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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cameroon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Cameroon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cameroon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Egypt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethiopia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethiopia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Ethiopia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethiopia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kenya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kenya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Kenya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kenya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nigeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nigeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Nigeria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nigeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 South Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Asia </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Asia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Asia subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bangladesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangladesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Bangladesh </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangladesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mainland_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mainland_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Mainland China </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mainland_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Hong Kong </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Indonesia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 India </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Iran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Japan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jordan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jordan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Jordan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jordan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kazakhstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kazakhstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 Kazakhstan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kazakhstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kuwait" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuwait"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.11 Kuwait </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuwait-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.12 Malaysia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.13 Palestine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.14 Philippines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saudi_Arabia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saudi_Arabia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.15 Saudi Arabia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saudi_Arabia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singapore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singapore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.16 Singapore </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singapore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.17 South Korea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sri_Lanka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sri_Lanka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.18 Sri Lanka </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sri_Lanka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.19 Taiwan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thailand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thailand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.20 Thailand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thailand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.21 Turkey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Arab_Emirates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Arab_Emirates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.22 United Arab Emirates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Arab_Emirates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vietnam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vietnam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.23 Vietnam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vietnam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Europe </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Europe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Europe subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Belgium </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Croatia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croatia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Croatia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croatia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Denmark </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Finland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 France </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Germany </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Hungary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 Ireland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9 Italy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10 Netherlands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.11 Poland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.12 Russia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.13 Sweden </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.14 United Kingdom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romanis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romanis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.15 Romanis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romanis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 North America </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-North_America-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle North America subsection </button> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Canada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alberta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alberta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Alberta </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alberta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Columbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Columbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 British Columbia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Columbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ontario" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ontario"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.3 Ontario </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ontario-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quebec" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quebec"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.4 Quebec </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quebec-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hutterites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hutterites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.5 Hutterites </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hutterites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arizona" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arizona"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Arizona </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arizona-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arkansas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arkansas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Arkansas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arkansas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-California" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#California"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.3 California </div> </a> <ul id="toc-California-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colorado" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colorado"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.4 Colorado </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colorado-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Connecticut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connecticut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.5 Connecticut </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Connecticut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Delaware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delaware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.6 Delaware </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delaware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Florida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Florida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.7 Florida </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Florida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Georgia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Georgia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.8 Georgia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Georgia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illinois" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illinois"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.9 Illinois </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illinois-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indiana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indiana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.10 Indiana </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indiana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kansas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kansas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.11 Kansas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kansas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Louisiana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Louisiana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.12 Louisiana </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Louisiana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.13 Maine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maryland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maryland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.14 Maryland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maryland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Massachusetts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Massachusetts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.15 Massachusetts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Massachusetts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Michigan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Michigan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.16 Michigan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Michigan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minnesota" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minnesota"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.17 Minnesota </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minnesota-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missouri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missouri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.18 Missouri </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Missouri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nebraska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nebraska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.19 Nebraska </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nebraska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Jersey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Jersey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.20 New Jersey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Jersey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.21 New Mexico </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_York" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_York"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.22 New York </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_York-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Carolina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Carolina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.23 North Carolina </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Carolina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ohio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ohio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.24 Ohio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ohio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oklahoma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oklahoma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.25 Oklahoma </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oklahoma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oregon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oregon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.26 Oregon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oregon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pennsylvania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pennsylvania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.27 Pennsylvania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pennsylvania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Carolina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Carolina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.28 South Carolina </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Carolina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Texas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Texas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.29 Texas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Texas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.30 Utah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Washington" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Washington"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.31 Washington </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Washington-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wisconsin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wisconsin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.32 Wisconsin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wisconsin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oceania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oceania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Oceania </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Oceania subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Fiji </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 New Zealand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 South America </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-South_America-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle South America subsection </button> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Argentina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argentina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Argentina </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argentina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolivia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolivia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Bolivia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolivia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Brazil </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Responses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" > 17 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AB_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="قائمة حوادث كراهية الأجانب والعنصرية المرتبطة بجائحة فيروس كورونا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قائمة حوادث كراهية الأجانب والعنصرية المرتبطة بجائحة فيروس كورونا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinof%C3%B2bia_i_sentiment_antiasi%C3%A0tic_per_la_pand%C3%A8mia_de_COVID-19" title="Sinofòbia i sentiment antiasiàtic per la pandèmia de COVID-19 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sinofòbia i sentiment antiasiàtic per la pandèmia de COVID-19" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9E%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%87%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%B5_%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1_COVID-19" title="Ξενοφοβία και ρατσισμός σχετιζόμενα με την πανδημία COVID-19 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ξενοφοβία και ρατσισμός σχετιζόμενα με την πανδημία COVID-19" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinofobia_y_sentimiento_antiasi%C3%A1tico_por_la_pandemia_de_COVID-19" title="Sinofobia y sentimiento antiasiático por la pandemia de COVID-19 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sinofobia y sentimiento antiasiático por la pandemia de COVID-19" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D9%86%DA%98%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B7_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%E2%80%93%DB%B1%DB%B9" title="فهرست موارد بیگانه‌ستیزی و نژادپرستی مرتبط با دنیاگیری کووید–۱۹ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فهرست موارد بیگانه‌ستیزی و نژادپرستی مرتبط با دنیاگیری کووید–۱۹" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C3%A9nophobie_et_racisme_li%C3%A9s_%C3%A0_la_pand%C3%A9mie_de_Covid-19" title="Xénophobie et racisme liés à la pandémie de Covid-19 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Xénophobie et racisme liés à la pandémie de Covid-19" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%A1%9C%EB%82%9819_%EB%B2%94%EC%9C%A0%ED%96%89%EC%97%90_%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C_%EC%A0%9C%EB%85%B8%ED%8F%AC%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84%EC%99%80_%EC%9D%B8%EC%A2%85_%EC%B0%A8%EB%B3%84" title="코로나19 범유행에 관한 제노포비아와 인종 차별 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코로나19 범유행에 관한 제노포비아와 인종 차별" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_insiden_xenofobia_dan_rasisme_terkait_pandemi_Covid-19" title="Daftar insiden xenofobia dan rasisme terkait pandemi Covid-19 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daftar insiden xenofobia dan rasisme terkait pandemi Covid-19" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenofobia_dan_perkauman_berkaitan_pandemik_COVID-19" title="Xenofobia dan perkauman berkaitan pandemik COVID-19 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Xenofobia dan perkauman berkaitan pandemik COVID-19" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casos_de_xenofobia_e_racismo_relacionados_%C3%A0_pandemia_de_COVID-19" title="Casos de xenofobia e racismo relacionados à pandemia de COVID-19 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Casos de xenofobia e racismo relacionados à pandemia de COVID-19" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of incidents of xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="List of incidents of xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%DA%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%84%DB%95_%D8%A8%DB%8E%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95_%D9%88_%DA%95%DB%95%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B2%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%DA%A4%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%A1%D9%A9" title="پێڕستی ڕووداوەکانی ترس لە بێگانە و ڕەگەزپەرستی دەربارەی پەتای جیھانیی کۆڤید-١٩ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێڕستی ڕووداوەکانی ترس لە بێگانە و ڕەگەزپەرستی دەربارەی پەتای جیھانیی کۆڤید-١٩" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%83_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_19" title="Синофобија и антиазијско расположење у пандемији ковид 19 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Синофобија и антиазијско расположење у пандемији ковид 19" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%B3_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7_2019%D8%A1%E2%80%932020%D8%A1_%D8%B3%DB%92_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%82%DB%81_%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%BA_%D8%B3%DB%92_%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="کورونا وائرس کی وبا 2019ء–2020ء سے متعلقہ غیر ملکیوں سے نفرت اور نسل پرستی کے واقعات کی فہرست – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کورونا وائرس کی وبا 2019ء–2020ء سے متعلقہ غیر ملکیوں سے نفرت اور نسل پرستی کے واقعات کی فہرست" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019-2020_%D9%8A%DB%90%DA%AD%D9%89_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%BE%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%83%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%8B%D9%89%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%B3_%DB%8B%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D9%85%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89%DA%AF%DB%95_%D9%85%DB%87%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%89%DB%8B%DB%95%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83_%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%89_%DB%8B%DB%95_%D9%85%D9%89%D9%84%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%83%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89%D8%B4" title="2019-2020 يېڭى تىپتىكى تاجىسىمان ۋىرۇس ۋەھىمىسىگە مۇناسىۋەتلىك ئىرقى ۋە مىللى كەمسىتىش – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="2019-2020 يېڭى تىپتىكى تاجىسىمان ۋىرۇس ۋەھىمىسىگە مۇناسىۋەتلىك ئىرقى ۋە مىللى كەمسىتىش" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A0i_ngo%E1%BA%A1i_v%C3%A0_ph%C3%A2n_bi%E1%BB%87t_ch%E1%BB%A7ng_t%E1%BB%99c_li%C3%AAn_quan_%C4%91%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i_d%E1%BB%8Bch_COVID-19" title="Bài ngoại và phân biệt chủng tộc liên quan đến đại dịch COVID-19 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bài ngoại và phân biệt chủng tộc liên quan đến đại dịch COVID-19" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8B%80%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E6%8E%92%E5%A4%96%E5%8F%8A%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="2019冠狀病毒病疫情相關排外及種族主義 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="2019冠狀病毒病疫情相關排外及種族主義" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#ffdd99;p">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Discrimination" title="Category:Discrimination">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; background:#ffdd99;"><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.5em 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F6AB.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/70px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/105px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/140px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Forms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination" title="Structural discrimination">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_discrimination_(economics)" title="Statistical discrimination (economics)">Statistical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taste-based_discrimination" title="Taste-based discrimination">Taste-based</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Attributes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_discrimination" title="Dialect discrimination">Dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" title="Genetic discrimination">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" title="Discrimination based on hair texture">Hair texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_discrimination" title="Height discrimination">Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_discrimination" title="Linguistic discrimination">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookism" title="Lookism">Looks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanism" title="Sanism">Mental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeism" title="Sizeism">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewpoint_discrimination" title="Viewpoint discrimination">Viewpoint</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Social</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Anti-albinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" title="Discrimination against homeless people">Anti-homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" title="Discrimination against drug addicts">Anti-drug addicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Anti-intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" title="Bias against left-handed people">Anti-left handedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporophobia" title="Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audism" title="Audism">Audism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannism">Clannism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebiphobia" title="Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">Social determinants of health in poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">Social determinants of mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">Fatphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontophobia" title="Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" title="Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_children" title="Fear of children">Pedophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" title="Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Christianity" title="Persecution of Orthodox Tewahedo Christianity">Tewahedo Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Ethnic/<a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">national</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment" title="Anti-Afghan sentiment">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_France" title="Anti-Asian racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_post-Apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in post-Apartheid South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Azerbaijani_sentiment" title="Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Negrophobia">Black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_discrimination_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black discrimination in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_racism_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bengali_sentiment_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bengali sentiment in India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Protection_of_Macedonian_National_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law for the Protection of Macedonian National Honor">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Colombian_sentiment" title="Anti-Colombian sentiment">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Croat_sentiment" title="Anti-Croat sentiment">Croat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" title="Anti-Fulani sentiment">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" title="Anti-Finnish sentiment">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" title="Anti-Georgian sentiment">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihaitianismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihaitianismo">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Indian</a></li> <li>Indigenous people <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" title="Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Lithuanian sentiment">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Malay_sentiment" title="Anti-Malay sentiment">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" title="Anti-Māori sentiment">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" title="Anti-Mongolianism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nigerian_sentiment" title="Anti-Nigerian sentiment">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" title="Anti-Quebec sentiment">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Scottish_sentiment" title="Anti-Scottish sentiment">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" title="Anti-Somali sentiment">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia" title="Tatarophobia">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Uyghur_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Uyghur sentiment">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Welsh_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Welsh sentiment">Welsh</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Manifestations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">Anti-LGBTQ movemenet in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" title="Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_of_excellence" title="Discrimination of excellence">Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-based_dress_codes" title="Gender-based dress codes">Gender-based dress codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_policy" title="Cosmetics policy">Cosmetics policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_heel_policy" title="High heel policy">High heel policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_show" title="Freak show">Freak show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">examples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_dumping" title="Patient dumping">Homeless dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_discrimination" title="Housing discrimination">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rolling" title="Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Haole_Day" title="Kill Haole Day">Kill Haole Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">List of people killed for being transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Murder music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Native American mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_segregation" title="Occupational segregation">Occupational segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_genocide" title="Paper genocide">Paper genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Policies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpieza_de_sangre" title="Limpieza de sangre">Blood purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disabilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disabilities_(Catholics)" title="Disabilities (Catholics)">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish disabilities">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_Protection_of_the_Nation" title="Law for Protection of the Nation">Law for Protection of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_opposition" title="LGBTQ rights opposition">LGBTQ rights opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">MSM blood donation restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_kid_zone" title="No kid zone">No kid zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus">Numerus clausus (as religious or racial quota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_steering" title="Racial steering">Racial steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_segregation" title="Geographical segregation">Segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_segregation" title="Age segregation">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">sexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_law" title="Ugly law">Ugly law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Countermeasures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Anti-discrimination law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_colorblindness" title="Constitutional colorblindness">Constitutional colorblindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">Cultural pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_training" title="Diversity training">Diversity training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_acceptance_movement" title="Fat acceptance movement">Fat acceptance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Discrimination" title="Fighting Discrimination">Fighting Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" title="Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">Reappropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophilia" title="Allophilia">Allophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_penalty" title="Ethnic penalty">Ethnic penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_eugenics" title="History of eugenics">Historical eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">Internalized oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">Medical model of disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical model of autism">autism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_bias" title="Net bias">Net bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oikophobia" title="Oikophobia">Oikophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">Oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">Political correctness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyculturalism" title="Polyculturalism">Polyculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_distance" title="Power distance">Power distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">Prejudice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" title="Prisoner abuse">Prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_by_country" title="Racism by country">Racism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_color_blindness" title="Racial color blindness">Racial color blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_intolerance" title="Religious intolerance">Religious intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_discrimination" title="Reverse discrimination">Reverse discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-generation_gender_bias" title="Second-generation gender bias">Second-generation gender bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snob" title="Snob">Snobbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_identity_threat" title="Social identity threat">Social identity threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">Social model of disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_privilege" title="Social privilege">Social privilege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_privilege" title="Christian privilege">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype_threat" title="Stereotype threat">threat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Discrimination_sidebar" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:COVID-19_pandemic" title="Category:COVID-19 pandemic">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom."><img alt="Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/110px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/165px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/220px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom.</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> (disease)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a> (virus)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">Cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">2019</a></dt></dl> <dl><dt>2020</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">January</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">February</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">April</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">May</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">July</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">August</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">September</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">October</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">November</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">December</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>2021</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">January</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">February</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">April</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">May</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">July</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">August</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">September</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">October</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021">November</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021">December</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>2022</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022">January</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022">February</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022">March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022">April</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022">May</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022">June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022">July</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022">August</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022">September</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022">October</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2022">November</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2022">December</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2023" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2023">2023</a></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Locations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">By country and territory</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">South America</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>By conveyance</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships">Cruise ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships">Naval ships</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)">International response</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endemic_phase_of_COVID-19" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic phase of COVID-19">Endemic phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Evacuations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">Face masks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">International aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_COVID-19" class="mw-redirect" title="Origin of COVID-19">Origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">Lockdowns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns_by_country" title="COVID-19 lockdowns by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">Misinformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments" title="COVID-19 misinformation by governments">by governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">Fake treatments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Social distancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel during the COVID-19 pandemic">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic">United Nations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic">World Health Organization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRIPS_Agreement_waiver" title="TRIPS Agreement waiver">WTO IP waiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country" title="Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country">Undercounting of deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_apps" title="COVID-19 apps">COVID-19 apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-COVID" title="Zero-COVID">Zero-COVID</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">National responses</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_government_response_to_COVID-19" title="Chinese government response to COVID-19">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Irish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Dutch government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">UK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">US</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">federal government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Vietnam</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)">Medical response</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">Disease testing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer" title="Coronavirus breathalyzer">Breathalyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_COVID-19_tests" title="Development of COVID-19 tests">Development</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">Drug development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research" title="COVID-19 drug repurposing research">Drug repurposing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19" title="Public health mitigation of COVID-19">Public health mitigation</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">Vaccines</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development" title="History of COVID-19 vaccine development">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research" title="COVID-19 vaccine clinical research">Research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination" title="Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination">VITT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations" title="List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations">Authorizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">Operation Warp Speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy" title="COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy">Misinformation and hesitancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card" title="COVID-19 vaccine card">Vaccine card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">Vaccine passports</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Current vaccines</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">CoronaVac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covaxin" title="Covaxin">Covaxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convidecia" title="Convidecia">Convidecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Janssen COVID-19 vaccine">Janssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MVC_COVID-19_vaccine" title="MVC COVID-19 vaccine">Medigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Novavax COVID-19 vaccine">Novavax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">Oxford–AstraZeneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer–BioNTech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm BIBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">Sputnik V</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">Variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_variant_of_concern" class="mw-redirect" title="SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern">Variants of concern</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant">Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant">Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant">Gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">Omicron</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other variants</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant">Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant">Zeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant">Eta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant">Theta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant">Iota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant">Kappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant">Lambda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant">Mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Cluster 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617" title="SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617">Lineage B.1.617</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Economic impact</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">recession</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage">Arts and culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company">Disney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Financial markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry">Food industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">Food security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism">Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail">Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_global_supply_chain_crisis#Shipping" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2022 global supply chain crisis">Shipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States">US</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_American_sports_broadcasting" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on American sports broadcasting">sportscasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">programs</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry">Video games</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>By country</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">US</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports">By sport</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_baseball" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_basketball" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on basketball">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports">Combat sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf">Disc golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games">Gaelic games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_gridiron_football" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gridiron football">Gridiron football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ice_hockey" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ice hockey">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport">Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league">Rugby league</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Impacts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">Long COVID</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_COVID-19_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes" title="Impact of COVID-19 on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes">Neurological and psychological symptoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-exertional_malaise" title="Post-exertional malaise">Post-exertional malaise</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Society</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_and_animals" title="COVID-19 pandemic and animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease_and_COVID-19" title="Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19">Alzheimer's disease patients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Black_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Black people">Black people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">Death rates by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_evacuation_procedures_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Emergency evacuation procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic">Emergency evacuations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_female_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on female education">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community">LGBT community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities">Long-term care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">Media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_migration" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migration">Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19" title="List of deaths due to COVID-19">Notable deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">Other health issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture" title="COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture">Popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy" title="COVID-19 in pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj">Hajj</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic">Strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_suicide_rates" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates">Suicides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_telehealth_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the telehealth industry">Telehealth</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xenophobia and racism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Politics</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">US</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_(Wikimedia_colors).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="virus icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/15px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/22px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/30px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="711" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:COVID-19" title="Portal:COVID-19">COVID-19 portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar" title="Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> was first reported in the city of <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>, China, in December 2019. The origins of the virus have subsequently led to an increase in acts and displays of <a href="/wiki/Sinophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinophobia">sinophobia</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">prejudice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">xenophobia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic violence">violence</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a> against people of <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_people" title="East Asian people">East Asian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asian</a> descent and appearance around the world. With the spread of the <a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">pandemic</a> and formation of hotspots, such as those in Asia, Europe, and the Americas, discrimination against people from these hotspots has been reported.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> In the past, many diseases have been named after geographical locations, such as <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Respiratory_Syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle East Respiratory Syndrome">Middle East Respiratory Syndrome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zika_virus" title="Zika virus">Zika virus</a>, but in 2015, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> introduced recommendations to avoid this practice, to reduce stigma. In accordance with this policy, the WHO recommended the official name "COVID-19" in February 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Nature_Stop-4">[4]</a> In early coverage of the outbreak, some news sources associated the virus with China in a manner that contributed to stigma. The journal <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a> later published an apology for this type of coverage.<a href="#cite_note-Nature_Stop-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Scientific_journal_SCMP-5">[5]</a> However, even after the majority of politicians had switched to avoiding stigmatizing language when referring to the virus, a minority continued.<a href="#cite_note-Nature_Stop-4">[4]</a> Following the progression of the outbreak to new hotspot countries, people from Italy (the first country in Europe to experience a serious outbreak of COVID-19) were also subjected to suspicion and xenophobia,<a href="#cite_note-iOyUQ-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FFsxo-7">[7]</a> as were people from hotspots in other countries. Discrimination against <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_India" title="Islam in India">Muslims in India</a> escalated after public health authorities identified an Islamic missionary (<a href="/wiki/Tablighi_Jamaat" title="Tablighi Jamaat">Tablighi Jamaat</a>) group's gathering in New Delhi in early March 2020 as a source of spread.<a href="#cite_note-20200409slate-8">[8]</a> As of late April 2020, Paris had seen riots break out over police <a href="/wiki/Social_situation_in_the_French_suburbs" title="Social situation in the French suburbs">treatment of marginalised ethnic groups</a> during the then in-place lockdown.<a href="#cite_note-france2420200421-9">[9]</a> Racism and xenophobia towards <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian ethnic groups">southern</a> and south east Asians increased in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Arab states of the Persian Gulf</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:16-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-20200512hrw-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-20200417trtworld-12">[12]</a> In China, some <a href="/wiki/Africans_in_Guangzhou#COVID-19_pandemic" title="Africans in Guangzhou">people of African descent</a> were evicted from their homes and told to leave China within 24 hours, due to disinformation that they and other foreigners were spreading the virus.<a href="#cite_note-qz1836510-13">[13]</a> This racism and xenophobia was criticised by some foreign governments, diplomatic corps, and the Chinese ambassador to Zimbabwe.<a href="#cite_note-ZAYBk-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Africa">Africa</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cameroon">Cameroon</h3></div> The US embassy in <a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9" title="Yaoundé">Yaoundé</a> issued a travel warning to US citizens amid reports of "... verbal and online harassment, stone throwing, and banging on vehicles occupied by expatriates". Some residents of Cameroon thought that Europeans and Americans brought COVID to Africa.<a href="#cite_note-dw52862599-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egypt">Egypt</h3></div> According to the Embassy of Japan in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, store clerks had been hesitating to serve Japanese customers, and "corona" had become a new slur with which to abuse Japanese people on the street.<a href="#cite_note-:8-16">[16]</a> On 10 March 2020, an <a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a> driver was arrested after a viral video showing the driver forcibly removing his Chinese passenger at a highway in Cairo's <a href="/wiki/Maadi" title="Maadi">Maadi</a> district on suspicion of having the virus. In the video, a voice is heard in the video jokingly shouting "The first coronavirus case in Egypt!" and the same voice then tells the driver "May God support you, Hajji! Throw him out!". The incident has sparked outrage among Egyptians after the video was uploaded. Some Egyptians visited the Chinese man in his hotel and expressed an apology to him for the incident, widely condemned in the local media as an act of bullying and racism.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</h3></div> Violence towards foreigners has been reported amidst the pandemic, with some locals attacking foreigners on social media by publishing photos of them and linking them to the coronavirus. The Foreign Correspondents Association of Ethiopia had warned that "dangerous rumours" and "vicious posts" were being spread on the internet about foreign journalists, while other foreigners had been physically attacked.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kenya">Kenya</h3></div> A video reportedly recorded in <a href="/wiki/Kibera" title="Kibera">Kibera</a>, Kenya, in March 2020 shows an angry crowd threatening a man and a woman of East Asian descent about the coronavirus. A man in the crowd shouts at the frightened couple, "You are corona!" A motorcycle rider from the crowd later raised his hand threatening to slap the Asian man. Growing unease towards Chinese immigrants has been reported in the streets of <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a> and its environment especially towards construction workers.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> An alleged Kenyan member of parliament posted in a Facebook message that his constituents had the right to stone and chase away any Chinese visitors who were not quarantined.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> A Kenyan taxi driver told the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> that Chinese nationals had been changing their usernames on taxi hailing apps to avoid their passenger requests being declined.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nigeria">Nigeria</h3></div> Geopolitical analyst Ovigwe Eguegu<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> reported that "a plethora of conspiracy theories, and videos of Asians (some Chinese) eating bats, and other exotic animals" on Nigerian social media has led to increased Sinophobia.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_in_South_Africa" title="Xenophobia in South Africa">Xenophobia in South Africa</a></div> An ethnic Chinese man in <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a> told the news broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a> that violent comments such as "wipe the Chinese people out" and "hope this virus gets all of them" have been expressed in the country by locals.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Additionally, one of the earliest reactions of the South African government with regard to COVID-19 prevention was to build a forty-kilometer (25 mi) fence on the border with Zimbabwe. This action was intended to "ensure that no undocumented or infected persons cross into the country", according to Public Works Minister Patricia de Lille.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> In February 2021, the Director of The Jesuit Institute South Africa, Father Russell Pollitt, criticized as potentially xenophobic Health Minister Dr. Zweli Mkhize's announcement that COVID-19 vaccine distribution would be limited to only South African citizens.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asia">Asia</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</h3></div> The Bangladeshi government has sent dozens of <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_refugees_in_Bangladesh" title="Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh">Rohingya refugees</a>, who had remained stranded at sea for several weeks, to Bhasan Char, an uninhabited island in the estuary of the <a href="/wiki/Meghna_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Meghna river">Meghna river</a>. Hundreds more remain stranded on two overcrowded trawlers between Bangladesh and Malaysia. Human rights groups have criticised the Bangladeshi and Malaysian governments for using the coronavirus pandemic as a pretext to send away refugees.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mainland_China">Mainland China</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China#Discrimination" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China § Discrimination</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Racism_in_China#COVID-19_pandemic" title="Racism in China">Racism in China § COVID-19 pandemic</a></div> There have been instances of Wuhan natives in other provinces being turned away from hotels, having their ID numbers, home addresses and telephone numbers deliberately leaked online or dealing with harassing phone calls from strangers. Some places also reportedly had signs saying "people from Wuhan and cars from Hubei are not welcome here."<a href="#cite_note-:42-29">[29]</a> Many hotels and guesthouses refrained from people who had addresses in Wuhan.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Multiple hotels purportedly refused to check-in a Wuhan tour guide after she returned to <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a> from Singapore with one of them calling the police to give her a health check and asking the police to quarantine her. Amidst these incidents, various cities and prefectures outside of Hubei adopted resettlement measures for Hubei people in their region such as designated hotel accommodation for visitors from the province.<a href="#cite_note-:43-31">[31]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Zhengding_County" title="Zhengding County">Zhengding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jingxing_County" title="Jingxing County">Jingxing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luquan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luquan District">Luquan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a> City, the local governments rewarded anyone who reported those who had been to Wuhan, but not recorded in official documents at least 1,000 yuan <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">RMB</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a>, residents reporting people entering from Hunan were awarded thirty face masks.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> It was reported that on a scheduled 27 January <a href="/wiki/China_Southern_Airlines" title="China Southern Airlines">China Southern Airlines</a> flight from <a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a> to Shanghai, some <a href="/wiki/Shanghainese_people" title="Shanghainese people">Shanghainese</a> travellers refused to board with 16 others from Wuhan. Two of the Wuhan travellers were unable to board due to a fever while the Shanghainese on the spot alleged that the others had taken medicine to bypass the temperature check.<a href="#cite_note-:42-29">[29]</a> One of the Wuhan tourists protested on Weibo, "are they really my compatriots?" which a Shanghai tourist who was purportedly at the scene replied that they did it to protect Shanghai from the virus.<a href="#cite_note-:43-31">[31]</a> Many netizens criticized the Wuhan tourists for travelling with a fever, although some also called for understanding and for Shanghainese not to regionally discriminate.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> In March and April 2020, media outlets reported instances of xenophobia towards foreigners,<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> although according to <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a> on 10 April, Chinese officials denied the existence of any such discrimination within China.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> It has been attributed to fears of a second wave of the coronavirus, although the Chinese vice-foreign minister noted that ninety percent of imported COVID-19 cases were PRC nationals returning from overseas.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>, foreigners are being barred from hotels, supermarkets, and restaurants, while others have had their visas cancelled and reentry into China barred.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> reported on 29 March of foreigners being shouted at by local residents, avoided in public places, and sometimes scolded as "foreign trash".<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <a href="/wiki/Shanghaiist" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghaiist">Shanghaiist</a> has referenced stories of foreigner misbehaviour circulating on the Chinese internet as playing a role in the increased xenophobia.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> A comic posted on <a href="/wiki/Weibo_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weibo (company)">Weibo</a> depicts people in <a href="/wiki/Hazmat_suit" title="Hazmat suit">hazmat</a> suits disinfecting foreigners and throwing them in waste bins.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> In April 2020, several reports emerged in Guangzhou of African nationals being evicted from their homes by local police and told to leave, with no place to sleep, amidst some recent Chinese news articles negatively reporting on Nigerians in the city.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The reports of discrimination created controversy in Africa damaging <a href="/wiki/Africa%E2%80%93China_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Africa–China relations">Sino-African relations</a>,<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> and sparked a diplomatic crisis, with African governments and diplomats speaking out against the incidents in Guangzhou.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> The Nigerian legislator <a href="/wiki/Otunba_Akin_Alabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Otunba Akin Alabi">Oloye Akin Alabi</a> posted a video of his confronting the PRC's ambassador <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Pingjian" title="Zhou Pingjian">Zhou Pingjian</a> over the alleged mistreatment of Nigerians in the city. The governments of Ghana, Kenya, and Uganda have also asked for explanations from the PRC government, and the <a href="/wiki/African_Union_Commission" title="African Union Commission">African Union Commission</a> invited the PRC ambassador to the African Union to discuss the mistreatment allegations.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The African ambassadors summarised the complaints in an official protest letter demanding the cessation of reported ejection from hotels or apartments, forced testing and quarantine, the seizure of passports, and threats of visa revocation, arrest or deportation of Africans particularly in the Guangdong province.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In response, Chinese authorities issued measures discouraging Guangzhou businesses and rental houses from refusing people based on race or nationality and encouraged foreigners to report discrimination to a 24-hour hotline.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Some locals coordinated food donations and listed available hotels online to African residents.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> China initially placed <a href="/wiki/Land_mine" title="Land mine">land mines</a> in selected regions along its border with <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, which were later replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Barbed_wire" title="Barbed wire">barbed wire</a> fence along 1,000 kilometers of the Myanmese border, for the stated goal of reducing cross-border COVID-19 infections. Other government sources suggested that pandemic restrictions were secondary to a desire to block the transmission of foreign ideas across the once-porous border region, citing a desire to specifically restrict the flow of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> into China.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</h3></div> More than a hundred restaurants in Hong Kong turned away customers from <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a>, with one restaurant demanding that a customer produce a <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_identity_card" title="Hong Kong identity card">Hong Kong identity card</a> to prove they were not from the mainland.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Tenno Ramen, a Japanese noodle restaurant in <a href="/wiki/Hung_Hom" title="Hung Hom">Hung Hom</a>, refused to serve mainland Chinese customers. The restaurant said on Facebook, "We want to live longer. We want to safeguard local customers. Please excuse us."<a href="#cite_note-:02-56">[56]</a> Another example is Kwong Wing Catering, a pro-<a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">2019–20 Hong Kong protests</a> restaurant chain, which announced on Facebook on 28 January 2020 that it would serve only English- or Cantonese-speaking customers (no Mandarin-speakers customers allowed) since the government did not implement a border closure against mainland China. However, Mandarin is also the common tongue in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, so the said Facebook post was then updated a day later to clarify that they welcome Taiwanese customers.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Many protesters in Hong Kong have reportedly insisted on calling COVID-19 the "Chinese Virus" or "Chinese coronavirus".<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Expats and South Asian minorities have also faced increased xenophobia, with media narratives blaming them as more likely to spread the virus.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a> reported that "On social media, Twitter, Facebook, and <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> posts encourage people to stay away from places where Chinese citizens or <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesians" title="Chinese Indonesians">Chinese-heritage Indonesians</a> work and live. ... Major media outlets are also complicit in spreading anti-Chinese conspiracies."<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Several Indonesian <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> online have also linked the virus with China's mistreatment of <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uighur Muslims</a>, and that it is "an azab (punishment) from <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a>".<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> A demonstration was staged outside a hotel in <a href="/wiki/Bukittinggi" title="Bukittinggi">Bukittinggi</a>, rejecting the visit of tourists from Southern China who stayed there amid fear of coronavirus. The demonstrators demanded that the tourists be isolated in an airport, and displayed distrust over screening tools in airports. It ended after police guaranteed that the tourists would stay in the hotel up to the following day, when the tourists depart from the city.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> In a press release, the embassy of Japan in Indonesia said incidents of discrimination and harassment toward Japanese people had increased in the midst of the pandemic, and announced they had set up a help center to assist Japanese residents dealing with these incidents.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> In general, there have been reports of widespread anti-Japanese discrimination and harassment in the country, with hotels, stores, restaurants, taxi services and more refusing Japanese customers, and many Japanese people were no longer allowed in meetings and conferences. The embassy of Japan has also received at least a dozen reports of harassment toward Japanese people in just a few days.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)</a> said anti-Japanese discrimination was on the increase in the country.<a href="#cite_note-:04-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_relations_in_India" title="Ethnic relations in India">Ethnic relations in India</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Foolproofaprilseries03.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Foolproofaprilseries03.png/220px-Foolproofaprilseries03.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Foolproofaprilseries03.png/330px-Foolproofaprilseries03.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Foolproofaprilseries03.png/440px-Foolproofaprilseries03.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A poster from India for spreading awareness about racism and xenophobia related to COVID-19</figcaption></figure> People from <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeastern India</a> have reportedly faced increased discrimination and harassment due to their "Chinese" appearance.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Northeast Indian students in <a href="/wiki/Kirori_Mal_College" title="Kirori Mal College">Kirori Mal College</a>, Delhi, have filed a complaint to college authorities about harassment in the hands of other students over the fears of coronavirus.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Eight students from Northeast India at the <a href="/wiki/Tata_Institute_of_Social_Sciences" title="Tata Institute of Social Sciences">Tata Institute of Social Sciences</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> also alleged that they were subjected to racism and harassment.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> A survey by The Takshashila Institution found that 52.8% of Indian respondents felt terms such as "Chinese Virus" and "Made in China Pandemic" were not racist or stigmatising to the country.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a>'s State unit president in <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> <a href="/wiki/Dilip_Ghosh_(politician)" title="Dilip Ghosh (politician)">Dilip Ghosh</a> said the Chinese had "destroyed nature" and "that's why the God took revenge against them." The remarks were later condemned by the Chinese consulate in <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, calling them "erroneous".<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> In March 2020, foreigners from Europe, the United States, and Israel started facing xenophobia and discrimination, including evictions from rented homes.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera200324083648362-75">[75]</a> Muslim gatherings organised by the <a href="/wiki/Tablighi_Jamaat" title="Tablighi Jamaat">Tablighi Jamaat</a> has resulted in large increased of cases in India,<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> which has triggered <a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobic</a> reactions and increased <a href="/wiki/Communalism_(South_Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (South Asia)">communal tension</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Islamophobic hashtags began circulating shortly after the news broke in late March,<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> and a wave of anti-Muslim violence was reported in April.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a>, hospitals refusing to treat Muslim patients because coronavirus-related Islamophobia have led to the deaths of at least two newborn babies.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> There have been a few reports of increased <a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_violence_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Christian violence in India">anti-Christian violence</a> and discrimination amidst the coronavirus lockdown.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3></div> The Iranian government blamed the country's outbreak on "<a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionists</a>", with the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps</a> (IRGC) of Iran claiming that Israel released the virus as a form of <a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">biological warfare</a>. These claims were seen to be <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a> by American academic <a href="/wiki/Walter_Russell_Mead" title="Walter Russell Mead">Walter Russell Mead</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> organisations, including the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a> (ADL).<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)">Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a>, Japanese people have been denied entry to restaurants and experienced increased abuse since the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-:13-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3></div> More than 1,000 South Korean tourists were instructed to avoid public places and remain in isolation in their hotels.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The Israeli military announced its intention to quarantine some 200 South Korean nationals to a military base.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Many of the remaining South Koreans were rejected by hotels and were forced to spend nights at <a href="/wiki/Ben_Gurion_Airport" title="Ben Gurion Airport">Ben Gurion Airport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> An Israeli newspaper subsequently published a Korean complaint that "Israel is Treating [Korean and other Asian] Tourists Like Coronavirus".<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Public health expert Dr. <a href="/wiki/Hagai_Levine" title="Hagai Levine">Hagai Levine</a> said Israeli politicians may be overreaching to impress voters.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> On 14 March 2020, an Indian man from the <a href="/wiki/Bnei_Menashe" title="Bnei Menashe">Bnei Menashe</a> community was attacked and beaten by two Israeli men in <a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a> who called him "Chinese" and shouted "Corona" during the attack.<a href="#cite_note-inis-93">[93]</a> The man was hospitalized at the <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Padeh_Medical_Center" title="Baruch Padeh Medical Center">Baruch Padeh Medical Center</a> in Tiberias.<a href="#cite_note-inis-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3></div> In Japan, the hashtag #ChineseDontComeToJapan had been trending on Twitter;<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> furthermore, on Twitter, Japanese people have called Chinese tourists "dirty", "insensitive", and "<a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">bioterrorists</a>".<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> A server at a restaurant in <a href="/wiki/It%C5%8D,_Shizuoka" title="Itō, Shizuoka">Ito</a>, a Japanese city on the <a href="/wiki/Izu_Peninsula" title="Izu Peninsula">Izu Peninsula</a> south of Tokyo, was recorded shouting at a tourist "China! Out!" A Chinese woman, who was the target of the outburst, immediately left the restaurant.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> A confectionery shop in <a href="/wiki/Hakone" title="Hakone">Hakone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanagawa_Prefecture" title="Kanagawa Prefecture">Kanagawa Prefecture</a>, put up a sign saying "No Chinese allowed!" prompting Chinese citizens to boycott the store.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> According to an Ipsos MORI poll conducted in February 2020, 28% of Japanese respondents said they would consider avoiding people of Chinese origin in the future to protect themselves from coronavirus.<a href="#cite_note-:10-98">[98]</a> Ueno Sanji, a <a href="/wiki/Ramen" title="Ramen">ramen</a> restaurant in Tokyo has banned foreigners from dining there, with the owner claiming that he is doing so to protect his family, employees and regular customers.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kimi_Onoda" title="Kimi Onoda">Kimi Onoda</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">Liberal Democratic Party</a> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Councillors (Japan)">Councillor</a> from <a href="/wiki/Okayama_Prefecture" title="Okayama Prefecture">Okayama Prefecture</a>, tweeted, in reference to <a href="/wiki/Stimulus_(economics)" title="Stimulus (economics)">stimulus</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Japan" title="Government of Japan">Government of Japan</a>, that only adults with <a href="/wiki/Japanese_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese citizenship">Japanese citizenship</a> should be eligible, and not non-citizens who paid taxes in Japan. In response to the tweet, people who perceived it as racism launched a petition to demand Onoda's resignation from the <a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">Diet</a> on <a href="/wiki/Change.org" title="Change.org">Change.org</a>.<a href="#cite_note-harborbusinessonline20200413-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jordan">Jordan</h3></div> In March 2020, a Korean working in <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> since 2014 reported to the police that he was beaten and mocked because he was suspected of having the COVID-19 virus.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> An incident of a Korean working in Jordan, who was not allowed into a <a href="/wiki/Taxi" title="Taxi">taxi</a> for similar reasons was also reported.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)">Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a>, there have been incidents of Japanese people in Jordan being chased by locals since the pandemic started.<a href="#cite_note-:13-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</h3></div> In February 2020, a conflict broke out between ethnic <a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dungan_people" title="Dungan people">Chinese Muslims</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat" title="The Diplomat">The Diplomat</a>, "In the hours following the incident, fake news about 'ruthless <a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">pogroms</a> in Kazakhstan around the spreading of coronavirus' circulated around social media, fueling hysteria in other parts of the country."<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kuwait">Kuwait</h3></div> To address the deficit in the capacity at Kuwaiti hospitals to help in the COVID-19 outbreak, Kuwaiti actress <a href="/wiki/Hayat_Al-Fahad" title="Hayat Al-Fahad">Hayat Al-Fahad</a> called for the deportation of <a href="/wiki/Migrant_worker" title="Migrant worker">migrant workers</a> or to "throw them in the desert".<a href="#cite_note-Kuwait-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-:16-10">[10]</a> Her comments generated both outrage and support on social media in Kuwait.<a href="#cite_note-Kuwait-105">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_in_Malaysia" title="Xenophobia in Malaysia">Xenophobia in Malaysia</a></div> A petition in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> calling for citizens from China to be banned from entering the country claimed that the "new virus is widely spread throughout the world because of their <a href="/wiki/Hygiene" title="Hygiene">unhygenic</a> lifestyle".<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The petition was reportedly signed by just over 250,000 people within a week.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a> also occurs since March when social media users insult groups of <a href="/wiki/Tabligh" title="Tabligh">Tabligh</a> people as the cluster related to <a href="/wiki/Sri_Petaling" title="Sri Petaling">Sri Petaling</a> <a href="/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Malaysia" title="2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Malaysia">Tabligh gathering</a> cause it to experiencing sudden jump in number of cases in Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> and the Asia Pacific Refugee Rights Network, more than 700 foreign migrant workers and refugees including stateless <a href="/wiki/Rohingya" class="mw-redirect" title="Rohingya">Rohingya</a> refugees have been detained by Malaysian police during the coronavirus pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Police have claimed that the arrests were intended to prevent undocumented migrants from traveling to other areas as part of lockdown movement restrictions.<a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian_Rohingya-110">[110]</a> In response to the arrests, the United Nations in Malaysia's Head of Communications and Advocacy, Ahmad Hafiz Osman, to avoid detaining refugees and not to hinder them from seeking medical treatment. The Home Affairs Minister <a href="/wiki/Hamzah_Zainuddin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamzah Zainuddin">Hamzah Zainuddin</a> had earlier described the Rohingya as "illegal immigrants", who "have no status, right and basis to present any demands to the government".<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian_Rohingya-110">[110]</a> In addition, there have been incidents of xenophobia against Rohingya refugees in Malaysia, such as Malaysian politicians and locals expressing violent hate speech online,<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> accusing the Rohingya of committing crimes and dominating parts of the capital <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>. Names and photos of activists have been circulated on social media, and there have been several online petitions calling for the deportation of Rohingya on <a href="/wiki/Change.org" title="Change.org">Change.org</a>. This surge in hostility has been fueled by negative perceptions about Rohingya refugees and inflammatory news stories on social media.<a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian_Rohingya-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-SCMP_Rohingya-114">[114]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Malaysia)" title="The Star (Malaysia)">The Star</a> newspaper, there were also reports of Rohingya individuals making racially-tinged and provocative comments in social media videos targeting the <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malay</a> ethnicity community, which have strained relations between the two ethnic communities.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> Rohingya community spokespersons have said the community is living in state of fear while the <a href="/wiki/NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">NGOs</a> Mercy Malaysia and the Malaysian Relief Agency urged the public to show empathy and mercy towards the refugees during Ramadan.<a href="#cite_note-SCMP_Rohingya-114">[114]</a> On 11 May 83, human rights and civil society organisations including Human Rights Watch, <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, <a href="/wiki/Article_19" title="Article 19">Article 19</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_Jurists" class="mw-redirect" title="International Committee of Jurists">International Committee of Jurists</a> called on Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin to address online hate speech and violent threats against Rohingya refugees.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> On 21 June, Malaysian human rights NGO Aliran raised concerns about the living and working conditions of foreign migrant workers, many of whom had become infected with COVID-19. Aliran also criticised "inflammatory" media coverage for fueling xenophobia and hostility against migrant workers.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> On 25 June, the <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_City_Hall" title="Kuala Lumpur City Hall">Kuala Lumpur City Hall</a> restricted refugees' access to the city's wholesale market, allowing them entry only if they possessed valid permits and were accompanied by Malaysians. The City Hall does not recognise identity cards issued by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a>. This ruling was criticised by Yemen Refugee Union representative Dr Mohammed Al Radhi and Alliance of Chin Refugees coordinator James Bawi Thang Bik as discriminatory and inhumane towards refugee communities.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> On 27 June, Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin said Malaysia could not accommodate more Rohingya refugees due to a struggling economy and dwindling resources. Malaysia does not recognise their refugee status and has turned away incoming boats and detained hundreds of refugees. The Prime Minister also called upon the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a> to speed up the resettlement of Rohingya refugees in third party countries.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> In early July 2020, an <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a> documentary titled "Locked Up in Malaysia's Lockdown" alleged that illegal migrants and foreign workers had subjected to racism and mistreatment by Malaysian authorities during the country's <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_movement_control_order" title="Malaysian movement control order">lockdown</a>. The Malaysian Government criticised the documentary as "misleading" and "inaccurate", with Senior Minister <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Sabri_Yaakob" title="Ismail Sabri Yaakob">Ismail Sabri Yaakob</a> demanding an apology from the news network. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Malaysian Police">Royal Malaysian Police</a> have launched an investigation into the documentary while the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Department_of_Malaysia" title="Immigration Department of Malaysia">Immigration Department of Malaysia</a> have sought to question a Bangladeshi migrant interviewed in the documentary.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> In response, several civil society organisations including the Centre for Independent Journalism issued a statement calling on the Malaysian Government to cease intimidating media and to protect the rights of migrant workers.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> The Bangladeshi migrant, who was identified as Mohammad Rayhan Kaybir, was subsequently deported to Bangladesh on 22 August.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestine">Palestine</h3></div> On 1 March 2020, a Palestinian mother with her daughter chanted "corona, corona" to the two Japanese women who were in <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a> for non-governmental aid mission.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> The mother then attacked and pulled the hair of one of the Japanese women who attempted to record the incident.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> According to the Embassy of Japan, there have been at least another ten reports of anti-Japanese incidents related to the pandemic, as of early March.<a href="#cite_note-:13-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3></div> Various Filipino-Chinese advocacy groups have warned that racism against the Chinese community has risen after the outbreak has started.<a href="#cite_note-ABSCBN-129">[129]</a> The Federation of Filipino Chinese Chambers of Commerce and Industry, Inc and the Trade Union of Congress of the Philippines have condemned anti-Chinese propaganda with links to the virus.<a href="#cite_note-ABSCBN-129">[129]</a> <a href="/wiki/Adamson_University" title="Adamson University">Adamson University</a>, a prominent Catholic school in <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, received online backlash for ordering all its Chinese students to quarantine themselves amid the new coronavirus outbreak.<a href="#cite_note-Adamson_apologizes,_revises_'racist'_memo_after_online_backlash-130">[130]</a> A crematorium refused to handle the corpse of a Chinese national who died from the virus.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> President <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> has made appeals to the public to stop discriminating against anyone who merely happens to be of Chinese ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saudi_Arabia">Saudi Arabia</h3></div> Images of a South Asian migrant worker who was dressed as a human hand sanitiser while wearing a face mask for <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Aramco" title="Saudi Aramco">Saudi Aramco</a> went <a href="/wiki/Viral_phenomenon" title="Viral phenomenon">viral</a> online and sparked global outrage and was cited as another example of "coronavirus racism".<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> The company later apologised for the incident.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singapore">Singapore</h3></div> An online petition urging the government of Singapore to ban Chinese nationals and travellers from China from entering the island country was signed by 125,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(Singapore)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (Singapore)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a> has ordered an investigation against an Islamic teacher, Abdul Halim bin Abdul Karim, after he had posted on Facebook that the coronavirus pandemic was "a retribution by <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> against the Chinese for their <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_conflict" title="Xinjiang conflict">oppressive treatment</a> of <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Muslim Uighurs</a> in Xinjiang". In a separate post, Abdul Halim claimed that Chinese people do not wash properly after <a href="/wiki/Defecation" title="Defecation">defecating</a> and were not as hygienic as <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>, causing the virus to spread. Home Affairs and Law Minister <a href="/wiki/K._Shanmugam" title="K. Shanmugam">K. Shanmugam</a> slammed the comments as "silly", "xenophobic" and "thoroughly racist" and is "quite unacceptable from anyone, let alone someone who is supposed to be a religious teacher".<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Religious_Council_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Religious Council of Singapore">Islamic Religious Council of Singapore</a> said it is aware of the post, which "expresses views that do not represent the Muslim community" and was investigating the matter.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> In response, Abdul Halim said his Facebook post, written in <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>, was not intended to be racist and did not target "any particular race".<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Due to the Indian variant, a 55-year-old Singaporean-Indian female was being attacked for not properly wearing a mask. This has been condemned by several local politicians including Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Lee_Hsien_Loong" title="Lee Hsien Loong">Lee Hsien Loong</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Xenophobic sentiments toward Indian immigrants in the country reportedly increased as of May 2021,<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> with Minister of Law <a href="/wiki/K._Shanmugam" title="K. Shanmugam">K. Shanmugam</a> condemning a minority of Singaporeans online for describing Indians as "cockroaches" and "rapists".<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Racism_in_South_Korea#Coronavirus_pandemic" title="Racism in South Korea">Racism in South Korea § Coronavirus pandemic</a></div> More than 760,000 South Korean citizens have signed a petition lobbying the government to ban Chinese tourists from entering the country.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shin28Jan2020-144">[144]</a> The Daegu Lantern Festival posted a notice in English that no foreigners are allowed to visit their festival.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> In February 2020, an entrance to a South Korean restaurant in downtown <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a> reportedly had a sign in red Chinese characters stating: "No Chinese Allowed".<a href="#cite_note-:2-146">[146]</a> "No Chinese" signs have been cropping up, and some businesses are banning all foreigners.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sri_Lanka">Sri Lanka</h3></div> A group of Singaporean Chinese tourists were reportedly denied permission to climb the tourist attraction <a href="/wiki/Ella,_Sri_Lanka" title="Ella, Sri Lanka">Ella Rock</a> due to their appearance.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taiwan">Taiwan</h3></div> As early as May 2020, an alliance of migrant worker groups called the Migrants Empowerment Network in Taiwan (MENT) protested that some local employers had barred their workers from going outside due to the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Miaoli_County" title="Miaoli County">Miaoli County</a> recorded 300 cases of COVID-19 within a one-week period involving tech-factory migrant workers, local magistrate Hsu Yao-chang announced on 7 June 2021 that migrant workers in the county were not allowed to leave their living quarters for any reason.<a href="#cite_note-:17-150">[150]</a> Afterwards, local authorities were accused of placing discriminatory restrictions on Southeast Asian workers such as confining them to their dormitories, questioning and threatening them with fines if found on the streets, and in some cases, making them sign documents stating that if they contract COVID-19, they alone would bear the expenses for treatment. On 9 June 2021, Miaoli County also extended the blanket stay-at-home order to caregivers, after locals complained that caregivers were "chatting in groups" while taking their elderly wards outside.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> The magistrate lifted the ban on 29 June, the same day the Ministry of Labour Affairs released a statement warning that such arbitrary restrictions would be treated as "a criminal offence". According to a migrant rights group survey cited by <a href="/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a> in July 2021, more than 60 per cent of Filipino migrant workers said they were no longer allowed to leave their dorms outside of work hours.<a href="#cite_note-:17-150">[150]</a> Some Taiwanese have reportedly made comments that Indonesian workers "are all dangerous" and "have a higher risk of being infected by and transmitting the virus than Taiwanese".<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thailand">Thailand</h3></div> A restaurant in <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Mai" title="Chiang Mai">Chiang Mai</a> displayed a sign which read, "We apologize we are not accepting CHINESE customers. Thank you." after a customer left the restaurant upon noticing a group of Chinese people inside. The police demanded that the sign be taken down, but suggested that it could be rewritten in Chinese as "We ran out of food".<a href="#cite_note-rears-153">[153]</a> A similar sign was seen outside a restaurant in Ao Sane Beach in <a href="/wiki/Phuket" class="mw-redirect" title="Phuket">Phuket</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Graffiti artist <a href="/wiki/Headache_Stencil" title="Headache Stencil">Headache Stencil</a> reportedly tweeted, "Hey <a href="/wiki/Chink" title="Chink">Chink</a>! Please go back to ur shit-eating country. Our government need ur money to keep their power but you all not welcome for us now. #notwelcometothailand #backtourchinklandpls".<a href="#cite_note-rears-153">[153]</a> Health minister <a href="/wiki/Anutin_Charnvirakul" title="Anutin Charnvirakul">Anutin Charnvirakul</a> made negative comments about "dirty" Westerners, saying they "never shower" and are more likely to spread the virus than Asians.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> He later apologised for the comments.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> In December 2020, Thai Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Prayuth_Chan-ocha" class="mw-redirect" title="Prayuth Chan-ocha">Prayuth Chan-ocha</a> said illegal immigration was behind a new wave of COVID-19 infection in the country. Migrant workers from neighboring <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> bore the brunt of the blame, including incendiary social media posts advocating violence, such as "wherever you see Myanmar people, shoot them down," and refusal of service across Thai society, with Burmese citizens refused access to buses, motorcycle taxis, and offices. COVID-19 xenophobia also led to a reawakening of anger related to the <a href="/wiki/Burmese%E2%80%93Siamese_War_(1765%E2%80%9367)" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese–Siamese War (1765–67)">18th century destruction</a> by Burmese forces of <a href="/wiki/Phra_Nakhon_Si_Ayutthaya_(city)" title="Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (city)">Ayutthaya</a>, capital of what was then known as Siam, now Thailand. The head of Thailand's COVID-19 task force pleaded for tolerance in a televised broadcast, appealing to common religious values: "Today they are our family ... Both Myanmar and Thai people are Buddhists."<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> In January 2021, however, 19 migrants from Myanmar, all <a href="/wiki/Rohingya" class="mw-redirect" title="Rohingya">Rohingya</a> Muslims, were arrested at a crowded house near <a href="/wiki/Don_Mueang_International_Airport" title="Don Mueang International Airport">Don Mueang International Airport</a> in Bangkok. Authorities claimed that seven of the allegedly unauthorized migrants had tested positive for the coronavirus.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkey">Turkey</h3></div> While in 2019, a poll estimated that 83.2% of Turks wanted all <a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees of the Syrian Civil War">Syrian refugees</a> returned, the pandemic caused a further rise of xenophobia and anti-refugee sentiment in Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-BrookingsKE-160">[160]</a> A couple of religious news outlets have reported a spike in attacks on Turkish churches, with some scapegoating Christians for the coronavirus crisis in Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Some Israeli researchers and <a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Turkey">Jewish Turks</a> reported in 2020 that antisemitic conspiracy theories blaming Jews for COVID-19 were spreading on Turkish social media.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Arab_Emirates">United Arab Emirates</h3></div> Following comments made by Kuwaiti actress <a href="/wiki/Hayat_Al-Fahad" title="Hayat Al-Fahad">Hayat Al-Fahad</a> about the deportation of migrant workers to the desert or to their countries of origin due to COVID-19,<a href="#cite_note-Kuwait-105">[105]</a> Emirati poet Tariq Al-Mehyas clarified Al-Fahad's comments by stating "When we say "migrants" we mean Asians [not Arabs]".<a href="#cite_note-UAE-165">[165]</a> He went on to say that Arab workers from countries such as Egypt and Sudan were better than Asian (Indian and <a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengali</a>) workers and said Asians in the Gulf are never treated equally with Arabs.<a href="#cite_note-UAE-165">[165]</a> When his comments generated widespread outrage in the UAE, he said he was not racist because he had an Asian maid.<a href="#cite_note-UAE2-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> Al-Mehyas was later arrested by Emirati authorities for inciting hatred.<a href="#cite_note-UAE2-166">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnam">Vietnam</h3></div> Asia Times reported that "A number of Vietnamese hotels and guesthouses have reportedly hung signs on their doors saying Chinese guests are not welcome, while many Vietnamese have gone online to demand the closure of <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Vietnam_border" title="China–Vietnam border">all border crossings with China</a>."<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> Signs suggesting that Chinese customers are not accepted were seen in front of a shop in <a href="/wiki/Phu_Quoc" class="mw-redirect" title="Phu Quoc">Phu Quoc</a> and a restaurant in <a href="/wiki/Da_Nang" title="Da Nang">Da Nang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Anger was also reported due to the increasing number of the infected cases coming from the Muslim community returning from Malaysia following their attendance of the <a href="/wiki/Tablighi_Jamaat" title="Tablighi Jamaat">Tablighi Jamaat</a> festival in Sri Petaling mosque, and two to three patients did not obey the self-quarantine law in Vietnam and still attended Islamic events in Ho Chi Minh City, leading to fury and demands to imprison the Muslim population, even among Vietnamese celebrities.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Europe">Europe</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sinofobia_mallorca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sinofobia_mallorca.jpg/220px-Sinofobia_mallorca.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sinofobia_mallorca.jpg/330px-Sinofobia_mallorca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sinofobia_mallorca.jpg/440px-Sinofobia_mallorca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="1840" /></a><figcaption>Graffiti reading "Chinos comeperros" ("Chinese dog eaters") in <a href="/wiki/Can_Picafort,_Mallorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Can Picafort, Mallorca">Can Picafort, Mallorca</a>, Spain</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium">Belgium</h3></div> There have been reports by Asian people of increased racism in Belgium due to the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> A Belgian woman of Chinese origin was called "coronavirus", threatened, and spat on by five youths in Schaerbeek.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> A photograph depicting high school students in Chinese costumes while holding a sign that said "Corona Time" was posted on the official Facebook and Instagram of Sint-Paulusschool Campus College Waregem, a secondary school, in March 2020.<a href="#cite_note-heav-bel2-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-gnca-ct2-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-hln-coc2-175">[175]</a> One of the students added latex gloves and a medical mask to his attire in reference to the outbreak,<a href="#cite_note-heav-bel2-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-hln-coc2-175">[175]</a> while another student stretched her eyes in a racist gesture.<a href="#cite_note-heav-bel2-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-gnca-ct2-174">[174]</a> The photograph was removed after online backlash.<a href="#cite_note-heav-bel2-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-gnca-ct2-174">[174]</a> The school released a statement, claiming that the school team and the last-grade students had no intention to be condescending or offensive.<a href="#cite_note-gnca-ct2-174">[174]</a> In Brussels, a 22-year-old man punched a 24-year-old Asian man and accused him of being "the cause" of coronavirus in Belgium.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Croatia">Croatia</h3></div> On 15 February 2020, during a Croatian Table Tennis Superleague match which was played in <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a> between the local team Libertas Marinkolora and guest team STK Starr from <a href="/wiki/Vara%C5%BEdin" title="Varaždin">Varaždin</a>, a number of insulting comments were posted on the official Libertas Marinkolora Facebook page towards a Croatian player of Chinese origin, <a href="/wiki/Tan_Ruiwu" title="Tan Ruiwu">Tan Ruiwu</a> of STK Starr which referenced the coronavirus. This included a comment by the manager of Libertas Marinkolor Marko Habijanec in which he instructed one of his players (who was facing Tan in the next match) to "Beat this virus". The comments were subsequently deleted.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Libertas Marinkolor eventually issued an apology and condemnation of the incident.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denmark">Denmark</h3></div> In January 2020, <a href="/wiki/Jyllands-Posten" title="Jyllands-Posten">Jyllands-Posten</a> received international attention when it published a cartoon depicting the Chinese flag with yellow virus-like figures instead of the usual yellow stars. The Chinese embassy in Denmark demanded an official apology from the newspaper.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> However, the Danish prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Mette Frederiksen</a>, refused to apologize officially on behalf of the Danish government, declaring that there is freedom of speech in Denmark.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finland">Finland</h3></div> Asians in Finland have reported instances of discrimination prompted by the novel coronavirus outbreak in China. Various people with backgrounds in China, Vietnam, and Japan told <a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a> that they feel to have been subjected to racist treatment since news broke about the virus.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> On 23 February, <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Times" title="Helsinki Times">Helsinki Times</a> reported that at least one Chinese restaurant in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> had seen a downturn in bookings since the beginning of the coronavirus outbreak. A <a href="/wiki/Asian_supermarket" title="Asian supermarket">Chinese supermarket</a> reported a dramatic drop in people coming into the store but an uptick in online sales, with customers opting to have goods delivered to their homes.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3></div> Asians in Paris reported an increase in racism and harassment.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> French newspaper <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Courrier_Picard" class="extiw" title="fr:Le Courrier Picard">Le Courrier Picard</a> featured an Asian woman wearing a mask on its front page on 26 January 2020 with a headline "Yellow Alert".<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> The paper also titled an editorial "A New <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Peril" title="Yellow Peril">Yellow Peril</a>".<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> The publication drew condemnation from French Asians who started the hashtag #JeNeSuisPasUnVirus (which translates to "I Am Not A Virus").<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> Other French newspapers called <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">COVID-19</a> the "Chinese Virus" at the beginning of the outbreak, which could stigmatise people of Chinese descent.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Numerous reports indicate a significant increase in harassment and violent attacks toward people of certain Asian origins.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-forbes22-191">[191]</a> Some children of Asian descent were ostracised and mocked over their origins in middle schools near Paris.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Non-Western restaurants, including Chinese, Thai, Cambodian, and Japanese have reported a decline in customers. The scale of the decline typically ranged from thirty to fifty percent.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> Many French-Vietnamese reported being subject to harassment since the pandemic began in Wuhan.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-forbes22-191">[191]</a> South Korean media reported increased animosity toward their nationals.<a href="#cite_note-:3-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-197">[197]</a> Japan's public service broadcaster <a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a>, which provides a list of overseas safety information for travelers, listed anti-Japanese discrimination in February 2020 as a concern when traveling to France and other European countries.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> Some Japanese nationals reported an increase in <a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">anti-Japanese</a> incidents, such as being mocked on the street, being refused taxi service, and least one Japanese restaurant was vandalized.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> A Japanese actress working for the French company <a href="/wiki/Louis_Vuitton" title="Louis Vuitton">Louis Vuitton</a> received a number of coronavirus-related comments on the company's Instagram page, which the company later deleted.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> A group of Japanese students on a study tour in Paris received abuse by locals.<a href="#cite_note-:8-16">[16]</a> A group of Japanese citizens were also targeted by <a href="/wiki/Acid_attack" title="Acid attack">acid attacks</a>, prompting the Japanese embassy as well as the foreign ministry to issue a warning to Japanese nationals in France, urging caution.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> Due to such incidents, a Japanese TV announcer in Paris said it was best not to speak Japanese in public.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3></div> Numerous racial incidents and discrimination against those of Asian descent in Germany have been reported by news media.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> According to an Ipsos MORI poll in early February, 28% of German respondents would consider avoiding people of Chinese origin in the future to protect themselves from the coronavirus.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> The weekly magazine <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a> has published a controversial cover which has been considered by some as blaming China for the outbreak and fueling xenophobia.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> The Chinese Embassy in Berlin has acknowledged a rise in hostile cases against its citizens since the outbreak.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> On 1 February 2020, a 23-year-old Chinese citizen in Berlin reportedly received racist insults and was subsequently beaten by two unknown assailants, in an incident classified by police as "xenophobic".<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> A Chinese student from <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a> living in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> was given two weeks notice to leave her sublet apartment by her landlord, German actress <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabrielle_Scharnitzky" class="extiw" title="de:Gabrielle Scharnitzky">Gabrielle Scharnitzky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> Scharnitzky defended her actions, stating "I had to protect myself against a real possible danger of infection by a person returning from a virus-contaminated area, entering and leaving my home and thus endangering my health and the health of my visitors".<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> The student reportedly informed Scharnitzky in January of her intentions to visit China, though this trip never took place.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> On 5 February 2020, a Chinese woman in Berlin, who had not visited China in three months, was reportedly turned away by her gynecologist, claiming the coronavirus may infect pregnant women in the clinic.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> In the same month, a Chinese student in <a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a> with a sore throat was denied an appointment by a general practitioner over coronavirus fears, despite not having been to China since September 2019.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> She was instead told to go the emergency room, where she was diagnosed with bronchitis. In <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, a German woman of Chinese descent was assaulted by a neighbor, who sprayed her with disinfectant, screamed "Corona" at her, and threatened to cut her head off. The man is facing charges of assault and threat; the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatsschutz" class="extiw" title="de:Staatsschutz">state protection</a> department is investigating a possible racist motive for the crime.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> A restaurant run by a well-known chef announced a ban on people of Chinese descent.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> German football club <a href="/wiki/RB_Leipzig" title="RB Leipzig">RB Leipzig</a> denied entry to a group of twenty Japanese fans over coronavirus fears.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>, locals threw raw eggs at homes owned by Japanese residents.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)</a>, anti-Japanese discrimination has been rising in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-:04-69">[69]</a> The embassy of South Korea in Germany warned its citizens of rising anti-Korean violence.<a href="#cite_note-:11-223">[223]</a> In February 2021, a <a href="/wiki/Bayern_3" title="Bayern 3">Bayern3</a> radio host apologized for comparing the worldwide popularity of the South Korean <a href="/wiki/K-pop" title="K-pop">K-pop</a> group <a href="/wiki/BTS" title="BTS">BTS</a> to "some crappy virus that hopefully there will be a vaccine for soon as well".<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> The incident prompted many South Koreans living abroad to express concerns that such remarks would further incite racist violence against them.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, a German family of Turkish descent had received a threatening letter that allegedly contains the coronavirus.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> A 2021 <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Strategic_Dialogue" title="Institute for Strategic Dialogue">Institute for Strategic Dialogue</a> report for the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> found an increase in antisemitic posts on the German-language <a href="/wiki/Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software)">Telegram</a>, with narratives recasting COVID-19 as a "Zionist bioweapon".<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hungary">Hungary</h3></div> Chinese-owned businesses, including those in the predominantly Asian Józsefváros Market in Budapest, have reported a significant drop in sales, which owners have attributed to the coronavirus. Some businesses have opted to signal to potential customers that they are from another Asian country.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> Antisemitic comments have been documented on Hungarian social media alleging that the coronavirus was created by Jews in the US or Zionists in Israel to rule the world. To a lesser extent, some comments also blamed the Chinese for the virus, calling them "yellow Jews" or "the Jews of the East".<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3></div> On 8 August 2020, two men of Chinese origin, Martin Hong and Arthur Ma, were attacked in a physical and verbal racist assault whilst shopping in a supermarket in <a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a> <a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">County Cork</a>. The assault happened after Martin and Arthur were racially abused by a group of teenagers who were shouting "Chinese virus". Hong and Ma asked the teenagers to repeat what they said after removing their phones. To which the teenagers retaliated by violently punching the pair. An elderly woman raised the alarm by contacting <a href="/wiki/Garda_S%C3%ADoch%C3%A1na" title="Garda Síochána">Gardaí</a>. Hong and Ma spent six hours receiving medical care after the pair were admitted to <a href="/wiki/Cork_University_Hospital" title="Cork University Hospital">Cork University Hospital</a>. Gardaí later issued a statement about the incident which was confirmed and they said they were following a "definite line of enquiry".<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> On 14 August 2020 <a href="/wiki/Garda_S%C3%ADoch%C3%A1na" title="Garda Síochána">Gardaí Síochána</a> are investigating a racist verbal and physical assault in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> <a href="/wiki/County_Dublin" title="County Dublin">County Dublin</a> after a video, which was posted on two separate <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a> accounts of an Asian woman Xuedan (Shelley) Xiong being filmed, being pushed into the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canal" title="Royal Canal">Royal Canal</a> between <a href="/wiki/Castleknock" title="Castleknock">Castleknock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ashtown,_Dublin" title="Ashtown, Dublin">Ashtown</a> by a group of boys who raced towards her on bicycles, as if to push her into the canal after she confronted them for making racial slurs by shouting "<a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">Coronavirus</a>"<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> towards her. The video was deleted along with the accounts, which were suspended. Xiong is now afraid to leave her home. Xiong was heard telling the group "not to racially discriminate, that's criminal" before some of the boys pushed her into the canal some of the boys were heard mocking her screams and laughing as they cycled off. Gardaí Síochána said the boys are unlikely to be charged or cautioned.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> On 4 November 2020, an account alleged to belong to Rebecca Barrett, wife of <a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Ireland,_2016)" title="National Party (Ireland, 2016)">National Party</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Justin_Barrett" title="Justin Barrett">Justin Barrett</a>, tweeted racist remarks towards <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> mayor <a href="/wiki/Hazel_Chu" title="Hazel Chu">Hazel Chu</a>. Responding to a Tweet where Chu said she was awake watching the results of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 United States presidential election</a>, the account replied "Since you're up anyway, we'll have a sweet and sour chicken, a szechuan beef and two fried rice please. No bat." The tweet was later removed by Twitter.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> In March 2021, a 51-year-old Asian woman was attacked by a dozen male teenagers on <a href="/wiki/Henry_Street,_Dublin" title="Henry Street, Dublin">Henry Street</a> in Dublin, who circled her, hit her, threw a rubbish bag in her face, filmed her with their phones, and used a racial slur. She stated that, "This is just the latest in the chain of violence and hate crime I've witnessed and [been] subjected to on the streets of Dublin."<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/La_Repubblica" title="La Repubblica">La Repubblica</a> reported that the director of Rome's prestigious <a href="/wiki/Accademia_Nazionale_di_Santa_Cecilia" title="Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia">Santa Cecilia</a> music conservatory, Roberto Giuliani, suspended lessons for all students of East Asian origin – Chinese, Japanese and Koreans, with the Chinese being the largest group affected – due to the epidemic. Though it was noted that many of the students were second-generation immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-:5-237">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-238">[238]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, people especially from South Korea and China experienced increased mockery and discrimination.<a href="#cite_note-:1-239">[239]</a> It was posted on social media that a bar around the <a href="/wiki/Trevi_Fountain" title="Trevi Fountain">Trevi Fountain</a> had a sign not allowing entrance to anyone from China because of "international safety measures". It was later removed by police.<a href="#cite_note-:7-240">[240]</a> Dozens of Chinese stores were vandalized in the northern towns of <a href="/wiki/Como" title="Como">Como</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Varese" title="Varese">Varese</a>. Many Chinese stores reported a decline in business.<a href="#cite_note-:9-241">[241]</a> People of Chinese descent, as well as those of Filipino origin who were perceived as being "Chinese" reported assaults (some serious enough to require hospitalization), harassment, and being refused services. Some public officials asked students of Chinese/East Asian origin to stay home.<a href="#cite_note-:9-241">[241]</a> On 24 February 2020, a Chinese man was barred from entering a gas station in <a href="/wiki/Cassola" title="Cassola">Cassola</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vicenza,_Veneto" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicenza, Veneto">Vicenza, Veneto</a> and was told "You have coronavirus, you cannot enter!" at which point somebody broke a bottle on his head causing severe injuries.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> The same day, an elderly Filipino pensioner was attacked and punched in a supermarket in the town of Mariano Comense, in Como, Lombardy. Singer and TV personality <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Facchinetti" title="Francesco Facchinetti">Francesco Facchinetti</a> was seen intervening and defending the victim.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> Veneto regional governor <a href="/wiki/Luca_Zaia" title="Luca Zaia">Luca Zaia</a> apologized after claiming the Chinese eat live mice.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> On 8 March 2020, a Japanese restaurant in Rivoli, in Torino, Piedmont was the target of an arson attack by a group of teens who taunted the owners, calling them carriers of the epidemic.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h3></div> Dutch public broadcasting news network <a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting" title="Nederlandse Omroep Stichting">NOS</a> has reported that on many of its Facebook and Instagram posts about the coronavirus, there have been a great number of "racist, discriminating and anti-Chinese comments". Dutch residents of Asian descent report having been called out as carriers of the coronavirus during their commute, in the supermarket, in school, and on social media.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> On 6 February 2020, radio DJ <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_Gaarthuis" class="extiw" title="nl:Lex Gaarthuis">Lex Gaarthuis</a> presented his <a href="/wiki/Carnival_in_the_Netherlands" title="Carnival in the Netherlands">Carnaval</a> song "Voorkomen is beter dan Chinezen" (a <a href="/wiki/Pun" title="Pun">pun</a> on the proverb Voorkomen is beter dan genezen – "prevention is better than cure" – with Chinezen referring to both Chinese people and eating Chinese food) on national radio station <a href="/wiki/Radio_10_(Netherlands)" title="Radio 10 (Netherlands)">Radio 10</a> under his alter ego Toon, which includes the lyrics "we can't have the virus in our country, it is all caused by these stinking Chinese people" and "don't eat Chinese food". After many complaints were issued against Radio 10 and Gaarthuis, primarily by the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_the_Netherlands" title="Chinese people in the Netherlands">Chinese community in the Netherlands</a>, both the station and artist made formal apologies, with Gaarthuis saying the song was meant to be satirical but had overshot its mark.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> Ironically, the virus was spread significantly during the Carnaval period.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> On 8 February 2020, a group of Chinese students living in a student dormitory of <a href="/wiki/Wageningen_University_and_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Wageningen University and Research">Wageningen University</a> discovered that their floor had been vandalized. Damages included a <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_China" title="Flag of China">Chinese flag</a> torn from a student's door and shredded and walls defaced with English language insults such as "Die, Chinese" and "Chinese Corona".<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in the Netherlands">Dutch police</a> investigated the incident, but no suspects have been identified.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> On 10 February 2020, a 65-year-old Dutch man of Chinese descent was kicked off his bicycle in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> by two young men on a <a href="/wiki/Scooter_(motorcycle)" title="Scooter (motorcycle)">scooter</a>. One of the culprits filmed the incident and uploaded it to his <a href="/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat">Snapchat</a> story. He later downplayed criticism saying "don't you worry guys, it was a Chinese man"<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> and turned himself in to police only after becoming the target of widespread <a href="/wiki/Internet_vigilantism" title="Internet vigilantism">Internet vigilantism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> On a <a href="/wiki/KLM" title="KLM">KLM</a> flight from Amsterdam to Seoul on 11 February 2020, flight attendants put up a sign in <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> discouraging passengers from using a restroom on the plane allegedly reserved for the flight crew, apparently out of fear of the coronavirus.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> A spokesman for the airline has since issued an apology, stating "we are deeply sorry that this was viewed as discrimination, which was absolutely not the intention of the crew" and that it is not company policy to reserve specific lavatories for flight crew.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> Many Koreans and Dutch people of Korean descent have reported a spate of anti-Korean incidents, from vandalism of their homes to violent assaults and harassment, and more than 150 Korean expat respondents in an online survey indicated they had experienced a xenophobic incident.<a href="#cite_note-:12-256">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-:11-223">[223]</a> On the evening of 22 February 2020, a 24-year-old Dutch student of Chinese descent was assaulted by a group of students in her dormitory in <a href="/wiki/Tilburg" title="Tilburg">Tilburg</a>, suffering a concussion and knife wounds, after she asked them to stop singing Gaarthuis' Carnaval song.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> In late February 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_School_of_Amsterdam" title="Japanese School of Amsterdam">Japanese School of Amsterdam</a> cautioned parents not to bring their children to playgrounds and other places frequented by local children, amidst a spate of violent bullying incidents targeting Japanese children.<a href="#cite_note-:12-256">[256]</a> On 16 March 2020, a residence in <a href="/wiki/Diemen" title="Diemen">Diemen</a> was smeared with words reading "Kankerchinees corona" ("cancerous Chinese corona" in English), which was publicly denounced by Mayor <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Boog" class="extiw" title="nl:Erik Boog">Erik Boog</a>.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> On 21 June 2020, a teenager of Korean descent fell victim to a group assault in a <a href="/wiki/Zaandam" title="Zaandam">Zaandam</a> park. The teen was kicked in the head, blamed for the coronavirus, and one of his assailants attempted to steal a mobile phone.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> On 4 July, a 16-year-old boy was arrested on suspicion of attempted <a href="/wiki/Manslaughter" title="Manslaughter">manslaughter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-yanii-261">[261]</a> Police interrogated a 13-year-old boy who filmed the incident and the <a href="/wiki/Public_Prosecution_Service_(Netherlands)" title="Public Prosecution Service (Netherlands)">Public Prosecution Service</a> did not rule out further arrests.<a href="#cite_note-yanii-261">[261]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3></div> In May 2020, the Polish-based "NEVER AGAIN" Association published its report titled "The Virus of Hate: The Brown Book of Epidemic". It documented acts of racism, xenophobia and discrimination that occurred in the wake of coronavirus in Poland. The 40 pages long report recorded numerous attacks on the representatives of minorities on the background of accusations of spreading the virus, as well as cases of spreading hate speech and conspiracy theories about the epidemic by the extreme right.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3></div> In Moscow and <a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg" title="Yekaterinburg">Yekaterinburg</a>, Chinese nationals are targeted by quarantine enforcing campaigns, as well as police raids, which were condemned as racial profiling.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Blagoveshchensk" title="Blagoveshchensk">Blagoveshchensk</a>, at least one hotel has barred Chinese nationals from booking rooms, and markets operated by people of Chinese origin have seen their sales plummeting.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> According to an Ipsos MORI poll conducted in February 2020, 37% of Russian respondents would consider avoiding people of Chinese origin, the highest of the eight countries surveyed.<a href="#cite_note-:10-98">[98]</a> On the other hand, an October 2020 poll from the Central European Institute of Asian Studies<a href="#cite_note-:15-266">[266]</a> found that Russian respondents were the least likely to blame China for COVID-19 out of the 13 European countries surveyed.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden">Sweden</h3></div> It was reported on 20 May 2020 that a Chinese student and his girlfriend were racially harassed and assaulted in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> due to wearing masks. A man hit the couple in the face and head, which resulted in injuries for both victims, including a concussion for the female victim.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> Individuals have been bullied,<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> forced to leave public transportation<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> and physically abused.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> An October 2020 poll from the Central European Institute of Asian Studies<a href="#cite_note-:15-266">[266]</a> had more than half of Swedish respondents agreeing that COVID-19 spread due to Chinese people eating bats and other wild animals, which was a higher percentage than the other 12 European countries surveyed.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3></div> On 12 February 2020, <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a> reported that some <a href="/wiki/British_Chinese" title="British Chinese">British Chinese</a> said they were facing increasing levels of racist abuse.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> It was recorded that hate crimes against British Chinese people between January and March 2020 have tripled the number of hate crimes in the past two years in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> According to the London <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police" title="Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a>, between January and June 2020, 457 race-related crimes against <a href="/wiki/East_Asians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="East Asians in the United Kingdom">British East and Southeast Asians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> Verbal abuse has been one of the common forms of racism experienced by British Chinese. Just before the lockdown in February 2020, British Chinese children recalled experiences of fear and frustration due to bullying and name calling in their schools.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> According to a June 2020 poll, 76% of British Chinese had received racial slurs at least once, and 50% regularly received racial slurs, a significantly higher frequency than experienced by any other racial minority.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> Anti-Chinese racism has also had effects on Chinese-owned businesses. Many, including the busy <a href="/wiki/British_Chinese_cuisine" title="British Chinese cuisine">Chinese takeaway</a> segment and businesses in <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_London" title="Chinatown, London">Chinatown</a>, London recorded significantly reduced customers in the aftermath of the coronavirus outbreak compared to usual elevated sales related to <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a> celebrations, due to fears of coronavirus spreading through food or unhygienic working practices.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc-279">[279]</a> In London, a student of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Holloway_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Holloway University">Royal Holloway University</a> was verbally abused by train passengers at <a href="/wiki/Clapham_Junction_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Clapham Junction station">Clapham Junction station</a>, while a similar incident was reported by passengers on the <a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">London Underground</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-279">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> On 30 January 2020, a postgraduate student walking alone while wearing a face mask on West Street in <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a> city centre, towards the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sheffield" title="University of Sheffield">University of Sheffield</a>, was verbally abused and nudged by three people.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tottenham_Hotspur" class="mw-redirect" title="Tottenham Hotspur">Tottenham Hotspur</a> footballer <a href="/wiki/Dele_Alli" title="Dele Alli">Dele Alli</a> posted a video on <a href="/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat">Snapchat</a> where he wore a face mask and appeared to mock an Asian man seated near him in <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a> about the coronavirus outbreak. He later apologised and deleted the video.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> A 24-year-old <a href="/wiki/Thais_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Thais in the United Kingdom">Thai</a> tax consultant in London was violently assaulted and robbed by two teenagers yelling "coronavirus" at the man.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Solihull" title="Solihull">Solihull</a>, a woman of Chinese origin was allegedly called "a dirty <a href="/wiki/Chink" title="Chink">Chink</a>" and told "Take your fucking coronavirus back home!" A woman of Indian origin who tried to intervene was beaten up and later hospitalised.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> On 24 February 2020, a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Singaporeans" title="Chinese Singaporeans">Singaporean Chinese</a> student at <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a> was beaten up when walking past a group who shouted "I don't want your coronavirus in my country". He suffered fractures on his face and bruises on his eye.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> Two teenagers have been arrested in relation to the incident.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> One of the teenagers was sentenced to serve an 18-month youth rehabilitation order on 28 January 2021.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> In March 2020, in Exeter, there had been six separate racially-motivated physical assaults against Asian people, including three assaults against Chinese teenagers reported in a 24-hour period.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> A Vietnamese art curator was dropped as an assistant for an exhibit of contemporary Vietnamese fine art at the <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Art_Fair" title="Affordable Art Fair">Affordable Art Fair</a>. Raquelle Azran, the dealer in charge of the exhibit, explained in an email that she could no longer participate because "Asians are being seen as carriers of the virus" and that the presence of a Vietnamese curator "would unfortunately create hesitation on the part of the audience to enter the exhibition space".<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a> An <a href="/wiki/NHS" class="mw-redirect" title="NHS">NHS</a> nurse of Asian descent stated she was assaulted and racially abused by a couple at a train station during her commute for a nightshift at a hospital.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> In February 2021, a <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southampton" title="University of Southampton">University of Southampton</a> lecturer of Chinese descent was beaten by a group of men and had various racist slurs yelled at him.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> Some right-wing social media users have spread Islamophobic conspiracy theories and fake videos of Muslims flouting social distancing measures and being prone to spreading the virus.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romanis">Romanis</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> have each allegedly taken "disproportionate or militarized measures" against communities of <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani people</a> during the pandemic, targeting their towns and villages as part of a racially charged narrative that the Romani are unclean and diseased. Media organizations in these nations have also sometimes taken discriminatory stances, with one Romanian media outlet claiming that Romani people were disease reservoirs, having genetic resistance to COVID-19 themselves, yet able to pass it on to others.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> Meanwhile, in <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, Romani leaders have claimed that they have been left out of the nation's aggressive COVID-19 immunization drive and thus were forced to organize their own community initiatives to spur lagging vaccination rates.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="North_America">North America</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3></div> A national report, funded by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a> and conducted as a collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Canadian_National_Council" title="Chinese Canadian National Council">Chinese Canadian National Council</a> – Toronto Chapter, Project 107, <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Asian_Film_Festival" title="Vancouver Asian Film Festival">Vancouver Asian Film Festival</a> and the Chinese Canadian National Council for Social Justice, revealed there were 600 documented anti-Asian incidents reported in the country since the start of the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-CCNC-SJ-295">[295]</a> It revealed that <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Canadians" title="East Asian Canadians">East Asians</a> suffered the most attacks at 83%, followed by <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Asian">Southeast Asians</a> at 7%, <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians" title="South Asian Canadians">South Asians</a> at 2%, mixed-race or biracial Canadians at 1.5% and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous Canadians</a> at 1%.<a href="#cite_note-CCNC-SJ-295">[295]</a> On 26 January 2020, Peter Akman, a reporter who was with <a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV News</a>, tweeted an image of his Asian barber in a mask and said, "Hopefully all I got today was a haircut."<a href="#cite_note-Smith-296">[296]</a> He was fired after the tweet was reported.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> On 29 January 2020, <a href="/wiki/Theresa_Tam" title="Theresa Tam">Theresa Tam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Public_Health_Officer_of_Canada" title="Chief Public Health Officer of Canada">Chief Public Health Officer of Canada</a> and head of the <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Agency_of_Canada" title="Public Health Agency of Canada">Public Health Agency of Canada</a>, expressed her concern. Tam, who is originally from Hong Kong, tweeted that "I am concerned about the growing number of reports of racism and stigmatizing comments on social media directed to people of Chinese and Asian descent related to 2019-nCoV coronavirus."<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a> reported on 7 February 2020 that some people of Hong Kong and other Asian diaspora in Canada had been spreading xenophobic stories and rhetoric online against mainland Chinese people.<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> Several incidents of violent assaults against women of Asian descent have been reported.<a href="#cite_note-:14-300">[300]</a> According to an <a href="/wiki/Angus_Reid_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Angus Reid Institute">Angus Reid Institute</a>/<a href="/wiki/University_of_Alberta" title="University of Alberta">University of Alberta</a> survey on 22 June 2020, 64% of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Canadians" title="Chinese Canadians">Chinese-Canadian</a> respondents reported some level of disrespect during COVID-19,<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> 50% of them had experienced verbal abuse, and 29% had experienced physical attacks. 64% of respondents also felt coverage from North American news outlets had led to negative views of ethnically Chinese people in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> In Vancouver, anti-Asian hate crimes grew 717% between 2019 and 2020.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alberta">Alberta</h4></div> In <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a> a man was arrested for spitting on an Asian woman on a <a href="/wiki/Longboard_(skateboard)" title="Longboard (skateboard)">longboard</a> at a park and calling her a "stupid <a href="/wiki/Chink" title="Chink">chink</a>". The man also spit on a white couple behind the Asian woman.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> Also in Calgary, a man was charged with hate crimes for verbally attacking a Chinese-Canadian man with racial slurs.<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a> On 23 December 2021, <a href="/wiki/Alberta_Premier" class="mw-redirect" title="Alberta Premier">Alberta Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Jason_Kenney" title="Jason Kenney">Jason Kenney</a> likened the origins of COVID-19 to a "bat soup thing out of Wuhan".<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> Following subsequent criticism for his remarks, Kenney supposedly apologized, allegedly stating "...if anybody did take offence, that I apologize to them, if they took offence, certainly none was intended".<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="British_Columbia">British Columbia</h4></div> Chinese-Canadian businesses in Vancouver have reported a drop in business from fifty to seventy percent.<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a> On 13 March 2020, a white man in his 50s yelled racist remarks about COVID-19 towards a 92-year-old Asian man with dementia at a convenience store in Vancouver. The suspect also assaulted the elderly man, which caused the victim to fall and hit his head on the ground.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cultural_Centre,_Vancouver" title="Chinese Cultural Centre, Vancouver">Vancouver's Chinese Cultural Centre</a> was a target of vandalism, particularly graffiti calling for the death of Chinese people.<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a> On 1 November 2020, a man was filmed threatening a Filipino man on a bus in Vancouver. The man referred to the Filipino man as a "Chinese spy" and threatened to sexually assault his daughter.<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Police_Department" title="Vancouver Police Department">Vancouver Police Department</a> the number of anti-Asian hate crimes reported in the months March and April 2020 exceeded the total in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-:14-300">[300]</a> During the first nine months of 2020, the number of anti-Asian hate crimes saw an 878% increase compared to the same period in 2019, from nine to eighty-eight.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> A survey of 1,600 adults conducted by ResearchCo and obtained by the <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a> revealed one in four Canadians of Asian descent (70% of whom were of Chinese descent) who lived in British Columbia knew someone within their household who had faced discrimination.<a href="#cite_note-ResearchCosurvey-314">[314]</a> The survey also revealed 24 percent of Canadians of South Asian descent reported racist insults.<a href="#cite_note-ResearchCosurvey-314">[314]</a> Canadians of Indigenous origin had also reported discrimination.<a href="#cite_note-ResearchCosurvey-314">[314]</a> On 1 May 2021 at 3 pm at <a href="/wiki/Burger_King" title="Burger King">Burger King</a> in Ironwood Plaza in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_British_Columbia" title="Richmond, British Columbia">Richmond</a>, a man standing next to a Chinese family shouted "China virus! Because of you the world is like this! Go back to your country!" which caused a bystander to shout "Get the f*** out", to which the attacker responded with further racist abuse.<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ontario">Ontario</h4></div> In the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Toronto_Area" title="Greater Toronto Area">Greater Toronto Area</a>, Chinese restaurants have reported a drop in sales of thirty to eighty percent.<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> On 28 January 2020, nine thousand parents of a school district in the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_York" title="Regional Municipality of York">York Region</a>, just north of <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> signed a <a href="/wiki/Petition" title="Petition">petition</a> calling on the <a href="/wiki/York_Region_District_School_Board" title="York Region District School Board">York Region District School Board</a> to keep students whose family have visited China home from school for seventeen days, and that schools keep track of these students' travels and inform other parents so they could decide whether to pull their kids out of class. The York Region School Board rejected the petition, saying it could potentially stoke racism.<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> In April 2020, Dipanjan Basu, a <a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo" title="University of Waterloo">University of Waterloo</a> engineering professor posted anti-Chinese messages on his personal Facebook account, for which he later apologized.<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Markham,_Ontario" title="Markham, Ontario">Markham, Ontario</a>, police arrested an individual and charged an individual implicated in six assaults against Asian women.<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> In another incident in <a href="/wiki/Scarborough,_Ontario" title="Scarborough, Ontario">Scarborough</a>, a man was assaulted while ordering food. Anti-Asian statements were uttered by the attacker. Police investigated this as a hate-motivated assault.<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Quebec">Quebec</h4></div> In Montreal, vandals targeted Vietnamese Buddhist temples by smashing statues and religious artifacts.<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> On 17 March 2020, two Korean men were stabbed in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, prompting the Korean Consulate to issue a warning to those of Korean heritage in the city to be cautious and report any incidents to the consulate.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> In April 2020, there have been reports of <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> being harassed and mistaken as Asians in Montreal. They were spat on and told to "go back to China" or "home country".<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Service_de_police_de_la_Ville_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Service de police de la Ville de Montréal">SVPM</a> noted a spike in the number of hate crimes and incidents against the Asian community in Montreal in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hutterites">Hutterites</h4></div> In late-June 2020, a large number of cases involving <a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a> – a communal, self-sufficient <a href="/wiki/Ethnoreligious_group" title="Ethnoreligious group">ethnoreligious group</a> with a large population in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta">Alberta</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manitoba" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, began to emerge. While many colonies cooperated with provincial health officials to control these outbreaks, some displayed resistance – which led to the group as a whole becoming stigmatized by the general population and facing discrimination.<a href="#cite_note-cbc-hutteritestigma-327">[327]</a> After facing the threat of a human rights complaint by a community member,<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> Manitoba announced that it would no longer link COVID-19 cases to Hutterite colonies unless there is risk to the general public.<a href="#cite_note-cbc-hutteritestigma-327">[327]</a> For similar reasons, the Hutterian Safety Council (HSC) criticized Saskatchewan for linking outbreaks to Hutterite colonies where there is no risk to the public – even after it began to use the euphemism "communal living setting" to identify them – considering it a form of "<a href="/wiki/Ethnic_profiling" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic profiling">cultural profiling</a>" as no other group had been singled out in this manner. The province's medical officer Saqib Shahab said it was "very important to recognize there will be different settings for transmission", and that the public needed to be aware of where new cases were located.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom:0.25em">COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_(obverse).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Great Seal of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/140px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/210px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/280px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Long title</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">To facilitate the expedited review of COVID-19 hate crimes, and for other purposes.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Enacted by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">the <a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th United States Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Effective</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">20 May 2021</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#bbddff">Citations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Public law</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress#Public_law,_private_law,_designation" title="Act of Congress"><abbr title="Public Law">Pub. L.</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/117/public/13?link-type=html">117–13 (text)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/117/public/13?link-type=pdf&.pdf">(PDF)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Statutes at Large</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">135 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-135-265">265</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#bbddff"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/937/actions">Legislative history</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em"><div><ul style="line-height:1.3em;text-align:left"><li>Introduced in the Senate as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/937">S. 937</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mazie_Hirono" title="Mazie Hirono">Mazie Hirono</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>–<a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">HI</a>) on 23 March 2021</li><li>Passed the Senate on 22 April 2021 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1171/vote_117_1_00165.htm">94–1</a>)</li><li>Passed the House on 18 May 2021 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2021/roll145.xml">364–62</a>)</li><li>Signed into law by President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> on 20 May 2021</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> According to a June 2020 <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research</a> study 58% of Asian Americans and 45% of African Americans believe that racist views toward them had increased since the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> A study by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_College_of_Arts_%26_Science" title="New York University College of Arts & Science">New York University College of Arts & Science</a> found that there was no overall increase of Anti-Asian sentiment among the American population, instead it suggested that "already prejudiced persons" had felt authorized by the pandemic to act openly on their prejudices.<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> Early calls for blaming China for the pandemic outbreak included derogatory use of the phrases "Chinese flu", "China flu", or "Wuhan flu", phrases embraced and widely used by then-President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> and his supporters.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a> There were several thousand incidences of xenophobia and racism against Asian Americans between 28 January and 24 February 2020, according to a tally compiled by <a href="/wiki/Russell_Jeung" title="Russell Jeung">Russell Jeung</a>, professor of Asian American Studies at <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_State_University" title="San Francisco State University">San Francisco State University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-334">[334]</a> An online reporting forum called "<a href="/wiki/Stop_AAPI_Hate" title="Stop AAPI Hate">Stop AAPI Hate</a>" recorded "650 direct reports of discrimination against primarily Asian Americans" between 18 and 26 March 2020,<a href="#cite_note-:0-334">[334]</a> this later increased to 1,497 reports by 15 April 2020, and most targets were of Chinese (40%) and Korean (16%) descent.<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> By 28 February 2021, it had risen to 3,795.<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> According to a report by Philadelphia radio station <a href="/wiki/WHYY-FM" title="WHYY-FM">WHYY-FM</a> (21 April 2020), incidents of anti-Asian racism in Philadelphia during the pandemic, including discrimination, racial slurs and a violent attack, especially targeted Chinese Americans, and went mostly unreported to the authorities. The article detailed a number of incidents which were caused both by <a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">white Americans</a> and African Americans.<a href="#cite_note-Buscher2020-337">[337]</a> Media critique organisation <a href="/wiki/Fairness_%26_Accuracy_in_Reporting" title="Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting">FAIR</a> has documented instances of anti-Asian racism on the street, and reports that many media outlets such as <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a> capitalise on Sinophobia and "<a href="/wiki/Orientalism" title="Orientalism">Orientalist</a> tropes that the Chinese are inherently sneaky and untrustworthy, and are ruled by an incompetent, authoritarian government that is the 'sick man of Asia'".<a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a> An article on <a href="/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)" title="The Conversation (website)">The Conversation</a> has also noted anti-Chinese sentiments from similar media outlets on their <a href="/wiki/Wet_market#Media_coverage" title="Wet market">coverage of Chinese wet markets</a>.<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>'s University Health Services posted an infographic on common reactions to the novel coronavirus epidemic that said "Xenophobia: fears about interacting with those who might be from Asia and guilt about these feelings" is normal. The university was criticized for "normalizing racism".<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a> Former presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Yang" title="Andrew Yang">Andrew Yang</a> spoke of an uptick in anti-Asian racism surrounding the coronavirus.<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a> In February 2021, Asian American basketball player <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Lin" title="Jeremy Lin">Jeremy Lin</a> said he had been called "coronavirus" on the court.<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a> Several lawmakers, including members of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>, denounced <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">xenophobia</a> related to the coronavirus in a press conference. They said Asian American businesses across the country from grocery stores to nail salons and restaurants had been forced into financial crises due to a reduction in customers.<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a> Additionally, Asian American businesses have reported coronavirus-related harassment and acts of vandalism.<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a> President Trump frequently referred to <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a> as the "Chinese Virus", "China Virus" and "Kung Flu" (from Kung Fu, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_martial_arts" title="Chinese martial arts">Chinese martial arts</a>) in an attempt to point to its origin, a term considered by some to be <a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Chinese">anti-Chinese</a> and racist.<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a> He later argued this was "not racist at all" after lawmakers including <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> raised objections about the statement.<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a> Trump also tweeted, on 23 March 2020, that the coronavirus was not Asian Americans' fault and their communities should be protected.<a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a> <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> commentators <a href="/wiki/Chris_Cuomo" title="Chris Cuomo">Chris Cuomo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Acosta" title="Jim Acosta">Jim Acosta</a> also criticized the use of the term "Wuhan Virus" and "Chinese Virus",<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a> although other CNN anchors had used those terms in the past.<a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a> Trump also brushed off the alleged use of the derogatory term "Kung Flu" by a <a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">White House</a> official to refer to COVID-19 when asked by a reporter during a media session on 18 March 2020.<a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a><a href="#cite_note-355">[355]</a> Eventually he pulled back on the "Chinese Virus" name due to Asian communities facing increased number of racist taunts and incidents as the illness spread across the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-356">[356]</a> However, at his <a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a>, rally on 20 June, Trump referred to the virus as "Kung Flu".<a href="#cite_note-357">[357]</a> Then-U.S. <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state" title="Secretary of state">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> referred to the virus as the "Wuhan Virus" and said that there was "a significant amount of evidence" it emerged from the Wuhan Institute of Virology and blamed the Chinese Communist Party for posing "a substantial threat to our health and way of life."<a href="#cite_note-358">[358]</a><a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a><a href="#cite_note-360">[360]</a> In response to the growing anti-Chinese sentiment, several media outlets and individuals began suggesting that it was not useful to blame Chinese people for the pandemic, and that there was a distinction between the people of China and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP), accused by some of covering up and mishandling the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-361">[361]</a><a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a> A petition to use the name 'CCP virus' was launched with the White House on 20 March 2020. On 23 March 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a>'s (FBI) <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> office issued an alert reporting that extremists were encouraging one another to intentionally spread the coronavirus to police officers and members of the Jewish community, if they contracted it.<a href="#cite_note-cnn-000-363">[363]</a><a href="#cite_note-364">[364]</a> That same day, the FBI foiled a terrorist plot by a <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacist</a> to use a <a href="/wiki/Car_bomb" title="Car bomb">car bomb</a> to blow up a <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> hospital overflowing with COVID-19 patients, with the man having referenced <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> conspiracy theories that the virus was "engineered by Jews" online before he was shot and killed in an altercation with FBI agents.<a href="#cite_note-Terror-365">[365]</a><a href="#cite_note-Benlolo-366">[366]</a> The next day, the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a> released a memo to law enforcement officials warning of the possibility of violent extremists taking advantage of the pandemic to commit terrorist attacks. The memo cites calls by far-right extremists to commit attacks on Asian Americans and other targets, as well as spread the virus in diverse neighborhoods and places of worship.<a href="#cite_note-cnn-000-363">[363]</a><a href="#cite_note-367">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-368">[368]</a> On 28 March, the FBI warned again that white supremacist groups were plotting to "expose Jewish people to coronavirus" by having members use themselves as bio-weapons" to infect areas Jewish people are deemed likely to visit.<a href="#cite_note-Benlolo-366">[366]</a><a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a><a href="#cite_note-ADLReport-370">[370]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Life_After_Hate" title="Life After Hate">Life After Hate</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[371]</a> observed that in addition to the wave of anti-Asian xenophobia online, there was a white nationalist and white supremacist<a href="#cite_note-ADLReport-370">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-CBSJudenhass-372">[372]</a>-fueled wave of <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">anti-Zionism</a>, including but not limited to claims that Jews and/or Israelis were spreading the virus, but also an online campaign to infect Jews with the virus as a means of murder.<a href="#cite_note-ADLReport-370">[370]</a> The ADL was especially concerned with the prevalence of antisemitic messaging on <a href="/wiki/Steam_(service)" title="Steam (service)">Steam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Discord_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Discord (software)">Discord</a> and <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a> combined with the increased internet usage by children after school closings.<a href="#cite_note-CBSJudenhass-372">[372]</a> Restaurants in <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Boston" title="Chinatown, Boston">Chinatown in Boston</a> have also lost customers due to fears of coronavirus.<a href="#cite_note-373">[373]</a> The government of New York City cited a report which estimated a forty percent sales drop for Chinese businesses in <a href="/wiki/Flushing,_Queens" title="Flushing, Queens">Flushing, Queens</a>, while other reports suggested the drop ranged from thirty to eighty percent.<a href="#cite_note-374">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-375">[375]</a> It has been reported that the number of restaurants in Chinatown in New York, that remained open decreased from 270 to 40.<a href="#cite_note-376">[376]</a> According to a March 2020 article in <a href="/wiki/The_Korea_Times" title="The Korea Times">The Korea Times</a>, Asians in the U.S. were being attacked both for wearing face-masks and for not wearing them, creating a dilemma for some Koreans as to which was safer, a choice made even more difficult by conflicting mask guidance from the CDC.<a href="#cite_note-377">[377]</a> At a White House press conference on 10 April 2020, <a href="/wiki/Surgeon_General_of_the_United_States" title="Surgeon General of the United States">Surgeon General</a> <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Adams" title="Jerome Adams">Jerome Adams</a> claimed that people of color were "socially predisposed" to coronavirus exposure.<a href="#cite_note-378">[378]</a> He was also criticized for calling on minority communities to abstain from drugs and alcohol with condescending language: "Do it for your <a href="/wiki/Grandmother" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandmother">abuela</a>. Do it for your <a href="/wiki/Grandparent" title="Grandparent">granddaddy</a>, do it for your Big Mama, do it for your pop-pop."<a href="#cite_note-379">[379]</a> Others questioned the validity of the criticism, including Columbia professor <a href="/wiki/John_McWhorter" title="John McWhorter">John McWhorter</a>, who challenged the ideology demanding that <a href="/wiki/Root_cause_analysis" title="Root cause analysis">root-cause arguments</a> always be included in statements addressing black Americans, and compared outrage at the Surgeon General's statement to that directed at <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> when he admonished absentee black fathers.<a href="#cite_note-380">[380]</a> Testifying before a <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Energy_and_Commerce" title="United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce">House Energy and Commerce Committee</a> hearing on 23 June 2020, Dr. <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a>, the director of the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases" title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</a>, said he believes <a href="/wiki/Institutional_racism" title="Institutional racism">institutional racism</a> is a contributing factor to the disproportionate effect that the virus has had on African American and other minority communities.<a href="#cite_note-381">[381]</a> On 17 September 2020, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> passed a <a href="/wiki/Resolution_(law)" title="Resolution (law)">resolution</a> 243–164 condemning racism tied to the pandemic against Asian Americans.<a href="#cite_note-382">[382]</a> On 14 April 2021, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">US Senate</a> voted 92–6 to advance the COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act, which would allow the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">US Justice Department</a> to review hate crimes related to COVID-19, with a section of the bill (titled the Khalid Jabara-<a href="/wiki/Charlottesville_car_attack" title="Charlottesville car attack">Heather Heyer</a> NO HATE Act, originally drafted by Senator <a href="/wiki/Richard_Blumenthal" title="Richard Blumenthal">Richard Blumenthal</a>) dedicated to providing federal grants for states and local governments transitioning to the <a href="/wiki/National_Incident-Based_Reporting_System" title="National Incident-Based Reporting System">National Incident-Based Reporting System</a>, authorizing federal grants for states to establish hate crime reporting hotlines, and allowing courts to require individuals convicted under the <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Shepard_and_James_Byrd_Jr._Hate_Crimes_Prevention_Act" title="Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act">Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr., Hate Crimes Prevention Act</a> to participate in educational programs or community service.<a href="#cite_note-383">[383]</a><a href="#cite_note-384">[384]</a><a href="#cite_note-385">[385]</a> On 22 April 2021, the Senate voted 94–1 to pass the COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act with bipartisan changes.<a href="#cite_note-386">[386]</a> It then passed the House of Representatives by a 364–62 vote on 18 May<a href="#cite_note-387">[387]</a> and was signed into law by Biden on 20 May.<a href="#cite_note-388">[388]</a> U.S. Olympians <a href="/wiki/Sakura_Kokumai" title="Sakura Kokumai">Sakura Kokumai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yul_Moldauer" title="Yul Moldauer">Yul Moldauer</a> said they had been targets of hate crimes as of early 2021.<a href="#cite_note-389">[389]</a> On 28 December 2022, following the abrupt end of China's <a href="/wiki/Zero-COVID" title="Zero-COVID">Zero-COVID</a> policy and subsequent surge of cases, the U.S. instituted a pre-departure testing requirement for all air passengers arriving from China.<a href="#cite_note-390">[390]</a> Since the U.S. had previously abandoned testing of all other foreign arrivals, it was feared that Asians may again become scapegoated in the midst of a pre-existing wintertime surge of cases in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-391">[391]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arizona">Arizona</h4></div> A man in <a href="/wiki/Page,_Arizona" title="Page, Arizona">Page</a> was arrested in April and accused of inciting terrorism. The man is accused of making a social media post that calls for the killing of <a href="/wiki/Navajo" title="Navajo">Navajo</a> people due to COVID-19. The <a href="/wiki/Navajo_Nation" title="Navajo Nation">Navajo Nation</a> has been dealing with a COVID-19 outbreak.<a href="#cite_note-392">[392]</a> In March, <a href="/wiki/Scottsdale,_Arizona" title="Scottsdale, Arizona">Scottsdale</a> city council member Guy Phillips made a private Facebook post claiming COVID stands for "Chinese Originated Viral Infectious Disease", prompting criticism and allegations of racism.<a href="#cite_note-393">[393]</a> Phillips later issued an apology in a letter to the <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Arizona Republic">Arizona Republic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-394">[394]</a> Asian American students at <a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_University" title="Arizona State University">Arizona State University</a> have also reported incidents of racism and xenophobia.<a href="#cite_note-395">[395]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arkansas">Arkansas</h4></div> On 13 March 2021, a <a href="/wiki/Bentonville,_Arkansas" title="Bentonville, Arkansas">Bentonville</a> Fire Department captain confronted a <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans" title="Vietnamese Americans">Vietnamese American</a> man outside <a href="/wiki/Oaklawn_Racing_Casino_Resort" title="Oaklawn Racing Casino Resort">Oaklawn Racing Casino Resort</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hot_Springs,_Arkansas" title="Hot Springs, Arkansas">Hot Springs</a>, asked him if he knew this was America, made threats, and fought. A security guard separated them but the fire captain ran back to the man, threatened to kill "you and your kind of people", grabbed him by his shirt, pushed him backwards, and punched him. <a href="/wiki/Garland_County,_Arkansas" title="Garland County, Arkansas">Garland County</a> charged him with <a href="/wiki/Public_intoxication" title="Public intoxication">public intoxication</a> and third-degree <a href="/wiki/Assault" title="Assault">assault</a>. Arkansas has no hate crime statute.<a href="#cite_note-396">[396]</a><a href="#cite_note-397">[397]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="California">California</h4></div> On 13 February 2020, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles County</a> authorities spoke out against a number of bullying incidents and assaults against the Asian American community, including a middle-schooler being beaten and hospitalized.<a href="#cite_note-398">[398]</a><a href="#cite_note-rkc2-399">[399]</a> On 14 February 2020, bullies physically attacked an Asian American boy, 16, in <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a> and accused him of having the coronavirus only because he is Asian American.<a href="#cite_note-bullies-400">[400]</a> Robin Toma of the Los Angeles County Human Relations Commission stated, "Many may be quick to assume that just because someone is Asian or from China that somehow they are more likely to be carriers of the virus. We need to speak out against this when we see it. We need to speak up, not be bystanders, be upstanders."<a href="#cite_note-bullies-400">[400]</a> Other forms of harassment in Los Angeles included fake World Health Organization flyers advising people to avoid Asian American restaurants.<a href="#cite_note-401">[401]</a> Chinatowns across the state have seen a significant drop in business since the beginning of the pandemic, in particular around the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-402">[402]</a> In November 2021, Olympic gold medalist <a href="/wiki/Sunisa_Lee" title="Sunisa Lee">Suni Lee</a> was pepper-sprayed while several people shouted racial slurs at her and a group of other Asian-Americans.<a href="#cite_note-403">[403]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Colorado">Colorado</h4></div> In July 2020, a group of <a href="/wiki/Colorado_State_University" title="Colorado State University">Colorado State University</a> students set up an Instagram account and listings for a fake Chinese restaurant in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Collins,_Colorado" title="Fort Collins, Colorado">Fort Collins</a> called "<a href="/wiki/Ching_Chong" class="mw-redirect" title="Ching Chong">Ching Chong</a> House" with a description playing into various anti-Chinese stereotypes, including a menu with items such as "mouse tail salad" and "marinated ostrich foreheads" that appears to specifically reference the COVID-19 pandemic allegedly originating in a wet market in Wuhan.<a href="#cite_note-404">[404]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Connecticut">Connecticut</h4></div> On 3 April 2020, a Chinese restaurant in <a href="/wiki/Seymour,_Connecticut" title="Seymour, Connecticut">Seymour</a> received racist phone calls blaming the COVID-19 pandemic on people of Chinese descent and threatening to shoot the owners.<a href="#cite_note-405">[405]</a><a href="#cite_note-406">[406]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Stamford, Connecticut">Stamford</a>, an Asian American woman claimed a cashier sprayed her with <a href="/wiki/Lysol" title="Lysol">Lysol</a> at a supermarket.<a href="#cite_note-407">[407]</a> A man was arrested for yelling "Go back to China" at a man wearing a mask in <a href="/wiki/Milford,_Connecticut" title="Milford, Connecticut">Milford</a>. The man then allegedly pointed his vehicle at the other man.<a href="#cite_note-408">[408]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Delaware">Delaware</h4></div> In June 2020, flyers described as "racist and xenophobic" by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Delaware" title="University of Delaware">University of Delaware</a> were found on vehicles and apartments doors of Asian American students.<a href="#cite_note-409">[409]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Florida">Florida</h4></div> In mid-March 2020, in <a href="/wiki/Miami_Beach,_Florida" title="Miami Beach, Florida">Miami Beach, Florida</a>, a rapper named 1KJohnny posted an <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> video of himself bullying an elderly Asian woman by chasing her with hand sanitizer while shouting, "Sanitize your ass!"<a href="#cite_note-410">[410]</a><a href="#cite_note-411">[411]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Georgia">Georgia</h4></div> In April 2020, "Wuhan <a href="/wiki/Plague_(disease)" title="Plague (disease)">plague</a>" stickers depicting <a href="/wiki/Winnie_the_Pooh" class="mw-redirect" title="Winnie the Pooh">Winnie the Pooh</a> eating a bat were posted on several businesses in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-412">[412]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2021_Atlanta_spa_shootings" title="2021 Atlanta spa shootings">2021 Atlanta spa shootings</a></div> On 16 March 2021, a series of <a href="/wiki/Mass_shooting" title="Mass shooting">mass shootings</a> occurred at three <a href="/wiki/Massage_parlor" title="Massage parlor">massage parlors</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> of <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>. Eight people were killed, six of whom were women of Asian descent, and one person was wounded. The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(South_Korea)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea)">South Korean Foreign Affairs Ministry</a> reported that four of the dead were of Korean ethnicity.<a href="#cite_note-florida2-413">[413]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Chosun_Ilbo" title="The Chosun Ilbo">The Chosun Ilbo</a>, an eyewitness said the shooter said he would "kill all Asians",<a href="#cite_note-Chosun_Ilbo2-414">[414]</a> and some lawmakers and commentators argued that the shootings constituted a <a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">hate crime</a>.<a href="#cite_note-yang-415">[415]</a><a href="#cite_note-:03-416">[416]</a><a href="#cite_note-florida2-413">[413]</a> Various public officials have condemned the shootings and expressed their condolences with the Asian American community, including the <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">president</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">vice president</a>, several lawmakers, and South Korea's foreign minister.<a href="#cite_note-BidenandHarrisreaction-417">[417]</a><a href="#cite_note-DailyBeast.Loved-418">[418]</a><a href="#cite_note-florida2-413">[413]</a><a href="#cite_note-419">[419]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Illinois">Illinois</h4></div> A 60-year-old Chinese American man was attacked by two women while jogging in <a href="/wiki/Naperville,_Illinois" title="Naperville, Illinois">Naperville, Illinois</a>. According to his daughter, they allegedly threw a log at him, accused him of having the virus, spat at him, and told him to "go back to China."<a href="#cite_note-420">[420]</a><a href="#cite_note-421">[421]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Indiana">Indiana</h4></div> Two <a href="/wiki/Hmong_Americans" title="Hmong Americans">Hmong</a> men were rejected from two hotels in Indiana because hotel staff thought they might have the virus.<a href="#cite_note-422">[422]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">Korean American</a> doctor born in <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a>, was kicked out of a <a href="/wiki/Marathon_Petroleum" title="Marathon Petroleum">Marathon Petroleum</a> gas station in <a href="/wiki/Martinsville,_Indiana" title="Martinsville, Indiana">Martinsville</a>. The clerk told him he was not allowed to buy anything or use the bathroom, and to never come back.<a href="#cite_note-423">[423]</a> On 27 February 2021, Ardahbek Amantur, 29, told his passengers while at <a href="/wiki/College_Mall" title="College Mall">College Mall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">Bloomington</a> that only four people could legally ride in his car and canceled the Uber ride request. A man in the passenger seat refused to leave his car and asked him repeatedly, "Do you eat bats?", got out of the car, tried to tackle him, knocked the victim to the concrete, took Amantur's glasses, which had fallen to the ground, and purposefully smashed them.<a href="#cite_note-phyllis-cha-424">[424]</a> On 3 March, Jason Nguyen, a sophomore at <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University" title="Indiana University">Indiana University</a> from <a href="/wiki/Fishers,_Indiana" title="Fishers, Indiana">Fishers</a>, was at IU's Willkie Campus Store when store workers were debating whether they would vote for one of the workers if he ran for president. Nguyen said, "I'd vote for you" and a worker said, "Oh no, no, no you wouldn't vote for him, because people of your kind ..." then caught himself.<a href="#cite_note-phyllis-cha-424">[424]</a> On 11 January 2023, an 18-year-old IU student was stabbed multiple times in a <a href="/wiki/Bloomington_Transit" title="Bloomington Transit">Bloomington Transit</a> bus by a 56-year-old woman, who admitted to attacking Asian Americans intentionally, stating "It would be one less person to blow up our country."<a href="#cite_note-425">[425]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kansas">Kansas</h4></div> On 19 March 2020, in <a href="/wiki/Overland_Park,_Kansas" title="Overland Park, Kansas">Overland Park</a>, Kansas, an Asian American worker was told to move <a href="/wiki/Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">six feet away</a> from her white co-workers at Taben Group. She was the only person in the office asked to distance herself from others due to safety concerns over the COVID-19 pandemic. When the woman filed a complaint of discriminatory treatment, she was fired from the Taben Group.<a href="#cite_note-426">[426]</a><a href="#cite_note-427">[427]</a> On 19 March 2021, in <a href="/wiki/Russell,_Kansas" title="Russell, Kansas">Russell</a>, an out-of-state bar patron shouted, "I'm going to kick his ass" and aggressively confronted State Representative <a href="/wiki/Rui_Xu" title="Rui Xu">Rui Xu</a>, questioning the use of a face mask and asking if he had COVID-19 while accompanied by the owner of the business.<a href="#cite_note-428">[428]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Louisiana">Louisiana</h4></div> A police officer in <a href="/wiki/Kaplan,_Louisiana" title="Kaplan, Louisiana">Kaplan, Louisiana</a>, was fired for allegedly making comments on social media about it being "unfortunate" that more black people do not die from COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-429">[429]</a> CNN reporter <a href="/wiki/Amara_Walker" title="Amara Walker">Amara Walker</a>, a Korean American, described three racist incidents that happened to her at the <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong_New_Orleans_International_Airport" title="Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport">New Orleans International Airport</a>. According to Walker, a man at the airport said "Ni hao, <a href="/wiki/Ching_chong" title="Ching chong">ching chong</a>" to her. She says that when she was at the <a href="/wiki/Airport_terminal" title="Airport terminal">terminal</a>, a different man asked her if she spoke English and mocked Asian languages. When an airport officer came to the terminal, Walker says that the officer stated that asking someone if they speak English is not racist.<a href="#cite_note-430">[430]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maine">Maine</h4></div> A <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homeless</a> man in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland</a> was arrested in March 2021 for harassing an Asian woman and her daughter and damaging the woman's car. Police say they are investigating the incident as a hate crime.<a href="#cite_note-431">[431]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maryland">Maryland</h4></div> In <a href="/wiki/Howard_County,_Maryland" title="Howard County, Maryland">Howard County</a>, six restaurants, four of which were Asian-owned, were burglarized on <a href="/wiki/Lunar_New_Year" title="Lunar New Year">Lunar New Year</a> 2021.<a href="#cite_note-432">[432]</a> In May 2021 in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, two women who were closing shop were reportedly assaulted by a 50-year-old man with a <a href="/wiki/Concrete_masonry_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Concrete masonry unit">cinder block</a>. The women were elderly, in their late sixties. One got 25 stitches to her head. The man faces assault charges, but hate crime charges were not yet filed.<a href="#cite_note-433">[433]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</h4></div> After a Chinese American <a href="/wiki/Anesthesiology" title="Anesthesiology">anesthesiology</a> <a href="/wiki/Residency_(medicine)" title="Residency (medicine)">resident</a> left work from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Hospital" title="Massachusetts General Hospital">Massachusetts General Hospital</a>, a man followed her and yelled profanities and racial verbal abuse, saying, "Why are you Chinese people killing everyone?" and "What is wrong with you? Why the fuck are you killing us?" Another anesthesiology resident who is of Chinese and <a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">Filipino</a> descent was yelled at by a man on the subway, "Fuck China! Fuck the Chinese!" An <a href="/wiki/Internal_medicine" title="Internal medicine">internal medicine</a> resident at <a href="/wiki/Beth_Israel_Deaconess_Medical_Center" title="Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center">Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center</a> in Boston said a frustrated patient at another hospital repeatedly told her to "go back to your country."<a href="#cite_note-434">[434]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Michigan">Michigan</h4></div> In <a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a>, a child at the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_anti-lockdown_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States anti-lockdown protests">Reopen Michigan</a> protest danced in <a href="/wiki/Blackface" title="Blackface">blackface</a> resembling former President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> on the steps of the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_Capitol" title="Michigan State Capitol">Michigan State Capitol</a> building.<a href="#cite_note-435">[435]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minnesota">Minnesota</h4></div> In <a href="/wiki/Woodbury,_Minnesota" title="Woodbury, Minnesota">Woodbury</a> in March 2020, a threatening racist note was left on the home of an Asian American couple with statements such as "we're watching you" and "take the Chinese virus back to China".<a href="#cite_note-436">[436]</a><a href="#cite_note-437">[437]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Moorhead,_Minnesota" title="Moorhead, Minnesota">Moorhead</a> in April 2020, a man was arrested for coughing on two grocery store employees while blaming racial minorities for COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-438">[438]</a> In September 2020, the words "China virus" were burned onto the front yard of an <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Minnesota" title="Austin, Minnesota">Austin</a> man of Chinese heritage.<a href="#cite_note-439">[439]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Missouri">Missouri</h4></div> In <a href="/wiki/Eureka,_Missouri" title="Eureka, Missouri">Eureka, Missouri</a>, a restaurant displayed a racist coronavirus-shaped <a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1ata" title="Piñata">piñata</a>, which featured an Asian caricature wearing a <a href="/wiki/Conical_hat" class="mw-redirect" title="Conical hat">conical hat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fu_Manchu_mustache" class="mw-redirect" title="Fu Manchu mustache">Fu Manchu mustache</a>.<a href="#cite_note-440">[440]</a> These piñatas circulated in parts of Mexico and the U.S. in March 2020.<a href="#cite_note-441">[441]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nebraska">Nebraska</h4></div> <a href="/wiki/Leirion_Gaylor_Baird" title="Leirion Gaylor Baird">Leirion Gaylor Baird</a>, the Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln, Nebraska</a>, said there are racial and ethnic disparities in the city.<a href="#cite_note-442">[442]</a> There were also an increase of hateful and racist incidents toward Asian Americans. This also includes outright racist acts, very aggressive behavior, a lot of staring and remarks to neighbors about staying away from people. One staff member of the Asian Community and Cultural center of Lincoln recalled that a random person came up to sneeze in her face and went away to laugh with their family.<a href="#cite_note-443">[443]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Jersey">New Jersey</h4></div> On 26 March 2020, Governor <a href="/wiki/Phil_Murphy" title="Phil Murphy">Phil Murphy</a> acknowledged reports of bias incidents against <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Americans">Jewish Americans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">Korean Americans</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen County</a>, which experienced the worst outbreak in New Jersey.<a href="#cite_note-lakewood-444">[444]</a> On 4 April 2020, a group of teens in <a href="/wiki/Edison,_New_Jersey" title="Edison, New Jersey">Edison, New Jersey</a>, surrounded a 55-year-old Asian woman and yelled racial slurs about the coronavirus. One of the teenage girls then punched the woman in the back of the head.<a href="#cite_note-445">[445]</a> In August 2020, a man pleaded guilty to threatening Jews during the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-446">[446]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Mexico">New Mexico</h4></div> Racist incidents have occurred in New Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-447">[447]</a><a href="#cite_note-448">[448]</a> In March 2020, an international student at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico" title="University of New Mexico">University of New Mexico</a> was targeted with a racist prank outside his dormitory room covered in plastic with the sign "CAUTION – KEEP OUT – QUARANTINE". An Asian American advocacy group was also harassed and was told to "go back where you came from."<a href="#cite_note-449">[449]</a> Vandals spray-painted "Trucha with the coronavirus" at the Asian Noodle Bar restaurant in <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a>.<a href="#cite_note-450">[450]</a> It was reported on April that a Vietnamese community member was attacked at <a href="/wiki/Costco" title="Costco">Costco</a> in Albuquerque. An Asian American woman said people harass and use racial slurs at her whenever she goes out and claimed another woman even tried to run her over with a car. She said, "I've been told I don't belong here, I've been told I should go back to China and die there and leave Americans alone."<a href="#cite_note-451">[451]</a> On 29 April 2021, a Florida resident walked into a <a href="/wiki/Massage" title="Massage">massage therapy</a> establishment without a mask on in violation of both state and business requirements, yelled racial slurs at the Asian American female employee, refused to wear a mask when ask by staff to put on a mask, assaulted her while calling her the "Chinese virus" and used other racial slurs, and continued until police arrived. Police charged the attacker with misdemeanor counts of <a href="/wiki/Battery_(crime)" title="Battery (crime)">aggravated battery</a> and leaving painful temporary disfigurement while investigating felony crime and hate crime charges.<a href="#cite_note-452">[452]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_York">New York</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC,_anti-xenophobia_poster_amid_coronavirus_pandemic,_Canal_St,_6_Line--.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/NYC%2C_anti-xenophobia_poster_amid_coronavirus_pandemic%2C_Canal_St%2C_6_Line--.jpg/220px-NYC%2C_anti-xenophobia_poster_amid_coronavirus_pandemic%2C_Canal_St%2C_6_Line--.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/NYC%2C_anti-xenophobia_poster_amid_coronavirus_pandemic%2C_Canal_St%2C_6_Line--.jpg/330px-NYC%2C_anti-xenophobia_poster_amid_coronavirus_pandemic%2C_Canal_St%2C_6_Line--.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/NYC%2C_anti-xenophobia_poster_amid_coronavirus_pandemic%2C_Canal_St%2C_6_Line--.jpg/440px-NYC%2C_anti-xenophobia_poster_amid_coronavirus_pandemic%2C_Canal_St%2C_6_Line--.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4208" data-file-height="2368" /></a><figcaption>An unofficial<a href="#cite_note-poster-453">[453]</a> anti-xenophobia poster at a <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a> station amid the coronavirus pandemic</figcaption></figure> Overall during 2020, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">NYPD</a> arrested 20 suspects for committing anti-Asian hate crimes. Of the perpetrators, 55% were non-Hispanic Black, 35% were Hispanic and 10% were non-Hispanic White. 60% of the accused were male and 40% were female.<a href="#cite_note-454">[454]</a><a href="#cite_note-455">[455]</a><a href="#cite_note-456">[456]</a> The overall number of anti-Asian hate crimes registered with police had risen from three in 2019 to 28 in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-457">[457]</a> There were 129 reported hate crimes against Asian-Americans in 2021 as of 5 December, up 361% from 28 in 2020, and more than a fortyfold increase since 2019.<a href="#cite_note-458">[458]</a> In March 2020, as New York became a global hotspot, prejudicial sentiment against New Yorkers began to be reported as several states put into place regulations banning, blocking or imposing quarantines on them.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-2020-03-25-459">[459]</a><a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-2020-03-28-460">[460]</a><a href="#cite_note-wapo-2020-03-30-461">[461]</a> New York state governor <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Andrew Cuomo</a> proclaimed "We will not let New Yorkers be discriminated against" as he reprimanded Rhode Island for initiating xenophobic procedures targeting New Yorkers.<a href="#cite_note-462">[462]</a> In February 2022 a South Korean diplomat was physically attacked, prompting city councilman <a href="/wiki/Keith_Powers_(politician)" title="Keith Powers (politician)">Keith Powers</a> to issue a statement on the increase in hate crimes against the AAPI over the past year.<a href="#cite_note-463">[463]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="North_Carolina">North Carolina</h4></div> A poster for a Chinese American <a href="/wiki/Real_estate_agent" title="Real estate agent">real estate agent</a> was vandalized with racial slurs near <a href="/wiki/Pineville,_North_Carolina" title="Pineville, North Carolina">Pineville</a>, North Carolina. The real estate agent believes she was targeted because of the coronavirus.<a href="#cite_note-464">[464]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ohio">Ohio</h4></div> It was reported in February that there was suspicion and mistreatment of Asian Americans and specifically Chinese Americans in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Ohio" title="Northeast Ohio">Northeast Ohio</a>. There has been a decrease of customers of Chinese owned and/or operated businesses.<a href="#cite_note-465">[465]</a> In April 2020, a <a href="/wiki/Thai_Americans" title="Thai Americans">Thai American</a> woman was yelled at with racist insults from a driver in a red pickup truck as they both drove through <a href="/wiki/Lakewood,_Ohio" title="Lakewood, Ohio">Lakewood</a>, Ohio. The driver also said, "You're a virus and get out of America. And that's an order." Another woman reported that two young men on bikes spit on her and told her to go home and chanted "Corona, corona" in downtown <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-466">[466]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</h4></div> On 20 June 2020, in a speech in <a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a>, former President of the United States <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> used language widely considered racist when he referred to COVID-19 as "Kung Flu",<a href="#cite_note-467">[467]</a> a phrase Senior <a href="/wiki/Counselor_to_the_President" title="Counselor to the President">Counselor to the President</a> <a href="/wiki/Kellyanne_Conway" title="Kellyanne Conway">Kellyanne Conway</a> had previously described as "wrong", "highly offensive"<a href="#cite_note-468">[468]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPRRacist-469">[469]</a> and "very hurtful".<a href="#cite_note-470">[470]</a> On 22 June 2020, the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> defended Trump's use of the term.<a href="#cite_note-NPRRacist-469">[469]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oregon">Oregon</h4></div> In <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a>, a man was arrested after allegedly kicking an Asian woman who was with her son on a bus on 22 January 2021. Prosecutors say the man yelled racial slurs related to the coronavirus during the attack.<a href="#cite_note-471">[471]</a> A bar in <a href="/wiki/Medford,_Oregon" title="Medford, Oregon">Medford</a> drew backlash after the electronic billboard displayed the words "CHINA VIRUS HOURS". In response, the bar was <a href="/wiki/Review_bomb" title="Review bomb">review bombed</a> on <a href="/wiki/Yelp" title="Yelp">Yelp</a>, leading the site to disable reviews for it.<a href="#cite_note-472">[472]</a> Vandalism targeting a <a href="/wiki/Jade_District" title="Jade District">Portland district of Asian-owned businesses</a> has been suggested as being related to racism related to COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-473">[473]</a> A college student in <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Oregon" title="Salem, Oregon">Salem</a> was assaulted by two men while walking to a store. Police are investigating the incident as a possible hate crime.<a href="#cite_note-474">[474]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</h4></div> In a <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> <a href="/wiki/SEPTA" title="SEPTA">SEPTA</a> subway station in March 2020, an Asian couple was surrounded by a group and attacked.<a href="#cite_note-475">[475]</a> Harassment and attacks on Asians have included a reporter for <a href="/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer" title="The Philadelphia Inquirer">The Philadelphia Inquirer</a> who was verbally harassed several times during the same month.<a href="#cite_note-476">[476]</a> In August 2020, a woman shouted expletives at a nine-month-pregnant<a href="#cite_note-477">[477]</a> Jing Chen, 38, and her daughter, 12; sprayed water on her; then punched her in the face in Philadelphia at 13th Street and <a href="/wiki/Walnut_Street_(Philadelphia)" title="Walnut Street (Philadelphia)">Walnut Street</a>.<a href="#cite_note-used2x-478">[478]</a><a href="#cite_note-479">[479]</a> On 3 September 2020, Philadelphia's Chinese business community organized two meetings of a panel of Asian-American community leaders and organizers to emphasize how enforcing hate crime laws and <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_right" title="Constitutional right">constitutional rights</a> education reduces hate crimes against Asian Americans.<a href="#cite_note-used2x-478">[478]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Lower_Moreland_Township_School_District#Lower_Moreland_High_School" title="Lower Moreland Township School District">Lower Moreland High School</a> received criticism from students and parents after racist texts surfaced among several of its students. Among the messages was one calling for Asians to be <a href="/wiki/Stoning" title="Stoning">stoned</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">lynched</a>.<a href="#cite_note-480">[480]</a> In February 2021, a restaurant in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> received complaints after naming a macaroni and cheese dish "COVID Mac". The dish in question was made with Chinese <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili</a>.<a href="#cite_note-481">[481]</a> On 4 April 2021, at 2:00 pm a homeless man approached two women and struck one, age 27, unprovoked in Philadelphia at 11th Street and Filbert Street.<a href="#cite_note-482">[482]</a> On 6 April 2021, at 7:40 pm a man shouted, "You gave me coronavirus" at an Asian American man, 64, repeatedly bumped him then assaulted him in Philadelphia on North 10th Street. The <a href="/wiki/District_Attorney_of_Philadelphia" title="District Attorney of Philadelphia">Philadelphia District Attorney</a> charged the man with ethnic <a href="/wiki/Intimidation" title="Intimidation">intimidation</a>, terroristic threats, assault, and other related charges.<a href="#cite_note-483">[483]</a><a href="#cite_note-484">[484]</a><a href="#cite_note-485">[485]</a> On 15 April 2021, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_City_Council" title="Philadelphia City Council">Philadelphia City Council</a> passed a resolution to have the <a href="/wiki/School_District_of_Philadelphia" title="School District of Philadelphia">School District of Philadelphia</a> teach Asian American history during <a href="/wiki/Asian_Pacific_American_Heritage_Month" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Pacific American Heritage Month">Asian Pacific American Heritage Month</a> (May) to help combat anti-Asian hate.<a href="#cite_note-486">[486]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Carolina">South Carolina</h4></div> While a <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Americans" title="Taiwanese Americans">Taiwanese American</a> CNN reporter, Natasha Chen, was working on a Memorial Day weekend story in <a href="/wiki/Myrtle_Beach,_South_Carolina" title="Myrtle Beach, South Carolina">Myrtle Beach, South Carolina</a>, a man racially harassed the reporter about her mask, told her to "get out of his country" with an expletive and that she was responsible for the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-487">[487]</a><a href="#cite_note-488">[488]</a><a href="#cite_note-489">[489]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Texas">Texas</h4></div> At a <a href="/wiki/Sam%27s_Club" title="Sam's Club">Sam's Club</a> in <a href="/wiki/Midland,_Texas" title="Midland, Texas">Midland</a>, Jose Gomez, 19, stabbed two adults and two children,<a href="#cite_note-490">[490]</a> including a Sam's Club employee who attempted to stop the attack.<a href="#cite_note-491">[491]</a> The targeted victims were identified as an Asian family, specifically a <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burmese</a> father<a href="#cite_note-492">[492]</a> with a two-year-old and six-year-old. The FBI lists the case as a hate crime as the suspected indicated he stabbed the Asian family because he thought they were Chinese spreading the coronavirus.<a href="#cite_note-493">[493]</a><a href="#cite_note-494">[494]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Austin_Police_Department" title="Austin Police Department">Austin Police Department</a> officer was suspended for text messages, which according to a disciplinary memo, suggested that the recipients, who were former APD officers, would get COVID-19 from a homeless Asian man. One recipient responded with several racial slurs against Asians.<a href="#cite_note-495">[495]</a> On <a href="/wiki/April_Fools%27_Day" title="April Fools' Day">April Fools' Day</a> 2020, two students from <a href="/wiki/Angelo_State_University" title="Angelo State University">Angelo State University</a>, Michael Luna and Shane Stumpf, placed several coronavirus warning posters on an international Korean student's dormitory door as a racist prank. When confronted, they fought and then Stumpf pulled out his gun on the Korean student. According to a reporter for the Korean newspaper <a href="/wiki/Joins.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Joins.com">Joins.com</a>, Stumpf runs a country music <a href="/wiki/YouTube_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube channel">YouTube channel</a> where he plays in front of a background with the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_battle_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate battle flag">Confederate battle flag</a>.<a href="#cite_note-496">[496]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Houston" title="Chinatown, Houston">Chinatown in Houston</a> faced a drop in customers after people falsely and maliciously spread rumors online of an outbreak of the coronavirus.<a href="#cite_note-497">[497]</a> On 14 March 2021, a <a href="/wiki/Ramen" title="Ramen">ramen</a> restaurant in <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a> was covered in racist graffiti after its owner spoke out against <a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Governor Abbot</a>'s lifting of the state mask mandate.<a href="#cite_note-498">[498]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Utah">Utah</h4></div> In March 2021, several Asian Americans in <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_County,_Utah" title="Salt Lake County, Utah">Salt Lake County</a> received threatening messages. One restaurant was sent a letter blaming Asians for the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-499">[499]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Washington">Washington</h4></div> In <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> and elsewhere in Washington State, a rise in anti-Asian racism has been blamed on coronavirus.<a href="#cite_note-500">[500]</a> On 26 March 2020, windows were shattered at Jade Garden restaurant in Seattle's <a href="/wiki/Chinatown%E2%80%93International_District,_Seattle" title="Chinatown–International District, Seattle">Chinatown–International District</a>. Total damages were estimated to be around $1,500. The business was already down 80% at beginning of March, which forced the owner to temporarily lay off 33 employees. With this addition of damages, the owner said they did not have enough money for the repairs. The owner said that the damages "weren't just a simple rock being thrown, but a deliberate attack where 'someone took the time in the middle of the night to smash the windows in hard, very forcefully, five times.'"<a href="#cite_note-nbcnews1-501">[501]</a> In late March in <a href="/wiki/Yakima,_Washington" title="Yakima, Washington">Yakima</a>, Minado Buffet had broken windows and the building was spray-painted with hate speech saying, "Take the corona back you chink." Damages would cost $1,000 according to restaurant's owner.<a href="#cite_note-nbcnews1-501">[501]</a> On 16 May, a man attacked and spat on an Asian couple in downtown Seattle, blaming them for the coronavirus pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-nbcnews1a-502">[502]</a> In February 2021 in <a href="/wiki/Renton,_Washington" title="Renton, Washington">Renton</a>, a woman was recorded calling an Asian man a chink and throwing a <a href="/wiki/Snowball" title="Snowball">snowball</a> at him.<a href="#cite_note-503">[503]</a> On 3 April 2021, a 15-year-old was arrested in <a href="/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma</a> after a video surfaced of the juvenile attacking an Asian couple. The attack took place on 19 November 2020.<a href="#cite_note-504">[504]</a> On 26 April 2021, a <a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">Caucasian</a> man, 25, encountered two Asian American men in <a href="/wiki/Bothell,_Washington" title="Bothell, Washington">Bothell</a> (the attacker and the other men were previously unknown to each other), and unprovokedly gave the <a href="/wiki/The_finger" title="The finger">middle finger</a> to them as they exited their apartment, lunged with a <a href="/wiki/Hunting_knife" title="Hunting knife">hunting knife</a>, stabbed the victim, also 25, in the <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a>, and lunged for the other victim who escaped. He was arrested that hour, while the first victim later died.<a href="#cite_note-505">[505]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</h4></div> On 24 March 2020, a student from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wisconsin">University of Wisconsin</a> saw <a href="/wiki/Chalk" title="Chalk">chalk</a> graffiti across the street from the campus saying, "It's from China #chinesevirus".<a href="#cite_note-nbcnews1-501">[501]</a> The university later released a statement acknowledging that racism had increased towards students of East Asian and South Asian descent.<a href="#cite_note-506">[506]</a> On 12 May 2020, a 57-year-old white man was arrested at a grocery store in <a href="/wiki/Stevens_Point,_Wisconsin" title="Stevens Point, Wisconsin">Stevens Point</a> for harassing, with racial slurs, <a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a> shoppers wearing masks.<a href="#cite_note-507">[507]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oceania">Oceania</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3></div> On 26 January 2020, two <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch">Murdoch</a> <a href="/wiki/News_Corp_Australia" title="News Corp Australia">News Corp</a> <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">tabloids</a> ran controversial headlines, the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> <a href="/wiki/Herald_Sun" title="Herald Sun">Herald Sun</a>'s headline read, "Chinese virus pandamonium", a misspelling of "pandemonium" and alluding to China's native <a href="/wiki/Panda" class="mw-redirect" title="Panda">pandas</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph_(Sydney)" title="The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)">The Daily Telegraph</a> headline read "China kids stay home". One of the outcomes of these headlines was a petition of over 51,000 signatures in 24 hours demanding an apology and stating that these tabloids were not representative of Australians.<a href="#cite_note-:02-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-508">[508]</a> In response, the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Morning_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Morning Herald">Sydney Morning Herald</a> ran a counter-piece titled "This virus is not 'Chinese' – don't racialise it because we all have to be prepared".<a href="#cite_note-509">[509]</a> Several isolated incidents of xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic were also reported in the media. On 28 January 2020, a man collapsed and died of a suspected cardiac arrest outside of a restaurant in Sydney's Chinatown. Unconfirmed viral videos circulating on social media suggest that bystanders refused to perform CPR out of fear of the coronavirus.<a href="#cite_note-510">[510]</a> In February, it was reported that a supermarket employee had refused entry to customers of Asian appearance, claiming it was to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. A witness made a complaint that was upheld by <a href="/wiki/Woolworths_Supermarkets" title="Woolworths Supermarkets">Woolworths</a>, which confirmed that the employee had been in the wrong, apologised, and said that it was conducting a full investigation into the incident.<a href="#cite_note-511">[511]</a><a href="#cite_note-512">[512]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ravenswood_School_for_Girls" title="Ravenswood School for Girls">Ravenswood School for Girls</a>, a private school on Sydney's <a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Sydney)" title="North Shore (Sydney)">North Shore</a> reportedly asked a South Korean student to leave her dormitory – even though she had not been to China since visiting Shanghai in October 2019.<a href="#cite_note-513">[513]</a> Similarly, a Chinese-Malaysian student in <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a> found herself evicted from her shared home upon returning to Australia after visiting her home country for <a href="/wiki/Lunar_New_Year" title="Lunar New Year">Lunar New Year</a>.<a href="#cite_note-514">[514]</a> One news agency reported in February 2020 that Chinese restaurants and establishments in Sydney and Melbourne had seen a dramatic drop in business, with trade declining by more than seventy percent.<a href="#cite_note-515">[515]</a> According to an online <a href="/wiki/Ipsos_MORI" title="Ipsos MORI">Ipsos MORI</a> poll conducted in February 2020, 23% of Australian respondents would consider in the future avoiding people of Chinese origin to protect themselves from coronavirus.<a href="#cite_note-:10-98">[98]</a> During the early months of the pandemic there was an increased number of isolated reports where members of the Chinese-Australian and Asian-Australian communities were subjected to verbal vitriol and racist slurs.<a href="#cite_note-516">[516]</a><a href="#cite_note-517">[517]</a> On 20 March 2020, a student wearing a mask in <a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a>, Tasmania was told, "you've got the virus" and "go back to your country" before being punched, leaving him with a bruised eye and broken glasses. The motivation for the attack was partly attributed to the cultural differences between Eastern and Western cultures in wearing masks. However, the attacker was already known to police and was jailed after pleading guilty to common assault.<a href="#cite_note-518">[518]</a> In October 2020, a Chinese restaurant in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> reportedly received a letter telling the owners to "go back to Wuhan" and calling Chinese people "bloody bird and animal shit eating".<a href="#cite_note-519">[519]</a> 84.5% of Asian-Australians experienced at least one instance of discrimination between January and October 2020, according to a survey.<a href="#cite_note-520">[520]</a> In March 2021, it was reported that a pregnant Asian-Australian couple, while waiting for a pregnancy scan in south Perth, was at the receiving end of racial slurs and abuse. A woman allegedly told the couple to "piss off back to China" as well as other slurs. The Asian-Australian man responded by saying, "Don't tell me to get out of my own country ... You just told me to get out of my own country, go back to where I come from ... I was born here, mate." The incident was recorded on camera and posted online. The couple said they were "heartened" by the supportive responses they had received after the video was posted and had over 250,000 views.<a href="#cite_note-521">[521]</a> The COVID-19 Racism Incident Report Survey 2021, conducted by the Asian Australian Alliance revealed that 52% of those who had faced COVID-19-related racism were of Chinese descent, followed by Vietnamese (8%), Malaysian (8%), Korean (7%), Singaporean (3%), Filipino (3%) and Indian (2%) descent. The survey noted that COVID-19-related racism had affected those of East Asian, Southeast Asian and South Asian descent and other migrant backgrounds, with blame being pushed on different communities as times goes on.<a href="#cite_note-522">[522]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fiji">Fiji</h3></div> On 5 February 2020, Fiji's state-owned broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Fijian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Fijian Broadcasting Corporation">Fijian Broadcasting Corporation</a> (FBC) reported that a local Chinese resident had been berated publicly at a bus station by a man claiming that the victim had COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-523">[523]</a> An opposition Fijian member of parliament <a href="/wiki/Mitieli_Bulanauca" title="Mitieli Bulanauca">Mitieli Bulanauca</a> mentioned that COVID-19 has been spread by evil forces to assist China and they were responsible for the crisis, which is being assisted by satanic forces. Bulanauca also claimed that the World Health Organization (WHO) had sided with China over the poor handling of the COVID-19 outbreak. The Chinese Embassy in Fiji condemned claims made by Bulanauca saying that it is shocked and disappointed as his remarks are not factual and were taken from fake social media pages.<a href="#cite_note-524">[524]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3></div> MP <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Huo" title="Raymond Huo">Raymond Huo</a> said there were racial abuse incidents in the country's Chinese community. An online petition to prevent people from China from entering the country was signed by more than 18,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-525">[525]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Region" title="Canterbury Region">Canterbury</a>, an email was sent to a Chinese-origin student's parent, which reportedly said, "our <a href="/wiki/Kiwi_(nickname)" title="Kiwi (nickname)">Kiwi</a> kids don't want to be in the same class with your disgusting virus spreaders."<a href="#cite_note-526">[526]</a> Mayor of Auckland <a href="/wiki/Phil_Goff" title="Phil Goff">Phil Goff</a> said he was "sickened" by the reports of Asian-origin people being racially targeted at swimming pools, public transport and restaurants.<a href="#cite_note-527">[527]</a> There were reports of incidents of violent assaults against New Zealanders of Korean descent. In February 2021, the Chinese consulate in Auckland was affected by a phony <a href="/wiki/Bomb_threat" title="Bomb threat">bomb threat</a> made on an events website Aucklife that was hacked. The motive was reportedly a punitive response against China for allegedly causing the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-528">[528]</a><a href="#cite_note-529">[529]</a> Indigenous <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> reported high levels of discrimination throughout the pandemic, potentially due to "iwi checkpoints" in which tribal authorities set up COVID-19 safety checkpoints to discourage non-essential travelers from visiting predominantly Māori lands.<a href="#cite_note-530">[530]</a><a href="#cite_note-531">[531]</a> Following a <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta variant</a> community outbreak in mid–August 2021, several congregants of the predominantly <a href="/wiki/Samoan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoan people">Samoan</a> "Samoan Assemblies of God Mangere" church received racist abuse after their church was linked to 58 cases in the outbreak. Auckland councillor <a href="/wiki/Efeso_Collins" title="Efeso Collins">Efeso Collins</a> claimed there was a racist double standard towards the <a href="/wiki/Pasifika_New_Zealanders" title="Pasifika New Zealanders">Pasifika</a> community. Many[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>] pointed to the irony that Pasifika people have extremely high <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand">vaccination rates</a>, but were portrayed as "virus-spreaders".<a href="#cite_note-532">[532]</a><a href="#cite_note-533">[533]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(New_Zealand)" title="Ministry of Health (New Zealand)">Ministry of Health</a> condemned racism against the Pasifika community.<a href="#cite_note-534">[534]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="South_America">South America</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argentina">Argentina</h3></div> On 26 February 2020, an incident involving a fight was reported in <a href="/wiki/La_Plata" title="La Plata">La Plata</a> between a Chinese supermarket owner and an <a href="/wiki/Argentines" title="Argentines">Argentine</a> delivery man. The fight was triggered because the delivery man said "¿Qué hacés, coronavirus?" ("What's up, coronavirus?"), making a joke about Chinese people and the coronavirus. Both men ended up injured and the police later had to intervene.<a href="#cite_note-535">[535]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bolivia">Bolivia</h3></div> Local authorities quarantined three Japanese nationals despite them having no coronavirus-related symptoms.<a href="#cite_note-:8-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3></div> Brazil's Education Minister, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Weintraub" title="Abraham Weintraub">Abraham Weintraub</a>, tweeted an anti-Chinese slur on 4 April 2020. He insinuated that China was responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic and that it was part of its "plan for world domination". In the original <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, his tweet substituted the letter "r" with capital "L" – "BLazil" instead of "Brazil", for example – in a style commonly used to mock a <a href="/wiki/Chinglish" title="Chinglish">Chinese accent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-536">[536]</a> On 16 April 2020, a judge ruled in favor of tribes in the <a href="/wiki/Vale_do_Javari" title="Vale do Javari">Javari Valley</a> and barred the evangelical Christian group <a href="/wiki/Ethnos360" title="Ethnos360">New Tribes Mission of Brazil</a> from entering the area. The group UNIVAJA, which unites some of these tribes, released a statement identifying themselves as "survivors of previous genocidal plagues" and accusing the missionaries of "physically expos[ing] us to a lethal virus". Two months earlier, President Bolsonaro had selected a former missionary from New Tribes to head the government agency responsible for protecting these tribes.<a href="#cite_note-537">[537]</a> According to Brazilian journalist Gabriel Leão, <a href="/wiki/Asian_Brazilians" title="Asian Brazilians">Asian Brazilians</a> have not been impacted as much by racism and discrimination as other Asian communities in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly those in the United States, United Kingdom, and other European countries. However, Leão expressed concern that anti-Asian sentiment will increase in Brazil as well, because of how Brazil's president <a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a> tried to use the pandemic as an opportunity to attack China, similar to Donald Trump. In early 2020, Bolsonaro reportedly became convinced that COVID-19 was "part of a Chinese government scheme to expand its global power". According to Leão, there have already been reports of Brazilians of Asian descent suffering from pandemic-related harassment, for example, being told to "go back to their country" or being accused of "spreading the virus". He himself has heard strangers in Brazil casually curse the "Chinese virus".<a href="#cite_note-538">[538]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Brazilians" title="Chinese Brazilians">Chinese Brazilians</a> in particular have been dealing with increased occurrences of discrimination in 2020, for example being told to "go back to China", "watch out for sellers", or to "get out, Chinese". One Chinese Brazilian in particular was told "Put the fucking mask on, you piece of shit. These pests come to our country to kill us. Go back to your country, you animal" when he tried to take off his mask to drink water at a clinic in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a> at the end of 2020.<a href="#cite_note-539">[539]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Responses">Responses</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Stop_Asian_Hate" title="Stop Asian Hate">Stop Asian Hate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_East_Asians_in_the_United_States" title="Stereotypes of East Asians in the United States">Stereotypes of East Asians in the United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Model_Minority" class="mw-redirect" title="Model Minority">Model Minority</a></div> Canadian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> condemned racism against <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Canadians" title="Chinese Canadians">Chinese Canadians</a> while attending a Lunar New Year festival in Toronto on 29 January 2020.<a href="#cite_note-540">[540]</a> Likewise, <a href="/wiki/John_Tory" title="John Tory">John Tory</a>, the Mayor of Toronto, denounced xenophobia toward Chinese Canadians, amid reports of increasing stigma facing that community.<a href="#cite_note-541">[541]</a><a href="#cite_note-542">[542]</a> On 30 January 2020, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>'s Emergency Committee issued a statement advising all countries to be mindful of the "principles of Article 3 of the IHR (the <a href="/wiki/International_Health_Regulations" title="International Health Regulations">International Health Regulations</a>)", which the WHO says is a caution against "actions that promote stigma or discrimination", when conducting national response measures to the outbreak.<a href="#cite_note-543">[543]</a> In response to the heightened outbreak of the virus in Italy, which caused the Chinese community to shut down businesses due to racist attacks, President <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Sergio Mattarella</a> made a surprise visit on 6 February 2020 to a primary school in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> where nearly half the pupils are Chinese, saying "Friendship and peace are fundamental and you know it."<a href="#cite_note-544">[544]</a><a href="#cite_note-545">[545]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Online_petition" title="Online petition">online petition</a> titled "We zijn geen virussen!" ("We are not viruses!" in English) was started in the Netherlands on 8 February 2020 in protest of racism against Dutch Chinese and others of Asian descent, which garnered over 13,600 signatures on its first day and had been signed more than 57,600 times by the end of the month.<a href="#cite_note-546">[546]</a> On 27 February 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">High Commissioner for Human Rights</a> <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Bachelet" title="Michelle Bachelet">Michelle Bachelet</a> called for solidarity with people of ethnic Asian origin subject to such discrimination.<a href="#cite_note-547">[547]</a> On 14 March 2020, more than two hundred civil rights groups in the United States demanded that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> leadership publicly denounce the growing amount of anti-Asian racism related to the pandemic and take "tangible steps to counter the hysteria" around the coronavirus, offering the passage of a joint resolution denouncing the racism and xenophobia as one solution.<a href="#cite_note-548">[548]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stop_AAPI_Hate" title="Stop AAPI Hate">Stop AAPI Hate</a>, a joint project of Asian Pacific Policy and Planning Council, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_for_Affirmative_Action" title="Chinese for Affirmative Action">Chinese for Affirmative Action</a>, San Francisco State University's Asian American Studies Department, launched a website on 20 March 2020, encouraging the reporting of coronavirus-related harassment, discrimination, and bigotry.<a href="#cite_note-549">[549]</a><a href="#cite_note-rkc2-399">[399]</a><a href="#cite_note-550">[550]</a> In the United States, The <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a>, the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> and former <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential candidates">2020 U.S. Democratic presidential candidate</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Yang" title="Andrew Yang">Andrew Yang</a> have also pointed out that the virus has led to increased incidents of <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-551">[551]</a><a href="#cite_note-552">[552]</a> <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_New_York" title="Attorney General of New York">New York Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Letitia_James" title="Letitia James">Letitia James</a> launched a hotline for New Yorkers to report hate crimes and discrimination amid the coronavirus outbreak.<a href="#cite_note-553">[553]</a> In response to the scandal surrounding anti-African discrimination, provincial authorities in the Chinese province of <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> set up a hotline for foreign nationals and laid out measures discouraging businesses and rental houses in Guangzhou from refusing people based on race or nationality.<a href="#cite_note-554">[554]</a><a href="#cite_note-555">[555]</a> In response to the rising discrimination against Asian Americans, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> movement condemned the racism against Asian-Americans via Twitter.<a href="#cite_note-556">[556]</a> In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Red_Hong_Yi" title="Red Hong Yi">Red Hong Yi</a> (also referred to as 'Red'), a Malaysian artist, created and released a series of 10 artworks via her Instagram page titled "#IAMNOTAVIRUS" that depicted portraits of numerous Asian personalities out of foodstuff such as matcha leaves that she found in her house during lockdown.<a href="#cite_note-557">[557]</a> Acting as a response to anti-Asian hate crimes that heightened during the Coronavirus pandemic, she described the importance of "standing up for everyone no matter their skin colour."<a href="#cite_note-558">[558]</a> In June 2021, the City Council of <a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Colorado" title="Aurora, Colorado">Aurora, Colorado</a>, agreed to utilize city funds to supply Asian residents with safety kits and provide AAPI (<a href="/wiki/Asian_American_Pacific_Islander" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American Pacific Islander">Asian American Pacific Islander</a>) training for Aurora police officers. This comes amidst a recent city council decision to reject a <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Peace" title="Statue of Peace">Statue of Peace</a> proposal in Aurora. In response to the statue proposal being defeated, city staff wrote in a letter that "The memorials have attracted a wide-range of community response including peaceful and antagonistic free speech events, vandalism, <a href="/wiki/Stop_Asian_Hate" title="Stop Asian Hate">Asian hate</a>, and legal action requesting removal," and that "based on this information the Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Department believes the memorial placement on city-owned property is not a compatible use."<a href="#cite_note-559">[559]</a> On 8 September 2021, research published by <a href="/wiki/Mandiant" title="Mandiant">Mandiant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> found that a network of thousands of fake social media accounts across dozens of social media platforms, including Facebook, Twitter and YouTube, were linked to the Chinese government and were attempting to draw protests in the United States against anti-Asian-American sentiment and against <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation#Wuhan_lab_origin" title="COVID-19 misinformation">allegations that China engineered</a> <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a>, the virus that causes <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>.<a href="#cite_note-560">[560]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinophobia">Anti-Chinese sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Anti-Filipino sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Anti-Japanese sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Anti-Indian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Anti-Italianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Anti-Korean sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">Anti-Russian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Anti-Thai sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Anti-Vietnamese sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiziganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiziganism">Antiziganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_racism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber racism">Cyber racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Peril" title="Yellow Peril">Yellow Peril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1817%E2%80%931824_cholera_pandemic" title="1817–1824 cholera pandemic">1817–1824 cholera pandemic</a>, a pandemic that also resulted in anti-Asian sentiment, especially towards Indian people and culture, and resulted in cholera's association with Asia</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved 6 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ming+Pao&rft.atitle=%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E5%9A%B4%E5%B3%BB+%E5%A4%9A%E7%9C%81%E5%9C%8D%E5%A0%B5%E9%A9%85%E8%B6%95%E6%AD%A6%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%BA+%E6%AD%A6%E6%BC%A2%E7%B6%B2%E6%B0%91%E6%8A%95%E8%A8%B4%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%BA%E6%8B%92%E5%90%8C%E6%A9%9F+%E5%A4%AE%E8%A6%96%E7%B1%B2%E5%8B%BF%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96+%E2%80%93+20200129+%E2%80%93+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.mingpao.com%2Fpns%2F%25e4%25b8%25ad%25e5%259c%258b%2Farticle%2F20200129%2Fs00013%2F1580236195061%2F%25e7%2596%25ab%25e6%2583%2585%25e5%259a%25b4%25e5%25b3%25bb-%25e5%25a4%259a%25e7%259c%2581%25e5%259c%258d%25e5%25a0%25b5%25e9%25a9%2585%25e8%25b6%2595%25e6%25ad%25a6%25e6%25bc%25a2%25e4%25ba%25ba-%25e6%25ad%25a6%25e6%25bc%25a2%25e7%25b6%25b2%25e6%25b0%2591%25e6%258a%2595%25e8%25a8%25b4%25e4%25b8%258a%25e6%25b5%25b7%25e4%25ba%25ba%25e6%258b%2592%25e5%2590%258c%25e6%25a9%259f-%25e5%25a4%25ae%25e8%25a6%2596%25e7%25b1%25b2%25e5%258b%25bf%25e6%25ad%25a7%25e8%25a6%2596&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldjournal.com/6768878/article-%e9%bc%93%e5%8b%b5%e8%88%89%e5%a0%b1%e6%b9%96%e5%8c%97%e4%ba%ba-%e5%bb%a3%e6%9d%b1%e9%80%99%e5%80%8b%e9%8e%ae%e6%87%b8%e8%b3%9e30%e5%80%8b%e5%8f%a3%e7%bd%a9/"><bdi lang="zh">鼓勵舉報湖北人廣東這個鎮懸賞30個口罩</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Journal" title="World Journal">World Journal</a> (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 5 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200227055450/https://www.worldjournal.com/6768878/article-%e9%bc%93%e5%8b%b5%e8%88%89%e5%a0%b1%e6%b9%96%e5%8c%97%e4%ba%ba-%e5%bb%a3%e6%9d%b1%e9%80%99%e5%80%8b%e9%8e%ae%e6%87%b8%e8%b3%9e30%e5%80%8b%e5%8f%a3%e7%bd%a9/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 11 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Journal&rft.atitle=%E9%BC%93%E5%8B%B5%E8%88%89%E5%A0%B1%E6%B9%96%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%BA+%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1%E9%80%99%E5%80%8B%E9%8E%AE%E6%87%B8%E8%B3%9E30%E5%80%8B%E5%8F%A3%E7%BD%A9&rft.date=2020-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldjournal.com%2F6768878%2Farticle-%25e9%25bc%2593%25e5%258b%25b5%25e8%2588%2589%25e5%25a0%25b1%25e6%25b9%2596%25e5%258c%2597%25e4%25ba%25ba-%25e5%25bb%25a3%25e6%259d%25b1%25e9%2580%2599%25e5%2580%258b%25e9%258e%25ae%25e6%2587%25b8%25e8%25b3%259e30%25e5%2580%258b%25e5%258f%25a3%25e7%25bd%25a9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldjournal.com/6754743/article-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%BA%E6%8B%92%E8%88%87%E7%99%BC%E7%87%92%E6%AD%A6%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8C%E6%A9%9F-%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E6%80%92%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E5%90%8C%E8%83%9E%E5%97%8E%EF%BC%9F/"><bdi lang="zh">上海人拒與發燒武漢人同機旅客怒: 不是同胞嗎?</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Journal" title="World Journal">World Journal</a> (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 27 January 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200227055456/https://www.worldjournal.com/6754743/article-%e4%b8%8a%e6%b5%b7%e4%ba%ba%e6%8b%92%e8%88%87%e7%99%bc%e7%87%92%e6%ad%a6%e6%bc%a2%e4%ba%ba%e5%90%8c%e6%a9%9f-%e6%97%85%e5%ae%a2%e6%80%92%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%8d%e6%98%af%e5%90%8c%e8%83%9e%e5%97%8e%ef%bc%9f/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 11 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Journal&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%BA%E6%8B%92%E8%88%87%E7%99%BC%E7%87%92%E6%AD%A6%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8C%E6%A9%9F+%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E6%80%92%3A+%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E5%90%8C%E8%83%9E%E5%97%8E%3F&rft.date=2020-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldjournal.com%2F6754743%2Farticle-%25E4%25B8%258A%25E6%25B5%25B7%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E6%258B%2592%25E8%2588%2587%25E7%2599%25BC%25E7%2587%2592%25E6%25AD%25A6%25E6%25BC%25A2%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E5%2590%258C%25E6%25A9%259F-%25E6%2597%2585%25E5%25AE%25A2%25E6%2580%2592%25EF%25BC%259A%25E4%25B8%258D%25E6%2598%25AF%25E5%2590%258C%25E8%2583%259E%25E5%2597%258E%25EF%25BC%259F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3050804"><bdi lang="zh">武漢肺炎》上海人拒同機武漢人嗆「沒同胞愛」反遭中網友罵爆</bdi></a>. Liberty Times (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 28 January 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200227055435/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3050804">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 11 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liberty+Times&rft.atitle=%E6%AD%A6%E6%BC%A2%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%BA%E6%8B%92%E5%90%8C%E6%A9%9F+%E6%AD%A6%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%BA%E5%97%86%E3%80%8C%E6%B2%92%E5%90%8C%E8%83%9E%E6%84%9B%E3%80%8D%E5%8F%8D%E9%81%AD%E4%B8%AD%E7%B6%B2%E5%8F%8B%E7%BD%B5%E7%88%86&rft.date=2020-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.ltn.com.tw%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fbreakingnews%2F3050804&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.co.uk/health/sheffield-teacher-faces-xenophobia-china-over-coronavirus-2516265">"Sheffield teacher faces xenophobia in China over coronavirus"</a>. thestar.co.uk. 24 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200401041012/https://www.thestar.co.uk/health/sheffield-teacher-faces-xenophobia-china-over-coronavirus-2516265">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thestar.co.uk&rft.atitle=Sheffield+teacher+faces+xenophobia+in+China+over+coronavirus&rft.date=2020-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.co.uk%2Fhealth%2Fsheffield-teacher-faces-xenophobia-china-over-coronavirus-2516265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-stay-away-from-here-in-china-foreigners-have-become-a-target-for/">"'Stay away from here': In China, foreigners have become a target for coronavirus discrimination"</a>. The Globe and Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200511154859/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-stay-away-from-here-in-china-foreigners-have-become-a-target-for/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=%27Stay+away+from+here%27%3A+In+China%2C+foreigners+have+become+a+target+for+coronavirus+discrimination&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fworld%2Farticle-stay-away-from-here-in-china-foreigners-have-become-a-target-for%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/35c8fb72-ab36-4df7-8d38-68aa02b767e4">"Expats face hostility after second wave of virus cases hits China and Hong Kong"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200331091516/https://www.ft.com/content/35c8fb72-ab36-4df7-8d38-68aa02b767e4">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Expats+face+hostility+after+second+wave+of+virus+cases+hits+China+and+Hong+Kong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F35c8fb72-ab36-4df7-8d38-68aa02b767e4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-27/fearing-next-wave-china-doesn-t-want-its-diaspora-coming-back">"Fearing Next Wave, China Doesn't Want Its Diaspora Coming Back"</a>. Bloomberg News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200328194216/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-27/fearing-next-wave-china-doesn-t-want-its-diaspora-coming-back">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=Fearing+Next+Wave%2C+China+Doesn%27t+Want+Its+Diaspora+Coming+Back&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2020-03-27%2Ffearing-next-wave-china-doesn-t-want-its-diaspora-coming-back&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYan2020" class="citation news cs1">Yan S (27 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/27/foreigners-face-discrimination-china-coronavirus-fears-visas/">"Foreigners face discrimination in China over coronavirus fears as visas cancelled for non-Chinese"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200428235846/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/27/foreigners-face-discrimination-china-coronavirus-fears-visas/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2020. 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Retrieved 28 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=As+Coronavirus+Spreads%2C+So+Does+Anti-Chinese+Sentiment&rft.date=2020-01-30&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Motoko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F01%2F30%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fcoronavirus-chinese-racism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> Cited in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShimizu2020" class="citation journal cs1">Shimizu K (February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7133552">"2019-nCoV, fake news, and racism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a>. 395 (10225): 685–686. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2820%2930357-3">10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30357-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7133552">7133552</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32059801">32059801</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet&rft.atitle=2019-nCoV%2C+fake+news%2C+and+racism&rft.volume=395&rft.issue=10225&rft.pages=685-686&rft.date=2020-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7133552%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32059801&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2820%2930357-3&rft.aulast=Shimizu&rft.aufirst=Kazuki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7133552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/world/fear-in-the-age-of-coronavirus-chinese-no-longer-welcome">"Fear in the age of coronavirus: Chinese no longer welcome"</a>. The Straits Times. 30 January 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200202235927/https://www.straitstimes.com/world/fear-in-the-age-of-coronavirus-chinese-no-longer-welcome">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Fear+in+the+age+of+coronavirus%3A+Chinese+no+longer+welcome&rft.date=2020-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fworld%2Ffear-in-the-age-of-coronavirus-chinese-no-longer-welcome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/wuhan-virus-japanese-shops-no-chinese-allowed-sign-provokes-netizens-to-call-for">"Wuhan virus: Japanese shop's 'No Chinese allowed' sign provokes netizens to call for boycott"</a>. The Straits Times. 22 January 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200203073659/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/wuhan-virus-japanese-shops-no-chinese-allowed-sign-provokes-netizens-to-call-for">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Wuhan+virus%3A+Japanese+shop%27s+%27No+Chinese+allowed%27+sign+provokes+netizens+to+call+for+boycott&rft.date=2020-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Feast-asia%2Fwuhan-virus-japanese-shops-no-chinese-allowed-sign-provokes-netizens-to-call-for&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_98-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_98-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipsos.com/ipsos-mori/en-uk/covid-19-one-seven-people-would-avoid-people-chinese-origin-or-appearance">"Covid-19 – One in seven people would avoid people of Chinese origin or appearance"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ipsos+MORI&rft.atitle=Covid-19+%E2%80%93+One+in+seven+people+would+avoid+people+of+Chinese+origin+or+appearance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipsos.com%2Fipsos-mori%2Fen-uk%2Fcovid-19-one-seven-people-would-avoid-people-chinese-origin-or-appearance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/tokyo-ramen-restaurant-wont-allow-foreigners-because-of-1841805078">"Tokyo Ramen Restaurant Won't Allow Foreigners Because Of Coronavirus"</a>. 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Retrieved 22 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tokyo+Ramen+Restaurant+Won%27t+Allow+Foreigners+Because+Of+Coronavirus&rft.pub=Kotaku.com&rft.date=2020-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2Ftokyo-ramen-restaurant-wont-allow-foreigners-because-of-1841805078&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-harborbusinessonline20200413-100"><a href="#cite_ref-harborbusinessonline20200413_100-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF小高麻衣子2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">小高麻衣子 (13 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hbol.jp/pc/216723/">"無差別のコロナと差別的な人間、新型コロナ経済対策に垣間見える国家主義の台頭"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=HARBOR_BUSINESS_Online&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HARBOR BUSINESS Online (page does not exist)">HARBOR BUSINESS Online</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/HARBOR_BUSINESS_Online" class="extiw" title="ja:HARBOR BUSINESS Online">ja</a>] (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Fusosha_Publishing" title="Fusosha Publishing">Fusosha Publishing</a>. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210824124344/https://hbol.jp/pc/216723/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HARBOR+BUSINESS+Online%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint%22+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B+font-style%3A+normal%3B+%22%3E+%26%2391%3Bja%26%2393%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.atitle=%E7%84%A1%E5%B7%AE%E5%88%A5%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8A%E3%81%A8%E5%B7%AE%E5%88%A5%E7%9A%84%E3%81%AA%E4%BA%BA%E9%96%93%E3%80%81%E6%96%B0%E5%9E%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8A%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E5%AF%BE%E7%AD%96%E3%81%AB%E5%9E%A3%E9%96%93%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E3%81%AE%E5%8F%B0%E9%A0%AD&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2020-04-13&rft.au=%E5%B0%8F%E9%AB%98%E9%BA%BB%E8%A1%A3%E5%AD%90&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhbol.jp%2Fpc%2F216723%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alghad.com/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8/"><bdi lang="ar">كوري يقول إنه تعرض للضرب في الأردن بسبب كورونا والأمن يحقق</bdi></a>. alghad.com (in Arabic). 4 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210702200527/https://alghad.com/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alghad.com&rft.atitle=%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A+%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%87+%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8+%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%82&rft.date=2020-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falghad.com%2F%25D9%2583%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A-%25D9%258A%25D9%2582%25D9%2588%25D9%2584-%25D8%25A5%25D9%2586%25D9%2587-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B6-%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25B6%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8-%25D9%2581%25D9%258A-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skynewsarabia.com/program/menassat/1325765-%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%94%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8-%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7"><bdi lang="ar">كوري في الأردن يشكو العنصرية بسبب كورونا</bdi></a>. Sky News Arabia (in Arabic). 4 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200328154705/https://www.skynewsarabia.com/program/menassat/1325765-%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%94%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8-%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+News+Arabia&rft.atitle=%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86+%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8+%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7&rft.date=2020-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skynewsarabia.com%2Fprogram%2Fmenassat%2F1325765-%25D9%2583%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2594%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586-%25D9%258A%25D8%25B4%25D9%2583%25D9%2588-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D9%2586%25D8%25B5%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A8-%25D9%2583%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/violence-in-kazakhstan-turns-deadly-for-dungans/">"Violence in Kazakhstan Turns Deadly for Dungans"</a>. The Diplomat. 11 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200217125324/https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/violence-in-kazakhstan-turns-deadly-for-dungans/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=Violence+in+Kazakhstan+Turns+Deadly+for+Dungans&rft.date=2020-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2020%2F02%2Fviolence-in-kazakhstan-turns-deadly-for-dungans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/die-dozens-wounded-southern-kazakhstan-clashes-200208082514800.html">"Ten killed, dozens wounded in southern Kazakhstan clashes"</a>. 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Retrieved 12 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Buzzfeed&rft.atitle=The+World%27s+Most+Valuable+Company+Used+A+Migrant+Worker+As+A+Human+Hand+Sanitizer&rft.date=2020-03-11&rft.aulast=Rajagopalan&rft.aufirst=Megha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeednews.com%2Farticle%2Fmeghara%2Fcoronavirus-saudi-aramco-human-hand-sanitizer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Sherbini2020" class="citation web cs1">Al Sherbini R (11 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/saudi/coronavirus-saudi-aramco-says-its-dismayed-with-human-sanitiser-1.70307723">"Coronavirus: Saudi Aramco says it's dismayed with 'human sanitiser'"</a>. 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Retrieved 12 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gulf+News&rft.atitle=Coronavirus%3A+Saudi+Aramco+says+it%27s+dismayed+with+%27human+sanitiser%27&rft.date=2020-03-11&rft.aulast=Al+Sherbini&rft.aufirst=Ramadan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fworld%2Fgulf%2Fsaudi%2Fcoronavirus-saudi-aramco-says-its-dismayed-with-human-sanitiser-1.70307723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPietsch2020" class="citation web cs1">Pietsch B (11 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-saudi-aramco-worker-human-hand-sanitizer-backlash-apology-2020-3?r=US&IR=T">"'Shocking contempt for human dignity': Saudi Aramco dressed up a migrant worker as a human hand sanitizer dispenser, and outraged people are calling the stunt racist and shameful"</a>. 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Retrieved 5 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+is+spreading.+And+so+is+anti-Chinese+sentiment+and+xenophobia.&rft.aulast=Lam&rft.aufirst=Marco+della+Cava+and+Kristin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2020%2F01%2F31%2Fcoronavirus-chinese-xenophobia-racism-misinformation%2F2860391001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurohi2020" class="citation news cs1">Kurohi R (7 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-mha-investigating-religious-teacher-for-xenophobic-racist-posts">"Coronavirus: MHA investigating religious teacher for 'xenophobic, racist' posts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200207172144/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-mha-investigating-religious-teacher-for-xenophobic-racist-posts">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Coronavirus%3A+MHA+investigating+religious+teacher+for+%27xenophobic%2C+racist%27+posts&rft.date=2020-02-07&rft.aulast=Kurohi&rft.aufirst=Rei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fsingapore%2Fcoronavirus-mha-investigating-religious-teacher-for-xenophobic-racist-posts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurohi2020" class="citation news cs1">Kurohi R (7 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/mha-muis-investigating-religious-teachers-posts">"MHA, Muis investigating religious teacher's posts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200208231847/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/mha-muis-investigating-religious-teachers-posts">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=MHA%2C+Muis+investigating+religious+teacher%27s+posts&rft.date=2020-02-07&rft.aulast=Kurohi&rft.aufirst=Rei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fsingapore%2Fmha-muis-investigating-religious-teachers-posts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/mha-wuhan-virus-shanmugam-abdul-halim-racist-remarks-12403812">"MHA to look into 'racist, xenophobic' remarks by religious teacher over coronavirus: Shanmugam"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Channel_NewsAsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel NewsAsia">Channel NewsAsia</a>. 7 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200207132230/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/mha-wuhan-virus-shanmugam-abdul-halim-racist-remarks-12403812">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=MHA+to+look+into+%27racist%2C+xenophobic%27+remarks+by+religious+teacher+over+coronavirus%3A+Shanmugam&rft.date=2020-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fnews%2Fsingapore%2Fmha-wuhan-virus-shanmugam-abdul-halim-racist-remarks-12403812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/singapore-pm-condemns-alleged-attack-woman-indian-descent-over-mask-2021-05-11/">"Singapore PM condemns alleged attack on woman of Indian descent over mask"</a>. Reuters. 11 May 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515124807/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/singapore-pm-condemns-alleged-attack-woman-indian-descent-over-mask-2021-05-11/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Singapore+PM+condemns+alleged+attack+on+woman+of+Indian+descent+over+mask&rft.date=2021-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2Fsingapore-pm-condemns-alleged-attack-woman-indian-descent-over-mask-2021-05-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathew_MathewsShamil_Zainuddin2021" class="citation web cs1">Mathew Mathews, Shamil Zainuddin (May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/commentary/covid-19-racist-remarks-racially-charged-xenophobia-1336716">"Commentary: Worries over rising COVID-19 cases are fuelling racially charged comments"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Channel_NewsAsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel NewsAsia">Channel NewsAsia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210920212048/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/commentary/covid-19-racist-remarks-racially-charged-xenophobia-1336716">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Channel+NewsAsia&rft.atitle=Commentary%3A+Worries+over+rising+COVID-19+cases+are+fuelling+racially+charged+comments&rft.date=2021-05&rft.au=Mathew+Mathews&rft.au=Shamil+Zainuddin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fcommentary%2Fcovid-19-racist-remarks-racially-charged-xenophobia-1336716&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2021/may/11/singapore-will-fail-if-it-allows-racism-xenophobia-senior-minister-k-shanmugam-warns-2301255.html">"Singapore will fail if it allows racism, xenophobia: Senior minister K Shanmugam warns"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Indian_Express" title="The New Indian Express">The New Indian Express</a>. 11 May 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210920212738/https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2021/may/11/singapore-will-fail-if-it-allows-racism-xenophobia-senior-minister-k-shanmugam-warns-2301255.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Singapore+will+fail+if+it+allows+racism%2C+xenophobia%3A+Senior+minister+K+Shanmugam+warns&rft.date=2021-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fmay%2F11%2Fsingapore-will-fail-if-it-allows-racism-xenophobia-senior-minister-k-shanmugam-warns-2301255.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/not-enough-doctors-in-daegu-as-virus-cases-rise-south-koreas-response-is-criticized-11582547600">"Not Enough Doctors in Daegu: As Virus Cases Rise, South Korea's Response Is Criticized"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. 24 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200229101452/https://www.wsj.com/articles/not-enough-doctors-in-daegu-as-virus-cases-rise-south-koreas-response-is-criticized-11582547600">Archived</a> from the original on 29 February 2020. Retrieved 29 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Not+Enough+Doctors+in+Daegu%3A+As+Virus+Cases+Rise%2C+South+Korea%27s+Response+Is+Criticized&rft.date=2020-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fnot-enough-doctors-in-daegu-as-virus-cases-rise-south-koreas-response-is-criticized-11582547600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shin28Jan2020-144"><a href="#cite_ref-Shin28Jan2020_144-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShinCha2020" class="citation news cs1">Shin H, Cha S (28 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-reaction-southkorea-idUSKBN1ZR0QJ">"South Koreans call in petition for Chinese to be barred over virus"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200131154836/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-reaction-southkorea-idUSKBN1ZR0QJ">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=South+Koreans+call+in+petition+for+Chinese+to+be+barred+over+virus&rft.date=2020-01-28&rft.aulast=Shin&rft.aufirst=Hyonhee&rft.au=Cha%2C+Sangmi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-china-health-reaction-southkorea-idUSKBN1ZR0QJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2020/03/177_285607.html">"Foreigners accuse Daegu of scapegoating them for virus spread"</a>. 4 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200305161517/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2020/03/177_285607.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foreigners+accuse+Daegu+of+scapegoating+them+for+virus+spread&rft.date=2020-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreatimes.co.kr%2Fwww%2Fnation%2F2020%2F03%2F177_285607.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-146"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_146-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFottrell" class="citation web cs1">Fottrell Q. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marketwatch.com/story/no-chinese-allowed-racism-and-fear-are-now-spreading-along-with-the-coronavirus-2020-01-29">"'No Chinese allowed': Racism and fear are now spreading along with the coronavirus"</a>. MarketWatch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200202231235/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/no-chinese-allowed-racism-and-fear-are-now-spreading-along-with-the-coronavirus-2020-01-29">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MarketWatch&rft.atitle=%27No+Chinese+allowed%27%3A+Racism+and+fear+are+now+spreading+along+with+the+coronavirus&rft.aulast=Fottrell&rft.aufirst=Quentin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketwatch.com%2Fstory%2Fno-chinese-allowed-racism-and-fear-are-now-spreading-along-with-the-coronavirus-2020-01-29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/coronavirus-brings-anti-chinese-sentiment-south-korea-200221094732254.html">"Coronavirus brings out anti-Chinese sentiment in South Korea"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200312151251/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/coronavirus-brings-anti-chinese-sentiment-south-korea-200221094732254.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2020. 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Retrieved 11 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Man+attacked%2C+accused+of+causing+coronavirus+in+Belgium&rft.date=2020-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brusselstimes.com%2Fbelgium%2F99790%2Fman-attacked-accused-of-causing-coronavirus-in-belgium%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/sramotni-ispad-navijaca-dubrovackog-kluba-vrijedali-hrvatskog-stolnotenisaca-kineskog-podrijetla-sad-ce-tata-odraditi-peti-mec-protiv-koronavirusa/9986719/">"Shameful Incident in Dubrovnik"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200218175520/https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/sramotni-ispad-navijaca-dubrovackog-kluba-vrijedali-hrvatskog-stolnotenisaca-kineskog-podrijetla-sad-ce-tata-odraditi-peti-mec-protiv-koronavirusa/9986719/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Shameful+Incident+in+Dubrovnik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jutarnji.hr%2Fvijesti%2Fhrvatska%2Fsramotni-ispad-navijaca-dubrovackog-kluba-vrijedali-hrvatskog-stolnotenisaca-kineskog-podrijetla-sad-ce-tata-odraditi-peti-mec-protiv-koronavirusa%2F9986719%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/dubrovacki-stolnoteniski-klub-libertas-marinkolor-najzesce-osudujemo-svaki-neprimjeren-komentar-kojim-se-tan-ruiwua-povezuje-s-koronavirusom/9987361/">"DUBROVAČKI STOLNOTENISKI KLUB LIBERTAS MARINKOLOR 'Najžešće osuđujemo svaki neprimjeren komentar kojim se Tan Ruiwua povezuje s koronavirusom'"</a>. Jutarnji Vijesti. 17 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200218173900/https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/dubrovacki-stolnoteniski-klub-libertas-marinkolor-najzesce-osudujemo-svaki-neprimjeren-komentar-kojim-se-tan-ruiwua-povezuje-s-koronavirusom/9987361/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jutarnji+Vijesti&rft.atitle=DUBROVA%C4%8CKI+STOLNOTENISKI+KLUB+LIBERTAS+MARINKOLOR+%27Naj%C5%BEe%C5%A1%C4%87e+osu%C4%91ujemo+svaki+neprimjeren+komentar+kojim+se+Tan+Ruiwua+povezuje+s+koronavirusom%27&rft.date=2020-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jutarnji.hr%2Fvijesti%2Fhrvatska%2Fdubrovacki-stolnoteniski-klub-libertas-marinkolor-najzesce-osudujemo-svaki-neprimjeren-komentar-kojim-se-tan-ruiwua-povezuje-s-koronavirusom%2F9987361%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFzaobao.com2020" class="citation news cs1">zaobao.com (28 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zaobao.com/realtime/china/story20200128-1024357">"丹麦报刊登"五星病毒旗"讽刺漫画中国要求公开道歉"</a> [Danish newspaper publishes "five-star virus flag" satirical cartoon, China demands public apology]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240304005931/https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/china/story20200128-1024357">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E6%8A%A5%E5%88%8A%E7%99%BB%22%E4%BA%94%E6%98%9F%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%97%97%22%E8%AE%BD%E5%88%BA%E6%BC%AB%E7%94%BB+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%80%E9%81%93%E6%AD%89&rft.date=2020-01-28&rft.au=zaobao.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zaobao.com%2Frealtime%2Fchina%2Fstory20200128-1024357&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF小山2020" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">小山 (28 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfi.fr/tw/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B/20200128-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%97%9B%E6%89%B9%E4%BA%94%E6%98%9F%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%97%97-%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E7%A8%B1%E8%A8%80%E8%AB%96%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%98%AF%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1">"中國痛批"五星病毒旗" 丹麥總理稱言論自由是傳統"</a> [Xiaoshan (2020-01-28). "China Criticizes "Five-Star Virus Flag" Danish Prime Minister Says Freedom of Speech Is Tradition".]. RFI France (in Traditional Chinese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200128224453/http://www.rfi.fr/tw/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B/20200128-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%97%9B%E6%89%B9%E4%BA%94%E6%98%9F%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%97%97-%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E7%A8%B1%E8%A8%80%E8%AB%96%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%98%AF%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RFI+France&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%97%9B%E6%89%B9%22%E4%BA%94%E6%98%9F%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%97%97%22+%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E7%A8%B1%E8%A8%80%E8%AB%96%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%98%AF%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1&rft.date=2020-01-28&rft.au=%E5%B0%8F%E5%B1%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.fr%2Ftw%2F%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259C%258B%2F20200128-%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259C%258B%25E7%2597%259B%25E6%2589%25B9%25E4%25BA%2594%25E6%2598%259F%25E7%2597%2585%25E6%25AF%2592%25E6%2597%2597-%25E4%25B8%25B9%25E9%25BA%25A5%25E7%25B8%25BD%25E7%2590%2586%25E7%25A8%25B1%25E8%25A8%2580%25E8%25AB%2596%25E8%2587%25AA%25E7%2594%25B1%25E6%2598%25AF%25E5%2582%25B3%25E7%25B5%25B1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/coronavirus_discrimination_targets_asians_in_finland/11197803">"Coronavirus discrimination targets Asians in Finland"</a>. Yle News. 7 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200208200114/https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/coronavirus_discrimination_targets_asians_in_finland/11197803">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yle+News&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+discrimination+targets+Asians+in+Finland&rft.date=2020-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyle.fi%2Fuutiset%2Fosasto%2Fnews%2Fcoronavirus_discrimination_targets_asians_in_finland%2F11197803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/finland/news-in-brief/17356-it-s-been-very-quiet-chinese-businesses-in-helsinki-count-the-cost-of-the-coronavirus.html">"Chinese businesses in Helsinki count the cost of the Coronavirus"</a>. Helsinki Times. 23 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200225184714/https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/finland/news-in-brief/17356-it-s-been-very-quiet-chinese-businesses-in-helsinki-count-the-cost-of-the-coronavirus.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Helsinki+Times&rft.atitle=Chinese+businesses+in+Helsinki+count+the+cost+of+the+Coronavirus&rft.date=2020-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.helsinkitimes.fi%2Ffinland%2Fnews-in-brief%2F17356-it-s-been-very-quiet-chinese-businesses-in-helsinki-count-the-cost-of-the-coronavirus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200306002807/https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/vu-de-letranger-en-france-le-racisme-plus-contagieux-que-le-coronavirus">"En France, le racisme plus contagieux que le coronavirus"</a>. Courrier international. 4 February 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/vu-de-letranger-en-france-le-racisme-plus-contagieux-que-le-coronavirus">the original</a> on 6 March 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Courrier+international&rft.atitle=En+France%2C+le+racisme+plus+contagieux+que+le+coronavirus&rft.date=2020-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courrierinternational.com%2Farticle%2Fvu-de-letranger-en-france-le-racisme-plus-contagieux-que-le-coronavirus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/coronavirus-asians-in-paris-rattled-by-racist-abuse/av-52319444">"Coronavirus: Asians in Paris rattled by racist abuse"</a>. Deutsche Welle. 10 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200315125116/https://www.dw.com/en/coronavirus-asians-in-paris-rattled-by-racist-abuse/av-52319444">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coronavirus%3A+Asians+in+Paris+rattled+by+racist+abuse&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft.date=2020-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fcoronavirus-asians-in-paris-rattled-by-racist-abuse%2Fav-52319444&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLam" class="citation web cs1">Lam Md. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/01/31/coronavirus-chinese-xenophobia-racism-misinformation/2860391001/">"Coronavirus is spreading. And so is anti-Chinese sentiment and xenophobia"</a>. USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200203011355/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/01/31/coronavirus-chinese-xenophobia-racism-misinformation/2860391001/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+is+spreading.+And+so+is+anti-Chinese+sentiment+and+xenophobia&rft.aulast=Lam&rft.aufirst=Marco+della+Cava+and+Kristin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2020%2F01%2F31%2Fcoronavirus-chinese-xenophobia-racism-misinformation%2F2860391001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/frances-ethnic-chinese-community-other-asians-complain">"France's Ethnic Chinese Community, Other Asians Complain of Coronavirus-Linked Discrimination"</a>. Voice of America. 31 January 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200203011355/https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/frances-ethnic-chinese-community-other-asians-complain">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France%27s+Ethnic+Chinese+Community%2C+Other+Asians+Complain+of+Coronavirus-Linked+Discrimination&rft.pub=Voice+of+America&rft.date=2020-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fscience-health%2Fcoronavirus-outbreak%2Ffrances-ethnic-chinese-community-other-asians-complain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParis2020" class="citation news cs1">Paris AG (31 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/31/spate-of-anti-chinese-incidents-in-italy-amid-coronavirus-panic">"Outbreaks of xenophobia in west as coronavirus spreads"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200131044009/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/31/spate-of-anti-chinese-incidents-in-italy-amid-coronavirus-panic">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Outbreaks+of+xenophobia+in+west+as+coronavirus+spreads&rft.date=2020-01-31&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Paris&rft.aufirst=Angela+Giuffrida+Kim+Willsher+in&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fjan%2F31%2Fspate-of-anti-chinese-incidents-in-italy-amid-coronavirus-panic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillard2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hillard H (28 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ouest-france.fr/sante/virus/virus-chinois-ce-que-l-sait-de-l-epidemie-qui-se-propage-en-chine-et-l-etranger-6710671">"Virus chinois. Ce que l'on sait de l'épidémie qui se propage en Chine et à l'étranger"</a>. Ouest-France (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200129161323/https://www.ouest-france.fr/sante/virus/virus-chinois-ce-que-l-sait-de-l-epidemie-qui-se-propage-en-chine-et-l-etranger-6710671">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ouest-France&rft.atitle=Virus+chinois.+Ce+que+l%27on+sait+de+l%27%C3%A9pid%C3%A9mie+qui+se+propage+en+Chine+et+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%A9tranger&rft.date=2020-01-28&rft.aulast=Hillard&rft.aufirst=Herv%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ouest-france.fr%2Fsante%2Fvirus%2Fvirus-chinois-ce-que-l-sait-de-l-epidemie-qui-se-propage-en-chine-et-l-etranger-6710671&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/societe/virus-chinois-cinq-minutes-pour-comprendre-l-epidemie-22-01-2020-8241759.php">"Virus chinois: cinq minutes pour comprendre l'épidémie"</a>. Le Parisien (in French). 22 January 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200226122956/http://www.leparisien.fr/societe/virus-chinois-cinq-minutes-pour-comprendre-l-epidemie-22-01-2020-8241759.php">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Parisien&rft.atitle=Virus+chinois%3A+cinq+minutes+pour+comprendre+l%27%C3%A9pid%C3%A9mie&rft.date=2020-01-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Fsociete%2Fvirus-chinois-cinq-minutes-pour-comprendre-l-epidemie-22-01-2020-8241759.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/maladie/coronavirus/coronavirus-les-asiatiques-victimes-de-discrimination-en-france_3808777.html">"Coronavirus: les Asiatiques victimes de discrimination en France"</a>. France Inter (in French). 1 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200202073706/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/maladie/coronavirus/coronavirus-les-asiatiques-victimes-de-discrimination-en-france_3808777.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+Inter&rft.atitle=Coronavirus%3A+les+Asiatiques+victimes+de+discrimination+en+France&rft.date=2020-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Fsante%2Fmaladie%2Fcoronavirus%2Fcoronavirus-les-asiatiques-victimes-de-discrimination-en-france_3808777.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-forbes22-191">^ <a href="#cite_ref-forbes22_191-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-forbes22_191-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/tamarathiessen/2020/02/11/france-in-grips-of-racism-epidemic-as-coronavirus-fans-anti-asian-hysteria/">"France In Grips Of Racism Epidemic, As Coronavirus Fans Anti-Asian Hysteria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. 11 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200227185728/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tamarathiessen/2020/02/11/france-in-grips-of-racism-epidemic-as-coronavirus-fans-anti-asian-hysteria/#9409c5152d74">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=France+In+Grips+Of+Racism+Epidemic%2C+As+Coronavirus+Fans+Anti-Asian+Hysteria&rft.date=2020-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Ftamarathiessen%2F2020%2F02%2F11%2Ffrance-in-grips-of-racism-epidemic-as-coronavirus-fans-anti-asian-hysteria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassard2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cassard J (22 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/seine-et-marne-77/coronavirus-de-jeunes-francais-d-origine-asiatique-pris-a-partie-en-seine-et-marne-02-02-2020-8250627.php">"Coronavirus: de jeunes Français d'origine asiatique pris à partie en Seine-et-Marne"</a>. Le Parisien (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200226122954/http://www.leparisien.fr/seine-et-marne-77/coronavirus-de-jeunes-francais-d-origine-asiatique-pris-a-partie-en-seine-et-marne-02-02-2020-8250627.php">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2020. 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Radio France (in French). France Inter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200204031629/https://www.franceinter.fr/le-virus-de-la-stigmatisation-anti-chinoise-s-invite-dans-les-cours-d-ecole">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2020. 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Le Monde (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200226005450/https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2020/02/07/a-paris-les-rues-du-quartier-de-belleville-se-vident-avec-la-peur-du-coronavirus_6028851_3224.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2020. 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FNN.jpプライムオンライン (in Japanese). 2 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200204163118/https://www.fnn.jp/posts/00050082HDK/202002022118_RinaeIshii_HDK">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FNN.jp%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A0%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8C%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%82%92%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AF%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E3%80%8D%E6%96%B0%E5%9E%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AB%E5%AF%BE%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E5%AF%BE%E5%BF%9C%E3%81%AF%E5%B7%AE%E5%88%A5%E3%81%8B%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B%E3%81%8B&rft.date=2020-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fnn.jp%2Fposts%2F00050082HDK%2F202002022118_RinaeIshii_HDK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/coronavirus-sprayed-on-japanese-restaurant-in-paris">"'Coronavirus' sprayed on Japanese restaurant in Paris"</a>. The Straits Times. 22 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200225033541/https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/coronavirus-sprayed-on-japanese-restaurant-in-paris">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=%27Coronavirus%27+sprayed+on+Japanese+restaurant+in+Paris&rft.date=2020-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fcoronavirus-sprayed-on-japanese-restaurant-in-paris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Coronavirus-outbreak/Anti-Asian-hate-the-new-outbreak-threatening-the-world">"Anti-Asian hate, the new outbreak threatening the world"</a>. Nikkei Asian Review. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200208083947/https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Coronavirus-outbreak/Anti-Asian-hate-the-new-outbreak-threatening-the-world">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nikkei+Asian+Review&rft.atitle=Anti-Asian+hate%2C+the+new+outbreak+threatening+the+world&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasia.nikkei.com%2FSpotlight%2FCoronavirus-outbreak%2FAnti-Asian-hate-the-new-outbreak-threatening-the-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/japanese-man-attacked-acid-paris-231524026.html">"Japanese Man Attacked With Acid in Paris, Sparks Warning to Japanese Community"</a>. Yahoo! News. 18 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210219192127/https://news.yahoo.com/japanese-man-attacked-acid-paris-231524026.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japanese+Man+Attacked+With+Acid+in+Paris%2C+Sparks+Warning+to+Japanese+Community&rft.pub=Yahoo%21+News&rft.date=2021-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fjapanese-man-attacked-acid-paris-231524026.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japantoday.com/category/crime/japanese-citizen-injured-in-paris-acid-attack">"Japanese citizen injured in Paris acid attack"</a>. Japan Today. 22 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210222170113/https://japantoday.com/category/crime/japanese-citizen-injured-in-paris-acid-attack">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japan+Today&rft.atitle=Japanese+citizen+injured+in+Paris+acid+attack&rft.date=2021-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjapantoday.com%2Fcategory%2Fcrime%2Fjapanese-citizen-injured-in-paris-acid-attack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324035320/https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/25936ac9b997c9389959d45ab3551630a7a7d1a0">"パリ在住の中村江里子、長女も電話で「日本語で話さないで」コロナ禍アジア人差別実感(デイリースポーツ)"</a>. Yahoo!ニュース (in Japanese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/25936ac9b997c9389959d45ab3551630a7a7d1a0">the original</a> on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo%21%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9&rft.atitle=%E3%83%91%E3%83%AA%E5%9C%A8%E4%BD%8F%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%91%E6%B1%9F%E9%87%8C%E5%AD%90%E3%80%81%E9%95%B7%E5%A5%B3%E3%82%82%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1%E3%81%A7%E3%80%8C%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%A7%E8%A9%B1%E3%81%95%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%A7%E3%80%8D%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8A%E7%A6%8D%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%AE%E5%88%A5%E5%AE%9F%E6%84%9F%28%E3%83%87%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.co.jp%2Farticles%2F25936ac9b997c9389959d45ab3551630a7a7d1a0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlagaBüchenbacher2020" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Plaga C, Büchenbacher K (3 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzz.ch/panorama/coronavirus-rassismus-gegen-asiaten-nzz-ld.1543322">""Es bricht mir das Herz, dass ich als Schweizerin aufgrund meines asiatischen Aussehens beleidigt werde"—wie Menschen in Zeiten des Coronavirus Diskriminierung erfahren"</a> ["It breaks my heart that as a Swiss I am being insulted because of my Asian appearance"—How people experience discrimination in times of the Coronavirus]. Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200304133659/https://www.nzz.ch/panorama/coronavirus-rassismus-gegen-asiaten-nzz-ld.1543322">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neue+Z%C3%BCrcher+Zeitung&rft.atitle=%22Es+bricht+mir+das+Herz%2C+dass+ich+als+Schweizerin+aufgrund+meines+asiatischen+Aussehens+beleidigt+werde%22%E2%80%94wie+Menschen+in+Zeiten+des+Coronavirus+Diskriminierung+erfahren&rft.date=2020-03-03&rft.aulast=Plaga&rft.aufirst=Corinne&rft.au=B%C3%BCchenbacher%2C+Katrin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzz.ch%2Fpanorama%2Fcoronavirus-rassismus-gegen-asiaten-nzz-ld.1543322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/backlash-asians-hinder-efforts-coronavirus-expert/story?id=69556008">"Backlash against Asians could hinder efforts to contain coronavirus, expert says"</a>. ABC News. 13 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200314223853/https://abcnews.go.com/US/backlash-asians-hinder-efforts-coronavirus-expert/story?id=69556008">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Backlash+against+Asians+could+hinder+efforts+to+contain+coronavirus%2C+expert+says&rft.date=2020-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2Fbacklash-asians-hinder-efforts-coronavirus-expert%2Fstory%3Fid%3D69556008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIpsos" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ipsos" title="Ipsos">Ipsos</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2020-02/ipsos-mori-coronavirus-opinion-reaction-2020.pdf">"CORONAVIRUS: OPINION AND REACTION"</a> (PDF). Ipsos MORI. p. 23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200321131419/https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2020-02/ipsos-mori-coronavirus-opinion-reaction-2020.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ipsos+MORI&rft.atitle=CORONAVIRUS%3A+OPINION+AND+REACTION&rft.pages=23&rft.au=Ipsos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipsos.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fct%2Fnews%2Fdocuments%2F2020-02%2Fipsos-mori-coronavirus-opinion-reaction-2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/index-2020-6.html">"DER SPIEGEL 6/2020 – Inhaltsverzeichnis"</a>. Der Spiegel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200206103351/https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/index-2020-6.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=DER+SPIEGEL+6%2F2020+%E2%80%93+Inhaltsverzeichnis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fspiegel%2Fprint%2Findex-2020-6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/nation-world/story/2020-02-01/fears-of-new-virus-trigger-anti-china-sentiment-worldwide">"Fears of new virus trigger anti-China sentiment worldwide"</a>. The San Diego Union-Tribune. 2 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200206233131/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/nation-world/story/2020-02-01/fears-of-new-virus-trigger-anti-china-sentiment-worldwide">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+San+Diego+Union-Tribune&rft.atitle=Fears+of+new+virus+trigger+anti-China+sentiment+worldwide&rft.date=2020-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandiegouniontribune.com%2Fnews%2Fnation-world%2Fstory%2F2020-02-01%2Ffears-of-new-virus-trigger-anti-china-sentiment-worldwide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiener2020" class="citation news cs1">Ziener M (5 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/german-and-other-european-media-fan-coronavirus-fears-and-sinophobia">"German and other European media fan coronavirus fears and sinophobia"</a>. The Straits Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200212231102/https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/german-and-other-european-media-fan-coronavirus-fears-and-sinophobia">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=German+and+other+European+media+fan+coronavirus+fears+and+sinophobia&rft.date=2020-02-05&rft.aulast=Ziener&rft.aufirst=Markus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fgerman-and-other-european-media-fan-coronavirus-fears-and-sinophobia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbb24.de/politik/beitrag/2020/02/coronavirus-chinesen-botschaft-fremdenfeindlichkeit-berlin.html">"Chinesische Botschaft sorgt sich um zunehmende Anfeindungen"</a>. Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg. 5 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200206130547/https://www.rbb24.de/politik/beitrag/2020/02/coronavirus-chinesen-botschaft-fremdenfeindlichkeit-berlin.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chinesische+Botschaft+sorgt+sich+um+zunehmende+Anfeindungen&rft.date=2020-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbb24.de%2Fpolitik%2Fbeitrag%2F2020%2F02%2Fcoronavirus-chinesen-botschaft-fremdenfeindlichkeit-berlin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/polizei-justiz/chinesin-in-berlin-rassistisch-beleidigt-zwei-frauen-gehen-auf-23-jaehrige-an-s-bahnhof-beusselstrasse-los/25498396.html">"Zwei Frauen gehen auf 23-Jährige an S-Bahnhof Beusselstraße los"</a>. Der Tagesspiel. 1 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200202153926/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/polizei-justiz/chinesin-in-berlin-rassistisch-beleidigt-zwei-frauen-gehen-auf-23-jaehrige-an-s-bahnhof-beusselstrasse-los/25498396.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Tagesspiel&rft.atitle=Zwei+Frauen+gehen+auf+23-J%C3%A4hrige+an+S-Bahnhof+Beusselstra%C3%9Fe+los&rft.date=2020-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fberlin%2Fpolizei-justiz%2Fchinesin-in-berlin-rassistisch-beleidigt-zwei-frauen-gehen-auf-23-jaehrige-an-s-bahnhof-beusselstrasse-los%2F25498396.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rp-online.de/panorama/deutschland/gabrielle-scharnitzky-schauspielerin-kuendigt-chinesin-den-untermietvertrag_aid-48886715">"Ex-"Sturm der Liebe"-Schauspielerin kündigt Untermieterin – weil sie aus China kommt"</a>. 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Retrieved 14 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rheinische+Post&rft.atitle=Ex-%22Sturm+der+Liebe%22-Schauspielerin+k%C3%BCndigt+Untermieterin+%E2%80%93+weil+sie+aus+China+kommt&rft.issue=RP+Online&rft.date=2020-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp-online.de%2Fpanorama%2Fdeutschland%2Fgabrielle-scharnitzky-schauspielerin-kuendigt-chinesin-den-untermietvertrag_aid-48886715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnd.de/promis/angst-vor-coronavirus-tv-star-gabrielle-scharnitzky-kundigt-chinesischer-mieterin-AWK4KMS6KNDR5MDI62MJY6TQKQ.html">"Angst vor Coronavirus: TV-Star Gabrielle Scharnitzky kündigt chinesischer Mieterin"</a>. 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Retrieved 3 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Has+coronavirus+prompted+rise+in+racist+incidents+across+Europe%3F&rft.date=2020-02-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Fsociety%2Farticle%2F3052961%2Fhas-coronavirus-prompted-rise-racist-incidents-across-europe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/03/01/world/italy-china-eat-live-mice/">"Italian Regional Chief Sorry for Saying Chinese Eat 'Live Mice'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Japan_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Times">Japan Times</a>. 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Retrieved 1 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Italian+Regional+Chief+Sorry+for+Saying+Chinese+Eat+%27Live+Mice%27&rft.date=2020-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2020%2F03%2F01%2Fworld%2Fitaly-china-eat-live-mice%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.torinotoday.it/cronaca/incendio-ristorante-king-martiri-rivoli-8-marzo-2020.html">"Incendio doloso al ristorante giapponese: "Ci hanno minacciati dicendoci che portiamo il virus"</a>. 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February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200227002726/https://nos.nl/l/2321252">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2020. 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Retrieved 24 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dutchnews&rft.atitle=First+Dutch+coronavirus+victim+was+in+Italy+and+celebrated+Carnaval&rft.date=2020-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dutchnews.nl%2Fnews%2F2020%2F02%2Ffirst-dutch-coronavirus-victim-was-in-italy-and-celebrated-carnaval-media%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Duin2020" class="citation web cs1">van Duin J (28 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omroepbrabant.nl/nieuws/3179536/carnaval-was-waarschijnlijk-katalysator-van-verspreiding-coronavirus-in-brabant">"Carnaval was waarschijnlijk katalysator van verspreiding coronavirus in Brabant"</a>. 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The Rocky Mountain Collegian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Rocky+Mountain+Collegian&rft.atitle=Fake+restaurant+listing+perpetuates+racism+toward+Asian+communities&rft.aulast=Vander&rft.aufirst=Abby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollegian.com%2Farticles%2Fnews%2F2020%2F07%2Fcategory-news-fake-restaurant-listing-perpetuates-racism-towards-asian-communities%2F%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-405"><a href="#cite_ref-405">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDriscoll2020" class="citation web cs1">Driscoll E (5 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://valley.newhavenindependent.org/archives/entry/update_racist_death_threats_lodged_against_seymour_restaurant/">"Update: Racist Death Threats Lodged Against Seymour Restaurant"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Valley_Independent_Sentinel" title="Valley Independent Sentinel">Valley Independent Sentinel</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200418094340/https://valley.newhavenindependent.org/archives/entry/update_racist_death_threats_lodged_against_seymour_restaurant/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2020. 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Retrieved 22 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Connecticut+Post&rft.atitle=Seymour+rallies+behind+Asian-American+restaurant+owners+after+coronavirus-motivated+threat&rft.date=2020-04-11&rft.aulast=Eng&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcoronavirus%2Farticle%2FSeymour-rallies-behind-Asian-American-restaurant-15192182.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-407"><a href="#cite_ref-407">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunne2021" class="citation web cs1">Dunne S (26 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courant.com/coronavirus/hc-news-coronavirus-connecticut-anti-asian-racism-20210225-7skl3dxpvna4phd3jebtcyb53e-story.html">"Senators push to mandate Asian American studies in Connecticut public schools amid surge of racist attacks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hartford_Courant" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hartford Courant">The Hartford Courant</a>. Retrieved 26 March 2021. <q>"Early in the pandemic we had a complaint from Stamford from an Asian American woman who had been in the country 30 years. She was at a supermarket. A supermarket checkout clerk allegedly sprayed her with Lysol, in front of everybody. It wasn't a subtle act. Not only was that deeply embarrassing, but it was an assault on her. She breathed in these noxious fumes. 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Newark Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200618055105/https://www.newarkpostonline.com/news/ud-condemns-racist-and-xenophobic-flyers-left-at-apartment-complexes-where-asian-students-live/article_f51a9f72-be66-56f9-ac4e-f8f302b46da5.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2020. 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Retrieved 30 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Teen+charged+in+%27racially+motivated%27+Sam%27s+club+stabbing&rft.pub=newswest9.com&rft.date=2020-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newswest9.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Fstabbing-at-sams-club%2F513-da08cae7-b407-491a-9c24-dcec22ee5dd3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-491"><a href="#cite_ref-491">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newswest9.com/article/news/community/sams-stabbing-stopped-by-employees-heroic-act/513-76eeecac-a09d-49a8-a87c-c7b63e8f0bf5">"Sam's stabbing stopped by employee's heroic act"</a>. newswest9.com. 15 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200327204429/https://www.newswest9.com/article/news/community/sams-stabbing-stopped-by-employees-heroic-act/513-76eeecac-a09d-49a8-a87c-c7b63e8f0bf5">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2020. 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Retrieved 26 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NY+attorney+general+launches+hotline+for+people+to+report+discrimination+related+to+coronavirus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fasian-america%2Fny-attorney-general-launches-hotline-asian-americans-report-discrimination-n1167766&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-554"><a href="#cite_ref-554">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsiedu2020" class="citation web cs1">Asiedu KG (5 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/africa/1851701/chinas-guangzhou-counters-racism-to-africans-with-new-rules/">"After its racism to Africans goes global, a Chinese province is taking anti-discrimination steps"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Quartz_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Quartz Africa">Quartz Africa</a>. Retrieved 19 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quartz+Africa&rft.atitle=After+its+racism+to+Africans+goes+global%2C+a+Chinese+province+is+taking+anti-discrimination+steps&rft.date=2020-05-05&rft.aulast=Asiedu&rft.aufirst=Kwasi+Gyamfi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2Fafrica%2F1851701%2Fchinas-guangzhou-counters-racism-to-africans-with-new-rules%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-555"><a href="#cite_ref-555">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/china-province-launches-anti-racism-push-after-outrage/article31504294.ece">"China province launches anti-racism push after outrage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. 4 May 2020. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a>. Retrieved 19 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu%2C+Agence+France-Presse&rft.atitle=China+province+launches+anti-racism+push+after+outrage&rft.date=2020-05-04&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Finternational%2Fchina-province-launches-anti-racism-push-after-outrage%2Farticle31504294.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-556"><a href="#cite_ref-556">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlklivesmatter2021" class="citation web cs1">@Blklivesmatter (17 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/Blklivesmatter/status/1372298542665056259">"Read our statement denouncing the white supremacist attacks on our Asian communities"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). Retrieved 23 March 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Read+our+statement+denouncing+the+white+supremacist+attacks+on+our+Asian+communities&rft.date=2021-03-17&rft.au=Blklivesmatter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FBlklivesmatter%2Fstatus%2F1372298542665056259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-557"><a href="#cite_ref-557">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHong_Yi2020" class="citation web cs1">Hong Yi R (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104215246/https://redhongyi.com/portfolio/iamnotavirus/">"#IAMOTAVIRUS"</a>. Red Hong Yi. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://redhongyi.com/portfolio/iamnotavirus/">the original</a> on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Red+Hong+Yi&rft.atitle=%23IAMOTAVIRUS&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Hong+Yi&rft.aufirst=Red&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fredhongyi.com%2Fportfolio%2Fiamnotavirus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-558"><a href="#cite_ref-558">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeeldesain2020" class="citation web cs1">Feeldesain (24 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.feeldesain.com/iamnotavirus-against-racism.html">"#iamnotavirus against racism"</a>. feeldesain. Retrieved 12 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=feeldesain&rft.atitle=%23iamnotavirus+against+racism&rft.date=2020-04-24&rft.au=Feeldesain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.feeldesain.com%2Fiamnotavirus-against-racism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-559"><a href="#cite_ref-559">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/co-state-wire-aurora-626e39d5da868b331d36e87feae6efcf">"Korean 'comfort women' memorial a no-go in Aurora"</a>. AP NEWS. 12 June 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft.atitle=Korean+%27comfort+women%27+memorial+a+no-go+in+Aurora&rft.date=2021-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fco-state-wire-aurora-626e39d5da868b331d36e87feae6efcf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-560"><a href="#cite_ref-560">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolz2021" class="citation news cs1">Volz D (8 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/pro-china-online-network-used-fake-accounts-to-urge-asian-americans-to-attend-protests-researchers-say-11631109601">"Pro-China Online Network Used Fake Accounts to Urge Asian-Americans to Attend Protests, Researchers Say"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. Retrieved 8 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Pro-China+Online+Network+Used+Fake+Accounts+to+Urge+Asian-Americans+to+Attend+Protests%2C+Researchers+Say&rft.date=2021-09-08&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Volz&rft.aufirst=Dustin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fpro-china-online-network-used-fake-accounts-to-urge-asian-americans-to-attend-protests-researchers-say-11631109601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXenophobia+and+racism+related+to+the+COVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Christine Fernando and Cheyanne Mumphrey (20 December 2020) "Racism Targets Asian Food, Business During COVID-19 Pandemic". <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>/<a href="/wiki/NBC_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="NBC San Diego">NBC San Diego</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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id="Timeline" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic">Pre-pandemic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS" title="SARS">Severe acute respiratory syndrome</a> (SARS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MERS" title="MERS">Middle East respiratory syndrome</a> (MERS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimson_Contagion" title="Crimson Contagion">Crimson Contagion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disease_X" title="Disease X">Disease X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security#Event_201" title="Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security">Event 201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_Cygnus" title="Exercise Cygnus">Exercise Cygnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">2019</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">January</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">February</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">April</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">May</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">July</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">August</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">September</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">October</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">November</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">December</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">January</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">February</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">April</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">May</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">July</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">August</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">September</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">October</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021">November</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021">December</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022">January</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022">February</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022">March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022">April</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022">May</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022">June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022">July</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022">August</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022">September</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022">October</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2022">November</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2022">December</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2023" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2023">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Locations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Locations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a><div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_timeline_by_country_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 timeline by country in Africa">timeline</a></li><li> <a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">national responses</a>)</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Algeria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Libya" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Morocco" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sudan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tunisia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Sahara" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burundi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Comoros" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Djibouti" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eritrea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ethiopia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kenya" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madagascar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritius" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rwanda" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Seychelles" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somalia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Somalia">Somalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puntland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puntland">Puntland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somaliland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Sudan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tanzania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uganda" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Angola" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Botswana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eswatini" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lesotho" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malawi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mozambique" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Namibia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">South Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_deaths_in_South_Africa" title="List of COVID-19 deaths in South Africa">list of deaths</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zambia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zimbabwe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cameroon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chad" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gabon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burkina_Faso" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cape_Verde" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Gambia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana">Ghana</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_(March%E2%80%93July_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (March–July 2020)">March–July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_(August%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (August–December 2020)">August–December</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (2021)">2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li> <li>impact <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana">education</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ivory_Coast" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liberia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mali" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niger" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nigeria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria">Nigeria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Senegal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sierra_Leone" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Togo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Togo">Togo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central/North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)">January–June</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)">July–December</a></li></ul></li> <li>impact <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia">political</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tajikistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uzbekistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokyo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tokyo">Tokyo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_and_2020_Summer_Paralympics" title="COVID-19 cases at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics">2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Macau" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mongolia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Taiwan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan">Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan" title="Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan">respirator diplomacy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">Mainland China</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_China" title="COVID-19 lockdown in China">lockdown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns_in_mainland_China" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China">detail</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China">vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Beijing" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing">Beijing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_and_2022_Winter_Paralympics" title="COVID-19 cases at the 2022 Winter Olympics and 2022 Winter Paralympics">2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Heilongjiang" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Henan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Henan">Henan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hubei" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Inner_Mongolia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liaoning" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Liaoning">Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Shanghai" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai">Shanghai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Shanghai_COVID-19_outbreak" title="2022 Shanghai COVID-19 outbreak">2022 outbreak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sichuan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sichuan">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tibet" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tibet">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Xinjiang" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Afghanistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bhutan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nepal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pakistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Pakistan" title="2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Pakistan">Tablighi Jamaat hotspot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sri_Lanka" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India#Evacuations_by_India_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">evacuations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_India" title="COVID-19 lockdown in India">lockdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic">migrant workers' crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">statistics</a></li> <li>timeline <ul><li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_(January%E2%80%93May_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (January–May 2020)">January–May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_(June%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (June–December 2020)">June–December</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (2021)">2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">union government response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund" title="PM CARES Fund">PM CARES Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia#SAARC_COVID-19_Emergency_Fund" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia">SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_state_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian state government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">state government responses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India" title="COVID-19 vaccination in India">vaccination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_Maitri" title="Vaccine Maitri">Vaccine Maitri</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arunachal_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Assam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bihar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chandigarh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chhattisgarh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delhi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi">Delhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Delhi" title="2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Delhi">Tablighi Jamaat hotspot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Goa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gujarat" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haryana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Himachal_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jharkhand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Karnataka" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala">Kerala</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ladakh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lakshadweep" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madhya_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manipur" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Meghalaya" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mizoram" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nagaland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Odisha" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puducherry" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puducherry">Puducherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Punjab,_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rajasthan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sikkim" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Telangana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tripura" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tripura">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttar_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttarakhand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Bengal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Southeast_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia">Southeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brunei" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cambodia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_East_Timor" title="COVID-19 pandemic in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia (2021)">2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_large-scale_social_restrictions" title="Indonesia large-scale social restrictions">social restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Activities_Restrictions_Enforcement" title="Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement">Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Laos" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Myanmar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore">Singapore</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Singapore_circuit_breaker_measures" title="2020–21 Singapore circuit breaker measures">circuit breaker response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore">vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore">statistics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand">Thailand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand">vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand">statistics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam">Vietnam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>impact <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia">political</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aid_and_relief_efforts_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Aid and relief efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Aid and relief efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_movement_control_order" title="Malaysian movement control order">movement control order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Malaysia" title="2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Malaysia">Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot</a></li> <li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2022)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_(2023)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2023)">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Johor" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Johor">Johor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuala_Lumpur" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sabah" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sabah">Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sarawak" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Selangor" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Selangor">Selangor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines">Philippines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines">community quarantines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_community_quarantine_in_Luzon" title="Enhanced community quarantine in Luzon">Luzon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_by_the_Philippines_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations by the Philippines related to the COVID-19 pandemic">evacuations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#COVID-19_testing_controversy" title="Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">testing controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines">vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangsamoro" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bicol_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Bicol Region">Bicol Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cagayan_Valley" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cagayan Valley">Cagayan Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Calabarzon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Calabarzon">Calabarzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Caraga" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Caraga">Caraga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Luzon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Central Luzon">Central Luzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Visayas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Central Visayas">Central Visayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cordillera_Administrative_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cordillera Administrative Region">Cordillera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Davao_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Davao Region">Davao Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eastern_Visayas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Visayas">Eastern Visayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Ilocos_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Ilocos Region">Ilocos Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Metro_Manila" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mimaropa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mimaropa">Mimaropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Mindanao" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Mindanao">Northern Mindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Soccsksargen" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Soccsksargen">Soccsksargen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Visayas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Western Visayas">Western Visayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zamboanga_Peninsula" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Zamboanga Peninsula">Zamboanga Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Filipinos_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Overseas Filipinos during the COVID-19 pandemic">Overseas Filipinos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Armenia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Azerbaijan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Artsakh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Artsakh">Artsakh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bahrain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus">Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_(country)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Abkhazia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Ossetia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iran" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iraq" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Kurdistan_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Kurdistan Region">Kurdistan Region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Israel" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jordan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuwait" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lebanon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oman" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Qatar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_programme_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 vaccination programme in Saudi Arabia">vaccination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yemen" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">history</a></li> <li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(January%E2%80%93June_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2020)">January–June 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(July%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2020)">July–December 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(January%E2%80%93June_2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2021)">January–June 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(July%E2%80%93December_2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2021)">July–December 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(January%E2%80%93June_2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2022)">January–June 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(July%E2%80%93December_2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2022)">July–December 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(2023)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (2023)">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">responses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Broadshare" title="Operation Broadshare">response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rescript" title="Operation Rescript">Operation Rescript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversies_regarding_COVID-19_contracts_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Controversies regarding COVID-19 contracts in the United Kingdom">contracts</a></li></ul></li> <li>impact <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom">education</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_England" title="COVID-19 pandemic in England">England</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_(January%E2%80%93June_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (January–June 2020)">January–June</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_(July%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (July–December 2020)">July–December</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_London" title="COVID-19 pandemic in London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_local_lockdown_regulations_in_England" title="COVID-19 local lockdown regulations in England">local lockdown regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_COVID-19_tier_regulations_in_England" title="First COVID-19 tier regulations in England">first tier regulations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland">Scotland</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wales">Wales</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)">2022</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Crown_Dependencies" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jersey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guernsey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories">Overseas territories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gibraltar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus">Belarus</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Moldova" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Moldova">Moldova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gagauzia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gagauzia">Gagauzia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Transnistria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)">January–June 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)">July–December 2020</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government responses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia">political impact</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ukraine" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Crimea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Crimea">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sevastopol" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Balkans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Albania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kosovo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montenegro" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Macedonia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia">statistics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">European Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belgium" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bulgaria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia">Croatia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus">Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Denmark" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark">Denmark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Estonia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Finland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Finland">Finland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_%C3%85land" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Åland">Åland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Normandy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Normandy">Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Germany" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greece" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hungary" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">social impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland">vaccination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 lockdowns in Italy">lockdowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Latvia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lithuania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Luxembourg" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Netherlands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Dutch government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Poland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portugal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Romania">Romania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovakia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovenia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asturias" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asturias">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla">Melilla</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden">Sweden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gloria" title="Operation Gloria">Operation Gloria</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">EFTA countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iceland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liechtenstein" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norway" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Norway">Norway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Svalbard" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Switzerland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microstates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andorra" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Monaco" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_San_Marino" title="COVID-19 pandemic in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vatican_City" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Atlantic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bermuda" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greenland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">economic impact</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_aid_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Federal aid during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">federal aid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Canada">vaccination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Canada_vaccinations_by_province" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Canada vaccinations by province">by province</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Laser" title="Operation Laser">military response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Bubble" title="Atlantic Bubble">Atlantic Bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta">Alberta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_British_Columbia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manitoba" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Brunswick" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northwest_Territories" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nova_Scotia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nunavut" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nunavut">Nunavut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario">Ontario</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ottawa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ottawa">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_Peel" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of Peel">Peel Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Toronto" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto">Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_York" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of York">York Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario" title="Provincial government response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario">Provincial government response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario">Vaccination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Prince_Edward_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Quebec" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec">Quebec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montreal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montreal">Montreal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_Montreal_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Boroughs of Montreal during the COVID-19 pandemic">boroughs</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yukon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Yukon">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bahamas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Barbados" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cuba" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba">Cuba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay Naval Base</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dominica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Grenada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haiti" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jamaica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Lucia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Anguilla" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montserrat" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Broadshare" title="Operation Broadshare">response</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Aruba" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Maarten" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bonaire" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saba" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saba">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Eustatius" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French West Indies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">US insular areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belize" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Costa_Rica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_El_Salvador" title="COVID-19 pandemic in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guatemala" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Honduras" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico">Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico">vaccination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nicaragua" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Panama" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Panama">Panama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic">Trump administration communication</a></li> <li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2021)">2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">social impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_hospital_crisis_in_the_U.S._from_COVID-19" title="2021 hospital crisis in the U.S. from COVID-19">2021 hospital crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">responses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">federal government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state_and_local_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">state and local governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="California government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">California government response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_state_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="New York state government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">New York government response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Texas government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Texas government response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_States_Multi-state_Council" title="Eastern States Multi-state Council">Eastern States Multi-state Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_Governors_Regional_Pact" title="Midwest Governors Regional Pact">Midwest Governors Regional Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_States_Pact" title="Western States Pact">Western States Pact</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alabama" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alaska" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona">Arizona</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Navajo_Nation" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Navajo Nation">Navajo Nation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arkansas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_California" title="COVID-19 pandemic in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_California" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in California">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area">S.F. Bay Area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colorado" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Connecticut" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delaware" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Idaho" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Illinois" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iowa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kansas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Louisiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maine" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland">Maryland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Boston">Boston</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Boston">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Michigan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Minnesota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mississippi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Missouri" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nebraska" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada">Nevada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Hampshire" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Jersey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)">New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York City">New York City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Carolina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Dakota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ohio" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ohio">Ohio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Columbus,_Ohio" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oklahoma" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oregon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oregon">Oregon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pennsylvania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philadelphia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rhode_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Carolina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Dakota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tennessee" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Texas">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austin,_Texas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Utah" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vermont" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Virginia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington,_D.C." title="COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak" title="White House COVID-19 outbreak">White House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Virginia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wisconsin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wyoming" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Fiji" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Polynesia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kiribati" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nauru" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Caledonia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niue" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Palau" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Autonomous_Region_of_Bougainville" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville">Bougainville</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Samoa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Solomon_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokelau" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tonga" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tuvalu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vanuatu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wallis_and_Futuna" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2020)">2020</a></li> <li>2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_(January%E2%80%93June_2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (January–June 2021)">January–June</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_(July%E2%80%93December_2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (July–December 2021)">July–December</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Australian_Capital_Territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Christmas_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_South_Wales" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales">New South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norfolk_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Queensland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Queensland">Queensland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Australia">South Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tasmania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Victoria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Western Australia">Western Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2022)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_(2023)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2023)">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_alert_levels_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 alert levels in New Zealand">Alert levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Protection_Framework" title="COVID-19 Protection Framework">Traffic light system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">social impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_managed_isolation_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 managed isolation in New Zealand">managed isolation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina">Argentina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina">statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina">human rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bolivia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">Brazil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Chile">Chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile">statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia">Colombia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ecuador" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guyana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Paraguay" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Peru">Peru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru">statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cusco" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cusco">Cusco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Suriname" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uruguay" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Venezuela" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships">Cruise ships</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Diamond_Princess" title="COVID-19 pandemic on Diamond Princess">Diamond Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Grand_Princess" title="COVID-19 pandemic on Grand Princess">Grand Princess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships">Naval ships</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Charles_de_Gaulle" title="COVID-19 pandemic on Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="COVID-19 pandemic on USS Theodore Roosevelt">USS Theodore Roosevelt</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Impact" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Impact</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture and entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage">Arts and cultural heritage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture" title="COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture">References in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">films affected</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona-chan" title="Corona-chan">Corona-chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company">Disney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry">Fashion industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry">Music industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States">U.S.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_American_sports_broadcasting" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on American sports broadcasting">U.S. sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">programs affected</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry">Video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_female_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on female education">Female education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic">Homeschooling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_Kingdom_school_exam_grading_controversy" title="2020 United Kingdom school exam grading controversy">exam grading controversy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bio-secure_bubble" title="Bio-secure bubble">Bio-secure bubble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Philippine_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Philippine sports">Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_baseball" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_basketball" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on basketball">Basketball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_of_the_2019%E2%80%9320_NBA_season" title="Suspension of the 2019–20 NBA season">NBA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports">Combat sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf">Disc golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games">Gaelic games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_gridiron_football" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gridiron football">Gridirion football (NCAAF, NFL, and CFL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ice_hockey" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ice hockey">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport">Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league">Rugby league</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society and rights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Social impact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_associated_with_COVID-19" title="Social stigma associated with COVID-19">Stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pox_party#COVID-19_party" title="Pox party">COVID-19 parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children">Children</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States">foster care in the U.S.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic_baking" title="Pandemic baking">Pandemic baking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Labor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_healthcare_workers" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers">Healthcare workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic">Indian migrant workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Resignation" title="Great Resignation">Great Resignation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic">Strikes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_issues_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Human rights issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Human rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong#Protests" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Myanmar coup d'état">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea#History" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan#0" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States">Abortion in the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_U.S._immigration_detention" title="COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. immigration detention">U.S. immigration detention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gendered_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community">LGBT community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African communities">African communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities">Disability community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Native_American_tribes_and_tribal_communities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Native American tribes and tribal communities">Native American communities</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xenophobia and racism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj">Hajj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Economic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charitable_activities_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Charitable activities related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Charitable activity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_scams" title="COVID-19 scams">COVID-19 scams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel during the COVID-19 pandemic">Travel restrictions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Pandemic_Unemployment_Payment" title="COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment">COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">U.K.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">U.S.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_commercial_air_transport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial air transport">Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of airlines impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">Airlines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry">Cannabis industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry">Food industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_Canada" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada">meat industry in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States">meat industry in the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States">restaurant industry in the U.S.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals">Hospitals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ICU_capacity" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ICU capacity">ICU capacity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities">Long-term care facilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Mink farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_public_transport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport">Public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail">Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supply and trade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_global_chip_shortage" title="2020–2023 global chip shortage">Chip supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_energy_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2023 global energy crisis">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_supply_chain_crisis" title="2021–2023 global supply chain crisis">Global supply chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war" title="2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war">Oil price war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">Food security</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Financial markets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">Global stock market crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">COVID-19 recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_inflation_surge" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2022 inflation surge">Inflation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Information</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism">Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">Media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Wikipedia and the COVID-19 pandemic">Wikipedia's response</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">Misinformation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments" title="COVID-19 misinformation by governments">Governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China" title="COVID-19 misinformation by China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 misinformation by the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li>By country <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 misinformation in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic">Ivermectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plandemic" title="Plandemic">Plandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">National responses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_pandemic_legislation" title="List of COVID-19 pandemic legislation">Legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Political impact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Abkhazia_unrest" title="2021 Abkhazia unrest">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17A" title="17A">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 protests in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convoy_to_Canberra" title="Convoy to Canberra">Convoy to Canberra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Azerbaijani_protests" title="2020 Azerbaijani protests">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests" title="2020–2021 Belarusian protests">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Brussels_protests" title="2022 Brussels protests">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Brazil" title="Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Brazil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Brazilian_protests" title="2020 Brazilian protests">2020 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Brazilian_protests" title="2021 Brazilian protests">2021 protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Bulgarian_protests" title="2020–2021 Bulgarian protests">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 protests in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada_convoy_protest" title="Canada convoy protest">convoy protest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932022_Chilean_protests" title="2019–2022 Chilean protests">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_COVID-19_protests_in_China" title="2022 COVID-19 protests in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Beijing_Sitong_Bridge_protest" title="2022 Beijing Sitong Bridge protest">Beijing Sitong Bridge protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Chinese_healthcare_reform_protests" title="2023 Chinese healthcare reform protests">healthcare reform protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Colombia" title="Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Colombia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Colombian_protests" title="2021 Colombian protests">2021 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Colombian_protests" title="2022 Colombian protests">2022 protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Cuban_protests" title="2021 Cuban protests">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#France" title="Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_vests_protests" title="Yellow vests protests">Yellow vests protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_French_labor_protests" title="2021 French labor protests">labor protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_social_unrest_in_the_French_West_Indies" title="2021–2022 social unrest in the French West Indies">French West Indies social unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_convoy_protest" title="France convoy protest">convoy protest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Germany" title="COVID-19 protests in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Idar-Oberstein_shooting" title="2021 Idar-Oberstein shooting">Idar-Oberstein shooting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Greek_protests" title="2021 Greek protests">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Israel" title="COVID-19 protests in Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_protests_against_Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="2020–2021 protests against Benjamin Netanyahu">protests against Benjamin Netanyahu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_over_COVID-19_policies_in_Italy" title="Protests over COVID-19 policies in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Mongolian_protests" title="2021 Mongolian protests">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_Netherlands" title="COVID-19 protests in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Dutch_curfew_riots" title="2021 Dutch curfew riots">curfew riots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 protests in New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Wellington_protest" title="2022 Wellington protest">Wellington protest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Paraguayan_protests" title="2021 Paraguayan protests">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932022_Serbian_protests" title="2020–2022 Serbian protests">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Tunisian_protests" title="2021 Tunisian protests">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 protests in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 protests in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_the_States" title="Open the States">Open the States</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations">International relations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan%E2%80%93Romanian_collaboration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Moldovan–Romanian collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic">Moldovan–Romanian collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6104900" class="extiw" title="d:Q6104900">Nicaragua–Taiwan relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan" title="Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan">Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_diplomacy" title="Vaccine diplomacy">Vaccine diplomacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropause" title="Anthropause">Anthropause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomscrolling" title="Doomscrolling">Doomscrolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">Flattening the curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_recovery" title="Green recovery">Green recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">Long COVID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology#Telecommunications" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Quarantini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">Social distancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superspreading_event" title="Superspreading event">Superspreader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twindemic" title="Twindemic">Twindemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-COVID" title="Zero-COVID">Zero-COVID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_(software)" title="Zoom (software)">Zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_town" title="Zoom town">Zoom towns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_and_animals" title="COVID-19 pandemic and animals">Animals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Cluster 5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_pregnant_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women">Pregnant women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Science and technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Health_issues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Health issues</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medical topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19" title="Transmission of COVID-19">Transmission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19" title="Symptoms of COVID-19">Symptoms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_and_cancer" title="COVID-19 and cancer">Cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endemic_COVID-19" title="Endemic COVID-19">Endemic COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutaneous_manifestations_of_COVID-19" title="Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19">Skin manifestations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">Long COVID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">Mental health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes">neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy" title="COVID-19 in pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">Non-COVID-19–related health issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve#Raising_the_line" title="Flattening the curve">Raise the line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_after_COVID-19" title="Rehabilitation after COVID-19">Rehabilitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">Unproven medical methods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Testing and epidemiology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_datasets" title="COVID-19 datasets">Datasets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">Death rates by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">Disease testing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer" title="Coronavirus breathalyzer">Breathalyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Moonshot" title="Operation Moonshot">Operation Moonshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_to_Release" title="Test to Release">Test to Release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Rapid_Test_Consortium" title="UK Rapid Test Consortium">UK Rapid Test Consortium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AbC-19_rapid_antibody_test" title="AbC-19 rapid antibody test">AbC-19 rapid antibody test</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" class="mw-redirect" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">investigations into the origins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lab_leak_theory" title="COVID-19 lab leak theory">lab leak theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_rapid_antigen_test" title="COVID-19 rapid antigen test">Rapid antigen test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation" title="Software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_surveillance" title="COVID-19 surveillance">Surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country" title="Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country">Undercounting COVID-19 deaths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_apps" title="COVID-19 apps">Apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarogya_Setu" title="Aarogya Setu">Aarogya Setu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlueTrace" title="BlueTrace">BlueTrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CareFIJI" title="CareFIJI">careFIJI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Australia" title="Coronavirus Australia">Coronavirus Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona-Warn-App" title="Corona-Warn-App">Corona-Warn-App</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Contact-Confirming_Application" title="COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application">COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID_Alert" title="COVID Alert">COVID Alert</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa#COVID_AlertSA" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">COVID AlertSA</a> (South Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVIDSafe" title="COVIDSafe">COVIDSafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID_Tracker_Ireland" title="COVID Tracker Ireland">COVID Tracker Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covid_Watch" title="Covid Watch">Covid Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_Privacy-Preserving_Proximity_Tracing" title="Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing">Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_Notification" title="Exposure Notification">Exposure Notification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Code">Health Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthy_Together" title="Healthy Together">Healthy Together</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immuni" title="Immuni">Immuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koronavilkku" title="Koronavilkku">Koronavilkku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeaveHomeSafe" title="LeaveHomeSafe">LeaveHomeSafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MySejahtera" title="MySejahtera">MySejahtera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_COVID-19" title="NHS COVID-19">NHS COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NZ_COVID_Tracer" title="NZ COVID Tracer">NZ COVID Tracer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NZ_Pass_Verifier" title="NZ Pass Verifier">NZ Pass Verifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PathCheck" title="PathCheck">PathCheck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PeduliLindungi" title="PeduliLindungi">PeduliLindungi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SafeEntry" title="SafeEntry">SafeEntry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SafePass" title="SafePass">SafePass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StaySafe.ph" title="StaySafe.ph">StaySafe.ph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SwissCovid" title="SwissCovid">SwissCovid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCN_Protocol" title="TCN Protocol">TCN Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test,_Trace,_Protect" title="Test, Trace, Protect">Test, Trace, Protect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Chana" title="Thai Chana">Thai Chana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TousAntiCovid" title="TousAntiCovid">TousAntiCovid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TraceTogether" title="TraceTogether">TraceTogether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valtrace" title="Valtrace">Valtrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoe_Health_Study" title="Zoe Health Study">Zoe Health Study</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prevention</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_purifier" title="Air purifier">Air purifier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corsi%E2%80%93Rosenthal_Box" title="Corsi–Rosenthal Box">Corsi–Rosenthal Box</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroquine_and_hydroxychloroquine_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine during the COVID-19 pandemic">Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic_fatigue#COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic fatigue">COVID fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Evacuations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">Face masks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-mask_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-mask sentiment">Anti-mask sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">Flattening the curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Barrington_Declaration" title="Great Barrington Declaration">Great Barrington Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">International aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">Lockdowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19" title="Public health mitigation of COVID-19">Public health mitigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_Hands_Challenge" title="Safe Hands Challenge">Safe Hands Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Social distancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19" title="Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19">Workplace hazard controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-COVID" title="Zero-COVID">Zero-COVID</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">Vaccines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations" title="List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations">Authorizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research" title="COVID-19 vaccine clinical research">Clinical research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development" title="History of COVID-19 vaccine development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_Digital_COVID_Certificate" title="EU Digital COVID Certificate">EU Certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy" title="COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy">Misinformation and hesitancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deaths_of_anti-vaccine_advocates_from_COVID-19" title="Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates from COVID-19">Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">Operation Warp Speed</a> (U.S.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination" title="Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination">Post-vaccination complications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card" title="COVID-19 vaccine card">Vaccine card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">Vaccine passports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Authorized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/DNA_vaccine" title="DNA vaccine">DNA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZyCoV-D" title="ZyCoV-D">ZyCoV-D</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine" title="Inactivated vaccine">Inactivated</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences COVID-19 vaccine">Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">CoronaVac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covaxin" title="Covaxin">Covaxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVIran_Barekat" title="COVIran Barekat">COVIran Barekat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoviVac_(Russia_COVID-19_vaccine)" title="CoviVac (Russia COVID-19 vaccine)">CoviVac (Russia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAKHRAVAC" title="FAKHRAVAC">FAKHRAVAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhai_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Minhai COVID-19 vaccine">Minhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QazCovid-in" title="QazCovid-in">QazCovid-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm BIBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_WIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm WIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm WIBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkovac" title="Turkovac">Turkovac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valneva_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Valneva COVID-19 vaccine">Valneva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/MRNA_vaccine" title="MRNA vaccine">mRNA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer–BioNTech</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subunit_vaccine" title="Subunit vaccine">Subunit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdala_(vaccine)" title="Abdala (vaccine)">Abdala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbevax" title="Corbevax">Corbevax</a> (Bio E COVID-19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVAX-19" title="COVAX-19">COVAX-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EpiVacCorona" title="EpiVacCorona">EpiVacCorona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IndoVac" title="IndoVac">IndoVac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MVC_COVID-19_vaccine" title="MVC COVID-19 vaccine">MVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noora_(vaccine)" title="Noora (vaccine)">Noora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Novavax COVID-19 vaccine">Novavax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razi_Cov_Pars" title="Razi Cov Pars">Razi Cov Pars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_CNBG_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm CNBG COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm CNBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soberana_02" title="Soberana 02">Soberana 02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soberana_Plus" title="Soberana Plus">Soberana Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZF2001" title="ZF2001">ZF2001</a> (Zifivax)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viral_vector_vaccine" title="Viral vector vaccine">Viral vector</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convidecia" title="Convidecia">Convidecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Janssen COVID-19 vaccine">Janssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">Oxford–AstraZeneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">Sputnik V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_Light" title="Sputnik Light">Sputnik Light</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virus-like_particle" title="Virus-like particle">Virus-like particles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CoVLP" title="CoVLP">CoVLP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine" title="Attenuated vaccine">Attenuated</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVI-VAC_(U.S._COVID-19_vaccine)" title="COVI-VAC (U.S. COVID-19 vaccine)">COVI-VAC (United States)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DNA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AG0302-COVID%E2%80%9119" title="AG0302-COVID‑19">AG0302-COVID‑19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GX-19" title="GX-19">GX-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inovio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Inovio COVID-19 vaccine">Inovio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inactivated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KD-414" title="KD-414">KD-414</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDV-HXP-S" title="NDV-HXP-S">NDV-HXP-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">RNA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARCT-021" title="ARCT-021">ARCT-021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARCT-154" title="ARCT-154">ARCT-154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangavax" title="Bangavax">Bangavax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CureVac_COVID-19_vaccine" title="CureVac COVID-19 vaccine">CureVac</a> (terminated)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HGC019" title="HGC019">HGC019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRNA-1283" title="MRNA-1283">mRNA-1283</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTX-COVID19-B" title="PTX-COVID19-B">PTX-COVID19-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93Translate_Bio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sanofi–Translate Bio COVID-19 vaccine">Sanofi–Translate Bio</a> (terminated)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stemirna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine">Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walvax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Walvax COVID-19 vaccine">Walvax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subunit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/202-CoV" title="202-CoV">202-CoV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AKS-452" title="AKS-452">AKS-452</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EuCorVac-19" title="EuCorVac-19">EuCorVac-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IVX-411" title="IVX-411">IVX-411</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanocovax" title="Nanocovax">Nanocovax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReCOV" title="ReCOV">ReCOV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93GSK_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine">Sanofi–GSK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-268019" title="S-268019">S-268019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCB-2019" title="SCB-2019">SCB-2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCTV01C" title="SCTV01C">SCTV01C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skycovione" title="Skycovione">Skycovione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UB-612" title="UB-612">UB-612</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-01" title="V-01">V-01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V451_vaccine" title="V451 vaccine">V451</a> (terminated)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vabiotech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Vabiotech COVID-19 vaccine">Vabiotech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_China_Hospital_COVID-19_vaccine" title="West China Hospital COVID-19 vaccine">West China Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZF2001" title="ZF2001">Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Viral vector</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AdCLD-CoV19" title="AdCLD-CoV19">AdCLD-CoV19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BriLife" title="BriLife">BriLife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COH04S1" title="COH04S1">COH04S1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT" title="DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT">DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAd-COV2" title="GRAd-COV2">GRAd-COV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ImmunityBio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="ImmunityBio COVID-19 vaccine">ImmunityBio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INCOVACC" title="INCOVACC">iNCOVACC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INNA-051" title="INNA-051">INNA-051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDV-HXP-S" title="NDV-HXP-S">NDV-HXP-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaxart_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine">Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virus-like_particle" title="Virus-like particle">Virus-like particles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABNCoV2" title="ABNCoV2">ABNCoV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LYB001" title="LYB001">LYB001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MigVax-101" title="MigVax-101">MigVax-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VBI-2902" title="VBI-2902">VBI-2902</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment by location</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Algeria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Angola" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin#Vaccination" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Botswana" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burkina_Faso" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burundi" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cape_Verde" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Chad" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Comoros" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Djibouti" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Eswatini" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ghana" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Morocco" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nigeria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Senegal" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 vaccination in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Zimbabwe" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bangladesh" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bhutan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China">Mainland China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India" title="COVID-19 vaccination in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Indonesia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iran" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Israel" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Kazakhstan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Malaysia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nepal" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sri_Lanka" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Taiwan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Turkey" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Albania" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bulgaria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Croatia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_France" title="COVID-19 vaccination in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Germany" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Greece" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Hungary" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iceland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Moldova" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Norway" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Portugal" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Romania" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sweden" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Switzerland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ukraine" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Quebec" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cuba#Vaccination" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Haiti" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States">mandates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Fiji" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Argentina" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Colombia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Peru" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Peru">Peru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica#Vaccination" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19" title="Treatment and management of COVID-19">Treatment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">Drug development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research" title="COVID-19 drug repurposing research">Drug repurposing research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baricitinib" title="Baricitinib">Baricitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone#COVID‑19" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extracorporeal_membrane_oxygenation#Use_in_COVID-19_patients" title="Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation">Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_ventilator#COVID-19_pandemic" title="Open-source ventilator">Open-source ventilator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PANORAMIC_trial" title="PANORAMIC trial">PANORAMIC trial</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RECOVERY_Trial" title="RECOVERY Trial">RECOVERY Trial</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_trial" title="Solidarity trial">Solidarity trial</a> (WHO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">Monoclonal antibodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamlanivimab/etesevimab" title="Bamlanivimab/etesevimab">Bamlanivimab/etesevimab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamlanivimab" title="Bamlanivimab">Bamlanivimab</a></li> <li>Etesevimab</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebtelovimab" title="Bebtelovimab">Bebtelovimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casirivimab/imdevimab" title="Casirivimab/imdevimab">Casirivimab/imdevimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regdanvimab" title="Regdanvimab">Regdanvimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarilumab" title="Sarilumab">Sarilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotrovimab" title="Sotrovimab">Sotrovimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tixagevimab/cilgavimab" title="Tixagevimab/cilgavimab">Tixagevimab/cilgavimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocilizumab" title="Tocilizumab">Tocilizumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antiviral_drug" title="Antiviral drug">Small molecule antivirals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad-spectrum_antiviral_drug" title="Broad-spectrum antiviral drug">Broad-spectrum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ensitrelvir" title="Ensitrelvir">Ensitrelvir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molnupiravir" title="Molnupiravir">Molnupiravir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remdesivir#COVID-19" title="Remdesivir">Remdesivir</a></li></ul></li> <li>Co-packaged <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nirmatrelvir" title="Nirmatrelvir">Nirmatrelvir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir" title="Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir">ritonavir</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Variants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">Variants</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant">Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant">Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant">Gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant">Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant">Zeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant">Eta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant">Theta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant">Iota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant">Kappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant">Lambda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant">Mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">Omicron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="Timeline of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Cluster 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617" title="SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617">Lineage B.1.617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2#B.1.640.2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">Lineage B.1.640.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_variant_of_concern" class="mw-redirect" title="SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern">Variant of concern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Institutions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Institutions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hospitals and medical clinics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mainland China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Hospital_of_Wuhan" title="Central Hospital of Wuhan">Central Hospital of Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabie_Mountain_Regional_Medical_Centre" title="Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre">Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangcang_hospital" title="Fangcang hospital">Fangcang hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huoshenshan_Hospital" title="Huoshenshan Hospital">Huoshenshan Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leishenshan_Hospital" title="Leishenshan Hospital">Leishenshan Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_Xinjia_Express_Hotel" title="Collapse of Xinjia Express Hotel">Xinjia Express Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Jinyintan_Hospital" title="Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital">Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic">Hospital ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garran_Surge_Centre" title="Garran Surge Centre">Garran Surge Centre</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_El_Salvador" title="Hospital El Salvador">Hospital El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SevenHills_Hospital#COVID-19_hospital" title="SevenHills Hospital">SevenHills Hospital</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemayoran_Athletes_Village" title="Kemayoran Athletes Village">Kemayoran Athletes Village</a> (Indonesia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyongyang_General_Hospital" title="Pyongyang General Hospital">Pyongyang General Hospital</a> (North Korea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Agro_Exposition_Park_Serdang" title="Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang">Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang</a> (Malaysia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mega_Ligtas_COVID_Centers" title="Mega Ligtas COVID Centers">Mega Ligtas COVID Centers</a> (Philippines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandakadu_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Centre" title="Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre">Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre</a> (Sri Lanka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancaktepe_Prof._Dr._Feriha_%C3%96z_Emergency_Hospital" title="Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital">Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital</a> (Turkey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Filk%C3%B6y_Prof._Dr._Murat_Dilmener_Emergency_Hospital" title="Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital">Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital</a> (Turkey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom">COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom#NHS_England" title="COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom">NHS Nightingale Hospitals</a> (England) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Birmingham" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_East" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital North East">North East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_West" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital North West">North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Louisa_Jordan" title="NHS Louisa Jordan">NHS Louisa Jordan</a> (Scotland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_Heart_Hospital" title="Dragon's Heart Hospital">Dragon's Heart Hospital</a> (Wales)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Cabinet_(Australia)" title="National Cabinet (Australia)">National Cabinet</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ScienceUpFirst" title="ScienceUpFirst">ScienceUpFirst</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Institute_of_Virology" title="Wuhan Institute of Virology">Wuhan Institute of Virology</a> (China)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_SAGE" title="Independent SAGE">Independent SAGE</a> (United Kingdom)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (African Union)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Infectious_Disease_Centre" title="Ghana Infectious Disease Centre">Ghana Infectious Disease Centre</a> (Ghana)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Hong_Kong)" title="Department of Health (Hong Kong)">Department of Health (Hong Kong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Disease_Control_and_Prevention_Agency" title="Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency">Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency</a> (South Korea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Communicable_Diseases" title="National Institute for Communicable Diseases">National Institute for Communicable Diseases</a> (South Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Centers_for_Disease_Control" title="Taiwan Centers for Disease Control">Taiwan Centers for Disease Control</a> (Taiwan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pandemic institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_COVID-19_Commission_Advisory_Board" title="National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board">National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Immunity_Task_Force" title="COVID-19 Immunity Task Force">COVID-19 Immunity Task Force</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Supply_Council" title="COVID-19 Supply Council">COVID-19 Supply Council</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PREPARE" title="PREPARE">PREPARE</a> (European Union)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Expert_Group_on_Vaccine_Administration_for_COVID-19" title="National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19">National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Response_Acceleration_Task_Force" title="COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force">COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force</a> (Indonesia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Health_Emergency_Team_(2020)" title="National Public Health Emergency Team (2020)">National Public Health Emergency Team</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novel_Coronavirus_Expert_Meeting" title="Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting">Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting</a> (Japan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_Preparedness_and_Response_Centre" title="Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre">Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre</a> (Malaysia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defeat_COVID-19_Ad_Hoc_Committee" title="Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee">Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee</a> (Philippines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Agency_Task_Force_for_the_Management_of_Emerging_Infectious_Diseases" title="Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases">Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases</a> (Philippines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Epidemic_Command_Center" title="Central Epidemic Command Center">Central Epidemic Command Center</a> (Taiwan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Scientific_Advisory_Board" title="Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board">Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board</a> (Turkey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Genomics_UK_Consortium" title="COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium">COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team">Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Biosecurity_Centre" title="Joint Biosecurity Centre">Joint Biosecurity Centre</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_Taskforce" title="Vaccine Taskforce">Vaccine Taskforce</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board" title="COVID-19 Advisory Board">COVID-19 Advisory Board</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups" title="Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups">Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force" title="White House Coronavirus Task Force">White House Coronavirus Task Force</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="White House COVID-19 Response Team">White House COVID-19 Response Team</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GACH" title="GACH">GACH</a> (Uruguay)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relief funds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund" title="PM CARES Fund">PM CARES Fund</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia#SAARC_COVID-19_Emergency_Fund" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia">SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist_Relief" title="Artist Relief">Artist Relief</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medical professionals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai_Fen" title="Ai Fen">Ai Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona_Rintawan" title="Corona Rintawan">Corona Rintawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Wenliang" title="Li Wenliang">Li Wenliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Wen_(doctor)" title="Liu Wen (doctor)">Liu Wen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xie_Linka" title="Xie Linka">Xie Linka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Wenhong" title="Zhang Wenhong">Zhang Wenhong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Coronavirus_researchers" title="Category:Coronavirus researchers">Researchers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awang_Bulgiba_Awang_Mahmud" title="Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud">Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Burioni" title="Roberto Burioni">Roberto Burioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Wei_(medical_scientist)" title="Chen Wei (medical scientist)">Chen Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizzmekia_Corbett" title="Kizzmekia Corbett">Kizzmekia Corbett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Crisanti_(scientist)" title="Andrea Crisanti (scientist)">Andrea Crisanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Daszak" title="Peter Daszak">Peter Daszak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Drosten" title="Christian Drosten">Christian Drosten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Ferguson_(epidemiologist)" title="Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist)">Neil Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Fisher" title="Dale Fisher">Dale Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Gao" title="George F. Gao">George F. Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azra_Ghani" title="Azra Ghani">Azra Ghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Gilbert" title="Sarah Gilbert">Sarah Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Yi" title="Guan Yi">Guan Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentaro_Iwata" title="Kentaro Iwata">Kentaro Iwata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Katalin Karikó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Keeling" title="Matt Keeling">Matt Keeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trudie_Lang" title="Trudie Lang">Trudie Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Lanjuan" title="Li Lanjuan">Li Lanjuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Ian_Lipkin" title="W. Ian Lipkin">W. Ian Lipkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xiaowei" title="Ma Xiaowei">Ma Xiaowei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabir_Madhi" title="Shabir Madhi">Shabir Madhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_McGeer" title="Allison McGeer">Allison McGeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camilla_Rothe" title="Camilla Rothe">Camilla Rothe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Zhengli" title="Shi Zhengli">Shi Zhengli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moncef_Slaoui" title="Moncef Slaoui">Moncef Slaoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Tildesley" title="Mike Tildesley">Mike Tildesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Todd_(British_biologist)" title="John Todd (British biologist)">John Todd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Chen_(physician)" title="Wang Chen (physician)">Wang Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Guangfa" title="Wang Guangfa">Wang Guangfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuen_Kwok-yung" title="Yuen Kwok-yung">Yuen Kwok-yung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeng_Guang" title="Zeng Guang">Zeng Guang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jixian" title="Zhang Jixian">Zhang Jixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yongzhen" title="Zhang Yongzhen">Zhang Yongzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhong_Nanshan" title="Zhong Nanshan">Zhong Nanshan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Officials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">WHO</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus" title="Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus">Tedros Adhanom</a> (Director-General of the WHO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Aylward" title="Bruce Aylward">Bruce Aylward</a> (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Van_Kerkhove" title="Maria Van Kerkhove">Maria Van Kerkhove</a> (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Ryan_(doctor)" title="Michael J. Ryan (doctor)">Michael J. Ryan</a> (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Atherton" title="Frank Atherton">Frank Atherton</a> (Wales)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Bloomfield" title="Ashley Bloomfield">Ashley Bloomfield</a> (New Zealand)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Calderwood" title="Catherine Calderwood">Catherine Calderwood</a> (Scotland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang_Shan-chwen" title="Chang Shan-chwen">Chang Shan-chwen</a> (Taiwan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anutin_Charnvirakul" title="Anutin Charnvirakul">Anutin Charnvirakul</a> (Thailand)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Shih-chung" title="Chen Shih-chung">Chen Shih-chung</a> (Taiwan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuang_Yin-ching" title="Chuang Yin-ching">Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching</a> (Taiwan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Costache" title="Victor Costache">Victor Costache</a> (Romania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Curcio" title="Fabrizio Curcio">Fabrizio Curcio</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Deseda" title="Carmen Deseda">Carmen Deseda</a> (Puerto Rico)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaap_van_Dissel" title="Jaap van Dissel">Jaap van Dissel</a> (the Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Drosten" title="Christian Drosten">Christian Drosten</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Duque_III" title="Francisco Duque III">Francisco Duque III</a> (Philippines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Paolo_Figliuolo" title="Francesco Paolo Figliuolo">Francesco Paolo Figliuolo</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Freitas" title="Graça Freitas">Graça Freitas</a> (Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrique_Gouveia_e_Melo" title="Henrique Gouveia e Melo">Henrique Gouveia e Melo</a> (Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Hancock" title="Matt Hancock">Matt Hancock</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamad_Hasan" title="Hamad Hasan">Hamad Hasan</a> (Lebanon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Hunt" title="Greg Hunt">Greg Hunt</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Holohan" title="Tony Holohan">Tony Holohan</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeong_Eun-kyeong" title="Jeong Eun-kyeong">Jeong Eun-kyeong</a> (South Korea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahrettin_Koca" title="Fahrettin Koca">Fahrettin Koca</a> (Turkey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a> (China)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_L%C3%B3pez-Gatell_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez">Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez</a> (Mexico)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McBride_(doctor)" title="Michael McBride (doctor)">Michael McBride</a> (Northern Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriol_Mitj%C3%A0" title="Oriol Mitjà">Oriol Mitjà</a> (Andorra)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zweli_Mkhize" title="Zweli Mkhize">Zweli Mkhize</a> (South Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doni_Monardo" title="Doni Monardo">Doni Monardo</a> (Indonesia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alma_M%C3%B6ller" title="Alma Möller">Alma Möller</a> (Iceland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Namaki" title="Saeed Namaki">Saeed Namaki</a> (Iran)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ala_Nemerenco" title="Ala Nemerenco">Ala Nemerenco</a> (Moldova)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Thanh_Long" title="Nguyễn Thanh Long">Nguyễn Thanh Long</a> (Vietnam)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noor_Hisham_Abdullah" title="Noor Hisham Abdullah">Noor Hisham Abdullah</a> (Malaysia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Pilli" title="Ali Pilli">Ali Pilli</a> (Northern Cyprus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Salinas" title="Daniel Salinas">Daniel Salinas</a> (Uruguay)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Salomon" title="Jérôme Salomon">Jérôme Salomon</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sim%C3%B3n" title="Fernando Simón">Fernando Simón</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Smith" title="Gregor Smith">Gregor Smith</a> (Scotland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Ih-jen" title="Su Ih-jen">Su Ih-jen</a> (Taiwan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81ukasz_Szumowski" title="Łukasz Szumowski">Łukasz Szumowski</a> (Poland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_Tam" title="Theresa Tam">Theresa Tam</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Tegnell" title="Anders Tegnell">Anders Tegnell</a> (Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B3lfur_Gu%C3%B0nason" title="Þórólfur Guðnason">Þórólfur Guðnason</a> (Iceland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotiris_Tsiodras" title="Sotiris Tsiodras">Sotiris Tsiodras</a> (Greece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsh_Vardhan_(Delhi_politician)" title="Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)">Harsh Vardhan</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0ir_Reynisson" title="Víðir Reynisson">Víðir Reynisson</a> (Iceland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Vizzotti" title="Carla Vizzotti">Carla Vizzotti</a> (Argentina)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlad_Voiculescu" title="Vlad Voiculescu">Vlad Voiculescu</a> (Romania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Whitty" title="Chris Whitty">Chris Whitty</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Lawrence Wong</a> (Singapore)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Zients" title="Jeff Zients">Jeff Zients</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Qiushi" title="Chen Qiushi">Chen Qiushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Crozier" title="Brett Crozier">Brett Crozier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Bin" title="Fang Bin">Fang Bin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Fang" title="Fang Fang">Fang Fang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ashitey_Hammond" title="Joseph Ashitey Hammond">Joseph Ashitey Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zehua" title="Li Zehua">Li Zehua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Tom_Moore" title="Captain Tom Moore">Captain Tom Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiu_Menghuang" title="Qiu Menghuang">Qiu Menghuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren_Zhiqiang" title="Ren Zhiqiang">Ren Zhiqiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19" title="List of deaths due to COVID-19">List of deaths due to COVID-19</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Data_(templates)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Data (templates)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Global</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory#Statistics" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Cases, deaths, recoveries by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing#Virus_testing_statistics_by_country" title="COVID-19 testing">Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing#Virus_testing_statistics_by_country_subdivision" title="COVID-19 testing">Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country subdivision</a></li> <li>WHO situation reports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">cases</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_January_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in January 2020">January 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_February_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in February 2020">February 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_March_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in March 2020">March 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_April_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in April 2020">April 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_May_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in May 2020">May 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_June_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in June 2020">June 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_July_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in July 2020">July 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_August_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in August 2020">August 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_September_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in September 2020">September 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_October_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in October 2020">October 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_November_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in November 2020">November 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_December_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in December 2020">December 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_January_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in January 2021">January 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_February_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in February 2021">February 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_March_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in March 2021">March 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_April_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in April 2021">April 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_May_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in May 2021">May 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_June_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in June 2021">June 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_July_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in July 2021">July 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_August_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in August 2021">August 2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">deaths</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">World map by countries: confirmed per capita</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China#Graphics" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_hospital_beds#Numbers" title="List of countries by hospital beds">Hospital beds by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns#Table_of_pandemic_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">Lockdowns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Algeria_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Algeria medical cases chart">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Angola_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Angola medical cases chart">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Benin_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Benin medical cases chart">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Botswana_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Botswana medical cases chart">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Burkina_Faso_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Burkina Faso medical cases chart">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Burundi_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Burundi medical cases chart">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cameroon_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cameroon medical cases chart">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Comoros_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Comoros medical cases chart">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Egypt_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Egypt medical cases chart">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Eswatini_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Eswatini medical cases chart">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ethiopia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ethiopia medical cases chart">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ghana_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ghana medical cases">Ghana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ghana_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ghana medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ivory_Coast_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ivory Coast medical cases chart">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kenya_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kenya medical cases chart">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Libya_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Libya medical cases chart">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malawi_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malawi medical cases chart">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mali_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mali medical cases chart">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mauritania_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mauritania medical cases chart">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mauritius_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mauritius medical cases chart">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Morocco_(including_occupied_Western_Sahara)_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Morocco (including occupied Western Sahara) medical cases chart">Morocco (including occupied Western Sahara)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mozambique_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mozambique medical cases chart">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nigeria_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nigeria medical cases">Nigera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nigeria_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nigeria medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/São Tomé and Príncipe medical cases chart">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Senegal_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Senegal medical cases chart">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Seychelles_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Seychelles medical cases chart">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sierra_Leone_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sierra Leone medical cases chart">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Africa_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Africa medical cases">South Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Africa_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Africa medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Sudan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Sudan medical cases chart">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sudan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sudan medical cases chart">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Tanzania_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Tanzania medical cases chart">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Togo_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Togo medical cases chart">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Tunisia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Tunisia medical cases chart">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uganda_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uganda medical cases chart">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Zambia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Zambia medical cases chart">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Zimbabwe_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Zimbabwe medical cases">Zimbabwe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Zimbabwe_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Zimbabwe medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bolivia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bolivia medical cases">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Brazil_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Brazil medical cases">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Canada_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Canada medical cases">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Canada_medical_cases_by_province" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Canada medical cases by province">by province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Canada_vaccinations_by_province" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Canada vaccinations by province">vaccinations by province</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Chile_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Chile medical cases">Chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Chile_medical_cases_by_commune" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Chile medical cases by commune">by commune</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Colombia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Colombia medical cases chart">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Costa_Rica_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Costa Rica medical cases">Costa Rica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Costa_Rica_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Costa Rica medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cuba_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cuba medical cases chart">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Dominican_Republic_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Dominican Republic medical cases chart">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ecuador_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ecuador medical cases chart">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/El_Salvador_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/El Salvador medical cases chart">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Guatemala_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Guatemala medical cases chart">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Haiti_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Haiti medical cases chart">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Honduras_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Honduras medical cases chart">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mexico_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mexico medical cases">Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mexico_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mexico medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nicaragua_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nicaragua medical cases chart">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Panama_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Panama medical cases chart">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Paraguay_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Paraguay medical cases chart">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Peru_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Peru medical cases chart">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_States_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United States medical cases">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_States_medical_cases_by_state" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United States medical cases by state">by state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uruguay_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uruguay medical cases chart">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Venezuela_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Venezuela medical cases chart">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Afghanistan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Afghanistan medical cases chart">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Armenia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Armenia medical cases chart">Armenia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Republic_of_Artsakh_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Republic of Artsakh medical cases chart">Artsakh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Azerbaijan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Azerbaijan medical cases chart">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bahrain_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bahrain medical cases chart">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bangladesh_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bangladesh medical cases chart">Bangladesh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bangladesh_medical_cases_by_division" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bangladesh medical cases by division">by division</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bhutan_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bhutan medical cases">Bhutan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bhutan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bhutan medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Brunei_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Brunei medical cases chart">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases">Cambodia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases_summary" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases summary">summary</a></li></ul></li> <li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mainland_China_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mainland China medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mainland_China_medical_cases_map_(dots)" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mainland China medical cases map (dots)">confirmed per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns_in_mainland_China" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China">lockdowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/China_medical_cases_by_province" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/China medical cases by province">by province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Hong_Kong_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Hong Kong medical cases chart">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Macau_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Macau medical cases chart">Macau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cyprus_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cyprus medical cases chart">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/East_Timor_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/East Timor medical cases chart">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Egypt_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Egypt medical cases chart">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Georgia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Georgia medical cases chart">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/India_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/India medical cases chart">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Indonesia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Indonesia medical cases">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Indonesia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Indonesia medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iran_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iran medical cases">Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iran_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iran medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iraq_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iraq medical cases chart">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Israel_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel medical cases">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Israel_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Japan_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Japan medical cases">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Japan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Japan medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Jordan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Jordan medical cases chart">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kazakhstan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kazakhstan medical cases chart">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kuwait_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kuwait medical cases chart">Kuwait cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kyrgyzstan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kyrgyzstan medical cases chart">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Laos_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Laos medical cases">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Lebanon_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Lebanon medical cases chart">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malaysia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malaysia medical cases">Malaysia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malaysia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malaysia medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Charts_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Charts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">charts</a></li></ul></li> <li>Myanmar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Myanmar_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Myanmar medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Myanmar_medical_cases_summary" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Myanmar medical cases summary">summary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nepal_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nepal medical cases">Nepal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nepal_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nepal medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Oman_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Oman medical cases">Oman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Oman_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Oman medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Pakistan_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Pakistan medical cases">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Pakistan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Pakistan medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines medical cases">Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines" title="Template:COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines">areas of quarantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_vaccinations_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines vaccinations chart">vaccinations chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Qatar_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Qatar medical cases chart">Qatar</a></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Russia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Russia medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Russia_medical_cases_by_federal_subject" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Russia medical cases by federal subject">by federal subject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Saudi_Arabia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Saudi Arabia medical cases chart">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Singapore_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Singapore medical cases chart">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Korea_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Korea medical cases">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Korea_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Korea medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:South_Korea_COVID-19_vaccination_charts" title="Template:South Korea COVID-19 vaccination charts">vaccinations charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sri_Lanka_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sri Lanka medical cases chart">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Syria_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Syria medical cases chart">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Taiwan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Taiwan medical cases chart">Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taiwan_COVID-19_vaccination_charts" title="Template:Taiwan COVID-19 vaccination charts">vaccination charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Tajikistan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Tajikistan medical cases chart">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Thailand_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Thailand medical cases chart">Thailand cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Arab_Emirates_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Arab Emirates medical cases">United Arab Emirates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Arab_Emirates_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Arab Emirates medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uzbekistan_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uzbekistan medical cases">Uzbekistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uzbekistan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uzbekistan medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Vietnam_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Vietnam medical cases chart">Vietnam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam_statistics_charts" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam statistics charts">statistics charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Yemen_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Yemen medical cases chart">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Europe_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Europe medical cases chart">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Albania_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Albania medical cases chart">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Austria_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Austria medical cases">Austria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Austria_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Austria medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Belarus_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Belarus medical cases chart">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Belgium_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Belgium medical cases">Belgium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Belgium_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Belgium medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bosnia and Herzegovina medical cases chart">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bulgaria_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bulgaria medical cases">Bulgaria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bulgaria_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bulgaria medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Croatia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Croatia medical cases chart">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cyprus_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cyprus medical cases chart">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Czech_Republic_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Czech Republic medical cases chart">Czech Republic</a></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Denmark_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Denmark medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Faroe_Islands_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Faroe Islands medical cases chart">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Estonia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Estonia medical cases chart">Estonia cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Finland_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Finland medical cases chart">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/France_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/France medical cases">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/France_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/France medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Germany_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Germany medical cases chart">Germany cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Greece_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Greece medical cases chart">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Hungary_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Hungary medical cases chart">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iceland_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iceland medical cases">Iceland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iceland_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iceland medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Republic_of_Ireland_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Republic of Ireland medical cases">Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Republic_of_Ireland_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Republic of Ireland medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Italy_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Italy medical cases">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Italy_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Italy medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Italy_statistics_charts" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Italy statistics charts">statistics charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Italy_vaccinations_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Italy vaccinations chart">vaccinations chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kosovo_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kosovo medical cases chart">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Latvia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Latvia medical cases chart">Latvia cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Lithuania_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Lithuania medical cases chart">Lithuania cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Luxembourg_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Luxembourg medical cases chart">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malta_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malta medical cases chart">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Moldova_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Moldova medical cases chart">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Monaco_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Monaco medical cases chart">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Montenegro_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Montenegro medical cases chart">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Netherlands_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Netherlands medical cases chart">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/North_Macedonia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/North Macedonia medical cases chart">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Norway_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Norway medical cases">Norway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Norway_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Norway medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Poland_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Poland medical cases">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Poland_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Poland medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Poland_medical_cases_by_voivodeship" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Poland medical cases by voivodeship">by voivodeship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Portugal_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Portugal medical cases">Portugal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Portugal_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Portugal medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Romania_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Romania medical cases">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Romania_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Romania medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Russia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Russia medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Russia_medical_cases_by_federal_subject" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Russia medical cases by federal subject">by federal subject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/San_Marino_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/San Marino medical cases chart">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Serbia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Serbia medical cases chart">Serbia</a></li> <li>Slovakia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Slovakia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Slovakia medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Slovakia_medical_cases_by_region" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Slovakia medical cases by region">by region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Slovenia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Slovenia medical cases chart">Slovenia cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Spain_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Spain medical cases chart">Spain cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sweden_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sweden medical cases">Sweden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sweden_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sweden medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Switzerland_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Switzerland medical cases chart">Switzerland cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ukraine_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ukraine medical cases chart">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Kingdom_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Kingdom medical cases">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Gibraltar_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Gibraltar medical cases chart">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Kingdom_vaccinations_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Kingdom vaccinations chart">vaccinations chart</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Kingdom_vaccinations_daily_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Kingdom vaccinations daily chart">daily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Kingdom_vaccinations_weekly_by_nation_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Kingdom vaccinations weekly by nation chart">by nation</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Vatican_City_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Vatican City medical cases chart">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Australia_cases_by_state/territory" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Australia cases by state/territory">Australia by state/territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Fiji_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Fiji medical cases chart">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/French_Polynesia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/French Polynesia medical cases chart">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/New_Caledonia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/New Caledonia medical cases chart">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/New_Zealand_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/New Zealand medical cases chart">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Papua_New_Guinea_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Papua New Guinea medical cases chart">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Solomon_Islands_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Solomon Islands medical cases chart">Solomon Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Antarctica_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Antarctica medical cases chart">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Diamond_Princess_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Diamond Princess medical cases">Diamond Princess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anti-Chinese_sentiment_(Sinophobia)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Template:Anti-Chinese sentiment"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Template talk:Anti-Chinese sentiment"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-Chinese sentiment"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anti-Chinese_sentiment_(Sinophobia)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Anti-Chinese sentiment</a> (Sinophobia)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coolie" title="Coolie">Coolie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Peril" title="Yellow Peril">Yellow Peril</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_emigration" title="Chinese emigration">Chinese emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Unparalleled_Invasion" title="The Unparalleled Invasion">The Unparalleled Invasion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationalism" title="Japanese nationalism">Japanese nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism_in_Japan" title="Ethnic nationalism in Japan">Minzoku</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-Sinicization" title="De-Sinicization">De-Sinicization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By persecutor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriaan_Valckenier" title="Adriaan Valckenier">Adriaan Valckenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Bryant" title="Andrew Jackson Bryant">Andrew Jackson Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Kearney" title="Denis Kearney">Denis Kearney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Tojo" title="Hideki Tojo">Hideki Tojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pol_Pot" title="Pol Pot">Pol Pot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaek_Phibunsongkhram" title="Plaek Phibunsongkhram">Plaek Phibunsongkhram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Mainland_China_conflict" title="Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Chinese_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Chinese Indians">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_Chinese_Indonesians" title="Discrimination against Chinese Indonesians">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_Japan" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment in Japan">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Japan" title="Racism in Japan">Racism in Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinophobia#Laos_and_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinophobia">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinophobia#Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinophobia">Malaysia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Malaysia" title="Racism in Malaysia">Racism in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuanan_Melayu" title="Ketuanan Melayu">Ketuanan Melayu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinophobia#Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinophobia">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Chinese_people_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Persecution of Chinese people in Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinophobia#Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinophobia">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinophobia#Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinophobia">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#Taiwan" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinophobia#Laos_and_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinophobia">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_the_United_States" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Initiative" title="China Initiative">China Initiative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinophobia#Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinophobia">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By institution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_Union" title="Anti-Chinese Union">Anti-Chinese Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Exclusion_League" title="Asiatic Exclusion League">Asiatic Exclusion League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Brotherhood_of_Railway_Employees" title="Canadian Brotherhood of Railway Employees">Canadian Brotherhood of Railway Employees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Khas" title="Tsagaan Khas">Tsagaan Khas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyoku_dantai" title="Uyoku dantai">Uyoku dantai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By incident</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sangley_Rebellion" title="Sangley Rebellion">Sangley Rebellion</a> (1603)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Sangley_Rebellion_(1639)" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Sangley Rebellion (1639)">2nd Sangley Rebellion (1639)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangley_Massacre_(1662)" title="Sangley Massacre (1662)">Sangley Massacre (1662)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1740_Batavia_massacre" title="1740 Batavia massacre">1740 Batavia massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1782_Saigon_massacre" title="1782 Saigon massacre">1782 Saigon massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckland_Riot" class="mw-redirect" title="Buckland Riot">Buckland Riot</a> (1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambing_Flat_riots" title="Lambing Flat riots">Lambing Flat riots</a> (1860–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Coolie_Act" title="Anti-Coolie Act">Anti-Coolie Act</a> (1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_massacre_of_1871" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese massacre of 1871">Chinese massacre of 1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigtail_Ordinance" title="Pigtail Ordinance">Pigtail Ordinance</a> (1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_Act_of_1875" title="Page Act of 1875">Page Act of 1875</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout_Creek_Outrage" title="Trout Creek Outrage">Trout Creek Outrage</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_riot_of_1877" title="San Francisco riot of 1877">San Francisco riot of 1877</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_head_tax" title="New Zealand head tax">New Zealand head tax</a> (1881–1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Exclusion_Act" title="Chinese Exclusion Act">Chinese Exclusion Act</a> (1882–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_Chinese_Immigration_(1885)" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration (1885)">Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration (1885)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Immigration_Act_of_1885" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Immigration Act of 1885">Chinese Immigration Act of 1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Squak_Valley_Chinese_laborers,_1885" title="Attack on Squak Valley Chinese laborers, 1885">Attack on Squak Valley Chinese laborers, 1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issaquah_riot_of_1885" class="mw-redirect" title="Issaquah riot of 1885">Issaquah riot of 1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacoma_riot_of_1885" title="Tacoma riot of 1885">Tacoma riot of 1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Springs_massacre" title="Rock Springs massacre">Rock Springs massacre</a> (1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1885_Chinese_expulsion_from_Eureka" title="1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka">1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_head_tax_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese head tax in Canada">Chinese head tax in Canada</a> (1885–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_riot_of_1886" title="Seattle riot of 1886">Seattle riot of 1886</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancouver_anti-Chinese_riots,_1886" class="mw-redirect" title="Vancouver anti-Chinese riots, 1886">Vancouver anti-Chinese riots, 1886</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hells_Canyon_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Hells Canyon Massacre">Hells Canyon Massacre</a> (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Act_(1888)" title="Scott Act (1888)">Scott Act (1888)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geary_Act" title="Geary Act">Geary Act</a> (1892–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Colliery_Co_of_British_Columbia_v_Bryden" title="Union Colliery Co of British Columbia v Bryden">Union Colliery Co of British Columbia v Bryden</a> (1899)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Australia_policy" title="White Australia policy">White Australia policy</a> (1901–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancouver_anti-Asian_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Vancouver anti-Asian riots">Vancouver anti-Asian riots</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beipu_uprising" title="Beipu uprising">Beipu uprising</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre%C3%B3n_massacre" title="Torreón massacre">Torreón massacre</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Kudus_riot" title="1918 Kudus riot">1918 Kudus riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_deportations_of_Chinese_people" title="Soviet deportations of Chinese people">Soviet deportations of Chinese people</a> (1920s–1930s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Immigration_Act,_1923" title="Chinese Immigration Act, 1923">Chinese Immigration Act, 1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanpaoshan_Incident" title="Wanpaoshan Incident">Wanpaoshan Incident</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> (1937-1945) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanking_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanking Massacre">Nanking Massacre</a> (1937–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanshitou_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanshitou Massacre">Nanshitou Massacre</a> (1942-1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Alls_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Alls Policy">Three Alls Policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sook Ching massacre">Sook Ching massacre</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changkiao_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Changkiao massacre">Changkiao massacre</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Office_213/926" title="Home Office 213/926">Home Office 213/926</a> (1945–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bersiap" title="Bersiap">Bersiap</a> (1945–1947) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mergosono_massacre" title="Mergosono massacre">Mergosono massacre</a> (1947)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislation_on_Chinese_Indonesians" title="Legislation on Chinese Indonesians">Legislation on Chinese Indonesians</a> (1950s-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Confession_Program" title="Chinese Confession Program">Chinese Confession Program</a> (1956–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Chinese-Indians" title="Internment of Chinese-Indians">Internment of Chinese-Indians</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_race_riots_in_Singapore" title="1964 race riots in Singapore">1964 race riots in Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mass_killings_of_1965%E2%80%9366" title="Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66">Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_anti-Chinese_riots_in_Burma" title="1967 anti-Chinese riots in Burma">1967 anti-Chinese riots in Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monosodium_glutamate#Controversy" title="Monosodium glutamate">Monosodium glutamate controversy (Chinese restaurant syndrome)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_May_incident_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="13 May incident (Malaysia)">13 May incident (Malaysia)</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_race_riots_of_Singapore" title="1969 race riots of Singapore">1969 race riots of Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malari_incident" title="Malari incident">Malari incident</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a> (1975–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Banjarmasin_riot" title="1997 Banjarmasin riot">1997 Banjarmasin riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1998_riots_of_Indonesia" title="May 1998 riots of Indonesia">May 1998 riots of Indonesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Nuku%CA%BBalofa_riots" title="2006 Nukuʻalofa riots">2006 Nukuʻalofa riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abacus_Federal_Savings_Bank#Prosecution_and_exoneration" title="Abacus Federal Savings Bank">Abacus Bank prosecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kunming_bus_bombings" title="2008 Kunming bus bombings">2008 Kunming bus bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2009_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_riots" title="July 2009 Ürümqi riots">July 2009 Ürümqi riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Kashgar_attacks" title="2011 Kashgar attacks">2011 Kashgar attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Amendment" title="Wolf Amendment">Wolf Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Tiananmen_Square_attack" title="2013 Tiananmen Square attack">2013 Tiananmen Square attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Vietnam_anti-China_protests" title="2014 Vietnam anti-China protests">2014 Vietnam anti-China protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Kunming_attack" title="2014 Kunming attack">2014 Kunming attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2014_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_attack" title="April 2014 Ürümqi attack">April 2014 Ürümqi attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2014_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_attack" title="May 2014 Ürümqi attack">May 2014 Ürümqi attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Plaza_Low_Yat_riot" title="2015 Plaza Low Yat riot">2015 Plaza Low Yat riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Aksu_colliery_attack" title="2015 Aksu colliery attack">2015 Aksu colliery attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_tariffs" title="Trump tariffs">Trump tariffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence_Cold_War" title="Artificial Intelligence Cold War">Artificial Intelligence Cold War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Initiative" title="China Initiative">China Initiative</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">COVID-19 pandemic incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Atlanta_spa_shootings" title="2021 Atlanta spa shootings">2021 Atlanta spa shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Solomon_Islands_unrest" title="2021 Solomon Islands unrest">2021 Solomon Islands unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Papua_New_Guinean_unrest" title="2024 Papua New Guinean unrest">2024 Papua New Guinean unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boycotts_of_Chinese_products" title="Boycotts of Chinese products">Boycotts of Chinese products</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By victim</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chae_Chan_Ping_v._United_States" title="Chae Chan Ping v. United States">Chae Chan Ping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fong_Yue_Ting_v._United_States" title="Fong Yue Ting v. United States">Fong Yue Ting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_v._Hurley" title="Tape v. Hurley">Mary Tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Wong_Kim_Ark" title="United States v. Wong Kim Ark">Wong Kim Ark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yick_Wo_v._Hopkins" title="Yick Wo v. Hopkins">Yick Wo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Vincent_Chin" title="Killing of Vincent Chin">Vincent Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ita_Martadinata_Haryono" title="Ita Martadinata Haryono">Ita Martadinata Haryono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Xuesen" title="Qian Xuesen">Qian Xuesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velma_Demerson" title="Velma Demerson">Velma Demerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wen_Ho_Lee" title="Wen Ho Lee">Wen Ho Lee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Anming_Hu" title="Trial of Anming Hu">Anming Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Danny_Chen" title="Suicide of Danny Chen">Danny Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Ee_Lee" title="Murder of Ee Lee">Ee Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Gu" title="Eileen Gu">Eileen Gu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Feng_Tao" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Feng Tao">Franklin Feng Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_Chen_(engineer)" title="Gang Chen (engineer)">Gang Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haoyang_Yu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haoyang Yu (page does not exist)">Haoyang Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jiansheng_Chen" title="Murder of Jiansheng Chen">Jiansheng Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayang_Fan" title="Jiayang Fan">Jiayang Fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immolation_of_Leung_Chi-cheung" class="mw-redirect" title="Immolation of Leung Chi-cheung">Leung Chi-cheung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Mi_Gao_Huang_Chen" title="Murder of Mi Gao Huang Chen">Mi Gao Huang Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Chen_(hydrologist)" title="Sherry Chen (hydrologist)">Sherry Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teoh_Beng_Hock" title="Teoh Beng Hock">Teoh Beng Hock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoxing_Xi#False_accusation_of_spying" title="Xiaoxing Xi">Xiaoxing Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Yao_Pan_Ma" title="Killing of Yao Pan Ma">Yao Pan Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Michelle_Go" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Michelle Go">Michelle Go</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slurs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinaman" title="Chinaman">Chinaman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinaman%27s_chance" title="Chinaman's chance">Chinaman's chance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese,_Japanese,_dirty_knees" title="Chinese, Japanese, dirty knees">Chinese, Japanese, dirty knees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ching_chong" title="Ching chong">Ching chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chink" title="Chink">Chink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locust_(ethnic_slur)" title="Locust (ethnic slur)">Locust/Wongchung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shina_(word)" title="Shina (word)">Shina/Zhina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sick_man_of_Asia" title="Sick man of Asia">Sick man of Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_imperialism" title="Chinese imperialism">Chinese imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_nationalism" title="Hong Kong nationalism">Hong Kong nationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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