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.mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-main,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb-header{background-color:#302f2d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-inner{background-color:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpb-category-box{background-color:#0a0a0a}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-main,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb-header{background-color:#302f2d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-inner{background-color:#2e2505}}</style><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_personal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/25px-Crystal_personal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/38px-Crystal_personal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/50px-Crystal_personal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="70"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography">Biography</a><span class="wpb-nested-task-force">: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography/Science_and_academia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography/Science and academia">Science and Academia</a></span> </td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_personal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/60px-Crystal_personal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/90px-Crystal_personal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/120px-Crystal_personal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="70"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944"/></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography">WikiProject Biography</a></b>, a collaborative effort to create, develop and organize Wikipedia's articles about people. All interested editors are invited to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography/Members" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography/Members">join the project</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Biography" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Biography">contribute to the discussion</a>. For instructions on how to use this banner, please refer to the <a href="/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Biography/doc" title="Template:WikiProject Biography/doc">documentation</a>.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Biography</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Biography</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">biography articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taskforce icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg/25px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article is supported by <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography/Science_and_academia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography/Science and academia">the science and academia work group</a></b>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/18px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/27px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/36px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Christianity" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Christianity">Christianity</a><span class="wpb-nested-task-force">: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Arminianism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Arminianism">Arminianism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Christianity/Methodism_work_group" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Christianity/Methodism work group">Methodism</a></span> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-high">High‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/50px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/75px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/100px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"/></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Christianity" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Christianity">WikiProject Christianity</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Christianity">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Christianity</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Christianity</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Christianity</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Christianity articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-high"><a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_Christianity_articles" title="Category:High-importance Christianity articles">High</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>High-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Christianity/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Christianity/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Arminius_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taskforce icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/James_Arminius_2.jpg/19px-James_Arminius_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="19" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/James_Arminius_2.jpg/29px-James_Arminius_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/James_Arminius_2.jpg/39px-James_Arminius_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="400"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article is supported by <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Arminianism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Arminianism">WikiProject Arminianism</a></b> (assessed as <a href="/wiki/Category:Top-importance_Arminianism_articles" title="Category:Top-importance Arminianism articles">Top-importance</a>).</td></tr><tr><td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Wesley_clipped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taskforce icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/John_Wesley_clipped.png/20px-John_Wesley_clipped.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/John_Wesley_clipped.png/31px-John_Wesley_clipped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/John_Wesley_clipped.png/40px-John_Wesley_clipped.png 2x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="349"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article is supported by <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Christianity/Methodism_work_group" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Christianity/Methodism work group">Methodism work group</a></b> (assessed as <a href="/wiki/Category:Low-importance_Methodism_work_group_articles" title="Category:Low-importance Methodism work group articles">Low-importance</a>).</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Socrates.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/16px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/25px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/32px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Philosophy" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy">Philosophy</a><span class="wpb-nested-task-force">: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Philosophy/Philosophers" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy/Philosophers">Philosophers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Philosophy/Religion" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy/Religion">Religion</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Philosophy/Medieval" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy/Medieval">Medieval</a></span> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-low">Low‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Socrates.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/50px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/75px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/100px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/18px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/27px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/36px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500"/></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philosophy" title="Portal:Philosophy">Philosophy portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Philosophy" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy">WikiProject Philosophy</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of content related to <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to support the project, please visit the project page, where you can get more details on how you can help, and where you can join the <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Philosophy" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Philosophy">general discussion</a></b> about philosophy content on Wikipedia.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Philosophy</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Philosophy</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Philosophy articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-low"><a href="/wiki/Category:Low-importance_Philosophy_articles" title="Category:Low-importance Philosophy articles">Low</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Low-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Philosophy/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" class="wpb-collapsed-notes"><table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" class="wpb-collapsed-head">Associated task forces:</th></tr><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-gutter" style="min-width:50px"><span class="wpb-iefix">/ </span></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_dot_dark_red.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taskforce icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Location_dot_dark_red.svg/15px-Location_dot_dark_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Location_dot_dark_red.svg/23px-Location_dot_dark_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Location_dot_dark_red.svg/30px-Location_dot_dark_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Philosophy/Philosophers" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Philosophy/Philosophers">Philosophers</a></td></tr><tr><td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_dot_dark_red.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taskforce icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Location_dot_dark_red.svg/15px-Location_dot_dark_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Location_dot_dark_red.svg/23px-Location_dot_dark_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Location_dot_dark_red.svg/30px-Location_dot_dark_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2"><a 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If you would like to participate, visit the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Netherlands" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Netherlands">project page</a> where you can join the project or contribute to the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Netherlands" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Netherlands">discussion</a>.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Netherlands</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Netherlands</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Netherlands</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Netherlands articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Religious_syms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/25px-Religious_syms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/38px-Religious_syms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/50px-Religious_syms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="768"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Religion" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Religion">Religion</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-top">Top‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Religious_syms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/80px-Religious_syms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/120px-Religious_syms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/160px-Religious_syms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="768"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/31px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/47px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/62px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"/></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <i><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Religion" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Religion">WikiProject Religion</a></b></i>, a project to improve Wikipedia's articles on <b><a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religion</a></b>-related subjects. Please participate by editing the article, and help us <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Religion/Assessment" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Religion/Assessment">assess and improve</a> articles to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_a_good_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:What is a good article">good</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team" title="Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team">1.0</a> standards, or visit the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Religion" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Religion">wikiproject page</a> for more details.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Religion</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Religion</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Religion</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Religion articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-top"><a href="/wiki/Category:Top-importance_Religion_articles" title="Category:Top-importance Religion articles">Top</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Top-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Religion/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Religion/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><table class="plainlinks tmbox tmbox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paper-notes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Paper-notes.svg/40px-Paper-notes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Paper-notes.svg/60px-Paper-notes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Paper-notes.svg/80px-Paper-notes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>Jacobus Arminius</b> received a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Peer_review" title="Wikipedia:Peer review">peer review</a> by Wikipedia editors, which is now <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Peer_review/Jacobus_Arminius/archive1" title="Wikipedia:Peer review/Jacobus Arminius/archive1">archived</a></b>. It may contain ideas you can use to improve this article.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br/> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Untitled" data-mw-thread-id="h-Untitled"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Untitled"></span>Untitled<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Untitled"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Jacobus_Arminius&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Untitled"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I could not find an article on Arminius and felt there was a need for one. This needs quite a lot of work to bring it to where it needs to be, but I decided to go ahead and get something started and hope someone else will pitch in. <a href="/wiki/User:Rlvaughn" title="User:Rlvaughn">Rlvaughn</a> 04:07, 5 Dec 2003 (UTC) </p><p>Carl Bangs' biography of Arminius suggests that the correct date for Arminius' birth is probably 1559, not 1560. Also, I would argue that Arminius systematized his views quite carefully. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="NPOV" data-mw-thread-id="h-NPOV"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-NPOV"></span>NPOV<span data-mw-comment-end="h-NPOV"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Jacobus_Arminius&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: NPOV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "fact" that Calvin changed his view on limited atonement is debatable and should be posted as so, or at least referenced. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Philosopher_infobox" data-mw-thread-id="h-Philosopher_infobox-2007-04-06T14:53:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Philosopher_infobox-2007-04-06T14:53:00.000Z"></span>Philosopher infobox<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Philosopher_infobox-2007-04-06T14:53:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Jacobus_Arminius&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Philosopher infobox"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Sarvodaya-2007-04-06T14:53:00.000Z-Philosopher_infobox"></span>Someone (anonymously) added the philosopher infobox to this page. They didn't fill out a lot of the fields, so I added some of the relevant information. But I have some reservations about whether the infobox belongs on this page. Arminius was first and foremost a theologian (academically speaking; in life, he probably would have identified first and foremost as a preacher). His theology certainly touched upon more broadly "philosophical" issues (freedom of the will, relation of church and state, etc.), but his main line of thought it always tied very closely to scriptural interpretation. It is, of course, difficult to define who counts as a "philosopher" in this period, since the term was not used in the 17th century in the same way as today, nor was the discipline of philosophy sharply distinguished from others. But if we put the philosopher infobox here, it should also go on the pages for <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Beza" title="Theodore Beza">Theodore Beza</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">John Knox</a>, and so on. To pull all these thinkers under the heading of philosophy would seem to distort their importance to the new forms of specifically Christian life they shaped. </p><p>What do people think? <a href="/wiki/User:Sarvodaya" title="User:Sarvodaya">Sarvodaya</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jacobus_Arminius#c-Sarvodaya-2007-04-06T14:53:00.000Z-Philosopher_infobox" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">14:53, 6 April 2007 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Sarvodaya-2007-04-06T14:53:00.000Z-Philosopher_infobox"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Sarvodaya-2007-04-06T14:53:00.000Z-Philosopher_infobox"></span> </p> <dl><dd><i><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Wetman-2007-07-08T03:25:00.000Z-Sarvodaya-2007-04-06T14:53:00.000Z"></span>Battle of the Infoboxpeople</i>. Silliness like this doesn't give a good impression of Wikipedia. But you can't reason with these Infoboxpeople: editors with content contribute content. --<a href="/wiki/User:Wetman" title="User:Wetman">Wetman</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jacobus_Arminius#c-Wetman-2007-07-08T03:25:00.000Z-Sarvodaya-2007-04-06T14:53:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">03:25, 8 July 2007 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Wetman-2007-07-08T03:25:00.000Z-Sarvodaya-2007-04-06T14:53:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Wetman-2007-07-08T03:25:00.000Z-Sarvodaya-2007-04-06T14:53:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Tuckerresearch-2008-10-04T21:14:00.000Z-Philosopher_infobox"></span>There needs to be a "theologian infobox." <a href="/wiki/User:Tuckerresearch" title="User:Tuckerresearch">TuckerResearch</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Tuckerresearch" title="User talk:Tuckerresearch">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jacobus_Arminius#c-Tuckerresearch-2008-10-04T21:14:00.000Z-Philosopher_infobox" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">21:14, 4 October 2008 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Tuckerresearch-2008-10-04T21:14:00.000Z-Philosopher_infobox"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Tuckerresearch-2008-10-04T21:14:00.000Z-Philosopher_infobox"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="WikiProject_class_rating" data-mw-thread-id="h-WikiProject_class_rating-2007-11-10T04:09:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-WikiProject_class_rating-2007-11-10T04:09:00.000Z"></span>WikiProject class rating<span data-mw-comment-end="h-WikiProject_class_rating-2007-11-10T04:09:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Jacobus_Arminius&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: WikiProject class rating"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-BetacommandBot-2007-11-10T04:09:00.000Z-WikiProject_class_rating"></span>This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. <a href="/wiki/User:BetacommandBot" title="User:BetacommandBot">BetacommandBot</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jacobus_Arminius#c-BetacommandBot-2007-11-10T04:09:00.000Z-WikiProject_class_rating" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">04:09, 10 November 2007 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-BetacommandBot-2007-11-10T04:09:00.000Z-WikiProject_class_rating"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-BetacommandBot-2007-11-10T04:09:00.000Z-WikiProject_class_rating"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Spelling" data-mw-thread-id="h-Spelling-2009-12-06T01:23:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Spelling-2009-12-06T01:23:00.000Z"></span>Spelling<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Spelling-2009-12-06T01:23:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Jacobus_Arminius&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Spelling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-75.187.87.222-2009-12-06T01:23:00.000Z-Spelling"></span>Is the correct spelling Remonstrace or Remonstrants? <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">unsigned</a> comment added by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/75.187.87.222" title="Special:Contributions/75.187.87.222">75.187.87.222</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:75.187.87.222&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:75.187.87.222 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jacobus_Arminius#c-75.187.87.222-2009-12-06T01:23:00.000Z-Spelling" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">01:23, 6 December 2009 (UTC)</a></span><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-75.187.87.222-2009-12-06T01:23:00.000Z-Spelling"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-75.187.87.222-2009-12-06T01:23:00.000Z-Spelling"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Tuckerresearch-2014-08-04T22:51:00.000Z-75.187.87.222-2009-12-06T01:23:00.000Z"></span>"Remonstrance" is a thing, "Remonstrants" are a group of people. <a href="/wiki/User:Tuckerresearch" title="User:Tuckerresearch">TuckerResearch</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Tuckerresearch" title="User talk:Tuckerresearch">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jacobus_Arminius#c-Tuckerresearch-2014-08-04T22:51:00.000Z-75.187.87.222-2009-12-06T01:23:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">22:51, 4 August 2014 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Tuckerresearch-2014-08-04T22:51:00.000Z-75.187.87.222-2009-12-06T01:23:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Tuckerresearch-2014-08-04T22:51:00.000Z-75.187.87.222-2009-12-06T01:23:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="External_links_modified" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links_modified-2017-12-10T22:01:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_links_modified-2017-12-10T22:01:00.000Z"></span>External links modified<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_links_modified-2017-12-10T22:01:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Jacobus_Arminius&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links modified"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-InternetArchiveBot-2017-12-10T22:01:00.000Z-External_links_modified"></span>Hello fellow Wikipedians, </p><p>I have just modified 3 external links on <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Arminius" title="Jacobus Arminius">Jacobus Arminius</a>. 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