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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Internationalism (linguistics)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كلمة عالمية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كلمة عالمية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Інтэрнацыяналізмы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Інтэрнацыяналізмы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalismus_(Sprache)" title="Internationalismus (Sprache) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Internationalismus (Sprache)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internacia_vorto" title="Internacia vorto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Internacia vorto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internacionalizmi" title="Internacionalizmi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Internacionalizmi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sve%C5%A1v%C4%81rds" title="Svešvārds – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Svešvārds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarptautinis_%C5%BEodis" title="Tarptautinis žodis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tarptautinis žodis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internacjonalizm_(j%C4%99zykoznawstwo)" title="Internacjonalizm (językoznawstwo) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Internacjonalizm (językoznawstwo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_(%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Интернационализм (лексика) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Интернационализм (лексика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internacionalizmus_(lingvistika)" title="Internacionalizmus (lingvistika) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Internacionalizmus (lingvistika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Интернационализам (лингвистика) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Интернационализам (лингвистика)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internacionalizam_(lingvistika)" title="Internacionalizam (lingvistika) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Internacionalizam (lingvistika)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationellt_ord" title="Internationellt ord – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Internationellt ord" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Internationalism%22+linguistics">"Internationalism" linguistics</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Internationalism%22+linguistics+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Internationalism%22+linguistics&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Internationalism%22+linguistics+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Internationalism%22+linguistics">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Internationalism%22+linguistics&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalismus_(Sprache)" class="extiw" title="de:Internationalismus (Sprache)">the corresponding article</a> in German</b>.  <i><small>(October 2013)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fde.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInternationalismus_(Sprache)&sl=de&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the German article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Consider <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Expand_German#Topics_and_categorization" title="Template:Expand German">adding a topic</a></b> to this template: there are already 2,064 articles in the <a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_translation_from_German_Wikipedia" title="Category:Articles needing translation from German Wikipedia">main category</a>, and specifying<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|topic=</code> will aid in categorization.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Internationalismus (Sprache)]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|de|Internationalismus (Sprache)}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Internationalism_(linguistics)" title="Talk:Internationalism (linguistics)">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a>, an <b>internationalism</b> or <b>international word</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanword</a> that occurs in several languages (that is, <a href="/wiki/Translingualism" title="Translingualism">translingually</a>) with the same or at least similar meaning and etymology. These words exist in "several different languages as a result of simultaneous or successive borrowings from the ultimate source".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pronunciation" title="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">orthography</a> are similar so that the word is understandable between the different languages. </p><p>It is debated how many languages are required for a word to be considered an internationalism.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Furthermore, the languages required can also depend on the specific <a href="/wiki/Target_language_(translation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Target language (translation)">target language</a> at stake. For example, according to <a href="/wiki/Ghil%27ad_Zuckermann" title="Ghil'ad Zuckermann">Ghil'ad Zuckermann</a>, the most important languages that should include the same lexical item in order for it to qualify as an internationalism in <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Hebrew</a> are <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term is uncommon in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, although English has contributed a considerable number of words to world languages, e.g., the sport terms <i><a href="/wiki/Football_(soccer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Football (soccer)">football</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a></i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/International_scientific_vocabulary" title="International scientific vocabulary">International scientific vocabulary</a> is a class of terms that contains many internationalisms. For some of them it is known which modern language used them first, whereas for others it is not traceable, but the chronologic sequence is usually of limited practical importance anyway, as almost immediately after their origination they appeared in multiple languages. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internationalism_(linguistics)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>European internationalisms originate primarily from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> or <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, but from other languages as well.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, due to <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> being the main <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a>, an increasing number of internationalisms originate from English. Many non-European words have also become international. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diffusion">Diffusion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internationalism_(linguistics)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Diffusion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Internationalisms often spread together with the innovations they designate. Accordingly, there are <a href="/wiki/Semantic_field" title="Semantic field">semantic fields</a> dominated by specific languages, e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">computing</a> vocabulary which is mainly <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> with internationalisms such as <i><a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Disk_storage" title="Disk storage">disk</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Spam_(electronic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spam (electronic)">spam</a></i>. New inventions, political institutions, foodstuffs, leisure activities, science, and technological advances have all generated new <a href="/wiki/Lexemes" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexemes">lexemes</a> and continue to do so: <i><a href="/wiki/Bionics" title="Bionics">bionics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cybernetics" title="Cybernetics">cybernetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a>, etc</i>.. </p><p>Some internationalisms are spread by speakers of one language living in geographical regions where other languages are spoken. For example, some internationalisms coming from the English in India are <i><a href="/wiki/Bungalow" title="Bungalow">bungalow</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Jute" title="Jute">jute</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Khaki" title="Khaki">khaki</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pyjamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyjamas">pyjamas</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Sari" title="Sari">sari</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_constructed_IALs">Use in constructed IALs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internationalism_(linguistics)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Use in constructed IALs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Interlingua" title="Interlingua">Interlingua</a></div> <p>Due to their widespread use, internationalisms are often loaned into <a href="/wiki/International_auxiliary_language" title="International auxiliary language">international auxiliary languages</a>. Many <a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">constructed</a> IALs borrow vocabulary that is already known by learners, so that they are as easy as possible to learn. </p><p>Internationalisms that occur in many languages are usually <a href="/wiki/Interlingua_and_eligibility_of_international_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlingua and eligibility of international words">eligible to be included in Interlingua</a>. Early internationalisms, such as those from French and German, tend to be part of <a href="/wiki/Interlingua" title="Interlingua">Interlingua</a>'s basic vocabulary. Later internationalisms, often from English, tend to be Interlingua loanwords. Among Asian languages, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> most often provides basic vocabulary, while <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> contributes recent loanwords. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internationalism_(linguistics)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/academy" class="extiw" title="wikt:academy">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/airport" class="extiw" title="wikt:airport">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ambulance" class="extiw" title="wikt:ambulance">Ambulance</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ananas" class="extiw" title="wikt:ananas">Ananas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a> in English)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/antenna" class="extiw" title="wikt:antenna">Antenna</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/athlete" class="extiw" title="wikt:athlete">Athlete</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atom" class="extiw" title="wikt:atom">Atom</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/automobile" class="extiw" title="wikt:automobile">Automobile</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/baby" class="extiw" title="wikt:baby">Baby</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bacon" class="extiw" title="wikt:bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ballerina" class="extiw" title="wikt:ballerina">Ballerina</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ballet" class="extiw" title="wikt:ballet">Ballet</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bar" class="extiw" title="wikt:bar">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blog" class="extiw" title="wikt:blog">Blog</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bravo" class="extiw" title="wikt:bravo">Bravo</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/burger" class="extiw" title="wikt:burger">Burger</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bus" class="extiw" title="wikt:bus">Bus</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cabin" class="extiw" title="wikt:cabin">Cabin</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cable" class="extiw" title="wikt:cable">Cable</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/centre" class="extiw" title="wikt:centre">Centre</a> (or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/center" class="extiw" title="wikt:center">center</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chocolate" class="extiw" title="wikt:chocolate">Chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coffee" class="extiw" title="wikt:coffee">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cola" class="extiw" title="wikt:cola">Cola</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/colony" class="extiw" title="wikt:colony">Colony</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/comedy" class="extiw" title="wikt:comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/computer" class="extiw" title="wikt:computer">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/copy" class="extiw" title="wikt:copy">Copy</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/corridor" class="extiw" title="wikt:corridor">Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coupon" class="extiw" title="wikt:coupon">Coupon</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/delta" class="extiw" title="wikt:delta">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/design" class="extiw" title="wikt:design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dictator" class="extiw" title="wikt:dictator">Dictator</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diploma" class="extiw" title="wikt:diploma">Diploma</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/doctor" class="extiw" title="wikt:doctor">Doctor</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/foxtrot" class="extiw" title="wikt:foxtrot">Foxtrot</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/golf" class="extiw" title="wikt:golf">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gorilla" class="extiw" title="wikt:gorilla">Gorilla</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/harmony" class="extiw" title="wikt:harmony">Harmony</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hospital" class="extiw" title="wikt:hospital">Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hotel" class="extiw" title="wikt:hotel">Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inspection" class="extiw" title="wikt:inspection">Inspection</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/international" class="extiw" title="wikt:international">International</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Internet" class="extiw" title="wikt:Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/interview" class="extiw" title="wikt:interview">Interview</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/league#Noun" class="extiw" title="wikt:league">League</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/literature" class="extiw" title="wikt:literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/machine" class="extiw" title="wikt:machine">Machine</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/magnet" class="extiw" title="wikt:magnet">Magnet</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mama" class="extiw" title="wikt:mama">Mama</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/margarine" class="extiw" title="wikt:margarine">Margarine</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/marmalade" class="extiw" title="wikt:marmalade">Marmalade</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/massage" class="extiw" title="wikt:massage">Massage</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/medal" class="extiw" title="wikt:medal">Medal</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/medicine" class="extiw" title="wikt:medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/menu" class="extiw" title="wikt:menu">Menu</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metro" class="extiw" title="wikt:metro">Metro</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/microphone" class="extiw" title="wikt:microphone">Microphone</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/microscope" class="extiw" title="wikt:microscope">Microscope</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/motor" class="extiw" title="wikt:motor">Motor</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/number" class="extiw" title="wikt:number">Number</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/okay" class="extiw" title="wikt:okay">Okay</a> (or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/OK" class="extiw" title="wikt:OK">OK</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Olympiad" class="extiw" title="wikt:Olympiad">Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/operation" class="extiw" title="wikt:operation">Operation</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/papa" class="extiw" title="wikt:papa">Papa</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/party" class="extiw" title="wikt:party">Party</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pedal" class="extiw" title="wikt:pedal">Pedal</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pistol" class="extiw" title="wikt:pistol">Pistol</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pizza" class="extiw" title="wikt:pizza">Pizza</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/police" class="extiw" title="wikt:police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/politics" class="extiw" title="wikt:politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/psychology" class="extiw" title="wikt:psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quiz" class="extiw" title="wikt:quiz">Quiz</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/radio" class="extiw" title="wikt:radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/register" class="extiw" title="wikt:register">Register</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sandal" class="extiw" title="wikt:sandal">Sandal</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sardine" class="extiw" title="wikt:sardine">Sardine</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Satan" class="extiw" title="wikt:Satan">Satan</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sauna" class="extiw" title="wikt:sauna">Sauna</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shock" class="extiw" title="wikt:shock">Shock</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/signal" class="extiw" title="wikt:signal">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sport" class="extiw" title="wikt:sport">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/station" class="extiw" title="wikt:station">Station</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Stress" class="extiw" title="wikt:Stress">Stress</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/studio" class="extiw" title="wikt:studio">Studio</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/taboo" class="extiw" title="wikt:taboo">Taboo</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tango" class="extiw" title="wikt:tango">Tango</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/taxi" class="extiw" title="wikt:taxi">Taxi</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/telephone" class="extiw" title="wikt:telephone">Telephone</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/telescope" class="extiw" title="wikt:telescope">Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/television" class="extiw" title="wikt:television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tennis" class="extiw" title="wikt:tennis">Tennis</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/test" class="extiw" title="wikt:test">Test</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tokamak" class="extiw" title="wikt:tokamak">Tokamak</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tomahawk" class="extiw" title="wikt:tomahawk">Tomahawk</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tomato" class="extiw" title="wikt:tomato">Tomato</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tractor" class="extiw" title="wikt:tractor">Tractor</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transport" class="extiw" title="wikt:transport">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tsunami" class="extiw" title="wikt:tsunami">Tsunami</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/uniform" class="extiw" title="wikt:uniform">Uniform</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/visa" class="extiw" title="wikt:visa">Visa</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whiskey" class="extiw" title="wikt:whiskey">Whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/X-ray" class="extiw" title="wikt:X-ray">X-ray</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internationalism_(linguistics)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_scientific_vocabulary" title="International scientific vocabulary">International scientific vocabulary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlingua" title="Interlingua">Interlingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_word" title="Hybrid word">Hybrid word</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical compound">Classical compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek and Latin roots in English">Greek and Latin roots in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phono-semantic_matching" title="Phono-semantic matching">Phono-semantic matching</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internationalism_(linguistics)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Peter Braun, Burkhard Schaeder, Johannes Volmert (eds.): Internationalismen II. Studien zur interlingualen Lexikologie und Lexikographie (Reihe Germanistische Linguistik. Band 246), Tübingen: Niemeyer 2003, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-484-31246-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-484-31246-7">3-484-31246-7</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internationalism_(linguistics)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold1986" class="citation book cs1">Arnold, Irina Vladimirovna (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukrsurt.com.ua/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Arnold-I.V.-The-English-Word.pdf"><i>The English Word</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Moscow<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+English+Word&rft.place=Moscow&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Irina+Vladimirovna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukrsurt.com.ua%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F02%2FArnold-I.V.-The-English-Word.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternationalism+%28linguistics%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pages 187-188 in <a href="/wiki/Language_Contact_and_Lexical_Enrichment_in_Israeli_Hebrew" title="Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew">Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew</a>, by Ghil'ad Zuckermann, <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWexler1969" class="citation journal cs1">Wexler, Paul (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/ling.1969.7.48.77/html">"Towards a Structural Definition of 'Internationalisms'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Linguistics</i>. <b>7</b> (48). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fling.1969.7.48.77">10.1515/ling.1969.7.48.77</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0024-3949">0024-3949</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144470730">144470730</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Linguistics&rft.atitle=Towards+a+Structural+Definition+of+%27Internationalisms%27&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=48&rft.date=1969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144470730%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0024-3949&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fling.1969.7.48.77&rft.aulast=Wexler&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2Fling.1969.7.48.77%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternationalism+%28linguistics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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