CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136677ad9d25ff6',cH: 'FuZ8ApfLKYRKQFdZmm_ZZaIRMqnDjSeXYcMLKVZc7i0-1739801880-1.2.1.1-oB0ZzMMgAvD96fV_iY_J_ACbP.Ie8NYaclK3Sn6pm.SoCqbA_ZvOhBW4aCd2afUf',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=expectancy%20testing&__cf_chl_tk=PudE.STkNgZul17dsNPb.414mmK5HLBgNBEZsbfOFV0-1739801880-1.0.1.1-4yagKTZJBtJedyFE840v7SRaXAdcE0OFqY0DZFmS5GQ",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739801880',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=expectancy%20testing&__cf_chl_f_tk=PudE.STkNgZul17dsNPb.414mmK5HLBgNBEZsbfOFV0-1739801880-1.0.1.1-4yagKTZJBtJedyFE840v7SRaXAdcE0OFqY0DZFmS5GQ",md: "tZFN6sMiX0ZY4xE3pTWU2h5LaDWyr4ftZwlExMwrtQU-1739801880-1.2.1.1-aaTVRniOddaRE6kkjz1_MRg4Cga101JV99TRT3iQPXrHN6Vos1gKQyGWtV.__EjQWSFe3CGchgaPrcdEM5DUrLS8yKaNKES_hs3.DsobxXFT3_ftMRcU.SohPLKRDQ0hcWx5NWDUESBz93tJKVzH0z9iEilJ33l_tLr6AyUFp1zCVO_7HNieTQjOJnh8fek.MhnHQWyBf1J.rgnjxVNoGVVVf0HZD6P9ZQYa.RiYcGD7qpTJ3iI4jWix7WZ_fynm3NlUEQbj9xRi5exNXDvAhbm2j0SS9wfJmBKdYrQTWjkDiKvci0UNng.VI673Zoew_d84BtHmqGy6j_fC2fVv2N_iro5ss.N4YUKk5kG9Wwl4S97NB4HjqlM7qMm6QlYwgg.JASKRHI4E1oKPRgeNPpn7V4FeMmyhoHXTcPyt1Pbdp00gjomkaWM.UCZq3oskptVLfk1N6OCaWp605KntfBugeV9HbusVnYz41VjQ9JEUTzAemyztuNVYzzr_ZBk_cdeuWJLZXteGv2HQAg.vJzDvxXIDnZCDpiXsyA05oiZHHNHjB8Z0_I.OG2G.ARgZ8YhVKxJUArEno11uvnxDjbPL3WItmwZU7DNdqE.5aOW1BmMnDcqq82QjJn1xNzzvw05YUubxeqjcaUb38rBa_5mE5C0RHM4Tq6co8TuH1aCh2A0kVQ_yXwy45GW2Iqr9twFBYBWdh5A8TqiB6IxArQHrT9_cepvkqiQL.cVLnx0BDmjdydVShg9mJCu3jC1KNetHc_.hUgcQ9HIQJJgJaGOkANt.wmxeZzdH9SncXl01aT4eax93nHXbyRY_i1MpjWpjAcr6CpQXR1jHMV1KAjMHoj7OlQ6K6x4kcmdl8yzNIP3ggoa4UeZ.NbLkc2Uq1C2fvY66AexdQJZBr8LGl5aTR80Hk8rWL0KSW.kM.xyK9GtpL7ui3fLiXhgi8Vqw.ZKNalb76auhR7wa.luTwpWrvH0qATaAGL7VCD6Bkfe3lJ.Zk3CLLtP_uglpWlR2wyzZyUT3g.vSKtYipxus.WGgGFGkanFtjWAptqBJ8B.QqtEX6BJO7R9QfUHuhg5XwRfx6j2irnV5okyYu9S2939Knp.CmPmtmb6Wsyy.FIRIv5MBPeJdctY.W2aAtnrjRU8FVkieGTwcebzicTptYH30Yn0Hs9jUo5dUqACmUKtNAWXgeCigbTL0PpMWQgfliuBUt8t8suS9b5I1w8olCY11TctecRdRarHkGcMUgZIlKLk7fNiN.456L2_i60WRmQPiBLyLefrXEWM6oZ6TwS_TOrpxBTm2PHFzYHSj0fgfCm6To68UnNWrKGCUYMpWnRhSxjr7OS16JR3SggrjgFAovIcsmeE53VFnU4Iwr_OMRXXcJ9trH4kZhj.Z8bF_IepWiFxT6VgCrzgRQgUcabc8zIjjlYtO6ZSadUyYaoqwUxIBIOWYS2on9aPEWJ5bu1.Z6jkvNOrrIDbroQdVX7E.4wwyg4nXmErOGi9UDhleNhz5KIiBnRkNYfLYs6Mb6ZtxtVv7H5Xv3LZQGlWVHyTkrh_wTZ70VGK8iJLqy1sIrNiK9CZe5CvfDD9B3oOyZ5fGNSfS7ymzrZ5N1eQCerOgabr4nI1pMsGKSiXNqNf860TWkEs7FWGesD2DP8k5d2QWGnIcJQR8K5bZF3HyOcoHhfP6QmbxXrwu4NinOKZ_iw89XN5AndcQfu4hvXEwApIrQfwidCNytmuPyNckX5U3BGiPClGSEwU5yWZBIjj9p7.MhDPEw6Svcmt2A9qgldDpM4iKJvLDEQRa78dQrDebM1fAJgeJKlUKrNLOv.1blVjJkAcwJ2uk5gIf4ulDEZrVVLpHOVENRU42Mo0TSWjY7mP2SxXD1qKED7UrJQnQOF7osy_rhYgjkeHkOmFVgjT6Dz0oi7LQYdBEktD0we.tAWu_9sUTM3sNbgfFjCQ",mdrd: "I3FvDADxn72WFYv33_hL8c..lk2U9ATkk6cjfMp2Sqs-1739801880-1.2.1.1-fXUlOaXMs5wn1lhToskAo_WWI1hZ4kXcS9aF8eoE7Mqqx3pDoX1Wr.wVVIaA.xVeMJevvA0tLk.SEjeo9OvEdYfge6ZpWif1._fCzqz4DXi0Fo9wnwyYGHDfgaUV4uKR_OARYxiXSI2iyIfrLnLwn4D.2bF2nyead9PFu19VDuTSCdAENtu1V.hRSdhuITsaWQ_SVlYOcz3SDGnbsT_gzCbLJeJ9fdcJH2xNHWA.A4QOmdTQWS_T.BNTxyLdVYE029XgILQmEWufKpUZom8n5G9Q_jt8atJKtMeM19UL21ddUjsG8MtTLxVEx2ghOPyj0Ejn.gK699BpaK_c5N36olf0otURAnhYeI7uE54DwzQmy2yXWamdHbwoO0WuJqpA.O9R0a4G76Xvt.HXPTgF.NmMVehnO.N7MBxOTbnRnBXAQOBEyf56d4E7S0Fs_EE_1zCa.GlaCZ.CsyVMoIrYHIPBa9E.ECt5NHOVWr5syJwnFIspoL5C.K8Qmza_YFsNqMVgwgqlskUGTNTsCGNTValbB3JbNiLX9on95ALZSH3w8bxZ2rAwRHDh2xsZprJisF2wDHbk2KsLlnTUVIC3ai7kvb2_R0oAM5DDW0uX_5eCRbPNKtwKhJoraKQEDJ7cFrEW29I9XKnY.gRvZYrKQiqgIgwUTqPP4FILP6ttR47tXUlRw46QanGDJAVW9M8ZDaaZKRRK.yNR2wp51xNun4AT44poReBfUggJ.ISLgDlVmtjeaktx7EOx.YJ0BN8GM7lPpFC2gVUUXsAsGyB7clbEa4e3GmqQ6CU9N.I6ee7jLR_aQePHCrMrcCGVUnIiEyUviNKiPXfmk7jaM.ONJpJsEim213JmQKWQ7en11JXdu4goGvQmVJA22ZIkkMWiYUvo23dS9WIlq0iBq62x_Mde4I.2XaiKE3VsMU0mnhYkHa8WFNn7iqho2nKblsEvsjM4slKLHzdxv_z_nDNTDxa6cpOlNij1HS0RGKliTZpQnbp5m4lhRZ8xIAJXYeOEg_I0YHudvUvVC25q3BZmJ9uORIy5UVxbjZI10bK.4w5Nvkn7mAFZ0wZZYLVR7R0lG1ZpcEplt8oIQIfw1H6N1wEptf1TyVDeLyWfJTp.KcO52UA7dwWtOhYOGmGozZJBqtcsueetwERIQkQg7UdJ4FSi_7JsuLLjCwA_GZ29I0TeyY_OiNCVeFq6gJrBqbFEzQXAr8hIyA4k7ufUMiIP9GnSxSKWKThiASZLSA3K8DEXlDqJkq3Jp0a2gOfkIMB6BITfwnaHmOOpPaSFVtSFRk0NA.oUZTx590UyJI2ObHVohUaRD.pNPgVrIqpnnbpY1J9vR7OpZ2Jq_0b4.G2Nq46hBjbR5mXQg0ROKETIdYRW28w7ivSEsxvUJ_scjkGTTsbDvyauloAGYJ6Niabv9zFC1YNJrGvajXt8LStqr0tedscQvG35czn9SOSARthA7OBsFCSVVU77fNsMrViY2QRggYIcSoWexPRaSWSmjC2piXYFtTHkSf87KCtTWFpud7SZwMH_1Lfk5_sGCk746SEfzTYP_jLaoOW.nyPjZVA8kCa3gE0w16GH2F7p0ZQXlqXmgMDyutPxWQ6KFzPa6spk6j9DvdbjuqWb.8Ubg4NM8wsaY98wML9azjO.Giu8TytgU45iaImtY3UsUyc2Sqx56gq2fy3sLfXn6HoLDic9g0mT1PEforLuIh1qnYbOQ53dWA54HiWa7ZKXONsotQaC5s5zQXLIfcr90dMB54fjLV5j794zFtAvP89cABSApe68YD8dKFbBRIl9PLT4P1J.Zj6d2JXjbYrd9Cf6Wg72t_hc0OajkkL1HmYZXaUDtm0zRvAZm.6kdv9_ckaOOSavcA6we.15EFQ_rVSIvVXnVzE25H.unnup87PG1pyqQnxmf1ElrSJLWxJ3YYUl81lbjBfryfQ21viIeouYaWw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136677ad9d25ff6';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=expectancy%20testing&__cf_chl_rt_tk=PudE.STkNgZul17dsNPb.414mmK5HLBgNBEZsbfOFV0-1739801880-1.0.1.1-4yagKTZJBtJedyFE840v7SRaXAdcE0OFqY0DZFmS5GQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>