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data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&returnto=Inginerie&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu" class=""><span>Creare cont</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Inginerie&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Autentificare</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Vizualizare sursă pentru „Inginerie”</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Adăugare limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Inginerie" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Inginerie" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Inginerie"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inginerie&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="selected collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inginerie&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inginerie&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. 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Acest motor cu fascicul este expus la Universitatea Tehnică din Madrid]]. [[Fișier:Steam engine in action.gif|thumb|Animația unui motor cu abur, orizontal, cu dublă acțiune, cu regulator centrifugal.]] '''Ingineria''' reprezintă aplicarea cunoștințelor [[Știință|științifice]], [[matematică inginerească |matematice]] și a experienței practice pentru a crea obiecte și procese utile<ref name=EngineeringMethod>{{cite web |url=https://issues.org/penumbra-engineering-perspective-hammack-anderson/ |title=Working in the Penumbra of Understanding |last1=Hammack |first1=William |last2=Anderson |first2=John |date=February 16, 2022 |website=[[Issues in Science and Technology]] |publisher=[[National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine]] and [[Arizona State University]] |access-date=August 3, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803142849/https://issues.org/penumbra-engineering-perspective-hammack-anderson/ |archive-date=August 3, 2023 |quote=The method used by engineers to create artifacts and systems—from cellular telephony, computers and smartphones, and GPS to remote controls, airplanes, and biomimetic materials and devices—isn’t the same method scientists use in their work. The scientific method has a prescribed process: state a question, observe, state a hypothesis, test, analyze, and interpret. It doesn’t know what will be discovered, what truth will be revealed. In contrast, the engineering method aims for a specific goal and cannot be reduced to a set of fixed steps that must be followed. }}</ref> pentru a rezolva probleme tehnice, de creștere eficiente a productivității și subdomenii care includ proiectarea și îmbunătățirea [[Infrastructură|infrastructurii]], mașinilor, vehiculelor, [[Electronică|electronicelor]], materialelor și sistemelor energetice<ref>definition of "engineering" from the https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216234801/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ |date=February 16, 2021 }} Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary © Cambridge University</ref>.Persoanele ce se ocupă cu ingineria sunt numite [[inginer]]i. Ingineria este aplicarea cunoașterii științifice, economice, sociale, practice asupra realitații materiale și/sau sociale in vederea proiectării, executării, intreținerii, modificării unor structuri și/sau ansamble care să fie capabile să furnizeze/genereze rezultate, produse, procese și/sau efecte predefinite și/sau conforme unor așteptări predictibile și/sau controlabile. ==Etimologie== Cuvântul ''inginerie'' are ca origine cuvântul [[Latină|latinesc]] ''ingeniare'', „a născoci”.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering Engineering - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]</ref> ==Activitate științifică== Ingineria este o activitate riguroasă de conceptualizare și de realizare a lucrărilor de artă funcțională și de construcție de ansambluri structurale, mecanice, chimice, electrice, electromecanice, electronice sau [[Mecatronică|mecatronice]], activitatea executându-se potrivit regulilor artei și a unei rigori științifice. Principiile pe care se sprijină ingineria și metodologia sa sunt eminamente logice. ==Ramuri principale ale ingineriei== Ingineria este o disciplină largă care este deseori divizată în mai multe ramuri principale. Astfel, se deosebesc: ingineria chimică, ingineria civilă, ingineria electrică, [[ingineria mecanică]] și bioingineria. ===Ingineria chimică=== Ingineria chimică utilizează principiile chimiei, fizicii, matematicii, biologiei și [[Științe economice|științelor economice]] pentru a realiza procese chimice pe scară comercială, de exemplu fabricarea produselor chimice, rafinarea petrolului, microfabricarea, fermentarea etc. Articol principal : [[Inginerie chimică]] ===Ingineria civilă=== Ingineria civilă se ocupă de construirea lucrărilor publice și private, de exemplu lucrări de infrastructură (aeroporturi, șosele, căi ferate, alimentări cu apă), poduri, tuneluri, baraje și clădiri. În mod obișnuit este considerată separat de ingineria militară. Articol principal : [[Inginerie civilă]] ===Ingineria electrică=== Ingineria electrică constă în studiul, proiectarea, fabricarea și aplicarea echipamentelor, dispozitivelor și sistemelor electrice și electronice care utilizează electricitatea, electronica și electromagnetismul. Domeniile de aplicare sunt foarte variate, de exemplu circuite electrice, [[Generator electric|generatoare electrice]], [[Motor electric|motoare electrice]], radioteleviziune, dispozitive electromagnetice/electromecanice, electronică și dispozitive electronice, circuite electronice, fibre optice, dispozitive optoelectronice, telecomunicații, sisteme de control. Articol principal : [[Electrotehnică]] ===Ingineria mecanică=== [[inginerie mecanică |Ingineria mecanică]] este o ramură a ingineriei care combină principiile ingineriei fizice și matematicii cu știința materialor, pentru proiectarea, analiza, fabricarea și mentenanța sistemelor mecanice. Exemple de aplicare sunt aeronave și produse aerospațiale, produse de transport, motoare, compresoare, turbine, lanțuri cinematice, echipamente de izolare a vibrațiilor, robotică, echipamente audio și mecatronică. Articol principal : [[Inginerie mecanică]] ==Vezi și== {{Coloane-listă|colwidth=30em| * [[Construcții]] * [[Electrotehnică]] * [[Energetică]] * [[Istoria locomotivei]] * [[Ecologie]] * [[Informatică]] * [[Ingineria calculatoarelor|Calculatoare]] * [[Inginerie software|Software]] * [[Inginerie electronică|Electronică]] * [[Arhitectura|Arhitectură]] * [[Mecatronică]] * [[Inginerie industrială|Industrială]] * [[Știința materialelor]] * [[Geotehnică]] * [[Miner|Minieră]] * [[Hidrotehnică]] * [[Motor cu abur]] * [[Aeronautică]] * [[Inginerie mecanică]] * [[Petrochimie]] * [[Agrotehnică|Agricol]] * [[Mecatronică]]([[Robotică]]) * [[Ingineria mediului]] * [[Inginerie civilă]] * [[Asociația Generală a Inginerilor din România]] (AGIR) * [[Federația Europeana a Asociațiilor Naționale de Ingineri]] * [[Listă de ingineri români]] }} ==Note== <references /> == Lectură suplimentară == * Blockley, David (2012). Engineering: a very short introduction. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957869-6. * Dorf, Richard, ed. (2005). The Engineering Handbook (2 ed.). Boca Raton: CRC. ISBN 978-0-8493-1586-2. * Billington, David P. (1996). The Innovators: The Engineering Pioneers Who Made America Modern (New ed.). Wiley. 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