोलॅण्ड् - Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पोलॅण्ड्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша - Yakutça" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakutça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0" title="ᱯᱳᱞᱮᱱᱰ - Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱳᱞᱮᱱᱰ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B2nia" title="Polònia - Sardunya dili" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Polònia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardunya dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulonia" title="Pulonia - Sicilyaca" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pulonia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland - İskoçça" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="İskoçça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%8A" title="پولينڊ - Sindhi dili" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پولينڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polska" title="Polska - Kuzey Laponcası" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Polska" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Kuzey Laponcası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B6l%C3%B4ni" title="Pölôni - Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Pölôni" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljska" title="Poljska - Sırp-Hırvat Dili" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Poljska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Sırp-Hırvat Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulunya" title="Bulunya - Taşelit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Bulunya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Taşelit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9C%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းပူဝ်ႇလႅၼ်ႇ - Shan dili" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းပူဝ်ႇလႅၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="පෝලන්තය - Sinhali dili" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පෝලන්තය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhali dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%BEsko" title="Poľsko - Slovakça" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Poľsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="پولینڈ - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="پولینڈ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljska" title="Poljska - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Poljska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polani" title="Polani - Samoa dili" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Polani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puola" title="Puola - İnari Laponcası" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Puola" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="İnari Laponcası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandi" title="Polandi - Şona dili" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Polandi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Şona dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boland" title="Boland - Somalice" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Boland" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia - Arnavutça" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Arnavutça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пољска - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пољска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikondre" title="Polikondre - Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Polikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPholandi" title="IPholandi - Sisvati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IPholandi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Sisvati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland - Güney Sotho dili" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Güney Sotho dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen - Saterland Frizcesi" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frizcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia - Sunda dili" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Polandia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="önerilen madde"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandi" title="Polandi - Svahili dili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Polandi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsko" title="Polsko - Silezyaca" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Polsko" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="போலந்து - Tamilce" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="போலந்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland - Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D" title="పోలాండ్ - Telugu dili" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పోలాండ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B3nia" title="Polónia - Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Polónia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лаҳистон - Tacikçe" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Лаҳистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tacikçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ประเทศโปแลนด์ - Tayca" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศโปแลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%96%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5" title="ፖላንድ - Tigrinya dili" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ፖላንድ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C5%9Fa" title="Polşa - Türkmence" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Polşa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Türkmence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya - Tagalogca" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Polonya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalogca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C5%A1a" title="Polša - Talışça" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Polša" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talışça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polani" title="Polani - Tonga dili" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Polani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polan" title="Polan - Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Polan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poran" title="Poran - Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Poran" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polendi" title="Polendi - Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Polendi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша - Tatarca" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland - Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland - Tvi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Tvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%8Drana" title="Pōrana - Tahiti dili" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Pōrana" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahiti dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша - Tuvaca" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша - Udmurtça" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurtça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لەھىستان - Uygurca" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لەھىستان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uygurca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%89%D0%B0" title="Польща - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Польща" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="پولینڈ - Urduca" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پولینڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urduca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsha" title="Polsha - Özbekçe" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Polsha" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Özbekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland - Venda dili" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C5%82%C3%B2nia" title="Połònia - Venedikçe" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Połònia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venedikçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%27%C5%A1anma" title="Pol'šanma - Veps dili" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Pol'šanma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba_Lan" title="Ba Lan - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ba Lan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pooln" title="Pooln - Batı Flamanca" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Pooln" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="Batı Flamanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%A4n" title="Polän - Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Polän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pologne" title="Pologne - Valonca" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pologne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Valonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya - Varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Polonya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polo%C3%B1" title="Poloñ - Volofça" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Poloñ" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Volofça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰 - Wu Çincesi" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="波兰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPoland" title="IPoland - Zosa dili" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IPoland" data-language-autonym="İsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Zosa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="პოლონეთი - Megrelce" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პოლონეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Megrelce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9F" title="פוילן - Yidiş" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פוילן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yidiş" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3l%C3%A1nd%C3%AC" title="Pólándì - Yorubaca" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Pólándì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yorubaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohlanz" title="Bohlanz - Zhuangca" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Bohlanz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuangca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C3%B4l%27n" title="Poôl'n - Zelandaca" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Poôl'n" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zelandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B0" title="ⴱⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ - Standart Fas Tamazigti" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴱⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standart Fas Tamazigti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波兰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="波蘭 - Edebi Çince" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="波蘭" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Edebi Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pho-l%C3%A2n" title="Pho-lân - Min Nan Çincesi" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pho-lân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="波蘭 - Kantonca" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波蘭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPolandi" title="IPolandi - Zuluca" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IPolandi" data-language-autonym="İsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zuluca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillerarası bağlantıları değiştir" class="wbc-editpage">Bağlantıları değiştir</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ad alanları"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Polonya" title="İçerik sayfasını göster [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Madde</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Polonya" rel="discussion" title="İçerik ile ilgili tartışma [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Tartışma</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dil varyantını değiştir" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Türkçe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Polonya"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=history" title="Bu sayfanın geçmiş sürümleri [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geçmişi gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Araçlar" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Araçlar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Araçlar</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Daha fazla seçenek" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Eylemler </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Polonya"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=history"><span>Geçmişi gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Genel </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:SayfayaBa%C4%9Flant%C4%B1lar/Polonya" title="Bu sayfaya bağlantı vermiş tüm viki sayfalarının listesi [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sayfaya bağlantılar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C4%B0lgiliDe%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fiklikler/Polonya" rel="nofollow" title="Bu sayfadan bağlantı verilen sayfalardaki son değişiklikler [k]" accesskey="k"><span>İlgili değişiklikler</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C3%96zelSayfalar" title="Tüm özel sayfaların listesi [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Özel sayfalar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&oldid=34162744" title="Bu sayfanın bu revizyonuna kalıcı bağlantı"><span>Kalıcı bağlantı</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=info" title="Bu sayfa hakkında daha fazla bilgi"><span>Sayfa bilgisi</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:KaynakG%C3%B6ster&page=Polonya&id=34162744&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Bu sayfadan nasıl kaynak göstereceği hakkında bilgi"><span>Bu sayfayı kaynak göster</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPolonya"><span>Kısaltılmış URL'yi al</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPolonya"><span>Karekodu indir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Yazdır/dışa aktar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kitap&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Polonya"><span>Bir kitap oluştur</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:DownloadAsPdf&page=Polonya&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF olarak indir</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&printable=yes" title="Bu sayfanın basılmaya uygun sürümü [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Basılmaya uygun görünüm</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Diğer projelerde </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Polska" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikinews.org/wiki/Kategori:Polonya" hreflang="tr"><span>Vikihaber</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikiquote.org/wiki/Polonya" hreflang="tr"><span>Vikisöz</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Polonya" hreflang="tr"><span>Vikigezgin</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36" title="Veri havuzundaki ilgili ögeye bağlantı [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikiveri ögesi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Görünüm</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gizle</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipedi, özgür ansiklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28603389">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">Polonya</div><div style="padding-top:0.25em; font-weight:normal;"><i>Rzeczpospolita Polska</i> (<a href="/wiki/Leh%C3%A7e" title="Lehçe">Lehçe</a>)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">Polonya Cumhuriyeti</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Polonya bayrağı"><img alt="Polonya bayrağı" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/125px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/188px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/250px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Polonya_bayra%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Polonya bayrağı">Bayrak</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Herb_Polski.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/80px-Herb_Polski.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/120px-Herb_Polski.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/160px-Herb_Polski.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3158" data-file-height="3716" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Polonya_armas%C4%B1" title="Polonya arması">Arma</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data marş"><div style="line-height:1.7em;" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_mar%C5%9F" title="Millî marş">Millî marş</a></b><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=pt-br&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil ‪(pt-br)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=sl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sl" label="slovenščina ‪(sl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog ‪(tl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMazurek_Dabrowskiego.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span><i><a href="/wiki/Mazurek_D%C4%85browskiego" title="Mazurek Dąbrowskiego">Mazurek Dąbrowskiego</a></i><br />(<i>Dąbrowski'nin Mazurka'sı</i>)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div align="center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:EU-Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title=" Polonya konumu (koyu yeşil) - Avrupa'da (koyu gri) - Avrupa Birliği'nde (yeşil)"><img alt="Polonya haritadaki konumu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/EU-Poland.svg/250px-EU-Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/EU-Poland.svg/375px-EU-Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/EU-Poland.svg/500px-EU-Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div align="center"><div style="font-size:80%"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 300px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/000_Polonia_harta.PNG/300px-000_Polonia_harta.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/000_Polonia_harta.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="328" data-file-height="353" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:180px; top:155.000005px"><big><b><a href="/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova" title="Varşova"><span style="color: #000000;">Varşova</span></a></b></big></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:113.000004px; top:247.6px"><a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice"><span style="color: #000000;">Katowice</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:46.999998px; top:127px"><big><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań"><span style="color: #000000;">Poznań</span></a></big></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:105px; top:230.000005px"><a href="/wiki/Gliwice" title="Gliwice"><span style="color: #000000;">Gliwice</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:81px; top:91px"><big><a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz" title="Bydgoszcz"><span style="color: #000000;">Bydgoszcz</span></a></big></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:103.000002px; top:52px"><big><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk"><span style="color: #000000;">Gdańsk</span></a></big></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:63.999999px; top:189.00001px"><big><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław"><span style="color: #000000;">Wrocław</span></a></big></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:51.999999px; top:51.000001px"><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg"><span style="color: #000000;">Kołobrzeg</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:14.000001px; top:94px"><big><a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin"><span style="color: #000000;">Szczecin</span></a></big></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:14.000001px; top:61px"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awinouj%C5%9Bcie" title="Świnoujście"><span style="color: #000000;">Świnoujście</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:36.999999px; top:146.999995px"><i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Polonya" title="Büyük Polonya"><span style="color: #000000;">B Ü Y Ü K <br /> P O L O N Y A</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:165.99999px; top:227.000008px"><i><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_Polonya" title="Küçük Polonya"><span style="color: #000000;">K Ü Ç Ü K <br /> P O L O N Y A</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:39px; top:175px"><a href="/wiki/Oder_Nehri" title="Oder Nehri"><span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;"><i>Oder</i></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:144px; top:139px"><a href="/wiki/Vist%C3%BCl" title="Vistül"><span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;"><i>Vistül</i></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:180px; top:288.00001px"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rysy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rysy (sayfa mevcut değil)"><span style="color: #000000;">Rysy</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:14.000001px; top:311.00002px"><a href="/wiki/Avusturya" title="Avusturya"><span style="color: #000000;"><b>Avus.</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:124.000002px; top:302.99998px"><a href="/wiki/Slovakya" title="Slovakya"><span style="color: #000000;"><b>SLOVAKYA</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:279px; top:254.5px"><a href="/wiki/Ukrayna" title="Ukrayna"><span style="color: #000000;"><b>U<br />K<br />R<br />A<br />Y<br />N<br />A</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:3px; top:127px"><a href="/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya"><span style="color: #000000;"><b>A<br />L<br />M<br />A<br />N<br />Y<br />A</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:285px; top:95.999998px"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><span style="color: #000000;"><b>B<br />E<br />L<br />A<br />R<br />U<br />S</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:81.999996px; top:213.00001px"><i><a href="/wiki/Silezya" title="Silezya"><span style="color: #000000;">S İ L E Z Y A</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:165.99999px; top:255.000001px"><big><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków"><span style="color: #000000;">Kraków</span></a></big></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:218.000001px; top:253.999999px"><a href="/wiki/Rzesz%C3%B3w" title="Rzeszów"><span style="color: #000000;">Rzeszów</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:201px; top:193px"><a href="/wiki/Radom" title="Radom"><span style="color: #000000;">Radom</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:74.000004px; top:8.0000005px"><a href="/wiki/Balt%C4%B1k_Denizi" title="Baltık Denizi"><span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;">Baltık<br />Denizi</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:165px; top:127px"><i><a href="/wiki/Mazovya" title="Mazovya"><span style="color: #000000;">M A Z O V Y A</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:49.000002px; top:70.999996px"><i><a href="/wiki/Pomeranya" title="Pomeranya"><span style="color: #000000;">P O M E R A N Y A</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:99.999996px; top:114.000001px"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuyavya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuyavya (sayfa mevcut değil)"><span style="color: #000000;">K U Y A V Y A</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:18px; top:256px"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya"><span style="color: #000000;"><b>ÇEKYA</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:259.999998px; top:20.9999992px"><a href="/wiki/Litvanya" title="Litvanya"><span style="color: #000000;"><b>Litv.</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:192px; top:26.5px"><a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya"><span style="color: #000000;"><b>RUSYA</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:243px; top:199px"><big><a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin"><span style="color: #000000;">Lublin</span></a></big></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:218.000001px; top:95.999998px"><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok"><span style="color: #000000;">Białystok</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:113.000004px; top:30.000001px"><a href="/wiki/Gdynia" title="Gdynia"><span style="color: #000000;">Gdynia</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:131.000004px; top:203.999995px"><a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa" title="Częstochowa"><span style="color: #000000;">Częstochowa</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:134.000001px; top:178px"><big><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź"><span style="color: #000000;">Łódź</span></a></big></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:87px; top:38.000002px"><a href="/wiki/Ustka" title="Ustka"><span style="color: #000000;">Ustka</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:189.99999px; top:72.000001px"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazurya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazurya (sayfa mevcut değil)"><span style="color: #000000;">M A Z U R Y A</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:150.99999px; top:57.000001px"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raczki_Elbl%C4%85skie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raczki Elbląskie (sayfa mevcut değil)"><span style="color: #000000;">Raczki<br />Elbląskie</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:10.0000005px; top:17.9999998px"><a href="/wiki/Bornholm" title="Bornholm"><span style="color: #000000;">Bornholm</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:12.999999px; top:28px"><a href="/wiki/Danimarka" title="Danimarka"><span style="color: #000000;"><b>(Dan.)</b></span></a></div> </div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Başkent<br /><div style="font-weight:normal">ve en büyük şehir</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova" title="Varşova">Varşova</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32637432">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=tr:Polonya&params=52_13_N_21_02_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Bu konum için haritalar, havadan fotoğraflar ve diğer veriler"><span class="latitude">52°13′K</span> <span class="longitude">21°02′D</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Bu konum için haritalar, hava fotoğrafı ve diğer veriler">52.217°K 21.033°D</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.217; 21.033</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resmî dil(ler)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leh%C3%A7e" title="Lehçe">Lehçe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Polonya%27da_siyaset" title="Polonya'da siyaset">Hükûmet</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cniter" class="mw-redirect" title="Üniter">Üniter</a> <a href="/wiki/Demokratik" class="mw-redirect" title="Demokratik">demokratik</a> <a href="/wiki/Parlamenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Parlamenter">parlamenter</a> <a href="/wiki/Cumhuriyet" title="Cumhuriyet">Cumhuriyet</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r28603389"><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Cumhurbaşkanı </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Duda" title="Andrzej Duda">Andrzej Duda</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Başbakan </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Yasama organı</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Polonya_Parlamentosu" title="Polonya Parlamentosu">Parlamento</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cst_meclis" title="Üst meclis">Üst meclis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Polonya_Senatosu" title="Polonya Senatosu">Senato</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Alt_meclis" title="Alt meclis">Alt meclis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tarihçe</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r28603389"><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Hristiyanlık'ın kabulü </div></th><td class="infobox-data">966</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Polonya-Litvanya_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Polonya-Litvanya Birliği">Polonya-Litvanya Birliği</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 Temmuz 1569</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0kinci_Polonya_Cumhuriyeti" title="İkinci Polonya Cumhuriyeti">İkinci Cumhuriyet</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">11 Kasım 1918</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Polonya_Halk_Cumhuriyeti" title="Polonya Halk Cumhuriyeti">Halk Cumhuriyeti</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">31 Aralık 1944</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Üçüncü Cumhuriyet </div></th><td class="infobox-data">30 Ocak 1990</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">Yüzölçümü</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Toplam</div></th><td class="infobox-data">312.696 km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Y%C3%BCz%C3%B6l%C3%A7%C3%BCmlerine_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Yüzölçümlerine göre ülkeler listesi">69</a>.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Su (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,07</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">Nüfus</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Haziran 2019 tahminî</div></th><td class="infobox-data">38.433.600</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 2011 sayımı</div></th><td class="infobox-data">38.386.000 (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCfuslar%C4%B1na_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nüfuslarına göre ülkeler listesi">36</a>.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gayri_safi_yurt_i%C3%A7i_has%C4%B1la" class="mw-redirect" title="Gayri safi yurt içi hasıla">GSYİH</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Sat%C4%B1n_alma_g%C3%BCc%C3%BC_paritesi" title="Satın alma gücü paritesi">SAGP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2021 tahminî</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Toplam</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">1,364 trilyon $</span><sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOPL_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOPL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Sat%C4%B1n_alma_g%C3%BCc%C3%BC_paritelerine_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Satın alma gücü paritelerine göre ülkeler listesi">20</a>.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Kişi başına</div></th><td class="infobox-data">35.957 $<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOPL_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOPL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Ki%C5%9Fi_ba%C5%9F%C4%B1na_sat%C4%B1n_alma_g%C3%BCc%C3%BC_paritelerine_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Kişi başına satın alma gücü paritelerine göre ülkeler listesi">39.</a>.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gayri_safi_yurt_i%C3%A7i_has%C4%B1la" class="mw-redirect" title="Gayri safi yurt içi hasıla">GSYİH</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2021 tahminî</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Toplam</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">642,121 milyar $</span><sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOPL_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOPL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Nominal_GSY%C4%B0H_de%C4%9Ferlerine_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Nominal GSYİH değerlerine göre ülkeler listesi">22</a>.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Kişi başına</div></th><td class="infobox-data">16.930 $<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOPL_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOPL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Ki%C5%9Fi_ba%C5%9F%C4%B1na_nominal_GSY%C4%B0H_de%C4%9Ferlerine_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Kişi başına nominal GSYİH değerlerine göre ülkeler listesi">44</a>.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_katsay%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Gini katsayısı">Gini</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2019)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="color: red; font-size: larger;">▲</span> 28.5<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33633371">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:forestgreen">düşük</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0nsani_Geli%C5%9Fme_Endeksi" title="İnsani Gelişme Endeksi">İGE</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2019)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="artış" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.880<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33633371"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">çok yüksek</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0nsani_Geli%C5%9Fme_Endeksi%27ne_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="İnsani Gelişme Endeksi'ne göre ülkeler listesi">35.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Para birimi</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Z%C5%82oty" class="mw-redirect" title="Złoty">Polonya Zlotisi</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">PLN</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Zaman dilimi</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/E%C5%9Fg%C3%BCd%C3%BCml%C3%BC_Evrensel_Zaman" title="Eşgüdümlü Evrensel Zaman">UTC</a>+1</span> (<a href="/wiki/Orta_Avrupa_Saati" title="Orta Avrupa Saati">OAS</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Yaz (<a href="/wiki/Yaz_saati_uygulamas%C4%B1" title="Yaz saati uygulaması">YSU</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/E%C5%9Fg%C3%BCd%C3%BCml%C3%BC_Evrensel_Zaman" title="Eşgüdümlü Evrensel Zaman">UTC</a>+2</span> (<a href="/wiki/Orta_Avrupa_Yaz_Saati" title="Orta Avrupa Yaz Saati">OAYS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sa%C4%9Fdan_ve_soldan_akan_trafik" title="Sağdan ve soldan akan trafik">Trafik akışı</a></th><td class="infobox-data">sağ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Telefon kodu</th><td class="infobox-data">48</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0nternet_%C3%BCst_seviye_alan_adlar%C4%B1_listesi" title="İnternet üst seviye alan adları listesi">İnternet alan adı</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.pl" title=".pl">.pl</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Polonya</b> (<a href="/wiki/Leh%C3%A7e" title="Lehçe">Lehçe</a>: <i><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/98\/Pl-Polska.ogg\/Pl-Polska.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Polska"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"tr","wikibase":"","file":"Pl-Polska.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/Pl-Polska.ogg/Pl-Polska.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Ses çal" title="Ses çal" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Polska</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Pl-Polska.ogg" title="Dosya:Pl-Polska.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></i>, <span title="IPA Söylenişi" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:IPA" title="Yardım:IPA">[pɔls.ka]</a></span>), resmî adıyla <b>Polonya Cumhuriyeti</b> (<a href="/wiki/Leh%C3%A7e" title="Lehçe">Lehçe</a>: <i><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/56\/Pl-Rzeczpospolita_Polska.ogg\/Pl-Rzeczpospolita_Polska.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Rzeczpospolita Polska"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"tr","wikibase":"","file":"Pl-Rzeczpospolita Polska.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/Pl-Rzeczpospolita_Polska.ogg/Pl-Rzeczpospolita_Polska.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Ses çal" title="Ses çal" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Rzeczpospolita Polska</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Pl-Rzeczpospolita_Polska.ogg" title="Dosya:Pl-Rzeczpospolita Polska.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></i>, <span title="IPA Söylenişi" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:IPA" title="Yardım:IPA">[ʐɛt͡ʂ.pɔsˈ.pɔ.lʲita pɔls.ka]</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/Orta_Avrupa" title="Orta Avrupa">Orta Avrupa</a>'da bulunan bir ülkedir. Komşuları, batıda <a href="/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya">Almanya</a>, güneybatıda <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya">Çekya</a>, güneyde <a href="/wiki/Slovakya" title="Slovakya">Slovakya</a>, kuzeydoğuda <a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Litvanya" title="Litvanya">Litvanya</a>, doğuda <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, güneydoğuda <a href="/wiki/Ukrayna" title="Ukrayna">Ukrayna</a> ve kuzeyde <a href="/wiki/Balt%C4%B1k_Denizi" title="Baltık Denizi">Baltık Denizi</a>'dir. Ülke 312.696 km²'lik yüzölçümüyle <a href="/wiki/Avrupa" title="Avrupa">Avrupa</a>'nın dokuzuncu, dünyanın altmış dokuzuncu büyük ülkesidir. Yaklaşık 38,4 milyonluk nüfusuyla dünya sıralamasında en kalabalık 36. ülkedir.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarihçe"><span id="Tarih.C3.A7e"></span>Tarihçe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Tarihçe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Tarihçe"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Polonya_tarihi" title="Polonya tarihi">Polonya tarihi</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ülkenin_kuruluşu"><span id=".C3.9Clkenin_kurulu.C5.9Fu"></span>Ülkenin kuruluşu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Ülkenin kuruluşu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Ülkenin kuruluşu"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Slav kabilelerin <a href="/wiki/Vist%C3%BCl" title="Vistül">Vistül</a> havzasına MÖ 2000'lerde yerleştikleri sanılmaktadır. MS 9. ve 10. yüzyıllarda bu bölgede <a href="/wiki/Piast_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Piast Hanedanı">Piast hanedanı</a> egemendi. 966'da Piast Hükümdarı <a href="/wiki/I._Mieszko" title="I. Mieszko">I. Mieszko</a> <a href="/wiki/Hristiyanl%C4%B1k" title="Hristiyanlık">Hristiyanlığı</a> kabul etti ve Polonya devletinin temelini attı. </p><p>Ne var ki, Polonya 200 yıl boyunca, doğuya doğru genişleme amacında olan <a href="/wiki/Kutsal_Roma_Cermen_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutsal Roma Cermen İmparatorluğu">Kutsal Roma Cermen İmparatorluğu</a>'na karşı bağımsızlığını korumak için mücadele etmek zorunda kaldı. Polonya 12. yüzyılda bu imparatorluğun egemenliğine girdi ve bazı topraklarını yitirdi. Ülke 13. yüzyılda yeni sorunlarla karşılaştı. 1241'de başlayan Moğol akınları büyük yıkımlara neden oldu. Öte yandan ülkenin kuzeyi, Vistül'ün doğusunda güç kazanmış olan Töton Şövalyeleri'nin tehdidi altına girdi. Töton Şövalyeleri 1308'de <a href="/wiki/Danzig" class="mw-redirect" title="Danzig">Danzig</a>'i (bugün <a href="/wiki/Gdansk" class="mw-redirect" title="Gdansk">Gdansk</a>) ve Pomeranya'nın kıyı bölümünü ele geçirince Polonya'nın denizle ilişkisi kesildi. </p><p>Son Piast Kralı <a href="/wiki/III._Casimir" title="III. Casimir">III. Casimir</a>, Tötonların tehdidi altındaki komşuları Litvanyalılar ile Polonyalılar arasında bir birlik oluşturmaya çalıştı. 1386'da Litvanya Grandükü <a href="/wiki/II._W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Jagie%C5%82%C5%82o" title="II. Władysław Jagiełło">II. Wladyslav Jagiello</a>'nun Polonya Kraliçesi Jadwiga ile evlenmesiyle istenen birlik gerçekleşti. Bu evlilikle Polonya toprakları dört kez büyüdü ve doğu ticaret yolu açılmış oldu. 1410'da Jagiello, <a href="/wiki/Grunwald_Muharebesi" title="Grunwald Muharebesi">Grunwald</a>'de Töton Şövalyeleri'ni yenmeyi başardı. 1466'da oğlu IV. Kazimierz, Töton Şövalyeleri'ne karşı açtığı <a href="/wiki/On_%C3%9C%C3%A7_Y%C4%B1l_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1_(1454-1466)" title="On Üç Yıl Savaşı (1454-1466)">On Üç Yıl Savaşı</a>'nı kazanarak Pomeranya ile Gdansk'ı geri aldı. Böylece Baltık Denizi'ne çıkış yeniden sağlanmış oldu. 15. yüzyılın sonuna doğru Osmanlılar ve Kırım Tatarları Karadeniz çevresindeki bazı bölgeleri ele geçirerek Polonya'nın doğu ticaret yolunu kestiler. Aynı dönemde Kutsal Roma Cermen İmparatorluğu, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6ton_%C5%9E%C3%B6valyeleri" title="Töton Şövalyeleri">Töton Şövalyeleri</a>'ni Polonya'ya karşı ayaklandırdı. Bu arada Polonya sınırları Rus ve Osmanlı akınlarıyla zorlanıyordu. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Rzeczpospolita.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Rzeczpospolita.png/300px-Rzeczpospolita.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Rzeczpospolita.png/450px-Rzeczpospolita.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Rzeczpospolita.png/600px-Rzeczpospolita.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1568" /></a><figcaption>16. ve 17. yüzyıllarda Polonya</figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Polonya-Litvanya_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Polonya-Litvanya Birliği">Polonya-Litvanya Birliği</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/I._Zygmunt" title="I. Zygmunt">I. Zygmunt</a> (1506-48) Rus saldırılarının çoğunu püskürttü. Osmanlıların sürekli akınlarını durdurmak için ise 1533'te bir barış antlaşması imzaladı. 1569'da birleşik ve bağımsız bir krallık yönetimini öngören bir anayasa hazırlandı. Tüm soyluların kralın seçimine doğrudan katılması sağlandı. Litvanya Grandüklüğü ve Polonya Krallığı, tek bir hükümdarca yönetilen bir devlet oluşturdular. Bu dönemde soyluların köylüler üzerindeki sömürüsü ağırlaşmıştı. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Zbroje_husarskie.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Zbroje_husarskie.JPG/150px-Zbroje_husarskie.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Zbroje_husarskie.JPG/225px-Zbroje_husarskie.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Zbroje_husarskie.JPG/300px-Zbroje_husarskie.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1485" data-file-height="1940" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCssar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hüssar">Hüssarların</a> giydiği efsanevi kanatlı zincir zırhlar.</figcaption></figure> <p>Polonya, Doğu Avrupa'nın önemli bir tarım ve ticaret merkezi haline durumuna geldi. Seçimle işbaşına gelen <a href="/wiki/Stephen_B%C3%A1thory" title="Stephen Báthory">Stephen Báthory</a>, Rusların işgali altındaki toprakları geri almayı başardı, ülkede reformlara girişti. Batory'den sonra başa geçen <a href="/wiki/III._Zygmunt_Waza" title="III. Zygmunt Waza">III. Zygmunt Waza</a> (1587-1632) İsveç ve Rusya ile savaşa girdi. Bu dönemde parlak zaferler kazandıysa da daha sonra Osmanlı akınları karşısında zayıf düştü. Polonya'nın zayıf düşmesinden yararlanan İsveç, 1629'daki bir antlaşmayla <a href="/wiki/Balt%C4%B1k_Denizi" title="Baltık Denizi">Baltık</a> kıyı kentlerini aldı. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:King_John_III_Sobieski_Sobieski_sending_Message_of_Victory_to_the_Pope,_after_the_Battle_of_Vienna_111.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/King_John_III_Sobieski_Sobieski_sending_Message_of_Victory_to_the_Pope%2C_after_the_Battle_of_Vienna_111.PNG/410px-King_John_III_Sobieski_Sobieski_sending_Message_of_Victory_to_the_Pope%2C_after_the_Battle_of_Vienna_111.PNG" decoding="async" width="410" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/King_John_III_Sobieski_Sobieski_sending_Message_of_Victory_to_the_Pope%2C_after_the_Battle_of_Vienna_111.PNG/615px-King_John_III_Sobieski_Sobieski_sending_Message_of_Victory_to_the_Pope%2C_after_the_Battle_of_Vienna_111.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/King_John_III_Sobieski_Sobieski_sending_Message_of_Victory_to_the_Pope%2C_after_the_Battle_of_Vienna_111.PNG/820px-King_John_III_Sobieski_Sobieski_sending_Message_of_Victory_to_the_Pope%2C_after_the_Battle_of_Vienna_111.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/II._Viyana_Ku%C5%9Fatmas%C4%B1" title="II. Viyana Kuşatması">II. Viyana Kuşatması</a> - 1683, Polonya kralı <a href="/wiki/III._Jan_Sobieski" title="III. Jan Sobieski">III. Jan Sobieski</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Bir yandan Osmanlılar Avrupa'nın ortalarına doğru ilerlerken, Ruslar da topraklarını batıya doğru genişletmeye başlamıştı. 1674'te tahta çıkan <a href="/wiki/III._Jan_Sobieski" title="III. Jan Sobieski">Jan Sobieski</a>, Viyana'yı kuşatan Osmanlı ordusunun yenilgiye uğratılmasında önemli rol oynadı (1683). <a href="/wiki/Karlof%C3%A7a_Antla%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1" title="Karlofça Antlaşması">Karlofça Antlaşması</a> ile Osmanlıların elindeki topraklar yeniden Polonya'ya geçti (1699). </p><p>Avusturya ve Rusya 17. yüzyılın sonunda Avrupa'nın iki büyük gücü olarak öne çıkmıştı. 18. yüzyılın başında Polonya İsveç'in işgaline uğradı, kentleri yağmalandı ve nüfusunun dörtte birini yitirdi. Bundan yaralanan <a href="/wiki/I._Petro" title="I. Petro">I. Petro</a>, Polonya topraklarının bir bölümünü ele geçirerek, Polonya'nın Rusya'nın koruması altına girdiğini ilan etti. 1772'deki bir anlaşmayla Polonya topraklarının yaklaşık üçte biri Rusya, Avusturya ve Prusya arasında bölündü. Bu olay Polonya soylularının yurtseverlik duygularını kamçıladı. Düzenli bir ordu kurduktan sonra 1791'de yeni bir anayasa ile halk egemenliğini öngören bir yönetim planı geliştirdiler. Polonya'nın <a href="/wiki/Frans%C4%B1z_Devrimi" title="Fransız Devrimi">Fransız Devrimi</a>'ne benzer bir girişimde bulunmasından kaygılanan Rusya ülkeyi işgal etti. 1793'teki ikinci paylaşımla Polonya daha da küçüldü. Sonraki yıl General <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Tadeusz Kościuszko">Tadeusz Kosciuszko</a> önderliğindeki ayaklanma yenilgiyle sonuçlandı. 1795'te Rusya, Avusturya ve Prusya'nın katıldığı son bölünmeyle birlikte Polonya 100 yılı aşacak bir süre boyunca Avrupa siyasal haritasından silindi. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Polonya%27n%C4%B1n_Payla%C5%9F%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Polonya%27n%C4%B1n_Payla%C5%9F%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1.jpg/220px-Polonya%27n%C4%B1n_Payla%C5%9F%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Polonya%27n%C4%B1n_Payla%C5%9F%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1.jpg/330px-Polonya%27n%C4%B1n_Payla%C5%9F%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Polonya%27n%C4%B1n_Payla%C5%9F%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1.jpg/440px-Polonya%27n%C4%B1n_Payla%C5%9F%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bağımsızlık"><span id="Ba.C4.9F.C4.B1ms.C4.B1zl.C4.B1k"></span>Bağımsızlık</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Bağımsızlık" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Bağımsızlık"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Józef Piłsudski</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0kinci_Polonya_Cumhuriyeti" title="İkinci Polonya Cumhuriyeti">İkinci Polonya Cumhuriyeti</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Poland1939_physical.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Poland1939_physical.jpg/300px-Poland1939_physical.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Poland1939_physical.jpg/450px-Poland1939_physical.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Poland1939_physical.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption>Polonya, 1938/1939</figcaption></figure> <p>Rusya'da gerçekleşen 1917 <a href="/wiki/Ekim_Devrimi" title="Ekim Devrimi">Büyük Ekim Sosyalist Devrimi</a>'yle iktidara gelen <a href="/wiki/Bol%C5%9Fevikler" title="Bolşevikler">Bolşevikler</a> Polonya'nın bağımsızlığını kabul etti. <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a> ulusların kendi kaderlerini tayin hakkına saygı göstererek Polonya'nın bağımsızlığını onayladı. Ancak Polonya Rusya'da çıkan iç savaştan istifade edip toprak kazanabilmek için saldırıya geçti. Bağımsızlığını <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Sovyetler Birliği">Sovyet</a> hükûmeti sayesinde kazanmasına rağmen Polonya Ukrayna ve <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> topraklarına saldırıya geçti. Böylece <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Sovyetler Birliği">SSCB</a>-Polonya Savaşı (1919-1921) başladı. Batılı devletlerce desteklenen Polonya, <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1l_Ordu" title="Kızıl Ordu">Kızıl Ordu</a>'yu yendi ve 1921'de <a href="/wiki/Riga_Antla%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1_(1921)" title="Riga Antlaşması (1921)">Riga Antlaşması</a>'yla doğu sınırını da çizdi. </p> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Sovyet-Polonya_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Sovyet-Polonya Savaşı">Sovyet-Polonya Savaşı</a></div> <p>Polonya sanayi açısından çoğu Avrupa ülkesine göre daha geriydi. Bu nedenle yalnızca savaş yaralarını sarmakla kalmayıp yeni bir yönetim oluşturmak, eskiden üç parçaya ayrılmış olan ülkede birliği sağlamak ve bir sanayileşme programı uygulamak zorundaydı. 20 yıl sürecek bağımsızlık döneminde oldukça önemli adımlar atıldı. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="II._Dünya_Savaşı"><span id="II._D.C3.BCnya_Sava.C5.9F.C4.B1"></span>II. Dünya Savaşı</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: II. Dünya Savaşı" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit&section=4" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: II. Dünya Savaşı"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana maddeler: <a href="/wiki/Polonya_Seferi" title="Polonya Seferi">Polonya Seferi</a> ve <a href="/w/index.php?title=II._D%C3%BCnya_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1%27nda_Polonya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="II. Dünya Savaşı'nda Polonya (sayfa mevcut değil)">II. Dünya Savaşı'nda Polonya</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ayrıca bakınız: <a href="/wiki/Polonya%27da_Holokost" title="Polonya'da Holokost">Polonya'da Holokost</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Obrona_warszawy-1939-obrona_przeciwlotnicza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Obrona_warszawy-1939-obrona_przeciwlotnicza.jpg/200px-Obrona_warszawy-1939-obrona_przeciwlotnicza.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Obrona_warszawy-1939-obrona_przeciwlotnicza.jpg/300px-Obrona_warszawy-1939-obrona_przeciwlotnicza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Obrona_warszawy-1939-obrona_przeciwlotnicza.jpg/400px-Obrona_warszawy-1939-obrona_przeciwlotnicza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption>Varşova Savunması, <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Warsaw_Uprising_-_Prudential_Hit_-_frame_2a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Warsaw_Uprising_-_Prudential_Hit_-_frame_2a.jpg/250px-Warsaw_Uprising_-_Prudential_Hit_-_frame_2a.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Warsaw_Uprising_-_Prudential_Hit_-_frame_2a.jpg/375px-Warsaw_Uprising_-_Prudential_Hit_-_frame_2a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Warsaw_Uprising_-_Prudential_Hit_-_frame_2a.jpg/500px-Warsaw_Uprising_-_Prudential_Hit_-_frame_2a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>28 Ağustos 1944'te Prudential binasına 2 ton havan mermisinin çarpması, <a href="/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova" title="Varşova">Varşova</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova_ayaklanmas%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Varşova ayaklanması">Varşova ayaklanması</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Polonya, <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Sovyetler Birliği">SSCB</a> ile <a href="/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya">Almanya</a> arasındaki anlaşmazlıkların dışında kalacağını umuyordu. <a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa">Fransa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanya" title="Romanya">Romanya</a> ve <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ngiltere" title="İngiltere">İngiltere</a> ile savunma antlaşmaları yaparak olası bir savaştan uzak kalmaya çalıştı. Almanya ile de saldırmazlık paktı imzaladı. Savaş başlamadan önce Almanya ile <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Sovyetler Birliği">SSCB</a> 23 Ağustos 1939'da kendi aralarında bir saldırmazlık paktı imzaladılar. Alman birlikleri savaş ilan etmeden 1 Eylül 1939'da Polonya'yı istila etti.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Sovyetler Birliği">SSCB</a> de doğu illerine girdi. Polonya toprakları ikiye bölünerek Almanya ve <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Sovyetler Birliği">SSCB</a>'ye bağlandı. Bunun üzerine Paris'te bir Polonya sürgün hükûmeti kuruldu. Polonyalılar Fransızlarla beraber Almanlara karşı savaştılar. Sürgün hükûmeti daha sonra <a href="/wiki/Londra" title="Londra">Londra</a>'ya taşındı. Alman işgali altındaki Polonya'da çok sayıda Yahudi'nin yaşadığı gettolar kapatıldı. Polonya'da 1941'den itibaren büyük bir Yahudi soykırımı yaşanmaya başlandı. Chelmno, <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_Toplama_Kamp%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz Toplama Kampı">Auschwitz</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Treblinka_%C4%B0mha_Kamp%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Treblinka İmha Kampı">Treblinka</a> toplama kamplarında 3 milyon Yahudi öldürüldü. Alman orduları Polonya üzerinden <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Sovyetler Birliği">SSCB</a>'ye saldırıya geçti. Bunun üzerine <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Sovyetler Birliği">SSCB</a>, Polonya sürgün hükûmetini tanıdı ve Polonyalı savaş tutsaklarından bir ordu kurulmasını onayladı. Polonya'nın işgaliyle başlayan ülke çapındaki direniş hareketi savaş yılları boyunca giderek gelişti, 19 Nisan 1943'te <a href="/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova_Gettosu_Ayaklanmas%C4%B1" title="Varşova Gettosu Ayaklanması">Varşova Gettosu Ayaklanması</a> başladı. 1 Ağustos - 2 Ekim 1944 <a href="/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova_ayaklanmas%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Varşova ayaklanması">Varşova ayaklanması</a> başladı. İki ay süren çarpışmalar kentin yıkılması ve halkın toplama kamplarına sürülmesiyle sonuçlandı. Ayaklanma bastırıldıktan sonra Ocak 1945'te Kızıl Ordu <a href="/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova" title="Varşova">Varşova</a>'ya girdi. Mart 1945'te Alman işgali sona erdirildi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1945_Sonrası"><span id="1945_Sonras.C4.B1"></span>1945 Sonrası</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: 1945 Sonrası" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit&section=5" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: 1945 Sonrası"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Polonya_Halk_Cumhuriyeti" title="Polonya Halk Cumhuriyeti">Polonya Halk Cumhuriyeti</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Warsaw_Old_Town_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Warsaw_Old_Town_1945.jpg/250px-Warsaw_Old_Town_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Warsaw_Old_Town_1945.jpg/375px-Warsaw_Old_Town_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Warsaw_Old_Town_1945.jpg/500px-Warsaw_Old_Town_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2908" data-file-height="1673" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova" title="Varşova">Varşova</a>, <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a></figcaption></figure> <p>II. Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra Polonya Ulusal Birlik Hükûmeti, ABD ve İngiltere tarafından tanındı. <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Sovyetler Birliği">SSCB</a> ile de doğu sınırları konusunda anlaşmaya varıldı. Böylece Polonya bağımsız bir devlet olarak yeniden Avrupa haritasında yerini aldı. Ne var ki, yüzölçümü 1939 öncesine göre küçülmüştü; eski topraklarını Almanya'dan geri almasına karşılık, daha fazlasını <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Sovyetler Birliği">SSCB</a>'ye bırakmak zorunda kalmıştı. </p><p>Ulusal Birlik Hükûmeti'nin kurulmuş olmasına karşın, hepsi de savaş sırasında bağımsızlık mücadelesi vermiş çeşitli partiler arasında anlaşmazlık çıktı. Sonunda komünist <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_Bierut" title="Bolesław Bierut">Boleslaw Bierut</a> cumhurbaşkanı oldu. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Lech_Walesa_1980.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Lech_Walesa_1980.jpg/150px-Lech_Walesa_1980.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Lech_Walesa_1980.jpg/225px-Lech_Walesa_1980.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Lech_Walesa_1980.jpg/300px-Lech_Walesa_1980.jpg 2x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ülkede toprak reformu yapıldı ve büyük sanayi işletmeleri kamulaştırıldı. Hızla sanayileşme amacıyla planlar yapıldı ve ülke kaynakları bu amaca yönelik olarak kullanılmaya başlandı. Ama kilise, öğrenciler ve aydınlar özgürlüklerin kısıtlanmasından, mal kıtlığından ve gelirlerin yetersizliğinden şikayetçiydiler. 1956'da <a href="/wiki/Poznan" class="mw-redirect" title="Poznan">Poznan</a>'da başlayan genel grev bastırıldı. 1968'de aydınların ve öğrencilerin protestosu tüm üniversite kentlerine yayıldı. 1970'lerde ülke çapında işçi direnişleri başladı. Bu arada 1978'de Polonyalı <a href="/wiki/II._Ioannes_Paulus" title="II. Ioannes Paulus">Karol Vojtyla</a>, II. Johannes Paulas adıyla papa seçildi. Yeni papanın 1979'da Polonya'yı ziyareti sırasındaki karşılama törenleri yönetim karşıtı gösterilere dönüştü. 1980'de <a href="/wiki/Lech_Walesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Lech Walesa">Lech Walesa</a>'nın önderliğinde <a href="/wiki/Dayan%C4%B1%C5%9Fma_Sendikas%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayanışma Sendikası">Dayanışma Sendikası</a> kuruldu ve kısa sürede bir muhalefet odağı durumuna geldi. 1981'de General <a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Jaruzelski" class="mw-redirect" title="Wojciech Jaruzelski">Wojciech Jaruzelski</a> başkanlığında yeni bir hükûmet kuruldu. Aynı yılın Aralık ayında sıkıyönetim ilan edildi ve Dayanışma Sendikası kapatıldı. 1983'te sıkıyönetim kaldırıldı, 1985'te seçimler yapıldı. Jaruzelski yönetimi, <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Sovyetler Birliği">SSCB</a>'de ve öteki sosyalist ülkelerde yürürlüğe giren reformların da etkisiyle ülkede ekonomik ve toplumsal alanda önemli değişimlere yöneldi. Ama 1988'de yeni bir grev dalgası patlak verdi. Hükûmet ve Dayanışma önderlerinin aldığı ortak kararlar doğrultusunda Haziran 1989'da serbest seçimler yapıldı. 30 Ocak 1990'da komünist rejim yıkılarak demokratik sisteme geçildi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coğrafya"><span id="Co.C4.9Frafya"></span>Coğrafya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Coğrafya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit&section=6" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Coğrafya"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Poland_topo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Poland_topo.jpg/220px-Poland_topo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Poland_topo.jpg/330px-Poland_topo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Poland_topo.jpg/440px-Poland_topo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1364" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Topo%C4%9Frafya" title="Topoğrafya">Topografik</a> Polonya haritası</figcaption></figure> <p>Polonya, 312.722 km<sup>2</sup> (120.743 sq mi) idari alanı kaplar ve <a href="/wiki/Y%C3%BCz%C3%B6l%C3%A7%C3%BCmlerine_g%C3%B6re_Avrupa_%C3%BClkeleri_listesi" title="Yüzölçümlerine göre Avrupa ülkeleri listesi">Avrupa'nın dokuzuncu en büyük ülkesi</a>'dir. Ülke topraklarının yaklaşık 311.895 km<sup>2</sup> (120.423 sq mi) kadarı kara, 2.041 km<sup>2</sup> (788 sq mi) iç sular ve 8.783 km<sup>2</sup> (3.391 sq mi) karasularından oluşur.<sup id="cite_ref-Rocznik_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rocznik-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Topoğrafik olarak, Polonya'nın manzarası çeşitli <a href="/wiki/Yery%C3%BCz%C3%BC_%C5%9Fekli" title="Yeryüzü şekli">yeryüzü şekilleri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Su_bilimi" title="Su bilimi">su kütleleri</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem">ekosistemleri</a> ile tanımlanır.<sup id="cite_ref-auto5_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Balt%C4%B1k_Denizi" title="Baltık Denizi">Baltık Denizi</a> sınırındaki orta ve kuzey bölgesi düz <a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Avrupa_Ovas%C4%B1" title="Kuzey Avrupa Ovası">Orta Avrupa Ovası</a> içindedir ama güneyi <a href="/wiki/Tepe" title="Tepe">tepelik</a> ve ve <a href="/wiki/Da%C4%9F" title="Dağ">dağlıktır</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ortalama <a href="/wiki/Ortalama_deniz_seviyesinden_y%C3%BCkseklik" title="Ortalama deniz seviyesinden yükseklik">deniz seviyesinden yüksekliği</a> tahmini 173 metredir.<sup id="cite_ref-Rocznik_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rocznik-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ülkenin 770 km (480 mi) batısında Pomeranya Körfezi boyunca Baltık denizi kıyılarından doğuda <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_K%C3%B6rfezi" title="Gdańsk Körfezi">Gdańsk Körfezi</a>'ne kadar uzanan bir kıyı şeridi vardır.<sup id="cite_ref-Rocznik_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rocznik-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sahil şeridinde bol miktarda <a href="/wiki/Kumul" title="Kumul">kumullar</a> veya <a href="/wiki/Plaj_s%C4%B1rt%C4%B1" title="Plaj sırtı">kıyı sırtları</a> vardır. Sahil şeridi, Rusya ile paylaşılan <a href="/wiki/Hel_Yar%C4%B1madas%C4%B1" title="Hel Yarımadası">Hel Yarımadası</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Vist%C3%BCl_Lag%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Vistül Lagünü">Vistül Lagünü</a> olmak üzere <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1y%C4%B1_oku" title="Kıyı oku">kıyı okları</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Lag%C3%BCn" title="Lagün">lagünlerince</a> girintilidir.<sup id="cite_ref-BACC_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BACC-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baltık Denizi'ndeki en büyük Polonya adası, Wolin Ulusal Parkındaki Wolin'dir.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polonya ayrıca Szczecin lagününü ve <a href="/wiki/Usedom" title="Usedom">Usedom</a> adasını Almanya ile paylaşır.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siyaset">Siyaset</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Siyaset" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit&section=7" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Siyaset"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-size:80%"> <div role="img" class="floatleft noresize" style="width: 300px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/000_Polonia_harta.PNG/300px-000_Polonia_harta.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/000_Polonia_harta.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="328" data-file-height="353" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:180px; top:155.000005px"><big><b><a href="/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova" title="Varşova"><span style="color: #000000;">Varşova</span></a></b></big></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:113.000004px; top:247.6px"><a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice"><span style="color: #000000;">Katowice</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:46.999998px; top:127px"><big><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań"><span style="color: #000000;">Poznań</span></a></big></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:105px; top:230.000005px"><a href="/wiki/Gliwice" title="Gliwice"><span style="color: #000000;">Gliwice</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:81px; top:91px"><big><a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz" title="Bydgoszcz"><span style="color: #000000;">Bydgoszcz</span></a></big></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:103.000002px; top:52px"><big><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk"><span style="color: #000000;">Gdańsk</span></a></big></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:63.999999px; top:189.00001px"><big><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław"><span style="color: #000000;">Wrocław</span></a></big></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:51.999999px; top:51.000001px"><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg"><span style="color: #000000;">Kołobrzeg</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:14.000001px; top:94px"><big><a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin"><span style="color: #000000;">Szczecin</span></a></big></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:14.000001px; top:61px"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awinouj%C5%9Bcie" title="Świnoujście"><span style="color: #000000;">Świnoujście</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:36.999999px; top:146.999995px"><i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Polonya" title="Büyük Polonya"><span style="color: #000000;">B Ü Y Ü K <br /> P O L O N Y A</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:165.99999px; top:227.000008px"><i><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_Polonya" title="Küçük Polonya"><span style="color: #000000;">K Ü Ç Ü K <br /> P O L O N Y A</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:39px; top:175px"><a href="/wiki/Oder_Nehri" title="Oder Nehri"><span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;"><i>Oder</i></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:144px; top:139px"><a href="/wiki/Vist%C3%BCl" title="Vistül"><span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;"><i>Vistül</i></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:180px; top:288.00001px"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rysy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rysy (sayfa mevcut değil)"><span style="color: #000000;">Rysy</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:14.000001px; top:311.00002px"><a href="/wiki/Avusturya" title="Avusturya"><span style="color: #000000;"><b>Avus.</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:124.000002px; top:302.99998px"><a href="/wiki/Slovakya" title="Slovakya"><span style="color: #000000;"><b>SLOVAKYA</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:279px; top:254.5px"><a href="/wiki/Ukrayna" title="Ukrayna"><span style="color: #000000;"><b>U<br />K<br />R<br />A<br />Y<br />N<br />A</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:3px; top:127px"><a href="/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya"><span style="color: #000000;"><b>A<br />L<br />M<br />A<br />N<br />Y<br />A</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:285px; top:95.999998px"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><span style="color: #000000;"><b>B<br />E<br />L<br />A<br />R<br />U<br />S</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:81.999996px; top:213.00001px"><i><a href="/wiki/Silezya" title="Silezya"><span style="color: #000000;">S İ L E Z Y A</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:165.99999px; top:255.000001px"><big><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków"><span style="color: #000000;">Kraków</span></a></big></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:218.000001px; top:253.999999px"><a href="/wiki/Rzesz%C3%B3w" title="Rzeszów"><span style="color: #000000;">Rzeszów</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:201px; top:193px"><a href="/wiki/Radom" title="Radom"><span style="color: #000000;">Radom</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:74.000004px; top:8.0000005px"><a href="/wiki/Balt%C4%B1k_Denizi" title="Baltık Denizi"><span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;">Baltık<br />Denizi</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:165px; top:127px"><i><a href="/wiki/Mazovya" title="Mazovya"><span style="color: #000000;">M A Z O V Y A</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:49.000002px; top:70.999996px"><i><a href="/wiki/Pomeranya" title="Pomeranya"><span style="color: #000000;">P O M E R A N Y A</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:99.999996px; top:114.000001px"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuyavya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuyavya (sayfa mevcut değil)"><span style="color: #000000;">K U Y A V Y A</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:18px; top:256px"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya"><span style="color: #000000;"><b>ÇEKYA</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:259.999998px; top:20.9999992px"><a href="/wiki/Litvanya" title="Litvanya"><span style="color: #000000;"><b>Litv.</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:192px; top:26.5px"><a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya"><span style="color: #000000;"><b>RUSYA</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:243px; top:199px"><big><a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin"><span style="color: #000000;">Lublin</span></a></big></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:218.000001px; top:95.999998px"><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok"><span style="color: #000000;">Białystok</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:113.000004px; top:30.000001px"><a href="/wiki/Gdynia" title="Gdynia"><span style="color: #000000;">Gdynia</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:131.000004px; top:203.999995px"><a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa" title="Częstochowa"><span style="color: #000000;">Częstochowa</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:134.000001px; top:178px"><big><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź"><span style="color: #000000;">Łódź</span></a></big></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:87px; top:38.000002px"><a href="/wiki/Ustka" title="Ustka"><span style="color: #000000;">Ustka</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:189.99999px; top:72.000001px"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazurya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazurya (sayfa mevcut değil)"><span style="color: #000000;">M A Z U R Y A</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:150.99999px; top:57.000001px"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raczki_Elbl%C4%85skie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raczki Elbląskie (sayfa mevcut değil)"><span style="color: #000000;">Raczki<br />Elbląskie</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:10.0000005px; top:17.9999998px"><a href="/wiki/Bornholm" title="Bornholm"><span style="color: #000000;">Bornholm</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:12.999999px; top:28px"><a href="/wiki/Danimarka" title="Danimarka"><span style="color: #000000;"><b>(Dan.)</b></span></a></div> </div></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Polonya%27da_siyaset" title="Polonya'da siyaset">Polonya'da siyaset</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ayrıca bakınız: <a href="/wiki/Polonya_Anayasas%C4%B1" title="Polonya Anayasası">Polonya Anayasası</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polonya_cumhurba%C5%9Fkan%C4%B1" title="Polonya cumhurbaşkanı">Polonya cumhurbaşkanı</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polonya_ba%C5%9Fbakan%C4%B1" title="Polonya başbakanı">Polonya başbakanı</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Polonya_Parlamentosu" title="Polonya Parlamentosu">Polonya Parlamentosu</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ayrıca bakınız: <a href="/wiki/Polonya%27da_LGBT_haklar%C4%B1" title="Polonya'da LGBT hakları">Polonya'da LGBT hakları</a></div> <p>Yönetim şekli <a href="/wiki/Cumhuriyet" title="Cumhuriyet">cumhuriyettir</a>. Cumhuriyetin ilan ediliş tarihi 11 Kasım 1918'dir. Cumhurbaşkanı <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Duda" title="Andrzej Duda">Andrzej Duda</a>, 6 Ağustos 2015'te göreve gelmiştir. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Poland-00741_-_Palace_Prezydencki_(31071435322).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Poland-00741_-_Palace_Prezydencki_%2831071435322%29.jpg/220px-Poland-00741_-_Palace_Prezydencki_%2831071435322%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Poland-00741_-_Palace_Prezydencki_%2831071435322%29.jpg/330px-Poland-00741_-_Palace_Prezydencki_%2831071435322%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Poland-00741_-_Palace_Prezydencki_%2831071435322%29.jpg/440px-Poland-00741_-_Palace_Prezydencki_%2831071435322%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Devlet Sarayı, <a href="/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova" title="Varşova">Varşova</a></figcaption></figure> <p>10 Nisan 2010 da Polonya Cumhurbaşkanı <a href="/wiki/Lech_Kaczy%C5%84ski" title="Lech Kaczyński">Lech Kaczyński</a> ve beraberindeki heyeti taşıyan <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154">Tu-154</a>M tipi uçak aşırı sisli havada iniş yapmaya <a href="/wiki/2010_Polonya_Hava_Kuvvetleri_Tu-154_kazas%C4%B1" title="2010 Polonya Hava Kuvvetleri Tu-154 kazası">çalışırken düşmüş</a> ve kurtulan olmamıştır. <a href="/wiki/Polonya_ba%C5%9Fbakan%C4%B1" title="Polonya başbakanı">Polonya Başbakanı</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devlet_ba%C5%9Fkan%C4%B1" title="Devlet başkanı">Devlet Başkanı</a> Lech Kaczynski'yi taşıyan uçağın <a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a>'da düşmesinin, "Polonya'nın savaş sonrası tarihinin en trajik olayı olduğunu" söylemiştir. Düşen uçaktaki Polonya heyetinde Kaczynkski ile eşi <a href="/wiki/Maria_Kaczy%C5%84ska" title="Maria Kaczyńska">Maria'nın</a> yanı sıra Genelkurmay Başkanı Franciszek Gagor, Merkez Bankası Başkanı Slawir Skrzypek, Dışişleri Bakan Yardımcısı Andrej Kremer, Polonya'nın sürgündeki son Devlet Başkanı <a href="/wiki/Ryszard_Kaczorowski" title="Ryszard Kaczorowski">Ryszard Kaczorowski</a>, Ulusal Güvenlik Bölümü Başkanı Aleksander Szczyglo, Devlet Başkan Yardımcıları Pawel Wypch ile Mariusz Handzlik, Parlamento Başkan Yardımcısı Jerzego Szmajdzinski gibi üst düzey devlet görevlileri yer alıyordu. </p><p>Sözleri J. Wybicki tarafından yazılıp M. Oginski tarafından bestelenmiş olan "<a href="/wiki/Mazurek_D%C4%85browskiego" title="Mazurek Dąbrowskiego">Dabrowski'nin Mazurkası</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Jeszcze_Polska_nie_zginela" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeszcze Polska nie zginela">Jeszcze Polska nie zginela</a>" (Polonya Daha Ölmedi) marşı, Polonya'nın ulusal marşıdır. Ulusal simgesi Beyaz Kartal'dır. Ulusal rengi kırmızı ve beyazdır. Polonya'nın bir sloganı "Polonya Aile Cumhuriyeti"dir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voyvodalıkları"><span id="Voyvodal.C4.B1klar.C4.B1"></span>Voyvodalıkları</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Voyvodalıkları" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit&section=8" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Voyvodalıkları"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Polonya%27n%C4%B1n_voyvodal%C4%B1klar%C4%B1" title="Polonya'nın voyvodalıkları">Polonya'nın voyvodalıkları</a></div> <p>1 Ocak 1999 tarihinde yapılan idari reformla, daha önce 49 idari bölgeye ayrılmış Polonya, bu sayıyı 16 idari bölgeye düşürmüştür. Bu iller <a href="/wiki/Wroclaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Wroclaw">Wroclaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz" title="Bydgoszcz">Bydgoszcz</a>/<a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Toruń</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorz%C3%B3w_Wielkopolski" title="Gorzów Wielkopolski">Gorzów Wielkopolski</a>/<a href="/wiki/Zielona_G%C3%B3ra" title="Zielona Góra">Zielona Góra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, <a href="/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova" title="Varşova">Varşova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opole" title="Opole">Opole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rzesz%C3%B3w" title="Rzeszów">Rzeszów</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice">Katowice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kielce" title="Kielce">Kielce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olsztyn" title="Olsztyn">Olsztyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a>'dir. </p> <div role="img" class="floatleft noresize" style="width: 400px; padding: 15px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Poland_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Poland_adm_location_map.svg/400px-Poland_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="389" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Poland_adm_location_map.svg/600px-Poland_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Poland_adm_location_map.svg/800px-Poland_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="861" data-file-height="837" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:142px; top:56.4px"><a href="/wiki/Pomeranya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomeranya Voyvodalığı">Pomeranya</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:46px; top:92px"><a href="/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Pomeranya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Batı Pomeranya Voyvodalığı">Batı</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Pomeranya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Batı Pomeranya Voyvodalığı">Pomeranya</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:238px; top:80px"><a href="/wiki/Varmiya-Mazurya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Varmiya-Mazurya Voyvodalığı">Varmiya-<br />Mazurya</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:326px; top:120px"><a href="/wiki/Podlakya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Podlakya Voyvodalığı">Podlakya</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:261.2px; top:164px"><a href="/wiki/Mazovya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazovya Voyvodalığı">Mazovya</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:158px; top:124px"><a href="/wiki/Kuyavya-Pomeranya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuyavya-Pomeranya Voyvodalığı">Kuyavya</a>-<br /><a href="/wiki/Kuyavya-Pomeranya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuyavya-Pomeranya Voyvodalığı">Pomeranya</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:106px; top:180px"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Polonya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Büyük Polonya Voyvodalığı">Büyük</a><br /><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Polonya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Büyük Polonya Voyvodalığı">Polonya</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:54px; top:184px"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Polonya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Büyük Polonya Voyvodalığı">Lubusz</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:74px; top:240px"><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Fa%C4%9F%C4%B1_Silezya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Aşağı Silezya Voyvodalığı">Aşağı</a><br /><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Fa%C4%9F%C4%B1_Silezya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Aşağı Silezya Voyvodalığı">Silezya</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:214px; top:216.8px"><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Łódź Voyvodalığı">Łódź</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:154px; top:272px"><a href="/wiki/Opole_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Opole Voyvodalığı">Opole</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:338px; top:232px"><a href="/wiki/Lublin_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Lublin Voyvodalığı">Lublin</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:242px; top:320px"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_Polonya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Küçük Polonya Voyvodalığı">Küçük<br />Polonya</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:294px; top:312px"><a href="/wiki/Alt_Karpatya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Alt Karpatya Voyvodalığı">Alt<br />Karpatya</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:250px; top:268px"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99tokrzyskie_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Świętokrzyskie Voyvodalığı">Świętokrzyskie</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:186px; top:292px"><a href="/wiki/Silezya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Silezya Voyvodalığı">Silezya</a></div><div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:270px; top:36px"><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast%C4%B1" title="Kaliningrad Oblastı"><i style="color:#48A3B5">Kaliningrad<br />(Rusya)</i></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:360px; top:32px"><a href="/wiki/Litvanya" title="Litvanya"><i style="color:#48A3B5">Litvanya</i></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:370px; top:180px"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><i style="color:#48A3B5">Belarus</i></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:366px; top:344px"><a href="/wiki/Ukrayna" title="Ukrayna"><i style="color:#48A3B5">Ukrayna</i></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:202px; top:382px"><a href="/wiki/Slovakya" title="Slovakya"><i style="color:#48A3B5;">Slovakya</i></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:42px; top:336px"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya"><i style="color:#48A3B5;">Çekya</i></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:14px; top:220px"><a href="/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya"><i style="color:#48A3B5;">Almanya</i></a></div><div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:74px; top:32px"><a href="/wiki/Balt%C4%B1k_Denizi" title="Baltık Denizi"><i style="color:#48A3B5">Baltık Denizi</i></a></div> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Adı</th> <th>Merkez </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag.svg/22px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag.svg/33px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag.svg/44px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Fa%C4%9F%C4%B1_Silezya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Aşağı Silezya Voyvodalığı">Aşağı Silezya</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_kujawsko-pomorskie_flag.svg/22px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_kujawsko-pomorskie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_kujawsko-pomorskie_flag.svg/33px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_kujawsko-pomorskie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_kujawsko-pomorskie_flag.svg/44px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_kujawsko-pomorskie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kuyavya-Pomeranya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuyavya-Pomeranya Voyvodalığı">Kuyavya-Pomeranya</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz" title="Bydgoszcz">Bydgoszcz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Toruń</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubelskie_flag.svg/22px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubelskie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubelskie_flag.svg/33px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubelskie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubelskie_flag.svg/44px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubelskie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lublin_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Lublin Voyvodalığı">Lublin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubuskie_flag.svg/22px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubuskie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubuskie_flag.svg/33px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubuskie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubuskie_flag.svg/44px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubuskie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lubusz_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Lubusz Voyvodalığı">Lubusz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gorz%C3%B3w_Wielkopolski" title="Gorzów Wielkopolski">Gorzów Wielkopolski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zielona_G%C3%B3ra" title="Zielona Góra">Zielona Góra</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%82%C3%B3dzkie_1_flag.svg/22px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%82%C3%B3dzkie_1_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%82%C3%B3dzkie_1_flag.svg/33px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%82%C3%B3dzkie_1_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%82%C3%B3dzkie_1_flag.svg/44px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%82%C3%B3dzkie_1_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Łódź Voyvodalığı">Łódź</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_ma%C5%82opolskie_flag.svg/22px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_ma%C5%82opolskie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_ma%C5%82opolskie_flag.svg/33px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_ma%C5%82opolskie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_ma%C5%82opolskie_flag.svg/44px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_ma%C5%82opolskie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_Polonya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Küçük Polonya Voyvodalığı">Küçük Polonya</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_mazowieckie_flag.svg/22px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_mazowieckie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_mazowieckie_flag.svg/33px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_mazowieckie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_mazowieckie_flag.svg/44px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_mazowieckie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mazovya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazovya Voyvodalığı">Mazovya</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova" title="Varşova">Varşova</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_opolskie_flag.svg/22px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_opolskie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_opolskie_flag.svg/33px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_opolskie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_opolskie_flag.svg/44px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_opolskie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Opole_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Opole Voyvodalığı">Opole</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Opole" title="Opole">Opole</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podkarpackie_flag.svg/22px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podkarpackie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podkarpackie_flag.svg/33px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podkarpackie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podkarpackie_flag.svg/44px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podkarpackie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alt_Karpatya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Alt Karpatya Voyvodalığı">Alt Karpatya</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rzesz%C3%B3w" title="Rzeszów">Rzeszów</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podlaskie_flag.svg/22px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podlaskie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podlaskie_flag.svg/33px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podlaskie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podlaskie_flag.svg/44px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_podlaskie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Podlakya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Podlakya Voyvodalığı">Podlakya</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_pomorskie_flag.svg/22px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_pomorskie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_pomorskie_flag.svg/33px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_pomorskie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_pomorskie_flag.svg/44px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_pomorskie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="469" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pomeranya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomeranya Voyvodalığı">Pomeranya</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag.svg/22px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag.svg/33px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag.svg/44px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Silezya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Silezya Voyvodalığı">Silezya</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice">Katowice</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%9Bwi%C4%99tokrzyskie_flag.svg/22px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%9Bwi%C4%99tokrzyskie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%9Bwi%C4%99tokrzyskie_flag.svg/33px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%9Bwi%C4%99tokrzyskie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%9Bwi%C4%99tokrzyskie_flag.svg/44px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%9Bwi%C4%99tokrzyskie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="571" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99tokrzyskie_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Świętokrzyskie Voyvodalığı">Świętokrzyskie</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kielce" title="Kielce">Kielce</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_warmi%C5%84sko-mazurskie_flag.svg/22px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_warmi%C5%84sko-mazurskie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_warmi%C5%84sko-mazurskie_flag.svg/33px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_warmi%C5%84sko-mazurskie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_warmi%C5%84sko-mazurskie_flag.svg/44px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_warmi%C5%84sko-mazurskie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Varmiya-Mazurya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Varmiya-Mazurya Voyvodalığı">Varmiya-Mazurya</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Olsztyn" title="Olsztyn">Olsztyn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_wielkopolskie_flag.svg/22px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_wielkopolskie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_wielkopolskie_flag.svg/33px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_wielkopolskie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_wielkopolskie_flag.svg/44px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_wielkopolskie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="481" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Polonya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Büyük Polonya Voyvodalığı">Büyük Polonya</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_zachodniopomorskie_flag.svg/22px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_zachodniopomorskie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_zachodniopomorskie_flag.svg/33px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_zachodniopomorskie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_zachodniopomorskie_flag.svg/44px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_zachodniopomorskie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="812" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Pomeranya_Voyvodal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Batı Pomeranya Voyvodalığı">Batı Pomeranya</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="small"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Ekonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit&section=9" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Ekonomi"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Polonya_ekonomisi" title="Polonya ekonomisi">Polonya ekonomisi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:POL.Gdynia.SeaTowers.DarPomorza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/POL.Gdynia.SeaTowers.DarPomorza.jpg/300px-POL.Gdynia.SeaTowers.DarPomorza.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/POL.Gdynia.SeaTowers.DarPomorza.jpg/450px-POL.Gdynia.SeaTowers.DarPomorza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/POL.Gdynia.SeaTowers.DarPomorza.jpg/600px-POL.Gdynia.SeaTowers.DarPomorza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1705" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gdynia" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="infobox" style="font-size: 90%; border: 1px solid #999; width: 325px;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#f5f5f5"> <th colspan="3"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Aleja_Niepdleglosci_Warsaw_2022_aerial_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Aleja_Niepdleglosci_Warsaw_2022_aerial_%28cropped%29.jpg/310px-Aleja_Niepdleglosci_Warsaw_2022_aerial_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Aleja_Niepdleglosci_Warsaw_2022_aerial_%28cropped%29.jpg/465px-Aleja_Niepdleglosci_Warsaw_2022_aerial_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Aleja_Niepdleglosci_Warsaw_2022_aerial_%28cropped%29.jpg/620px-Aleja_Niepdleglosci_Warsaw_2022_aerial_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1870" data-file-height="1086" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><hr /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Ekonomik göstergeler</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gayri_Safi_Yurti%C3%A7i_Has%C4%B1la" class="mw-redirect" title="Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla">GSYİH (SAGP)</a></td> <td>1.599 trilyon $ <small>(2022)</small></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOPL_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOPL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nominal <a href="/wiki/Gayri_Safi_Yurti%C3%A7i_Has%C4%B1la" class="mw-redirect" title="Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla">GSYİH</a></td> <td>716 milyar $ <small>(2022)</small></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOPL_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOPL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reel GSYİH büyümesi</td> <td>%4,5 <small>(2019)</small></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCketici_fiyat_endeksi" title="Tüketici fiyat endeksi">TÜFE</a> enflasyon</td> <td>%2,2 <small>(2019)</small></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Fan_say%C4%B1s%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_n%C3%BCfusa_oran%C4%B1" title="Çalışan sayısının nüfusa oranı">Çalışan sayısının nüfusa oranı</a></td> <td>%55 <small>(2019)</small></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9Fsizlik" title="İşsizlik">İşsizlik</a></td> <td>%2,9 <small>(2021)</small></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Devlet_borcu" title="Devlet borcu">Toplam kamu borcu</a></td> <td>274 milyar $ <small>(2019)</small></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>1990'ların başından beri istikrarlı bir ekonomik liberalizasyon politikası izleyen Polonya, geçiş süreci ekonomileri arasında bir başarı örneği olarak öne çıkmaktadır. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Szko%C5%82a_Edukacji_PAFW_i_UW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Szko%C5%82a_Edukacji_PAFW_i_UW.jpg/200px-Szko%C5%82a_Edukacji_PAFW_i_UW.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Szko%C5%82a_Edukacji_PAFW_i_UW.jpg/300px-Szko%C5%82a_Edukacji_PAFW_i_UW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Szko%C5%82a_Edukacji_PAFW_i_UW.jpg/400px-Szko%C5%82a_Edukacji_PAFW_i_UW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3459" data-file-height="2481" /></a><figcaption>Yeni Teknolojilerin Merkezi, <a href="/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova" title="Varşova">Varşova</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Devletin sahibi olduğu küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmelerin özelleştirilmesi, yeni <a href="/wiki/Firma" class="mw-redirect" title="Firma">firma</a>'ların kuruluşunu düzenleyen liberal bir yasanın kabul edilmesi özel sektörün gelişimini teşvik etse de, süregelen yolsuzluklara ilaveten yasal ve bürokratik engellerin bulunması özel sektörün daha da gelişmesini baltalamaktadır. <a href="/wiki/Tar%C4%B1m" title="Tarım">Tarım sektörü</a>, işçi fazlası, verimsiz küçük tarlalar ve yatırım eksikliği nedeniyle gelişememektedir. <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6m%C3%BCr" title="Kömür">Kömür</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%87elik" title="Çelik">çelik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demiryollar%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Demiryolları">demiryolları</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Enerji" title="Enerji">enerji</a> gibi "hassas sektörlerin" yeniden yapılandırılması ve özelleştirilmesi süreci başlatılsa da bu süreç yavaş işlemektedir. <a href="/wiki/Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k" title="Sağlık">Sağlık</a>, <a href="/wiki/E%C4%9Fitim" title="Eğitim">eğitim</a>, emeklilik sistemi ve devlet yönetiminde yapılan reformlar devlet bütçesine beklenenden daha fazla yük getirmiştir. </p><p>Kamu maliyesinin gelişimi kamu iktisadi teşekküllerinden kaynaklanan kayıpların azaltılmasına, kayıt dışı ekonominin kayıt altına alınmasına ve vergi reformu gerçekleştirilmesine bağlı gözükmektedir. Polonya Hükûmeti, 2004 yılında kamu harcamalarını 2007 yılına kadar yaklaşık olarak 17 milyar <a href="/wiki/Amerikan_dolar%C4%B1" title="Amerikan doları">Amerikan doları</a> azaltmaya yönelik bir ekonomik paket yürürlüğe koymuştur. </p><p>Polonya 2004 yılı Mayıs ayında <a href="/wiki/Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Avrupa Birliği">Avrupa Birliği</a>'ne (AB) üye olmuştur. 2004 yılında Polonya'nın <a href="/wiki/Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Avrupa Birliği">Avrupa Birliği</a> ülkelerine olan ihracatında yaşanan artış ülkenin büyümesine katkıda bulunmuştur. Polonya 2006 yılına kadar AB fonlarından yaklaşık olarak 13.5 milyar ABD Doları katkı sağlayacaktır. </p><p>Polonya ekonomisi ve <a href="/wiki/Gayri_Safi_Yurti%C3%A7i_Has%C4%B1la" class="mw-redirect" title="Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla">Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla</a> (GSYİH) halen <a href="/wiki/Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi_Ekonomisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Avrupa Birliği Ekonomisi">nominal standartlar</a> açısından Avrupa Birliği'nde altıncı en büyüğü ve <a href="/w/index.php?title=GSY%C4%B0H_(PPP)%27ye_g%C3%B6re_Avrupa%27daki_egemen_devletlerin_ve_ba%C4%9F%C4%B1ml%C4%B1_b%C3%B6lgelerin_listesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GSYİH (PPP)'ye göre Avrupa'daki egemen devletlerin ve bağımlı bölgelerin listesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">satın alma gücü paritesi</a> açısından beşinci en büyüğüdür. Aynı zamanda Birlik içinde en hızlı büyüyenlerden biridir.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> İstihdam edilen nüfusun yaklaşık %60'ı ekonominin üçüncül <a href="/wiki/%C3%9C%C3%A7%C3%BCnc%C3%BCl_sekt%C3%B6r" title="Üçüncül sektör">hizmet sektörü</a>'nde, %30'u sanayi ve imalat sektöründe ve geri kalan %10'u <a href="/wiki/Tar%C4%B1m" title="Tarım">tarım</a> sektöründedir.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polonya AB'nin <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0%C3%A7_pazar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İç pazar (sayfa mevcut değil)">tek pazar</a> üyesi olmasına rağmen, ülke <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a>'yu yasal ödeme aracı olarak benimsemedi ve kendi para birimini– <a href="/wiki/Polonya_zlotisi" title="Polonya zlotisi">Polonya zlotisi</a> (zł, PLN) korur. </p><p>Polonya, bölgedeki en büyük 500 şirketin yaklaşık yüzde 40'ının (gelirlere göre) yanı sıra <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%BCreselle%C5%9Fme_endeksi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Küreselleşme endeksi (sayfa mevcut değil)">yüksek küreselleşme oranı</a> ile <a href="/wiki/Orta_Avrupa" title="Orta Avrupa">Orta Avrupa</a>'da bölgesel ekonomik liderdir.<sup id="cite_ref-Polish_economy_seen_as_stable_and_competitive_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polish_economy_seen_as_stable_and_competitive-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ülkenin en büyük firmaları, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Var%C5%9Fova_Menkul_K%C4%B1ymetler_Borsas%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varşova Menkul Kıymetler Borsası (sayfa mevcut değil)">Varşova Menkul Kıymetler Borsası</a>'nda işlem gören <a href="/w/index.php?title=WIG20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WIG20 (sayfa mevcut değil)">WIG20</a> ve <a href="/w/index.php?title=WIG30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WIG30 (sayfa mevcut değil)">WIG30</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borsa_endeksi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borsa endeksi (sayfa mevcut değil)">endeksleri</a>'ni oluşturur. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya_Ulusal_Bankas%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polonya Ulusal Bankası (sayfa mevcut değil)">Polonya Ulusal Bankası</a> tarafından yapılan raporlara göre, Polonya'nın doğrudan yabancı yatırımlarının değeri 2014 sonunda yaklaşık 300 milyar <a href="/wiki/Polonya_zlotisi" title="Polonya zlotisi">PLN</a>'ye ulaştı. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merkez_%C4%B0statistik_Ofisi_(Polonya)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merkez İstatistik Ofisi (Polonya) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Merkezi İstatistik Ofisi</a>, 2014 yılında 3,194 yabancı kuruluşta hissesi olan 1,437 Polonyalı şirket olduğunu tahmin etmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Güçlü bir iç pazarı, düşük özel borcu, düşük işsizlik oranı, esnek para birimi ve tek bir ihracat sektörüne bağımlı olmayan Polonya, <a href="/wiki/2008-2012_K%C3%BCresel_Ekonomik_Kriz" title="2008-2012 Küresel Ekonomik Kriz">2008 durgunluğu</a>'ndan kurtulan tek Avrupa ekonomisidir.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Global_Competitiveness_Report_2010–2011_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Global_Competitiveness_Report_2010–2011-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ülke, dünyadaki mal ve hizmet <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Clkelere_g%C3%B6re_ihracat_rakamlar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Ülkelere göre ihracat rakamları listesi">20. en büyük ihracatçı</a>'dır ve en başarılı ihracatı makine, mobilya, gıda ürünleri, giyim, ayakkabı, kozmetik ve video oyunlarını içerir.<sup id="cite_ref-auto7_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto7-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mal ve hizmet ihracatı, 2020 itibarıyla GSYİH'nın yaklaşık %56'sı değerindedir.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polonya'nın en büyük ticaret ortakları Almanya, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Birleşik Krallık, Fransa ve İtalya'dır.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eylül 2018'de işsizlik oranı, <a href="/wiki/Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Avrupa Birliği">Avrupa Birliği</a>'ndeki en düşük oranlardan biri olan %5,7 olarak tahmin edildi.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2019'da Polonya, 26 yaşın altındaki işçileri <a href="/wiki/Gelir_vergisi" title="Gelir vergisi">gelir vergisi</a>'nden muaf tutan bir yasa çıkardı.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Gie%C5%82da_Papier%C3%B3w_Warto%C5%9Bciowych_w_Warszawie_ul._Ksi%C4%85%C5%BC%C4%99ca_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gie%C5%82da_Papier%C3%B3w_Warto%C5%9Bciowych_w_Warszawie_ul._Ksi%C4%85%C5%BC%C4%99ca_2020.jpg/220px-Gie%C5%82da_Papier%C3%B3w_Warto%C5%9Bciowych_w_Warszawie_ul._Ksi%C4%85%C5%BC%C4%99ca_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gie%C5%82da_Papier%C3%B3w_Warto%C5%9Bciowych_w_Warszawie_ul._Ksi%C4%85%C5%BC%C4%99ca_2020.jpg/330px-Gie%C5%82da_Papier%C3%B3w_Warto%C5%9Bciowych_w_Warszawie_ul._Ksi%C4%85%C5%BC%C4%99ca_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gie%C5%82da_Papier%C3%B3w_Warto%C5%9Bciowych_w_Warszawie_ul._Ksi%C4%85%C5%BC%C4%99ca_2020.jpg/440px-Gie%C5%82da_Papier%C3%B3w_Warto%C5%9Bciowych_w_Warszawie_ul._Ksi%C4%85%C5%BC%C4%99ca_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2927" data-file-height="2154" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Var%C5%9Fova_Menkul_K%C4%B1ymetler_Borsas%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varşova Menkul Kıymetler Borsası (sayfa mevcut değil)">Varşova Menkul Kıymetler Borsası</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Do%C4%9Fu-Orta_Avrupa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doğu-Orta Avrupa (sayfa mevcut değil)">Doğu-Orta Avrupa</a>'daki piyasa değeri bakımından en büyük borsadır.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sanayi_ve_Enerji">Sanayi ve Enerji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Sanayi ve Enerji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit&section=10" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Sanayi ve Enerji"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:ED161-004,_Trako_2015,_2015-09-25_(Muri_WG_2015-34).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/ED161-004%2C_Trako_2015%2C_2015-09-25_%28Muri_WG_2015-34%29.jpg/300px-ED161-004%2C_Trako_2015%2C_2015-09-25_%28Muri_WG_2015-34%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/ED161-004%2C_Trako_2015%2C_2015-09-25_%28Muri_WG_2015-34%29.jpg/450px-ED161-004%2C_Trako_2015%2C_2015-09-25_%28Muri_WG_2015-34%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/ED161-004%2C_Trako_2015%2C_2015-09-25_%28Muri_WG_2015-34%29.jpg/600px-ED161-004%2C_Trako_2015%2C_2015-09-25_%28Muri_WG_2015-34%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=PESA_Dart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PESA Dart (sayfa mevcut değil)">PESA Dart</a> - <i>PS PESA <a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz" title="Bydgoszcz">Bydgoszcz</a> SA</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Polonya yeraltı kaynakları zengin bir ülkedir. <a href="/wiki/Yukar%C4%B1_Silezya" title="Yukarı Silezya">Yukarı</a> ve <a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Fa%C4%9F%C4%B1_Silezya" title="Aşağı Silezya">Aşağı Silezya</a>'da taşkömürü çıkartılır. Güneydoğuda kükürt, <a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice">Katowice</a>'de çinko ve kurşun yatakları vardır. Ayrıca linyit, kayatuzu, doğal gaz ve bakır elde edilir. Petrol ve demir gereksinimini büyük ölçüde dış ülkelerden sağlayan Polonya gelişkin bir sanayi ülkesidir. </p><p>Demir-çelik, makine, ulaşım araçları, kimyasal maddeler, pamuklu dokuma, kâğıt, metal ürünler ve elektrikli ev aygıtları üretilir. Ormanlardan elde edilen yumuşak odunlu kereste dış ülkelere ihraç edilir. <a href="/wiki/Gdansk" class="mw-redirect" title="Gdansk">Gdansk</a>'ta gemi yapım ve onarım tesisleri vardır. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tarım"><span id="Tar.C4.B1m"></span>Tarım</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Tarım" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit&section=11" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Tarım"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Topraklarının yarıya yakını ekime elverişli olan Polonya'da patates, şekerpancarı, çavdar, buğday, arpa üretilir; domuz ve sığır yetiştirilir. Balıkçılık da ülke ekonomisine büyük katkı sağlar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ulaşım"><span id="Ula.C5.9F.C4.B1m"></span>Ulaşım</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Ulaşım" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit&section=12" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Ulaşım"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:WK15_Wroc%C5%82aw_G%C5%82%C3%B3wny_(2)_Lichen99.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/WK15_Wroc%C5%82aw_G%C5%82%C3%B3wny_%282%29_Lichen99.jpg/220px-WK15_Wroc%C5%82aw_G%C5%82%C3%B3wny_%282%29_Lichen99.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/WK15_Wroc%C5%82aw_G%C5%82%C3%B3wny_%282%29_Lichen99.jpg/330px-WK15_Wroc%C5%82aw_G%C5%82%C3%B3wny_%282%29_Lichen99.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/WK15_Wroc%C5%82aw_G%C5%82%C3%B3wny_%282%29_Lichen99.jpg/440px-WK15_Wroc%C5%82aw_G%C5%82%C3%B3wny_%282%29_Lichen99.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wroc%C5%82aw_G%C5%82%C3%B3wny_tren_istasyonu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wrocław Główny tren istasyonu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Wrocław tren istasyonu</a>'nda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya_Devlet_Demiryollar%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polonya Devlet Demiryolları (sayfa mevcut değil)">PKP Intercity</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yeni_Pendolino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yeni Pendolino (sayfa mevcut değil)">Pendolino</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Polonya'da sanayi bölgelerine ve limanlara ulaşan demiryolları özellikle yük taşımacılığında önemlidir. <a href="/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova" title="Varşova">Varşova</a>, karayolu ağının merkezidir. </p><p>Oder Irmağı'ndan suyolu taşımacılığında yararlanılır. Başlıca limanları <a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awinouj%C5%9Bcie" title="Świnoujście">Świnoujście</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gdynia" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Gdansk" class="mw-redirect" title="Gdansk">Gdansk</a>'tır. Uluslararası hava seferleri Varşova Havalimanı'ndan yapılır. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit&section=13" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Demografi"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya_demografisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polonya demografisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Polonya demografisi</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Şehirler"><span id=".C5.9Eehirler"></span>Şehirler</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Şehirler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit&section=14" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Şehirler"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="right" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:center; float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Castle_Square,_Warsaw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Castle_Square%2C_Warsaw.jpg/170px-Castle_Square%2C_Warsaw.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Castle_Square%2C_Warsaw.jpg/255px-Castle_Square%2C_Warsaw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Castle_Square%2C_Warsaw.jpg/340px-Castle_Square%2C_Warsaw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Krakow_rynek_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Krakow_rynek_01.jpg/170px-Krakow_rynek_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Krakow_rynek_01.jpg/255px-Krakow_rynek_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Krakow_rynek_01.jpg/340px-Krakow_rynek_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1825" data-file-height="1310" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Ulica_Piotrkowska_in_Lodz.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ulica_Piotrkowska_in_Lodz.JPG/170px-Ulica_Piotrkowska_in_Lodz.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ulica_Piotrkowska_in_Lodz.JPG/255px-Ulica_Piotrkowska_in_Lodz.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ulica_Piotrkowska_in_Lodz.JPG/340px-Ulica_Piotrkowska_in_Lodz.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova" title="Varşova">Varşova</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Wroclaw-Rynek-7.2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wroclaw-Rynek-7.2005.jpg/170px-Wroclaw-Rynek-7.2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wroclaw-Rynek-7.2005.jpg/255px-Wroclaw-Rynek-7.2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wroclaw-Rynek-7.2005.jpg/340px-Wroclaw-Rynek-7.2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Pozna%C5%84_Old_Town_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Pozna%C5%84_Old_Town_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Pozna%C5%84_Old_Town_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Pozna%C5%84_Old_Town_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Pozna%C5%84_Old_Town_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Pozna%C5%84_Old_Town_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Pozna%C5%84_Old_Town_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2758" data-file-height="2126" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Ayuntamiento_Principal,_Gdansk,_Polonia,_2013-05-20,_DD_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ayuntamiento_Principal%2C_Gdansk%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-20%2C_DD_02.jpg/170px-Ayuntamiento_Principal%2C_Gdansk%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-20%2C_DD_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ayuntamiento_Principal%2C_Gdansk%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-20%2C_DD_02.jpg/255px-Ayuntamiento_Principal%2C_Gdansk%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-20%2C_DD_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ayuntamiento_Principal%2C_Gdansk%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-20%2C_DD_02.jpg/340px-Ayuntamiento_Principal%2C_Gdansk%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-20%2C_DD_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4474" data-file-height="3450" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Polonya%27daki_%C5%9Fehirler_listesi" title="Polonya'daki şehirler listesi">Polonya'daki şehirler listesi</a></div> <table class="standard" style="max-width 70%;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Şehir </th> <th>Toplam (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova" title="Varşova">Varşova</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1.724.404 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">758.992 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">711.332 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">632.067 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">548.028 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">461.531 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">408.172 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz" title="Bydgoszcz">Bydgoszcz</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">359.428 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">343.598 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice">Katowice</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">304.362 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Din">Din</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Din" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit&section=15" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Din"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Polonya%27da_din" title="Polonya'da din">Polonya'da din</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Lichen_stary_Poland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lichen_stary_Poland.jpg/220px-Lichen_stary_Poland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lichen_stary_Poland.jpg/330px-Lichen_stary_Poland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lichen_stary_Poland.jpg/440px-Lichen_stary_Poland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3422" data-file-height="2171" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liche%C5%84_Stary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Licheń Stary (sayfa mevcut değil)">Licheń Stary</a> - Polonya'nın en büyük kilisesi</figcaption></figure> <p>Polonya Avrupa'nın en <a href="/wiki/Din" title="Din">dindar</a> ülkesidir. <a href="/wiki/Katolik" title="Katolik">Katolik</a> olduğunu söyleyenler %70'e, düzenli olarak kiliseye gittiğini beyan edenler %80'e ulaşmaktadır. Dini inancı olanlar arasından 4 grup saptanabilir niteliktedir. </p> <ol><li>Polonyalıların %15'i çok dindar olup, her gün ibadet ederler.</li> <li>% 35-55'i, Tanrı'ya inanırlar ve dua ederler ancak kiliselere sıklıkla gitmezler.</li> <li>% 20-25'i, Tanrı'ya inanıp kiliseye çok ender giderler. Kiliseyi eleştirirler.</li> <li>% 20-30'u, Tanrı'ya inanırlar ancak ibadet etmezler.</li></ol> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Czestochowa-bazylika.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Czestochowa-bazylika.jpg/150px-Czestochowa-bazylika.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Czestochowa-bazylika.jpg/225px-Czestochowa-bazylika.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Czestochowa-bazylika.jpg/300px-Czestochowa-bazylika.jpg 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa" title="Częstochowa">Częstochowa</a> - <a href="/wiki/Manast%C4%B1r" title="Manastır">manastır</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Meczet_w_Bohonikach_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Meczet_w_Bohonikach_02.jpg/220px-Meczet_w_Bohonikach_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Meczet_w_Bohonikach_02.jpg/330px-Meczet_w_Bohonikach_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Meczet_w_Bohonikach_02.jpg/440px-Meczet_w_Bohonikach_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bohoniki" title="Bohoniki">Bohoniki</a> Camii</figcaption></figure> <p>Polonya Meclisi (<a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a>) başkan kürsüsünün arkasında Haç vardır. Anayasa'da ilgili her bölümde Katolikliğe atıf vardır. Bu anlamda, Katoliklik devletin resmî dini olarak kabul edilmektedir de denebilir. Kilise; devlet, siyaset ve toplum hayatında gerektiğinde kullandığı ciddi bir nüfuza sahiptir. Bazı katolik papaz ve din grupları, siyasete açıkça girmekte ve bugünkü koalisyon iktidarının bazı partilerini desteklemektedir. Bugün Polonya'da hiçbir kişi ya da resmî veya özel kurumun, Katolikliği açıkça reddetmesi ya da eleştirmesinin düşünülmesi imkânsızdır. Kilise ile açıkça ters düşen bir partinin siyasi yaşamda yer sahibi olması neredeyse imkânsızdır. <a href="/wiki/Papa_II._Jean_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa II. Jean Paul">Papa II. Jean Paul</a>'e incitici eleştiriler yönelten bir <a href="/wiki/Gazeteci" title="Gazeteci">gazeteci</a>, mahkeme tarafından suçlu bulunmuştur. Resmî kurumların devlet ile kilise ilişkisini, 1989 yılı yasaları düzenlemektedir. Söz konusu yasalar, inanç özgürlüğünü garanti altına almakta, Roma Katolik Kilisesi'nin <a href="/wiki/Radyo" title="Radyo">radyo</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Televizyon" title="Televizyon">televizyon</a> programları yapmasına, ayrıca okul, hastane ve tarihi değeri olan binaları işletmesine izin vermektedir. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lublin_Katolik_%C3%9Cniversitesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lublin Katolik Üniversitesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Lublin Katolik Üniversitesi</a> ve <a href="/w/index.php?title=Var%C5%9Fova_%C4%B0lahiyat_Akademisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varşova İlahiyat Akademisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Varşova İlahiyat Akademisi</a> dışında birçok üniversite ve eğitim kurumunda ilahiyat bölümleri vardır. 28 Temmuz 1993 yılında hükûmet, Başpiskoposluk ile aralarındaki karşılıklı ilişkileri düzenleyen bir Konkordato imzalamış, söz konusu anlaşma üzerinde 5 yıl görüşmeler yapıldıktan sonra Parlamento tarafından yasallaştırılmıştır. Varşova Başpiskoposu, aynı zamanda Polonya Başpiskoposu'dur ki, 1981'den bu yana bu görevi <a href="/wiki/Kardinal" title="Kardinal">Kardinal</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3zef_Glemp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Józef Glemp (sayfa mevcut değil)">Józef Glemp</a> üstlenmektedir. Dini başkent <a href="/wiki/Gniezno" title="Gniezno">Gniezno</a>'dur ve bu kentin piskoposu doğrudan, başpiskopos ûnvanı alır. 1978 yılının Ekim ayında, Krakow Piskoposu kardinal Karol Wojtyła (Karol Voytıua), <a href="/wiki/Papa_II._Jean_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa II. Jean Paul">II. Jean Paul</a> (ikinci Jan Pol) adı ile 'Papa' seçilmiştir. Wojtyła, yani II. Jean Paul 2005 yılında yaşlılık nedeniyle ölmüştür. </p><p>Polonya'da 5.000 kadar <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCsl%C3%BCman" title="Müslüman">Müslüman</a> <a href="/wiki/Tatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatar">Tatar</a> yaşamaktadır. 1989 yılından itibaren, yeni Müslüman göçmenler ülkeye yerleşmiştir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kültür"><span id="K.C3.BClt.C3.BCr"></span>Kültür</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kültür" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit&section=16" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kültür"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya_k%C3%BClt%C3%BCr%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polonya kültürü (sayfa mevcut değil)">Polonya kültürü</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ayrıca bakınız: <a href="/wiki/Polonya%27daki_m%C3%BCzeler_listesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Polonya'daki müzeler listesi">Polonya'daki müzeler listesi</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Polonya_mimarisi" title="Polonya mimarisi">Polonya mimarisi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Grand_Theatre_in_Warsaw,_2022,_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Grand_Theatre_in_Warsaw%2C_2022%2C_03.jpg/200px-Grand_Theatre_in_Warsaw%2C_2022%2C_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Grand_Theatre_in_Warsaw%2C_2022%2C_03.jpg/300px-Grand_Theatre_in_Warsaw%2C_2022%2C_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Grand_Theatre_in_Warsaw%2C_2022%2C_03.jpg/400px-Grand_Theatre_in_Warsaw%2C_2022%2C_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3673" data-file-height="2962" /></a><figcaption>Ulusal Tiyatro, <a href="/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova" title="Varşova">Varşova</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Adam_Mickiewicz" title="Adam Mickiewicz">Adam Mickiewicz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Kochanowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Kochanowski (sayfa mevcut değil)">Jan Kochanowski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Witold_Gombrowicz" title="Witold Gombrowicz">Witold Gombrowicz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem" title="Stanisław Lem">Stanisław Lem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Schulz" title="Bruno Schulz">Bruno Schulz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Ignacy_Witkiewicz" title="Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz">Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Polkowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Polkowski (sayfa mevcut değil)">Jan Polkowski</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Zagajewski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam Zagajewski (sayfa mevcut değil)">Adam Zagajewski</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julian_Kornhauser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julian Kornhauser (sayfa mevcut değil)">Julian Kornhauser</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ewa_Lipska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ewa Lipska (sayfa mevcut değil)">Ewa Lipska</a> ve <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rafal_Wojaczek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rafal Wojaczek (sayfa mevcut değil)">Rafal Wojaczek</a> gibi tanınmış yazarları vardır. Ayrıca, <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Sienkiewicz" title="Henryk Sienkiewicz">Henryk Sienkiewicz</a>, <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont">Władysław Reymont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz" title="Czesław Miłosz">Czesław Miłosz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wis%C5%82awa_Szymborska" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisława Szymborska">Wisława Szymborska</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Olga_Tokarczuk" title="Olga Tokarczuk">Olga Tokarczuk</a> <a href="/wiki/Nobel_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Nobel Ödülü">Nobel Ödülü</a> alan edebiyatçılarıdır. </p><p>Polonya'nın en ünlü <a href="/wiki/Sanat%C3%A7%C4%B1" title="Sanatçı">sanatçılarından</a> biri, 19. yüzyılda yaşamış besteci ve piyanist <a href="/wiki/Fredric_Chopin" class="mw-redirect" title="Fredric Chopin">Fredric Chopin</a>'dir. </p><p>Polonya'nın ünlü takı tasarımcıları <a href="/wiki/Jacek_Byczewski" title="Jacek Byczewski">Jacek Byczewski</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Suchodolski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Suchodolski (sayfa mevcut değil)">Jan Suchodolski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piotr_Ma%C5%82ysz" title="Piotr Małysz">Piotr Małysz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krzysztof_Ginko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krzysztof Ginko (sayfa mevcut değil)">Krzysztof Ginko</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryla_Dubiel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maryla Dubiel (sayfa mevcut değil)">Maryla Dubiel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Wyganowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Wyganowski (sayfa mevcut değil)">Jan</a> ve <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alicja_Wyganowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alicja Wyganowski (sayfa mevcut değil)">Alicja Wyganowski</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcin_Gronkowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcin Gronkowski (sayfa mevcut değil)">Marcin Gronkowski</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakub_Zeligowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakub Zeligowski (sayfa mevcut değil)">Jakub Zeligowski</a>, Piotr Modliński ve diğerleri modern gümüş takı tasarımında çağdaş sanatin dünyaca tanınmış sanatçılarıdır. </p><p>Polonya'da bulunan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galeria_Sztuki_w_Legnicy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galeria Sztuki w Legnicy (sayfa mevcut değil)">Galeria Sztuki w Legnicy</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galeria_Bielak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galeria Bielak (sayfa mevcut değil)">Galeria Bielak</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galeria_Yes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galeria Yes (sayfa mevcut değil)">Galeria Yes</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galeria_Milano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galeria Milano (sayfa mevcut değil)">Galeria Milano</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galeria_Srebra_Pod_Przepi%C3%B3rczym_Koszem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galeria Srebra Pod Przepiórczym Koszem (sayfa mevcut değil)">Galeria Srebra Pod Przepiórczym Koszem</a> ve diğer galeriler bu modern sanatçıları takdim edip ve eserlerini satışa sunmaktadır. </p><p>Polonya'daki dünyaca tanınmış <a href="/wiki/Sinema" title="Sinema">sinema</a> yönetmenleri <a href="/wiki/Roman_Polanski" title="Roman Polanski">Roman Polanski</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Kie%C5%9Blowski" title="Krzysztof Kieślowski">Krzysztof Kieślowski</a>'dir. </p> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Polonya_mutfa%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Polonya mutfağı">Polonya mutfağı</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Polonya_mutfa%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Polonya mutfağı">Polonya mutfağı</a> birden çok kültürden etkilenmiş farklı tatları bir araya getirerek kendine has bir yemek kültürü oluşturmuştur. Özellikle patates bu kültürde geniş bir yer kaplıyor. Bazen baharatlı bazen de tatlı yapılan bir mantı çeşidi olan Pierogi ve değişik çorbalarından biri olan Zurek Polonya'ya kültürüne özgü yemeklerdir.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resimler">Resimler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Resimler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit&section=17" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Resimler"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:P%C5%82on%C4%85ca_obl%C4%99%C5%BCona_Warszawa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Varşova (1939)"><img alt="Varşova (1939)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/P%C5%82on%C4%85ca_obl%C4%99%C5%BCona_Warszawa.jpg/244px-P%C5%82on%C4%85ca_obl%C4%99%C5%BCona_Warszawa.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/P%C5%82on%C4%85ca_obl%C4%99%C5%BCona_Warszawa.jpg/366px-P%C5%82on%C4%85ca_obl%C4%99%C5%BCona_Warszawa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/P%C5%82on%C4%85ca_obl%C4%99%C5%BCona_Warszawa.jpg/488px-P%C5%82on%C4%85ca_obl%C4%99%C5%BCona_Warszawa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova" title="Varşova">Varşova</a> (1939)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 148px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 146px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Destroyed_Warsaw,_capital_of_Poland,_January_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Varşova (1945)"><img alt="Varşova (1945)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Destroyed_Warsaw%2C_capital_of_Poland%2C_January_1945.jpg/219px-Destroyed_Warsaw%2C_capital_of_Poland%2C_January_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Destroyed_Warsaw%2C_capital_of_Poland%2C_January_1945.jpg/328px-Destroyed_Warsaw%2C_capital_of_Poland%2C_January_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Destroyed_Warsaw%2C_capital_of_Poland%2C_January_1945.jpg/437px-Destroyed_Warsaw%2C_capital_of_Poland%2C_January_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="824" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova" title="Varşova">Varşova</a> (1945)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Plac_Grzybowski_noc%C4%85.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Varşova"><img alt="Varşova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Plac_Grzybowski_noc%C4%85.jpg/270px-Plac_Grzybowski_noc%C4%85.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Plac_Grzybowski_noc%C4%85.jpg/405px-Plac_Grzybowski_noc%C4%85.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Plac_Grzybowski_noc%C4%85.jpg/540px-Plac_Grzybowski_noc%C4%85.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova" title="Varşova">Varşova</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Warszawa,_ul._Krakowskie_Przedmie%C5%9Bcie_26,_28_20170517_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Varşova Üniversitesi"><img alt="Varşova Üniversitesi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Warszawa%2C_ul._Krakowskie_Przedmie%C5%9Bcie_26%2C_28_20170517_001.jpg/270px-Warszawa%2C_ul._Krakowskie_Przedmie%C5%9Bcie_26%2C_28_20170517_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Warszawa%2C_ul._Krakowskie_Przedmie%C5%9Bcie_26%2C_28_20170517_001.jpg/405px-Warszawa%2C_ul._Krakowskie_Przedmie%C5%9Bcie_26%2C_28_20170517_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Warszawa%2C_ul._Krakowskie_Przedmie%C5%9Bcie_26%2C_28_20170517_001.jpg/539px-Warszawa%2C_ul._Krakowskie_Przedmie%C5%9Bcie_26%2C_28_20170517_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1279" data-file-height="854" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Var%C5%9Fova_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Varşova Üniversitesi">Varşova Üniversitesi</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Views_from_Palace_of_Culture_and_Science_in_Warsaw,_Poland,_2019,_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Varşova Maliye Merkezi"><img alt="Varşova Maliye Merkezi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Views_from_Palace_of_Culture_and_Science_in_Warsaw%2C_Poland%2C_2019%2C_13.jpg/240px-Views_from_Palace_of_Culture_and_Science_in_Warsaw%2C_Poland%2C_2019%2C_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Views_from_Palace_of_Culture_and_Science_in_Warsaw%2C_Poland%2C_2019%2C_13.jpg/360px-Views_from_Palace_of_Culture_and_Science_in_Warsaw%2C_Poland%2C_2019%2C_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Views_from_Palace_of_Culture_and_Science_in_Warsaw%2C_Poland%2C_2019%2C_13.jpg/480px-Views_from_Palace_of_Culture_and_Science_in_Warsaw%2C_Poland%2C_2019%2C_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Varşova Maliye Merkezi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Collegium_Maius_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kraków"><img alt="Kraków" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Collegium_Maius_2017.jpg/320px-Collegium_Maius_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Collegium_Maius_2017.jpg/480px-Collegium_Maius_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Collegium_Maius_2017.jpg/640px-Collegium_Maius_2017.jpg 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title="Vistül">Vistül</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Rynek_Starego_Miasta_We_Wroclawiu_(152991773).jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vroslav"><img alt="Vroslav" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Rynek_Starego_Miasta_We_Wroclawiu_%28152991773%29.jpeg/327px-Rynek_Starego_Miasta_We_Wroclawiu_%28152991773%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="218" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Rynek_Starego_Miasta_We_Wroclawiu_%28152991773%29.jpeg/490px-Rynek_Starego_Miasta_We_Wroclawiu_%28152991773%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Rynek_Starego_Miasta_We_Wroclawiu_%28152991773%29.jpeg/653px-Rynek_Starego_Miasta_We_Wroclawiu_%28152991773%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="772" /></a></span></div> 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182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Sebastian_Glapinski_2017_(Unsplash).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Łódź"><img alt="Łódź" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sebastian_Glapinski_2017_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/270px-Sebastian_Glapinski_2017_%28Unsplash%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sebastian_Glapinski_2017_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/405px-Sebastian_Glapinski_2017_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sebastian_Glapinski_2017_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/540px-Sebastian_Glapinski_2017_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span 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160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Skyline_of_Ostr%C3%B3da.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ostróda"><img alt="Ostróda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Skyline_of_Ostr%C3%B3da.jpg/240px-Skyline_of_Ostr%C3%B3da.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Skyline_of_Ostr%C3%B3da.jpg/360px-Skyline_of_Ostr%C3%B3da.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Skyline_of_Ostr%C3%B3da.jpg/480px-Skyline_of_Ostr%C3%B3da.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ostr%C3%B3da" title="Ostróda">Ostróda</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Pa%C5%82ac_Branickich_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_(elewacja_ogrodowa)_A-252_z_1.12.1958_-Magrys.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Białystok"><img alt="Białystok" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Pa%C5%82ac_Branickich_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%28elewacja_ogrodowa%29_A-252_z_1.12.1958_-Magrys.JPG/271px-Pa%C5%82ac_Branickich_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%28elewacja_ogrodowa%29_A-252_z_1.12.1958_-Magrys.JPG" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Pa%C5%82ac_Branickich_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%28elewacja_ogrodowa%29_A-252_z_1.12.1958_-Magrys.JPG/407px-Pa%C5%82ac_Branickich_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%28elewacja_ogrodowa%29_A-252_z_1.12.1958_-Magrys.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Pa%C5%82ac_Branickich_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%28elewacja_ogrodowa%29_A-252_z_1.12.1958_-Magrys.JPG/542px-Pa%C5%82ac_Branickich_w_Bia%C5%82ymstoku_%28elewacja_ogrodowa%29_A-252_z_1.12.1958_-Magrys.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a 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href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Torun</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Zamek_Sulkowskich_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bielsko-Biała"><img alt="Bielsko-Biała" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Zamek_Sulkowskich_2020.jpg/271px-Zamek_Sulkowskich_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Zamek_Sulkowskich_2020.jpg/406px-Zamek_Sulkowskich_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Zamek_Sulkowskich_2020.jpg/541px-Zamek_Sulkowskich_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1364" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a" title="Bielsko-Biała">Bielsko-Biała</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Alians_PL,CracowGateInLublin,2012,P9240022.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lublin"><img alt="Lublin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Alians_PL%2CCracowGateInLublin%2C2012%2CP9240022.jpg/240px-Alians_PL%2CCracowGateInLublin%2C2012%2CP9240022.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Alians_PL%2CCracowGateInLublin%2C2012%2CP9240022.jpg/360px-Alians_PL%2CCracowGateInLublin%2C2012%2CP9240022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Alians_PL%2CCracowGateInLublin%2C2012%2CP9240022.jpg/480px-Alians_PL%2CCracowGateInLublin%2C2012%2CP9240022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Katowice-Spodek_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Katowice"><img alt="Katowice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Katowice-Spodek_%284%29.jpg/269px-Katowice-Spodek_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Katowice-Spodek_%284%29.jpg/404px-Katowice-Spodek_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Katowice-Spodek_%284%29.jpg/538px-Katowice-Spodek_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3745" data-file-height="2507" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice">Katowice</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Opole,_katedra.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Opole"><img alt="Opole" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Smerek_Szare_Berdo.jpg/360px-Smerek_Szare_Berdo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Smerek_Szare_Berdo.jpg/480px-Smerek_Szare_Berdo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Karpatlar" title="Karpatlar">Karpatlar</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:PoznanCityHall.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Poznan"><img alt="Poznan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PoznanCityHall.JPG/135px-PoznanCityHall.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PoznanCityHall.JPG/202px-PoznanCityHall.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PoznanCityHall.JPG/270px-PoznanCityHall.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Poznan" class="mw-redirect" title="Poznan">Poznan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Castillo_de_Malbork,_Polonia,_2013-05-19,_DD_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Malbork Kalesi"><img alt="Malbork Kalesi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Castillo_de_Malbork%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-19%2C_DD_04.jpg/270px-Castillo_de_Malbork%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-19%2C_DD_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Castillo_de_Malbork%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-19%2C_DD_04.jpg/405px-Castillo_de_Malbork%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-19%2C_DD_04.jpg 1.5x, 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data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cieszyn" title="Cieszyn">Cieszyn</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 204px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 202px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Bazylika_Mariacka_DSC01870.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gdansk"><img alt="Gdansk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bazylika_Mariacka_DSC01870.jpg/303px-Bazylika_Mariacka_DSC01870.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bazylika_Mariacka_DSC01870.jpg/455px-Bazylika_Mariacka_DSC01870.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bazylika_Mariacka_DSC01870.jpg/607px-Bazylika_Mariacka_DSC01870.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3520" data-file-height="2090" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gdansk" class="mw-redirect" title="Gdansk">Gdansk</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Auschwitz_I_(22_May_2010).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Auschwitz Toplama Kampı"><img alt="Auschwitz Toplama Kampı" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Auschwitz_I_%2822_May_2010%29.jpg/269px-Auschwitz_I_%2822_May_2010%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Auschwitz_I_%2822_May_2010%29.jpg/404px-Auschwitz_I_%2822_May_2010%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Auschwitz_I_%2822_May_2010%29.jpg/538px-Auschwitz_I_%2822_May_2010%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_Toplama_Kamp%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz Toplama Kampı">Auschwitz Toplama Kampı</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ayrıca_bakınız"><span id="Ayr.C4.B1ca_bak.C4.B1n.C4.B1z"></span>Ayrıca bakınız</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Ayrıca bakınız" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit&section=18" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Ayrıca bakınız"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polonya_pasaportu" title="Polonya pasaportu">Polonya pasaportu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polonya%27daki_havaalanlar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Polonya'daki havaalanları listesi">Polonya'daki havaalanları listesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polonya_mill%C3%AE_futbol_tak%C4%B1m%C4%B1" title="Polonya millî futbol takımı">Polonya millî futbol takımı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekstraklasa" title="Ekstraklasa">Ekstraklasa</a>, Polonya futbol liglerinin en üst seviyesidir</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konuyla_ilgili_yayınlar"><span id="Konuyla_ilgili_yay.C4.B1nlar"></span>Konuyla ilgili yayınlar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Konuyla ilgili yayınlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit&section=19" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Konuyla ilgili yayınlar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Temel Britannica Ansiklopedisi, Mayıs 1993, ISBN 975-7760-02-01</li> <li>Lehistan'dan Bugünkü Polonya'ya, Ankara 2003.</li> <li>Polish Literature of the 1990s, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zofia_Beszczynska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zofia Beszczynska (sayfa mevcut değil)">Zofia Beszczynska</a>, Cracow 1999, <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/8391150968" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 83-911509-6-8</a></li> <li>The Orbit of Discourse, Piotr Luszczykiewicz, Cracow 1999, <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/8388292250" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 83-88292-25-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit&section=20" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEOPL-1"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOPL_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOPL_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOPL_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOPL_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOPL_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOPL_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=44&pr.y=11&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=964&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=">"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019"</a>. <i>IMF.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. 8 Mart 2020 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200308081145/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=44&pr.y=11&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=964&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">30 Ekim</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMF.org&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+October+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2019%2F02%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D44%26pr.y%3D11%26sy%3D2017%26ey%3D2021%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D964%26s%3DNGDPD%252CPPPGDP%252CNGDPDPC%252CPPPPC%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200408144604/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tessi190&plugin=1">"Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey"</a>. <i>ec.europa.eu</i>. <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>. 8 Nisan 2020 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tessi190&plugin=1">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">20 Mart</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ec.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Gini+coefficient+of+equivalised+disposable+income+%E2%80%93+EU-SILC+survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Ftgm%2Ftable.do%3Ftab%3Dtable%26init%3D1%26language%3Den%26pcode%3Dtessi190%26plugin%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201215100725/http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/latest-human-development-index-ranking">"Human Development Report 2020"</a> (İngilizce). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 10 Aralık 2019. 15 Aralık 2020 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/latest-human-development-index-ranking">kaynağından</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 10 Aralık 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2020&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2019-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Flatest-human-development-index-ranking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/bilgi/galeri-fuze-atildigi-iddia-edilen-polonyanin-tarihi-gundeme-geldi-polonya-nato-ulkesi-mi-polonya-nerede-nufusu-kac-42171499/3">"Polonya nerede, nüfusu kaç? Polonya NATO ülkesi mi? 3 defa cumhuriyet ilan etti... Füze atıldığı iddia edilen Polonya'nın tarihi gündemde"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrriyet_(gazete)" title="Hürriyet (gazete)">Hürriyet</a></i>. 19 Ağustos 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230819223457/https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/bilgi/galeri-fuze-atildigi-iddia-edilen-polonyanin-tarihi-gundeme-geldi-polonya-nato-ulkesi-mi-polonya-nerede-nufusu-kac-42171499/3">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 19 Ağustos 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet&rft.atitle=Polonya+nerede%2C+n%C3%BCfusu+ka%C3%A7%3F+Polonya+NATO+%C3%BClkesi+mi%3F+3+defa+cumhuriyet+ilan+etti...+F%C3%BCze+at%C4%B1ld%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1+iddia+edilen+Polonya%27n%C4%B1n+tarihi+g%C3%BCndemde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyet.com.tr%2Fbilgi%2Fgaleri-fuze-atildigi-iddia-edilen-polonyanin-tarihi-gundeme-geldi-polonya-nato-ulkesi-mi-polonya-nerede-nufusu-kac-42171499%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200902003309/https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/tr/article/invasion-of-poland-fall-1939">"Polonya'nın İşgali, Güz 1939"</a>. <i>encyclopedia.ushmm.org</i>. 2 Eylül 2020 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/tr/article/invasion-of-poland-fall-1939">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 19 Ağustos 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=encyclopedia.ushmm.org&rft.atitle=Polonya%E2%80%99n%C4%B1n+%C4%B0%C5%9Fgali%2C+G%C3%BCz+1939&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia.ushmm.org%2Fcontent%2Ftr%2Farticle%2Finvasion-of-poland-fall-1939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rocznik-6"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-Rocznik_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rocznik_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rocznik_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Polish Ministry of Education and Science (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stat.gov.pl/download/gfx/portalinformacyjny/pl/defaultaktualnosci/5515/2/19/1/rocznik_statystyczny_rzeczypospolitej_polskiej_2019.pdf">"Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Poland"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Rocznik Statystyczny Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej</i>. Warsaw: Statistics Poland (Główny Urząd Statystyczny GUS): 80-81, 84-85, 111. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_S%C3%BCreli_Yay%C4%B1n_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Süreli Yayın Numarası">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1506-0632">1506-0632</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/907771825">907771825</a>. 3 Mart 2022 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303153527/https://stat.gov.pl/download/gfx/portalinformacyjny/pl/defaultaktualnosci/5515/2/19/1/rocznik_statystyczny_rzeczypospolitej_polskiej_2019.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">2 Nisan</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+Yearbook+of+the+Republic+of+Poland&rft.place=Warsaw&rft.pages=80-81%2C+84-85%2C+111&rft.pub=Statistics+Poland+%28G%C5%82%C3%B3wny+Urz%C4%85d+Statystyczny+GUS%29&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F907771825&rft.issn=1506-0632&rft.au=Polish+Ministry+of+Education+and+Science&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstat.gov.pl%2Fdownload%2Fgfx%2Fportalinformacyjny%2Fpl%2Fdefaultaktualnosci%2F5515%2F2%2F19%2F1%2Frocznik_statystyczny_rzeczypospolitej_polskiej_2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto5-7"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-auto5_7-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029163433/https://geografia.gozych.edu.pl/cechy-krajobrazow-polski/">"Cechy krajobrazów Polski – Notatki geografia"</a>. 29 Ekim 2020 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geografia.gozych.edu.pl/cechy-krajobrazow-polski/">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cechy+krajobraz%C3%B3w+Polski+%E2%80%93+Notatki+geografia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeografia.gozych.edu.pl%2Fcechy-krajobrazow-polski%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Grochowski, Mirosław (1997). "Poland Under Transition and Its New Geography". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Slavonic_Papers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canadian Slavonic Papers (sayfa mevcut değil)">Canadian Slavonic Papers</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. <b>39</b> (1/2): 1-26. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00085006.1997.11092140">10.1080/00085006.1997.11092140</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_S%C3%BCreli_Yay%C4%B1n_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Süreli Yayın Numarası">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0008-5006">0008-5006</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/40869887">40869887</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poland+Under+Transition+and+Its+New+Geography&rft.pages=1-26&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1997&rft.issn=0008-5006&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40869887&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00085006.1997.11092140&rft.aulast=Grochowski&rft.aufirst=Miros%C5%82aw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BACC-9"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-BACC_9-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">BACC Editorial Team (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-978-3-319-16006-1"><i>Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin</i></a>. Cham: Springer. s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-978-3-319-16006-1/page/n16">385</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/9783319160054" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/9783319160054">9783319160054</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Second+Assessment+of+Climate+Change+for+the+Baltic+Sea+Basin&rft.place=Cham&rft.pages=385&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9783319160054&rft.au=BACC+Editorial+Team&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspringer_10.1007-978-3-319-16006-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Tymon Zielinski; Iwona Sagan; Waldemar Surosz (2017). <i>Interdisciplinary approaches for sustainable development goals</i>. Cham: Springer. s. 79. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/9783319717883" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/9783319717883">9783319717883</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interdisciplinary+approaches+for+sustainable+development+goals&rft.place=Cham&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9783319717883&rft.au=Tymon+Zielinski&rft.au=Iwona+Sagan&rft.au=Waldemar+Surosz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Shell, Marc (2014). <i>Islandology: Geography, Rhetoric, Politics</i>. Stanford: University Press. s. 89. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/9780804789264" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/9780804789264">9780804789264</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islandology%3A+Geography%2C+Rhetoric%2C+Politics&rft.place=Stanford&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780804789264&rft.aulast=Shell&rft.aufirst=Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710204644/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=PL">"GDP growth (annual %) – Poland | Data"</a>. <i>data.worldbank.org</i>. 10 Temmuz 2017 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=PL">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.worldbank.org&rft.atitle=GDP+growth+%28annual+%25%29+%E2%80%93+Poland+%26%23124%3B+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FNY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG%3Flocations%3DPL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812202225/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?locations=PL">"Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) – Poland | Data"</a>. <i>data.worldbank.org</i>. 12 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?locations=PL">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.worldbank.org&rft.atitle=Inflation%2C+consumer+prices+%28annual+%25%29+%E2%80%93+Poland+%26%23124%3B+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FFP.CPI.TOTL.ZG%3Flocations%3DPL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513023302/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.ZS?locations=PL">"Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate) – Poland | Data"</a>. <i>data.worldbank.org</i>. 13 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.ZS?locations=PL">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.worldbank.org&rft.atitle=Employment+to+population+ratio%2C+15%2B%2C+total+%28%25%29+%28modeled+ILO+estimate%29+%E2%80%93+Poland+%26%23124%3B+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSL.EMP.TOTL.SP.ZS%3Flocations%3DPL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301182252/https://www.gov.pl/web/family/eurostat-poland-in-second-place-with-the-lowest-unemployment-in-the-european-union">"Eurostat: Poland in second place with the lowest unemployment in the European Union"</a>. <i>www.gov.pl</i>. 1 Mart 2022 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.pl/web/family/eurostat-poland-in-second-place-with-the-lowest-unemployment-in-the-european-union">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gov.pl&rft.atitle=Eurostat%3A+Poland+in+second+place+with+the+lowest+unemployment+in+the+European+Union&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.pl%2Fweb%2Ffamily%2Feurostat-poland-in-second-place-with-the-lowest-unemployment-in-the-european-union&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130202163222/https://countryeconomy.com/national-debt/poland">"Poland National Debt 2020"</a>. <i>countryeconomy.com</i>. 2 Şubat 2013 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://countryeconomy.com/national-debt/poland">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=countryeconomy.com&rft.atitle=Poland+National+Debt+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcountryeconomy.com%2Fnational-debt%2Fpoland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">Jan Cienski, Warsaw, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120817112701/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/99bb5b68-c13d-11e1-8eca-00144feabdc0.html">Poland's growth defies eurozone crisis</a> <i>Financial Times</i>, 1 July 2012. Internet Archive.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200425100036/https://rynekpracy.org/statystyki/pracujacy-w-rolnictwie-przemysle-i-uslugach/">"Pracujący w rolnictwie, przemyśle i usługach | RynekPracy.org"</a>. 25 Nisan 2020 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rynekpracy.org/statystyki/pracujacy-w-rolnictwie-przemysle-i-uslugach/">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 28 Mayıs 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pracuj%C4%85cy+w+rolnictwie%2C+przemy%C5%9Ble+i+us%C5%82ugach+%26%23124%3B+RynekPracy.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frynekpracy.org%2Fstatystyki%2Fpracujacy-w-rolnictwie-przemysle-i-uslugach%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Polish_economy_seen_as_stable_and_competitive-19"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Polish_economy_seen_as_stable_and_competitive_19-0">^</a></strong> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 75%; color:inherit;">Kaynak hatası:</span> <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 75%; color:inherit;">Geçersiz <code><ref></code> etiketi; <code>Polish economy seen as stable and competitive</code> isimli refler için metin sağlanmadı (Bkz: <a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Kaynak_g%C3%B6sterme" title="Vikipedi:Kaynak gösterme">Kaynak gösterme</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Dorota Ciesielska-Maciągowska (5 Nisan 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160413020602/http://www.financialobserver.eu/poland/hundreds-of-foreign-companies-taken-over-by-polish-firms-over-the-last-decade/">"Hundreds of foreign companies taken over by Polish firms over the last decade"</a>. <i>Central European Financial Observer</i> (İngilizce). 13 Nisan 2016 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.financialobserver.eu/poland/hundreds-of-foreign-companies-taken-over-by-polish-firms-over-the-last-decade/">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">17 Haziran</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+European+Financial+Observer&rft.atitle=Hundreds+of+foreign+companies+taken+over+by+Polish+firms+over+the+last+decade&rft.date=2016-04-05&rft.au=Dorota+Ciesielska-Maci%C4%85gowska&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.financialobserver.eu%2Fpoland%2Fhundreds-of-foreign-companies-taken-over-by-polish-firms-over-the-last-decade%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Global_Competitiveness_Report_2010–2011-21"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-The_Global_Competitiveness_Report_2010–2011_21-0">^</a></strong> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 75%; color:inherit;">Kaynak hatası:</span> <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 75%; color:inherit;">Geçersiz <code><ref></code> etiketi; <code>The Global Competitiveness Report 2010–2011</code> isimli refler için metin sağlanmadı (Bkz: <a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Kaynak_g%C3%B6sterme" title="Vikipedi:Kaynak gösterme">Kaynak gösterme</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-auto7-22"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-auto7_22-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110531131227/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.GSR.GNFS.CD">"Exports of goods and services (BoP, current US$) | Data"</a>. <i>data.worldbank.org</i>. 31 Mayıs 2011 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.GSR.GNFS.CD">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.worldbank.org&rft.atitle=Exports+of+goods+and+services+%28BoP%2C+current+US%24%29+%26%23124%3B+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FBX.GSR.GNFS.CD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">PAP, 9 May 2013 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141105190235/http://inwestor.msp.gov.pl/si/polska-gospodarka/wiadomosci-gospodarcze/25865%2CPolska-zywnosc-fundament-polskiego-eksportu-2012-kolejnym-rokiem-rekordowego-eks.html">Polska żywność – fundament polskiego eksportu – 2012 kolejnym rokiem rekordowego eksportu żywności.</a> Ministerstwo Skarbu Państwa (Internet Archive).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">GUS, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140923154900/http://forsal.pl/artykuly/808705%2Cnajwieksi-partnerzy-handlowi-polski-kto-kupuje-nasze-produkty.html">Najwięksi partnerzy handlowi Polski: kto kupuje nasze produkty?</a> 9 July 2014 (Internet Archive)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100425022501/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS">"Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | Data"</a>. <i>data.worldbank.org</i>. 25 Nisan 2010 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 6 Eylül 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.worldbank.org&rft.atitle=Exports+of+goods+and+services+%28%25+of+GDP%29+%7C+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FNE.EXP.GNFS.ZS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">Ministerstwo Gospodarki, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131208094250/http://euro-dane.com.pl/polska---kierunki-eksportu">Polska – kierunki eksportu i najchętniej kupowane produkty z naszego kraju.</a> 8 December 2013 Euro-Dane :: Ekonomia Unii Europejskiej (Internet Archive). Most important <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141106185805/http://s2.manifo.com/usr/f/f0b13/97/img/0beksport-europa.jpg">importers of Poland's 2012 exports, graph.</a> Manifo (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Workman, Daniel (2 Mart 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161012175510/http://www.worldstopexports.com/polands-top-import-partners/">"Poland's Top Trading Partners"</a>. <i>World's Top Exports</i>. 12 Ekim 2016 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldstopexports.com/polands-top-import-partners/">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Mart</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World%27s+Top+Exports&rft.atitle=Poland%27s+Top+Trading+Partners&rft.date=2019-03-02&rft.aulast=Workman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldstopexports.com%2Fpolands-top-import-partners%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181024114657/https://businessinsider.com.pl/finanse/makroekonomia/bezrobocie-w-polsce-wrzesien-2018-r/437gjnh">"GUS podał najnowsze dane dot. bezrobocia w Polsce"</a>. 23 Ekim 2018. 24 Ekim 2018 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://businessinsider.com.pl/finanse/makroekonomia/bezrobocie-w-polsce-wrzesien-2018-r/437gjnh">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">28 Ekim</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GUS+poda%C5%82+najnowsze+dane+dot.+bezrobocia+w+Polsce&rft.date=2018-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbusinessinsider.com.pl%2Ffinanse%2Fmakroekonomia%2Fbezrobocie-w-polsce-wrzesien-2018-r%2F437gjnh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Ivana Kottasová (30 Temmuz 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190730082114/https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/30/europe/poland-income-tax-youths-intl/index.html">"Brain drain claimed 1.7 million youths. So this country is scrapping its income tax"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 30 Temmuz 2019 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/30/europe/poland-income-tax-youths-intl/index.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">30 Temmuz</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Brain+drain+claimed+1.7+million+youths.+So+this+country+is+scrapping+its+income+tax&rft.date=2019-07-30&rft.au=Ivana+Kottasov%C3%A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F07%2F30%2Feurope%2Fpoland-income-tax-youths-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polskawliczbach.pl/Miasta">"Arşivlenmiş kopya"</a>. 25 Nisan 2018 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180425232401/http://www.polskawliczbach.pl/Miasta">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 19 Şubat 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ar%C5%9Fivlenmi%C5%9F+kopya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polskawliczbach.pl%2FMiasta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031002448/https://www.gezitayfa.com/ulke/polonya-gezi-rehberi-gezilecek-yerler/">"Polonya Gezi Rehberi - Gezi Tayfa"</a>. <i>www.gezitayfa.com</i>. 31 Ekim 2020 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gezitayfa.com/ulke/polonya-gezi-rehberi-gezilecek-yerler/">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">27 Ekim</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gezitayfa.com&rft.atitle=Polonya+Gezi+Rehberi+-+Gezi+Tayfa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gezitayfa.com%2Fulke%2Fpolonya-gezi-rehberi-gezilecek-yerler%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3APolonya" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dış_bağlantılar"><span id="D.C4.B1.C5.9F_ba.C4.9Flant.C4.B1lar"></span>Dış bağlantılar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Dış bağlantılar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonya&action=edit&section=21" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Dış bağlantılar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33560057">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33560105">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33560075">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons'ta <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Poland" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Poland"><span style="">Polonya</span></a></b></i> ile ilgili ortam dosyaları bulunmaktadır.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://commonwealth.pl">Commonwealth of Diverse Cultures: Poland's Heritage</a>24 Haziran 2011 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110624022527/http://www.commonwealth.pl/">arşivlendi</a>. 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<li><a href="/wiki/Slovenya" title="Slovenya">Slovenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye">Türkiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrayna" title="Ukrayna">Ukrayna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan">Vatikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunanistan" title="Yunanistan">Yunanistan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding:0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Avrupa" title="Avrupa"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="Cebelitarık">Cebelitarık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Adas%C4%B1" title="Man Adası">Man Adası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Danimarka_Krall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Danimarka Krallığı">Danimarka Krallığı</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Faroe Adaları">Faroe Adaları</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Finlandiya" title="Finlandiya">Finlandiya</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Avrupa_Birliği&#124;link=Avrupa_Birliği_Avrupa_Birliği_üyesi_ülkeler" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi_%C3%BCyesi_%C3%BClkeler" title="Şablon:Avrupa Birliği üyesi ülkeler"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Avrupa Birliği">Avrupa Birliği</a> <a href="/wiki/Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi_%C3%BCyesi_%C3%BClkeler" title="Avrupa Birliği üyesi ülkeler">üyesi ülkeler</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Üyeler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya">Almanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avusturya" title="Avusturya">Avusturya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A7ika" title="Belçika">Belçika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaristan" title="Bulgaristan">Bulgaristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya">Çekya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danimarka" title="Danimarka">Danimarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya">Estonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finlandiya" title="Finlandiya">Finlandiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa">Fransa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C4%B1rvatistan" title="Hırvatistan">Hırvatistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollanda" title="Hollanda">Hollanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0rlanda" title="İrlanda">İrlanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0spanya" title="İspanya">İspanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sve%C3%A7" title="İsveç">İsveç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0talya" title="İtalya">İtalya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s_Cumhuriyeti" title="Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti">Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letonya" title="Letonya">Letonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litvanya" title="Litvanya">Litvanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCksemburg" title="Lüksemburg">Lüksemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaristan" title="Macaristan">Macaristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Polonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portekiz" title="Portekiz">Portekiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanya" title="Romanya">Romanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakya" title="Slovakya">Slovakya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenya" title="Slovenya">Slovenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunanistan" title="Yunanistan">Yunanistan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:European_Union_main_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Union_main_map.svg/80px-European_Union_main_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Union_main_map.svg/120px-European_Union_main_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Union_main_map.svg/160px-European_Union_main_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ayrıca bakınız: <a href="/wiki/Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi%27nin_gelecekteki_geni%C5%9Flemesi" title="Avrupa Birliği'nin gelecekteki genişlemesi">Potansiyel genişleme</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Avrupa_Birli%C4%9Fi%27nden_ayr%C4%B1lma" title="Avrupa Birliği'nden ayrılma">Eski üyeler</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kuzey_Atlantik_Antlaşması_Örgütü_(NATO)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:NATO" title="Şablon:NATO"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:NATO" title="Şablon tartışma:NATO"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:NATO&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kuzey_Atlantik_Antlaşması_Örgütü_(NATO)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">Kuzey Atlantik Antlaşması Örgütü (NATO)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tarihçe</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Atlantik_Antla%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1" title="Kuzey Atlantik Antlaşması">Kuzey Atlantik Antlaşması</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_zirvesi" title="NATO zirvesi">Zirve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_harek%C3%A2tlar%C4%B1" title="NATO harekâtları">Harekâtlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO%27nun_geni%C5%9Flemesi" title="NATO'nun genişlemesi">Genişleme</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Flag_of_NATO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/60px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/90px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/120px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yapı</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Atlantik_Konseyi" title="Kuzey Atlantik Konseyi">Kuzey Atlantik Konseyi (NAC)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avrupa_M%C3%BCttefik_Kuvvetleri_Y%C3%BCksek_Kararg%C3%A2h%C4%B1" title="Avrupa Müttefik Kuvvetleri Yüksek Karargâhı">Avrupa Müttefik Kuvvetleri Yüksek Karargâhı (SHAPE)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCttefik_Deniz_Komutanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Müttefik Deniz Komutanlığı (sayfa mevcut değil)">Müttefik Deniz Komutanlığı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCttefik_Hava_Komutanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Müttefik Hava Komutanlığı (sayfa mevcut değil)">Müttefik Hava Komutanlığı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCttefik_Kara_Komutanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Müttefik Kara Komutanlığı">Müttefik Kara Komutanlığı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCttefik_D%C3%B6n%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BCm_Komutanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Müttefik Dönüşüm Komutanlığı">Müttefik Dönüşüm Komutanlığı (ACT)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kişiler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Genel_Sekreteri" title="NATO Genel Sekreteri">Genel Sekreter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Asker%C3%AE_Komitesi_ba%C5%9Fkan%C4%B1" title="NATO Askerî Komitesi başkanı">NATO Askerî Komite Başkanı (CMC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avrupa_M%C3%BCttefik_Kuvvetleri_Y%C3%BCksek_Kararg%C3%A2h%C4%B1" title="Avrupa Müttefik Kuvvetleri Yüksek Karargâhı">Avrupa Müttefik Kuvvetleri Yüksek Komutanı (SACEUR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCttefik_D%C3%B6n%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BCm_Komutanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Müttefik Dönüşüm Komutanlığı">Yüksek Müttefik Dönüşüm Komutanı (SACT)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NATO_%C3%BCyesi_%C3%BClkeler" title="NATO üyesi ülkeler">Üyeler</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Silahlı Kuvvetleri">ABD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Almanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnavutluk_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Arnavutluk Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Arnavutluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A7ika_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Belçika Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Belçika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Krall%C4%B1k_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Birleşik Krallık Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Birleşik Krallık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaristan_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Bulgaristan Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Bulgaristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ekya_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Çekya Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Çek Cumhuriyeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danimarka_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Danimarka Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Danimarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonya_Savunma_Kuvvetleri" title="Estonya Savunma Kuvvetleri">Estonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finlandiya_Savunma_Kuvvetleri" title="Finlandiya Savunma Kuvvetleri">Finlandiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frans%C4%B1z_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Fransız Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Fransa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C4%B1rvatistan_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Hırvatistan Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Hırvatistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollanda_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Hollanda Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Hollanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0spanya_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="İspanya Silahlı Kuvvetleri">İspanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sve%C3%A7_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="İsveç Silahlı Kuvvetleri">İsveç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0talya_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="İtalya Silahlı Kuvvetleri">İtalya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zlanda_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="İzlanda Silahlı Kuvvetleri">İzlanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Kanada Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karada%C4%9F_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Karadağ Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Karadağ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Makedonya_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Kuzey Makedonya Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Kuzey Makedonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letonya_Ulusal_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Letonya Ulusal Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Letonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litvanya_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Litvanya Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Litvanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCksemburg_Ordusu" title="Lüksemburg Ordusu">Lüksemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaristan_Savunma_Kuvvetleri" title="Macaristan Savunma Kuvvetleri">Macaristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norve%C3%A7_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Norveç Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Norveç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polonya_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Polonya Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Polonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portekiz_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Portekiz Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Portekiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanya_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Romanya Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Romanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakya_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Slovakya Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Slovakya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenya_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Slovenya Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Slovenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Türkiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunanistan_Silahl%C4%B1_Kuvvetleri" title="Yunanistan Silahlı Kuvvetleri">Yunanistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ekonomik_Kalkınma_ve_İşbirliği_Örgütü_(OECD)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#f0f0f0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:OECD" title="Şablon:OECD"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";background:#f0f0f0;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:OECD" title="Şablon tartışma:OECD"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";background:#f0f0f0;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:OECD&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";background:#f0f0f0;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ekonomik_Kalkınma_ve_İşbirliği_Örgütü_(OECD)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü</a> (OECD)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f0f0f0;"><a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">Üyeler</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="ABD"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">ABD</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Almanya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya">Almanya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Avustralya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Avustralya" title="Avustralya">Avustralya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Avusturya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Avusturya" title="Avusturya">Avusturya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Belçika"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A7ika" title="Belçika">Belçika</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Birleşik Krallık"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Krall%C4%B1k" title="Birleşik Krallık">Birleşik Krallık</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Çekya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya">Çekya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Danimarka"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Danimarka" title="Danimarka">Danimarka</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Estonya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya">Estonya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Finlandiya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finlandiya" title="Finlandiya">Finlandiya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Fransa"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa">Fransa</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Güney Kore"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Kore" title="Güney Kore">Güney Kore</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Hollanda"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hollanda" title="Hollanda">Hollanda</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="İrlanda"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0rlanda" title="İrlanda">İrlanda</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="İspanya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0spanya" title="İspanya">İspanya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="İsveç"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sve%C3%A7" title="İsveç">İsveç</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="İsviçre"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0svi%C3%A7re" title="İsviçre">İsviçre</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="İsrail"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0srail" title="İsrail">İsrail</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="İtalya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0talya" title="İtalya">İtalya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="İzlanda"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zlanda" title="İzlanda">İzlanda</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Japonya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japonya" title="Japonya">Japonya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Kanada"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Kolombiya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kolombiya" title="Kolombiya">Kolombiya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Kosta Rika"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kosta_Rika" title="Kosta Rika">Kosta Rika</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Letonya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Letonya" title="Letonya">Letonya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Litvanya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Litvanya" title="Litvanya">Litvanya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Lüksemburg"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCksemburg" title="Lüksemburg">Lüksemburg</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Macaristan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Macaristan" title="Macaristan">Macaristan</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Meksika"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Meksika" title="Meksika">Meksika</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Norveç"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norve%C3%A7" title="Norveç">Norveç</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Polonya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Polonya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Portekiz"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portekiz" title="Portekiz">Portekiz</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Slovakya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovakya" title="Slovakya">Slovakya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Slovenya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovenya" title="Slovenya">Slovenya</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Şili"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eili" title="Şili">Şili</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Türkiye"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye">Türkiye</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Yunanistan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yunanistan" title="Yunanistan">Yunanistan</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Yeni Zelanda"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yeni_Zelanda" title="Yeni Zelanda">Yeni Zelanda</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:OECD_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="OECD"><img alt="OECD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/OECD_Logo.svg/55px-OECD_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/OECD_Logo.svg/83px-OECD_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/OECD_Logo.svg/110px-OECD_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="170" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Karadeniz_Ekonomik_İşbirliği_(BSEC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Karadeniz_Ekonomik_%C4%B0%C5%9Fbirli%C4%9Fi" title="Şablon:Karadeniz Ekonomik İşbirliği"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Karadeniz_Ekonomik_%C4%B0%C5%9Fbirli%C4%9Fi" title="Şablon tartışma:Karadeniz Ekonomik İşbirliği"><abbr title="Bu 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href="/wiki/Arnavutluk" title="Arnavutluk">Arnavutluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaycan" title="Azerbaycan">Azerbaycan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaristan" title="Bulgaristan">Bulgaristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermenistan" title="Ermenistan">Ermenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCrcistan" title="Gürcistan">Gürcistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanya" title="Romanya">Romanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye">Türkiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrayna" title="Ukrayna">Ukrayna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunanistan" title="Yunanistan">Yunanistan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:BSEC_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/BSEC_Map.png/150px-BSEC_Map.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/BSEC_Map.png/225px-BSEC_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/BSEC_Map.png/300px-BSEC_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sonradan katılan üyeler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%B1rbistan" title="Sırbistan">Sırbistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Üyelik başvurusu kabul edilmeyen ülkeler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Makedonya" title="Kuzey Makedonya">Kuzey Makedonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s_Cumhuriyeti" title="Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti">Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gözlemci Ülkeler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avusturya" title="Avusturya">Avusturya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almanya" title="Almanya">Almanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">Amerika Birleşik Devletleri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya">Çekya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa">Fransa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C4%B1rvatistan" title="Hırvatistan">Hırvatistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0srail" title="İsrail">İsrail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0talya" title="İtalya">İtalya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%B1s%C4%B1r" title="Mısır">Mısır</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Polonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakya" title="Slovakya">Slovakya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunus" title="Tunus">Tunus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gözlemci Kuruluşlar</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uluslararas%C4%B1_Karadeniz_Kul%C3%BCb%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uluslararası Karadeniz Kulübü (sayfa mevcut değil)">Uluslararası Karadeniz Kulübü</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enerji_S%C3%B6zle%C5%9Fmesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enerji Sözleşmesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Enerji Sözleşmesi Sekreterliği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karadeniz_Komisyonu" title="Karadeniz Komisyonu">Karadeniz Komisyonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avrupa_Komisyonu" title="Avrupa Komisyonu">Avrupa Komisyonu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_Grubu_Stratejik_ve_Sosyal_Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmalar_Vakf%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marmara Grubu Stratejik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Vakfı (sayfa mevcut değil)">Marmara Grubu Stratejik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Vakfı</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Uluslararası_Frankofoni_Örgütü&#039;ne_üye_ve_gözlemci_ülkeler" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Frankofoni" title="Şablon:Frankofoni"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Frankofoni" title="Şablon tartışma:Frankofoni"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Frankofoni&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Uluslararası_Frankofoni_Örgütü&#039;ne_üye_ve_gözlemci_ülkeler" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Frankofoni_%C3%96rg%C3%BCt%C3%BC" title="Uluslararası Frankofoni Örgütü">Uluslararası Frankofoni Örgütü</a>'ne üye ve gözlemci ülkeler</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Üyeler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnavutluk" title="Arnavutluk">Arnavutluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A7ika" title="Belçika">Belçika</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans%C4%B1z_Toplulu%C4%9Fu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fransız Topluluğu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Fransız Topluluğu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaristan" title="Bulgaristan">Bulgaristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cibuti" title="Cibuti">Cibuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ad" title="Çad">Çad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_Demokratik_Cumhuriyeti" title="Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti">Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominika" title="Dominika">Dominika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekvator_Ginesi" title="Ekvator Ginesi">Ekvator Ginesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermenistan" title="Ermenistan">Ermenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fas" title="Fas">Fas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fildi%C5%9Fi_Sahili" title="Fildişi Sahili">Fildişi Sahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa">Fransa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frans%C4%B1z_Guyanas%C4%B1" title="Fransız Guyanası">Fransız Guyanası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinik" title="Martinik">Martinik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_ve_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre ve Miquelon">St. Pierre ve Miquelon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gana" title="Gana">Gana</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gine" title="Gine">Gine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gine-Bissau" title="Gine-Bissau">Gine-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0svi%C3%A7re" title="İsviçre">İsviçre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Québec">Québec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambo%C3%A7ya" title="Kamboçya">Kamboçya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s_Cumhuriyeti" title="Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti">Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komorlar" title="Komorlar">Komorlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_Cumhuriyeti" title="Kongo Cumhuriyeti">Kongo Cumhuriyeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Makedonya" title="Kuzey Makedonya">Kuzey Makedonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCksemburg" title="Lüksemburg">Lüksemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbnan" title="Lübnan">Lübnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%B1s%C4%B1r" title="Mısır">Mısır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moritanya" title="Moritanya">Moritanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako">Monako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijer" title="Nijer">Nijer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orta_Afrika_Cumhuriyeti" title="Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti">Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanya" title="Romanya">Romanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda">Ruanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_ve_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé ve Príncipe">São Tomé ve Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sey%C5%9Feller" title="Seyşeller">Seyşeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunus" title="Tunus">Tunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Fil_Burun_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Yeşil Burun Adaları">Yeşil Burun Adaları</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunanistan" title="Yunanistan">Yunanistan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg/100px-Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg/150px-Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg/200px-Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gözlemciler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avusturya" title="Avusturya">Avusturya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya">Çekya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCrcistan" title="Gürcistan">Gürcistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C4%B1rvatistan" title="Hırvatistan">Hırvatistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letonya" title="Letonya">Letonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litvanya" title="Litvanya">Litvanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaristan" title="Macaristan">Macaristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik">Mozambik</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Polonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%B1rbistan" title="Sırbistan">Sırbistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakya" title="Slovakya">Slovakya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenya" title="Slovenya">Slovenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayland" title="Tayland">Tayland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrayna" title="Ukrayna">Ukrayna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span> Ortak üye.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otorite_kontrol%C3%BC" title="Otorite kontrolü">Otorite kontrolü</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36" title="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin"><img alt="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fransa_Mill%C3%AE_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Fransa Millî Kütüphanesi">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11880842g">cb11880842g</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11880842g">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCmle%C5%9Fik_Otorite_Dosyas%C4%B1" title="Tümleşik Otorite Dosyası">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4046496-9">4046496-9</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0svi%C3%A7re_Tarihsel_S%C3%B6zl%C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BC" title="İsviçre Tarihsel Sözlüğü">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003367">003367</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Ad_Tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Ad Tanımlayıcısı">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000404710018">0000 0004 0471 0018</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/KulturNav" title="KulturNav">KulturNav</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/9f432e5c-3dc3-4309-b930-0c8944f3b67f">9f432e5c-3dc3-4309-b930-0c8944f3b67f</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kongre_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi_Kontrol_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Kongre Kütüphanesi Kontrol Numarası">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79131071">n79131071</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/dd7f80c8-f017-3d01-8608-2a8c9c32b954">dd7f80c8-f017-3d01-8608-2a8c9c32b954</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ulusal_Ar%C5%9Fivler_ve_Kay%C4%B1tlar_%C4%B0daresi" title="Ulusal Arşivler ve Kayıtlar İdaresi">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045341">10045341</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_Diyet_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Millî Diyet Kütüphanesi">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569130">00569130</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ek_Cumhuriyeti_Mill%C3%AE_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Çek Cumhuriyeti Millî Kütüphanesi">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130478&CON_LNG=ENG">ge130478</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0srail_Ulusal_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="İsrail Ulusal Kütüphanesi">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555089705171">987007555089705171</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_%C4%B0svi%C3%A7re_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphane_A%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Batı İsviçre Kütüphane Ağı">RERO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A000131730">02-A000131730</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cniversiteleraras%C4%B1_Belgeleme_Sistemi" title="Üniversitelerarası Belgeleme Sistemi">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02658994X">02658994X</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/TDV_%C4%B0sl%C3%A2m_Ansiklopedisi" title="TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi">TDVİA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/polonya">polonya</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Sanal_Otorite_Dosyas%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Sanal Otorite Dosyası">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/141810140">141810140</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a> (LCCN): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79-131071">n79-131071</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polonya&oldid=34162744">https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polonya&oldid=34162744</a>" sayfasından alınmıştır</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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