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The Role of Nanoparticle Shape in Nanomedicine – Nanotechnology
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id="primary"> <main class="site-main" id="main"> <article id="post-76" class="post-76 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-nanomedicine tag-antibacterial-nanomedicines tag-cubic-nanoparticles tag-nanomedicine tag-nanoparticle tag-pharmacokinetics" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <div class="featured-image page-header-image-single "> <img width="1200" height="628" src="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/The-Role-of-Nanoparticle-Shape-in-Nanomedicine-34-min-scaled-e1725646760913.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">The Role of Nanoparticle Shape in Nanomedicine</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="updated" datetime="2024-09-06T23:49:28+05:30" itemprop="dateModified">September 6, 2024</time><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-03T11:38:09+05:30" itemprop="datePublished">September 3, 2024</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://nanotechnology.blog/archive/author/nanotechnology/" title="View all posts by nanotechnology" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">nanotechnology</span></a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The discipline of nanomedicine is in its development stage, and once developed, it can bring drastic changes in the arena of medicine through accurate targeting, better carrying capacity, and the fewest side effects. An important aspect that has an impact on the effectiveness of nanomedicine is the geometry of the nanoparticles. Nanoparticle geometry and size are critical in modulating the behaviour of nanoparticles in biosystems and, hence, cell uptake, biodistribution, and, in general, the therapeutic index. It becomes important to understand how these factors are affected by nanoparticle shape for the better development of nanomedicines. Thus, the article focuses on the concept of nanoparticle shape in nanomedicine and elaborates on the shapes listed in the first point, their behaviour concerning cells and tissue, and their potential for further development in medicine.</span></p> <h3><b>Understanding Nanoparticle Shapes</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Nanoparticles can be prepared in different structures, such as spherical, rod, cube, and any format in the shape of stars, flowers, and so on. The physical and chemical attributes of each shape are different, as are the biological effects. For example, spherical nanoparticles are typically used to become ideal for synthesis, and their properties are clearly stated. However, non-spherical nanoparticles have revealed manipulated proficiency in particular applications because of the increased surface area as well as altered interactions with cells.</span></p> <h4><b>Spherical Nanoparticles</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Among all types of nanoparticles applied in nanomedicine, spherical NPs are the most widespread due to their regular geometry, which provides controlled dispersion in bio environments. Due to their isotropic properties, optimal interaction with cellular membranes is achieved; therefore, they are used in drug delivery systems, imaging, and diagnosing. Yet, they can sometimes be restricted in what they can do compared to shapes of higher complexity.</span></p> <h4><b>Rod-Like Nanoparticles</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Nanorods are elongated structures that offer a larger surface area-to-volume ratio relative to spherical nanoparticles. This increased surface area may prove useful in terms of cellular uptake as well as drug loading capacity. The optical properties of nanorods are also different from those of other types of nanoparticles, allowing for their use in photothermal therapies, diagnostic procedures, and other related uses. They are long-shaped, so they can have better penetration into tissues; this should be considered a plus for certain types of cancer.</span></p> <h4><b>Cubic and Polyhedral Nanoparticles</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Among all the nanoparticles, cubic and polyhedral ones are preferable because of the presence of multiple facets with many binding sites for targeting moieties or drugs. These shapes can improve the stability and practical loading of the therapeutic agents. Also, their smooth edges and corners are likely to affect cellular uptake mechanisms, which in turn enhance the local delivery of therapeutic agents to certain cellular sub-compartments.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Yearwise Publication Trend on <b>“<a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/publication-trends/index/nanomedicine" target="_blank" title="nanomedicine - yearwise publication trends">nanomedicine</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div><div class="results-container"><div class="chart-block" style="padding:15px;"> <div class="left"> <div id="results" class="results"></div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="chart-container"><canvas id="publicationChart"></canvas></div> </div> <div class="keywordsdiv"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publication trends on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-stats"></span> </div> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"><style> table { margin: 0 0 1.5em; 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Shapes entering cells also have distinct behaviours of engaging with cellular membranes and influencing the internalisation step as well as intracellular transport. For instance, spherical NPs are internalised more efficiently by cells because they cause a lower degree of membrane deformation. Similar to spherical ones, the cubical and cylindrical nanoparticles are internalised more slowly as compared with the spherical ones, though they can penetrate deeper into tissues because of their morphology.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It has been identified that in the course of the assorted types of nanoparticles interacting with the cellular membranes, the orientation in which the nanorods make contact with the membranes determines how they will be internalised. The internalisation of nanorods is more efficient when they are parallel to the membrane as compared to nanorods oriented perpendicular to the membrane. This suggests that the uptake depends on orientation; therefore, shape plays a key role in creating good nanomedicine.</span></p> <h3><b>Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetics</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">They added that, besides size, shape is another factor that affects the biodistribution of nanoparticles within the body. Drug nanoparticles have to transport across biological barriers such as the vasculature, tissue, and cell layers to reach the desired sites. Particle size determines the rate and extent of circulation within the body and the rate at which particles are cleared from the body.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Spherical nanoparticles generally have longer half-lives because they do not readily opsonize and are cleared quickly by the RES. Whereas, the nanoparticles in the form of rod-like structures are removed relatively rapidly because the elongated particle shape is easier to identify for the RES and eliminate. However, due to their three-dimensional structure, it is also possible to apply passive targeting to some tissues, for instance, tumor tissues, since long nanoscale particles can penetrate better.</span></p> <h3><b>Therapeutic Efficacy and Targeting</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Indeed, the morphology of the nanoparticles is a key determinant of their therapeutic potential and ability to target specific tissues. Nanoparticles with unusual shapes, like nanorods, ovals, or polyhedrals, can increase the loading and release characteristics of drugs and thus the therapeutic effect. For instance, it indicates that with a larger surface area, nanorods can help achieve better-controlled release of the drugs, which minimises dosage and increases the chances of patients’ compliance.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In addition, enhanced geometries of nanoparticles, such as those that are non-spherical, can enhance active targeting by presenting several target binding sites. Thus, this multivalency contributes to the high specificity and affinity of nanoparticles to the target cells or tissues, thus improving the accuracy of drug delivery and decreasing side effects.</span></p> <h3><b>Future Directions and Challenges</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Thus, the impact of nanoparticle shape in nanomedicine is clearly defined, yet several issues have to be addressed to fully unleash this potential. An important problem beyond the synthesis of spherical nanoparticles is the reproducibility of the formation of nanoparticles with the desired shapes and sizes. These problems are still a challenge, and researchers are now looking into template synthesis and self-assembling methods for the fabrication of nanoscale structures.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Furthermore, knowledge about the relationship between nanoparticles and biological processes on the molecular level is important for their proper engineering. This entails cross-disciplinary studies that have materials science, biology, and medicine as the critical components. These interactions can be studied with the help of modern methods in imaging and analysis, including cryo-electron microscopy and single particle tracking, which can inform more efficient nanomedicines.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Recent Publications on <b>“<a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/recent-publications/index/nanomedicine" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="nanomedicine - yearwise publication list">nanomedicine</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div> <div class="pb-main"><div class="article-scroll"><div id="results_recent" class="results"></div></div><div class="keywordsdiv" style="margin: 0px 15px;margin-top:20px;"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publications on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-papers"></span> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"> <style> .pb-main{ border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .author-main { border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .publication-block { padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .publication-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #000!important; } .publication-block a { font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 1em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; color: #000; padding: 0px; } .publication-block a:hover{ color: #227cdc; text-decoration:underline; } .article-scroll { max-height: 445px; overflow-y: auto; overflow-x: hidden; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-track { -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 6px; background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background-color: #ababab; 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publicationBlock.innerHTML = publicationHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(publicationBlock); }); } function displayKeywordPapers(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-papers'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/recent-publications/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - publication list">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var recent_papers = [ { "title": "Reactive oxygen species produced by photodynamic therapy enhance docosahexaenoic acid lipid peroxidation and induce the death of breast cancer cells.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38850743", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Advancements in nanomedicine: Precision delivery strategies for male pelvic malignancies - Spotlight on prostate and colorectal cancer.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38788248", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Light-driven rGO\/CuO tubular nanomotor with active targeted drug delivery for combination treatment of cancer cells.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38888740", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "A robotic system for automated chemical synthesis of therapeutic agents.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38894709", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Induction of antigen-specific immunity by mesoporous silica nanoparticles incorporating antigen peptides.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38890051", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Democratizing FLASH Radiotherapy.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38880543", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Targeted inhibition of pyroptosis a carbonized nanoinhibitor for alleviating drug-induced acute kidney injury.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38764416", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Clinical translation of nanomedicine with integrated digital medicine and machine learning interventions.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38897022", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Designing functionalized nanodiamonds with hyaluronic acid-phospholipid conjugates for enhanced cancer cell targeting and fluorescence imaging capabilities.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38855987", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Advanced nanomedicines and immunotherapeutics to treat respiratory diseases especially COVID-19 induced thrombosis.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38899301", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Plant Virus-Like Particles for RNA Delivery.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38907930", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Hydroxyethyl starch-based self-reinforced nanomedicine inhibits both glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant pathways to boost reactive oxygen species-powered immunotherapy.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38897030", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Advanced Nanomedicine Approaches for Myocardial Infarction Treatment.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38952676", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Facile synthesis of elastin nanogels encapsulated decursin for castrated resistance prostate cancer therapy.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38956125", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Nanospheres for curcumin delivery as a precision nanomedicine in cancer therapy.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38958210", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Neuroprotective macromolecular methylprednisolone prodrug nanomedicine prevents glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy and osteoporosis in a rat model of spinal cord injury.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38960364", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Size-Dependent Glioblastoma Targeting by Polymeric Nanoruler with Prolonged Blood Circulation.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38959052", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Transition-Metal-Oxide-Based Nanozymes for Antitumor Applications.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38930266", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Tumor microenvironment reprogramming improves nanomedicine-based chemo-immunotherapy in sarcomas.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38940284", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Acid-Responsive Decomposable Nanomedicine Based on Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging\/Chemotherapy Combined Tumor Theranostics.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38931943", "publishedDate": "2024" } ]; var keywordsArray = ["Nanoparticle shape","nanomedicine","cellular uptake","biodistribution","therapeutic efficacy","drug delivery","nanorods","spherical nanoparticles","cubic nanoparticles","pharmacokinetics"]; displayResults_recent(recent_papers); displayKeywordPapers(keywordsArray); // function stripslashes(str) { // if (typeof str === 'string') { // return str.replace(/\/g, ''); // } // } </script></p> <h3><b>Conclusion</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The shape of nanoparticles has been seen as a major determinant in the field of nanomedicine, especially in the aspects of cell internalisation, targeting, drug delivery speed, and effectiveness. It is well worth noting that most of the spherical NPs have been investigated and employed, but non-spherical NPs like nanorods, cubes, or polyhedrons have some privileges that, if implemented, can improve the efficacy of nanomedicines. The advanced key in nanomedicine specifically focuses on the control and understanding of the shape of nanoparticles for enhancing the effectiveness of the treatment of numerous</span></p> <p></p> <h3><b>References</b></h3> <ol> <li>Kinnear, C., Moore, T.L., Rodriguez-Lorenzo, L., Rothen-Rutishauser, B. and Petri-Fink, A., 2017. <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00194">Form follows function: nanoparticle shape and its implications for nanomedicine</a>. <i>Chemical reviews</i>, <i>117</i>(17), pp.11476-11521.</li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Kumar V, Bayda S, Hadla M, Caligiuri I, Russo Spena C, Palazzolo S, Kempter S, Corona G, Toffoli G, Rizzolio F. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26031628/">Enhanced Chemotherapeutic Behavior of Open-Caged DNA@Doxorubicin Nanostructures for Cancer Cells.</a> J Cell Physiol. 2016 Jan;231(1):106-10. doi: 10.1002/jcp.25057. 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PMID: 30972963.</div> <div class="citation-actions"></div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Oran D, Rodriques SG, Gao R, Asano S, Skylar-Scott MA, Chen F, Tillberg PW, Marblestone AH, Boyden ES. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30545883/">3D nanofabrication by volumetric deposition and controlled shrinkage of patterned scaffolds.</a> Science. 2018 Dec 14;362(6420):1281-1285. doi: 10.1126/science.aau5119. 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Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/34080.</li> </ol> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Top Experts on “<b style="color:#000;font-size:22px;">nanomedicine</b>“</h2> </div> </div><div class="author-main"><div id="results_author"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="register-button" href="https://nanotechnology.blog/expert-search" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Find experts on any field</a></div></div><div class="inside-article" style="background: none;border: none;box-shadow: none;margin-top: -70px;"> <style> .author-block { padding: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: left; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.2; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .author-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #227cdc; } .author-block p { margin: 5px 0; } .author-b { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom:10px; } .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 30%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left; background: #dcdcdc; padding: 7px 14px; border-radius: 5px; margin-top: 3px; margin-right: 10px; } @media (max-width: 768px) { .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 100%; margin: 10px 0; } } </style> <script> function displayResults_author(authors) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_author'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!authors || Object.keys(authors).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No authors found.</p>'; return; } Object.values(authors).slice(0, 10).forEach(author => { if (author.affiliation.length > 400) { return; } var authorBlock = document.createElement('div'); authorBlock.className = 'author-block'; var author_name=author.name; let key_replace = author_name.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); var authorHTML = ` <h3><a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/author/index/${key_replace}\/${author.aid}" target="_blank" title="${author.name}">${author.name}</a></h3> <div class="author-b"> <div class="ainfo"><strong>H-Index:</strong> ${author.hindex}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Publication Count:</strong> ${author.paper_count}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Citation Count:</strong> ${author.citation_count}</div> </div> <p><strong>Affiliation:</strong> ${author.affiliation}</p> `; authorBlock.innerHTML = authorHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(authorBlock); }); } function displayKeywordAuthors(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-authors'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach(key => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://nanotechnology.blog/expert-search/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key}">${key}</a>`; }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var authors_data = { "eonrKowBWBy50K-rNjIB": { "aid": "eonrKowBWBy50K-rNjIB", "name": "Jianlin Shi", "citation_count": 64136, "hindex": 136, "paper_count": 848, "affiliation": "Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. 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", "email": "gaohuile@scu.edu.cn", "slug_tail": "huile-gao" }, "N0QNK4wBWBy50K-rwn7U": { "aid": "N0QNK4wBWBy50K-rwn7U", "name": "Changsheng Zhao", "citation_count": 14635, "hindex": 65, "paper_count": 348, "affiliation": "College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China. 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