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<span>CSI Standards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-CSI_Standards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle CSI Standards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-CSI_Standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-MasterFormat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MasterFormat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>MasterFormat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MasterFormat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UniFormat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UniFormat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>UniFormat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UniFormat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SectionFormat/PageFormat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SectionFormat/PageFormat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>SectionFormat/PageFormat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SectionFormat/PageFormat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GreenFormat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GreenFormat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>GreenFormat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GreenFormat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uniform_Drawing_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uniform_Drawing_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Uniform Drawing System</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uniform_Drawing_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li 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id="toc-Construction_Specifications_Practice_Guide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction_Specifications_Practice_Guide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Construction Specifications Practice Guide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction_Specifications_Practice_Guide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction_Contract_Administration_Practice_Guide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction_Contract_Administration_Practice_Guide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Construction Contract Administration Practice Guide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction_Contract_Administration_Practice_Guide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction_Product_Representation_Practice_Guide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Construction Specifications Institute</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">CSI</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">March 1948<span class="noprint">; 76 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1948-03</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-about_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Professional association</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Construction_Specifications_Institute&params=38.804_N_77.04_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°48′14″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°02′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.804°N 77.040°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.804; -77.040</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region </div></th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language </div></th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Mark Dorsey</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors"><span class="wrap">Board of directors</span></a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Arthur "Cam" Featherstonhaugh IV, Chair</li> <li>William Sundquist, Chair Elect</li> <li>Jori Smith, Secretary</li> <li>Michael Young, Treasurer</li> <li>Jarrod Mann</li> <li>Kevin Wang</li> <li>Morayma Bittle</li> <li>Ivette Ramirex Bruns</li> <li>Patrick Comerford</li> <li>Lynsey Hankins</li> <li>Amy Hockett</li> <li>Thomas A. Lanzelotti</li> <li>Betina Latiker</li> <li>Georgia Spencer</li> <li>Robert Vaughn</li> <li>Andrea Zawodny</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Volunteers <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(1000+)</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1000+</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csiresources.org">www<wbr />.csiresources<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Construction Specifications Institute</b> (CSI) is a <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> national association of more than 6,000 construction industry professionals who are experts in building construction and the materials used therein. The institute is dedicated to improving the communication of construction information through a diversified membership base of allied professionals involved in the creation and management of the built environment, continuous development and transformation of standards and formats, education and certification of professionals to improve project delivery processes, and creation of practice tools to assist users throughout the facility life-cycle. The work of CSI is currently focused in three areas being standards and publications, construction industry professional certifications, and continuing education for construction professionals. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Specifications_Institute&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CSI was founded in March 1948 by the specification writers of government agencies who came together to improve the quality of construction specifications. The institute's efforts were essential in improving construction specification quality so that it could meet the demands of the post-war construction boom. Development of specifications best practices, promulgating standards and formats to improve the organization of specification information, professional education, and certification were cornerstones of the institute.<sup id="cite_ref-about_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Institute grew quickly to include specification writers in the private sector. </p><p>In November 2010, CSI acquired <a href="/w/index.php?title=Building_Systems_Design&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Building Systems Design (page does not exist)">Building Systems Design</a> (BSD) to help advance software tools for specifications development and communication of building information across the building team.<sup id="cite_ref-bsd_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bsd-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-keegan_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keegan-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BSD is a software firm that is a leading developer of commercial master specifications and construction cost estimating software. BSD is involved in the development and maintenance of several of CSI format documents including <a href="/wiki/MasterFormat" title="MasterFormat">MasterFormat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=UniFormat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UniFormat (page does not exist)">UniFormat</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=OmniClass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OmniClass (page does not exist)">OmniClass</a>, all of which relate to specifications and cost estimating. In 2017, BSD was the subject of a <a href="/wiki/Management_buy-out" class="mw-redirect" title="Management buy-out">management buy-out</a> backed by Caltius, leaving CSI with a minority stake in the business.<sup id="cite_ref-Howe-14Sep2017_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howe-14Sep2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2019, BSD was acquired by Germany-based <a href="/wiki/RIB_Software" title="RIB Software">RIB Software</a>, but will maintain its relationships with CSI and Construction Specifications Canada (CSC).<sup id="cite_ref-CS-10Jun2019_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CS-10Jun2019-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="CSI_Standards">CSI Standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Specifications_Institute&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: CSI Standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MasterFormat">MasterFormat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Specifications_Institute&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: MasterFormat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CSI publishes <a href="/wiki/MasterFormat" title="MasterFormat">MasterFormat</a>, which is a standardized classification for construction information, such as detailed construction project cost estimates or construction specifications. Since its debut under another title in 1963, MasterFormat consisted of <a href="/wiki/16_Divisions" title="16 Divisions">16 Divisions</a> representing broad categories of construction, such as <i>Masonry</i>, <i>Concrete</i>, <i>Electrical</i>, <i>Finishes</i>, or <i>Mechanical</i>. In November 2004, a revised edition of MasterFormat was published that expanded the categories to <a href="/wiki/50_Divisions" title="50 Divisions">50 Divisions</a>, reflecting the growing complexity of the construction industry, incorporation of a broader array of construction project types, and addition of facility life cycle and maintenance information into the classification. With this expansion, MasterFormat was positioned to help facilitate <a href="/wiki/Building_Information_Modeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Building Information Modeling">Building Information Modeling</a> (BIM) to contain project specifications. </p><p>The MasterFormat standard serves as the organizational structure for construction industry publications such as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sweets.construction.com/">the Sweets catalog</a> with a wide range of building products, and master guide specification products such as <a href="/wiki/MasterSpec" title="MasterSpec">MasterSpec</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bsdspeclink.com/">BSD SpecLink</a>. MasterFormat helps architects, engineers, owners, contractors, and manufacturers classify the construction of work results using a variety of construction resources. The MasterFormat sections within the Divisions can also be used to reference performance and safety requirements generated by agencies such as the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_Testing_and_Materials" class="mw-redirect" title="American Society for Testing and Materials">American Society for Testing and Materials</a> (ASTM) and the <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a> (OSHA), among others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UniFormat">UniFormat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Specifications_Institute&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: UniFormat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Uniformat" title="Uniformat">UniFormat</a> is a construction classification system organized by functional elements in a construction project. Functional elements are defined as "constituent parts of a construction entity with a characteristic function, form, or position."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the content of MasterFormat, most content in UniFormat is described without reference to specific means of achieving the function the element serves. </p><p>The first edition of UniFormat was published by CSI in 1992. New and revised editions of UniFormat were published by CSI in 1998 and 2010. </p><p>Titles in UniFormat Levels 1 through 3 can be applied to most project descriptions and preliminary cost estimates. Levels 4 and below provide a more detailed breakdown of the functional elements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SectionFormat/PageFormat"><span id="SectionFormat.2FPageFormat"></span>SectionFormat/PageFormat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Specifications_Institute&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: SectionFormat/PageFormat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SectionFormat provides a standard arrangement of construction specification sections into three parts: </p> <ul><li>Part 1 General, which includes administrative and procedural requirements unique to the section, expanding on subjects covered in Division 01 and adding information unique to the section.</li> <li>Part 2 Products, which describes the systems, assemblies, equipment, products, materials, fabrications, and mixes that are to be incorporated into the project.</li> <li>Part 3, Execution, which includes requirements for field/site installation or application, including preparatory actions and post-installation cleaning and protection.</li></ul> <p>This arrangement of specification section information is otherwise known as “three-part format”<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is expected and commonplace throughout the North American construction industry. CSI first published SectionFormat in 1969, the most current edition was published in 2008. </p><p>PageFormat provides a recommended style guide for presenting the titles and content of construction specifications sections as described by SectionFormat. CSI first published PageFormat in 1975. </p><p>SectionFormat and PageFormat were published as separate publications until the 2008 edition, when they were combined into a single publication </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GreenFormat">GreenFormat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Specifications_Institute&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: GreenFormat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CSI's GreenFormat is a standardized structure for organizing sustainable information elements associated with materials, products, systems, and technologies used in construction projects.<sup id="cite_ref-greenformat_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenformat-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rc-greenformat_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rc-greenformat-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By using this standardized format, manufacturers are assisted in identifying key product characteristics and providing designers, constructors, and building operators with information needed to help meet sustainable design and operation goals. The identification of the criteria, standards, and applicable certifications using GreenFormat provides designers, constructors, and building operators an effective way to evaluate the sustainable characteristics of materials, products, and processes for selection purposes. </p><p>GreenFormat arranges sustainable product information into five categories: </p> <ol><li>Product General Information</li> <li>Product Properties</li> <li>Product Life Cycle</li> <li>Manufacturer Sustainability Policies</li> <li>Manufacturer Support Documentation</li></ol> <p>CSI first published GreenFormat in 2009, the most current edition was published in 2015. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uniform_Drawing_System">Uniform Drawing System</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Specifications_Institute&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Uniform Drawing System"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CSI's Uniform Drawing System is part of the <a href="/wiki/National_CAD_Standard" title="National CAD Standard">National CAD Standard</a> (NCS), together with the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Architects" title="American Institute of Architects">American Institute of Architects</a> (AIA)'s CAD Layer Guidelines. Administered by the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Building_Sciences" title="National Institute of Building Sciences">National Institute of Building Sciences</a> (NIBS), the NCS coordinates these CAD-related publications to allow consistent and streamlined communication among owners and design/construction teams.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="CSI_Practice_Guides">CSI Practice Guides</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Specifications_Institute&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: CSI Practice Guides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CSI Practice Guide series debuted in 2011. This series replaced the CSI Project Resource Manual (PRM), first published in 2004, and the CSI Manual of Practice (MOP), published from 1967 until 2004. The Practice Guides are best practice references for construction industry professionals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Project_Delivery_Practice_Guide">Project Delivery Practice Guide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Specifications_Institute&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Project Delivery Practice Guide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CSI Project Delivery Practice Guide (PDPG) is the introductory volume in the Practice Guide Series. The PDPG presents an overview of the process needed to conceive, design, construct, and maintain a construction project. This Guide describes the many parts of that process and the inter-related roles of the various participants in the process. The second edition was published by CSI in 2017, and the most current edition, the third edition, was published by CSI in 2020. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction_Specifications_Practice_Guide">Construction Specifications Practice Guide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Specifications_Institute&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Construction Specifications Practice Guide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CSI Construction Specifications Practice Guide (CSPG) describes the process needed to effectively communicate a project design from the designer to the contractor and other members of the project team for the process of project conception, design, construction, and operation. The successful communication of a project design depends on the creation of a complete and coordinated set of construction documents both graphical and written. </p><p>The CSPG serves as a guidebook to the preparation, organization, and coordination of construction documents and focuses on the written description of a project and how that description relates to the other construction documents, the best practices for product selection and the roles and responsibilities of the parties to the process of design and construction. </p><p>The first edition of the CSPG, first published by CSI in 2011, is the most current edition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction_Contract_Administration_Practice_Guide">Construction Contract Administration Practice Guide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Specifications_Institute&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Construction Contract Administration Practice Guide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CSI Construction Contract Administration Practice Guide (CCAPG) provides a detailed discussion of the process of successfully delivering a construction project, focused on the roles of the various participants in the process and their relationship to one as described by contractual requirements in standard construction contracts. The responsibilities of team members are set forth in the contract documents and can differ depending on the method of project delivery selected for a project, the CCAPG describes these different responsibilities and recommendations for successful execution of a project. </p><p>The first edition of the CCAPG was published by CSI in 2011, and the current edition, the second edition, was published by CSI in 2020. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction_Product_Representation_Practice_Guide">Construction Product Representation Practice Guide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Specifications_Institute&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Construction Product Representation Practice Guide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CSI Construction Product Representation Practice Guide (PRPG) provides a detailed discussion of the sales and marketing of products used in the construction process, and the contributions that knowledgeable product representatives are expected to make to the design, construction, and maintenance of facilities. The PRPG provides best practice recommendations for effective construction product representation. </p><p>The first edition of the PRPG, first published by CSI in 2011, is the most current edition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="CSI_Certifications">CSI Certifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Specifications_Institute&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: CSI Certifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CSI is renowned in the construction industry for the longevity and discipline of its professional <a href="/wiki/Certification" title="Certification">certification</a> programs. These certifications all signify attainment of a level of knowledge and experience in specific practice areas in construction. All CSI certifications require meeting a minimum level of education or experience to qualify to sit for the certification exams, and completion of continuing education to qualify for renewal of the credential. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction_Documents_Technology_(CDT)"><span id="Construction_Documents_Technology_.28CDT.29"></span>Construction Documents Technology (CDT)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Specifications_Institute&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Construction Documents Technology (CDT)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>First awarded in 1986, the CDT is a comprehensive overview for anyone who writes, interprets, enforces, or manages construction documents. The CDT credential was initially offered as a certificate, and was transitioned to a professional certification in April 2018. </p><p>Over 20,000 professionals currently hold the CDT credential. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Certified_Construction_Specifier_(CCS)"><span id="Certified_Construction_Specifier_.28CCS.29"></span>Certified Construction Specifier (CCS)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Specifications_Institute&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Certified Construction Specifier (CCS)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Awarded since 1978, the Certified Construction Specifier (CCS) certification demonstrates excellence and experience in specifications and contract document preparation. </p><p>Over 800 professionals currently hold the CCS credential. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Certified_Construction_Contract_Administrator_(CCCA)"><span id="Certified_Construction_Contract_Administrator_.28CCCA.29"></span>Certified Construction Contract Administrator (CCCA)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Specifications_Institute&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Certified Construction Contract Administrator (CCCA)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>First awarded in 1991, The CCCA demonstrates deep knowledge about all facets of the construction project delivery process, the terms of and relationships established by standard construction contracts, and best practices for administration of those contracts to ensure construction results match owner needs. </p><p>Over 725 professionals currently hold the CCCA credential. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Certified_Construction_Product_Representative_(CCPR)"><span id="Certified_Construction_Product_Representative_.28CCPR.29"></span>Certified Construction Product Representative (CCPR)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Specifications_Institute&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Certified Construction Product Representative (CCPR)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>First awarded in 1989, The CCPR demonstrates an in-depth understanding of the construction process, the information needs of designers and contractors, and a superior ability in meeting those needs through effective communication of construction product properties and functions. </p><p>Over 150 professionals currently hold the CCPR credential. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Specifications_Institute&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Specification_(technical_standard)" title="Specification (technical standard)">Specification (technical standard)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Specifications_Institute&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Construction Specifications Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CSI&rft.atitle=About+Us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csiresources.org%2Finstitute%2Fcsi-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstruction+Specifications+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bsd-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bsd_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120201113136/http://www.csinet.org/bsdpr">"CSI Acquires BSD"</a>. <i>The Construction Specifications Institute</i>. 1 November 2010. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CSI&rft.atitle=GreenFormat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csiresources.org%2Fpractice%2Fstandards%2Fgreenformat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstruction+Specifications+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fmlink.com/articles/csi-to-debut-greenformat-at-greenbuild-conference/">"CSI to debut GreenFormat at Greenbuild conference"</a>. <i>FMLink</i>. 31 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Roofing+Contractor&rft.atitle=CSI+Introduces+Green+Format&rft.date=2008-12-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roofingcontractor.com%2Farticles%2F86280-csi-introduces-green-format-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstruction+Specifications+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nibs.org/news/192322/AIA-CSI-and-NIBS-Publish-Updated-United-States-National-CAD-Standard.htm">"AIA, CSI and NIBS Publish Updated United States National CAD Standard"</a>. <i>National Institute of Building Sciences</i>. 9 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Institute+of+Building+Sciences&rft.atitle=AIA%2C+CSI+and+NIBS+Publish+Updated+United+States+National+CAD+Standard&rft.date=2014-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nibs.org%2Fnews%2F192322%2FAIA-CSI-and-NIBS-Publish-Updated-United-States-National-CAD-Standard.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstruction+Specifications+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Specifications_Institute&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csiresources.org">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csc-dcc.ca/">Construction Specifications Canada</a>, an organization that co-authors certain documents with CSI</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Construction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Construction_overview" title="Template:Construction overview"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Construction_overview" title="Template talk:Construction overview"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Construction_overview" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Construction overview"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Construction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Construction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_construction" title="Home construction">Home construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offshore_construction" title="Offshore construction">Offshore construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_construction" title="Underground construction">Underground construction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_construction" title="Tunnel construction">Tunnel construction</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_construction" title="History of construction">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_structural_engineering" title="History of structural engineering">Structural engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_architecture" title="Timeline of architecture">Timeline of architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_water_supply_and_sanitation" title="History of water supply and sanitation">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">Architect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_engineer" title="Building engineer">Building engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_estimator" title="Building estimator">Building estimator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_officials" title="Building officials">Building officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Building_Surveyor" title="Chartered Building Surveyor">Chartered Building Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_engineer" title="Civil engineer">Civil engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_estimator" title="Civil estimator">Civil estimator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerk_of_works" title="Clerk of works">Clerk of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_manager" title="Project manager">Project manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantity_surveyor" title="Quantity surveyor">Quantity surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site_manager" title="Site manager">Site manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_engineer" title="Structural engineer">Structural engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superintendent_(construction)" title="Superintendent (construction)">Superintendent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trades workers<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_construction_trades" title="List of construction trades">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banksman" title="Banksman">Banksman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boilermaker" title="Boilermaker">Boilermaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricklayer" title="Bricklayer">Bricklayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpentry" title="Carpentry">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_finisher" title="Concrete finisher">Concrete finisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_foreman" title="Construction foreman">Construction foreman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_worker" title="Construction worker">Construction worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrician" title="Electrician">Electrician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glazier" title="Glazier">Glazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironworker" title="Ironworker">Ironworker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millwright" title="Millwright">Millwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasterer" title="Plasterer">Plasterer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumber" title="Plumber">Plumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roofer" title="Roofer">Roofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_fixer" title="Steel fixer">Steel fixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welder" title="Welder">Welder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Constructors" title="American Institute of Constructors">American Institute of Constructors</a> (AIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Civil_Engineers" title="American Society of Civil Engineers">American Society of Civil Engineers</a> (ASCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asbestos_Testing_and_Consultancy_Association" title="Asbestos Testing and Consultancy Association">Asbestos Testing and Consultancy Association</a> (ATAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associated_General_Contractors_of_America" title="Associated General Contractors of America">Associated General Contractors of America</a> (AGC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Plumbing_and_Heating_Contractors" title="Association of Plumbing and Heating Contractors">Association of Plumbing and Heating Contractors</a> (APHC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Build_UK" title="Build UK">Build UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_History_Society" title="Construction History Society">Construction History Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Institution_of_Civil_Engineering_Surveyors" title="Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors">Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors</a> (CICES)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Institute_of_Plumbing_and_Heating_Engineering" title="Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering">Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering</a> (CIPHE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Engineering_Contractors_Association" title="Civil Engineering Contractors Association">Civil Engineering Contractors Association</a> (CECA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Concrete_Society" title="The Concrete Society">The Concrete Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_Management_Association_of_America" title="Construction Management Association of America">Construction Management Association of America</a> (CMAA)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Construction Specifications Institute</a> (CSI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDIC" class="mw-redirect" title="FIDIC">FIDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Builders_Federation" title="Home Builders Federation">Home Builders Federation</a> (HBF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting_Association" title="Lighting Association">Lighting Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Home_Builders" title="National Association of Home Builders">National Association of Home Builders</a> (NAHB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Women_in_Construction" title="National Association of Women in Construction">National Association of Women in Construction</a> (NAWIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Protection_Association" title="National Fire Protection Association">National Fire Protection Association</a> (NFPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Kitchen_%26_Bath_Association" title="National Kitchen & Bath Association">National Kitchen & Bath Association</a> (NKBA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Railroad_Construction_and_Maintenance_Association" title="National Railroad Construction and Maintenance Association">National Railroad Construction and Maintenance Association</a> (NRC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Tile_Contractors_Association" title="National Tile Contractors Association">National Tile Contractors Association</a> (NTCA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Tie_Association" title="Railway Tie Association">Railway Tie Association</a> (RTA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution_of_Chartered_Surveyors" title="Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors">Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors</a> (RICS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Building_Federation" title="Scottish Building Federation">Scottish Building Federation</a> (SBF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Construction_Arbitrators" title="Society of Construction Arbitrators">Society of Construction Arbitrators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_India" title="Construction industry of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_Iran" title="Construction industry of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_Japan" title="Construction industry of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_Romania" title="Construction industry of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_construction_and_contracting_industry" title="Turkish construction and contracting industry">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Construction industry of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Construction industry in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Building_code" title="Building code">Building code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_law" title="Construction law">Construction law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_site_safety" title="Construction site safety">Site safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">Zoning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">Style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_architectural_styles" title="List of architectural styles">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_architecture" title="Industrial architecture">Industrial architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_industrial_architecture" title="British industrial architecture">British</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_architecture" title="Indigenous architecture">Indigenous architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_architecture" title="Interior architecture">Interior architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_architecture" title="Landscape architecture">Landscape architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_architecture" title="Vernacular architecture">Vernacular architecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_engineering" title="Architectural engineering">Architectural engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_services_engineering" title="Building services engineering">Building services engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">Civil engineering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_engineering" title="Coastal engineering">Coastal engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_engineering" title="Construction engineering">Construction engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_engineering" title="Structural engineering">Structural engineering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthquake_engineering" title="Earthquake engineering">Earthquake engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">Environmental engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotechnical_engineering" title="Geotechnical engineering">Geotechnical engineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_construction_methods" title="List of construction methods">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthbag_construction" title="Earthbag construction">Earthbag construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_methods_of_construction" title="Modern methods of construction">Modern methods of construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocrete_construction" title="Monocrete construction">Monocrete construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_forming" title="Slip forming">Slip forming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Building_material" title="Building material">Building material</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_building_materials" title="List of building materials">List of building materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millwork_(building_material)" class="mw-redirect" title="Millwork (building material)">Millwork</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_bidding" title="Construction bidding">Construction bidding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_delay" title="Construction delay">Construction delay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_equipment_theft" title="Construction equipment theft">Construction equipment theft</a></li> <li>Construction loan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_management" title="Construction management">Construction management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_waste" title="Construction waste">Construction waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition" title="Demolition">Demolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design%E2%80%93build" title="Design–build">Design–build</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design%E2%80%93bid%E2%80%93build" title="Design–bid–build">Design–bid–build</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DFMA" title="DFMA">DfMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_equipment" title="Heavy equipment">Heavy equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_design" title="Interior design">Interior design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_buildings_and_structures" title="Lists of buildings and structures">Lists of buildings and structures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures" title="List of tallest buildings and structures">List of tallest buildings and structures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megaproject" title="Megaproject">Megaproject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megastructure" title="Megastructure">Megastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasterwork" title="Plasterwork">Plasterwork</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damp_(structural)" title="Damp (structural)">Damp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damp_proofing" title="Damp proofing">Proofing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parge_coat" title="Parge coat">Parge coat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roughcast" title="Roughcast">Roughcast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harling_(wall_finish)" title="Harling (wall finish)">Harling</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_development" title="Real estate development">Real estate development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonemasonry" title="Stonemasonry">Stonemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_in_construction" title="Sustainability in construction">Sustainability in construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfinished_building" title="Unfinished building">Unfinished building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_design" title="Urban design">Urban design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">Urban planning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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