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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Sejarah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zaman_Kolonial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaman_Kolonial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Zaman Kolonial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaman_Kolonial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politik_dan_kerajaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politik_dan_kerajaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Politik dan kerajaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politik_dan_kerajaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daerah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daerah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Daerah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daerah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pengangkutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengangkutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pengangkutan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengangkutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Komunikasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Komunikasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Komunikasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Komunikasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ekonomi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Demografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Demografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kesihatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kesihatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Kesihatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kesihatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pendidikan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pendidikan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pendidikan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pendidikan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Pendidikan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pendidikan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rendah_dan_Menengah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rendah_dan_Menengah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Rendah dan Menengah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rendah_dan_Menengah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Institusi_Tinggi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institusi_Tinggi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Institusi Tinggi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institusi_Tinggi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rwanda</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 239 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-239" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">239 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%8B%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B3" title="ሩዋንዳ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሩዋንዳ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रवांडा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रवांडा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Abkhazia" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رواندا – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رواندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouanda" title="Rouanda – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Rouanda" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rru%C3%A1nda" title="Rruánda – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Rruánda" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رواندا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رواندا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE" title="রুয়ান্ডা – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুয়ান্ডা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रवांडा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रवांडा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BC%8D" title="རུ་ཝན་ཌ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རུ་ཝན་ཌ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Corsica" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رواندا – Arab Maghribi" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="رواندا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maghribi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%88%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%A7" title="ރުވާންޑާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރުވާންޑާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Sorbian Rendah" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbian Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रुवान्डा – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="रुवान्डा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Ρουάντα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρουάντα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruando" title="Ruando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ruando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رواندا – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رواندا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBanda" title="Rûanda – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Rûanda" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwannda" title="Ruwannda – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Ruwannda" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruande" title="Ruande – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ruande" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooandey" title="Rooandey – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Rooandey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubhanda" title="Rubhanda – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Rubhanda" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Kikuya" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BE" title="રવાંડા – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રવાંડા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Cina Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Cina Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A5%B4%EC%99%84%EB%8B%A4" title="르완다 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="르완다" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwanda" title="Ruwanda – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ruwanda" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1" title="Ռուանդա – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուանդա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रुआण्डा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रुआण्डा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Sorbian Atas" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbian Atas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE" title="রুয়ান্ডা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="রুয়ান্ডা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%C3%A6" title="Руандæ – Ossete" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Руандæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossete" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRuwanda" title="IRuwanda – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IRuwanda" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAanda" title="Rúanda – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rúanda" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94" title="רואנדה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רואנדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwandaa" title="Ruwandaa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ruwandaa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1" title="ರುವಾಂಡ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರುವಾಂಡ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="რუანდა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუანდა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urwanda" title="Urwanda – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Urwanda" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roanda" title="Roanda – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Roanda" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F" title="റുവാണ്ട – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റുവാണ്ട" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%81wana" title="Rāwana – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rāwana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="ऱ्वांडा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऱ्वांडा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="რუანდა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რუანდა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رواندا – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رواندا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="روآندا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روآندا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯔꯋꯥꯟꯗꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯋꯥꯟꯗꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9D%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ရဝမ်ဒါနိုင်ငံ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရဝမ်ဒါနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Saxon Rendah" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Saxon Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रुवान्डा – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रुवान्डा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रुवान्डा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रुवान्डा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80" title="ルワンダ – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルワンダ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Frisian Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BE" title="ରୁଆଣ୍ଡା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରୁଆଣ୍ଡା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwaandaa" title="Ruwaandaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ruwaandaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE" title="ਰਵਾਂਡਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਵਾਂਡਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रवाण्डा – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="रवाण्डा" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D8%A7" title="روانڈا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روانڈا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89%D8%A7" title="رونډا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رونډا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9D%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းရဝၢၼ်းတႃႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းရဝၢၼ်းတႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Turki Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Turki Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwantha" title="Ruwantha – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ruwantha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Рванда – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Рванда" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रवाण्डा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रवाण्डा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruand%C3%A4a" title="Ruandäa – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Ruandäa" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱱᱰᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱱᱰᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Sotho Selatan" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Sotho Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Sotho Utara" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Sotho Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanna" title="Ruanna – Sicili" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ruanna" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="රුවන්ඩාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රුවන්ඩාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%8A%D8%A7" title="روانڊا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="روانڊا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRuwanda" title="IRuwanda – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IRuwanda" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwanda" title="Ruwanda – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ruwanda" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="ڕواندا – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕواندا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE" title="உருவாண்டா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருவாண்டா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE" title="రువాండా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రువాండా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="ประเทศรวันดา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศรวันดา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%8B%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B3" title="ሩዋንዳ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሩዋንዳ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwanda" title="Ruwanda – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ruwanda" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D8%A7" title="روانڈا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روانڈا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8B%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رۋاندا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="رۋاندا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruand" title="Ruand – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ruand" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruand%C3%A4n" title="Ruandän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Ruandän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwandaa" title="Ruwandaa – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Ruwandaa" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE" title="卢旺达 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卢旺达" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A2" title="רוואנדע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רוואנדע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%97%BA%E9%81%94" title="盧旺達 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="盧旺達" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE" title="卢旺达 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卢旺达" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwanda" title="Ruwanda – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Ruwanda" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵔⵡⴰⵏⴷⴰ – Tamazight Maghribi Standard" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵔⵡⴰⵏⴷⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maghribi Standard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1037#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rwanda"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Rwanda" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Rwanda" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&oldid=5611873" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Rwanda&id=5611873&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRwanda"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRwanda"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Rwanda"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Rwanda&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1037" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5657302">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6373584">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-b{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republik Rwanda</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span style="font-size:99%;"><span title="Kinyarwanda-language text"><i lang="rw">Repubulika y'u Rwanda</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: rw is deprecated </span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kinyarwanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Kinyarwanda">Kinyarwanda</a>)</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:99%;"><span title="Perancis-language text"><i lang="fr">République du Rwanda</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: fr is deprecated </span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Perancis" title="Bahasa Perancis">Perancis</a>)</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:99%;"><span title="Swahili (bahasa makro)-language text"><i lang="sw">Jamhuri ya Rwanda</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: sw is deprecated </span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Swahili" title="Bahasa Swahili">Swahili</a>)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;"><table class="maptable" style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;width:{{{width1}}};text-align:center;"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Flag_of_Rwanda.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera Rwanda"><img alt="Bendera Rwanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/125px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/188px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/250px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div><div></div></td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;width:auto;text-align:center;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jata Rwanda"><img alt="Jata Rwanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="732" /></a></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Bendera_Rwanda" title="Bendera Rwanda">Bendera</a></td> <td style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;">Jata</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Cogan_kata" title="Cogan kata">Cogan kata</a>: </b>"Ubumwe, Umurimo, Gukunda Igihugu"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">"Perpaduan, Pekerjaan, Patriotisme"</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b><a href="/wiki/Lagu_kebangsaan" title="Lagu kebangsaan">Lagu kebangsaan</a>: </b>"<span title="Kinyarwanda-language text"><span lang="rw" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda_nziza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rwanda nziza (laman tidak wujud)">Rwanda nziza</a></span></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: rw is deprecated </span>"<br />(<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_bahasa_Inggeris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa bahasa Inggeris">bahasa Inggeris</a>: <i lang="en">"Beautiful Rwanda"</i><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: en is deprecated </span>)<br /><span style="position:relative; top:0.2em;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="139" data-mwtitle="Hymne_National_du_Rwanda.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/Hymne_National_du_Rwanda.ogg/Hymne_National_du_Rwanda.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Hymne_National_du_Rwanda.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHymne_National_du_Rwanda.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Location_Rwanda_AU_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lokasi  Rwanda  (biru gelap) – di Afrika  (biru cerah & kelabu gelap) – di Kesatuan Afrika  (biru cerah)"><img alt="Lokasi  Rwanda  (biru gelap) – di Afrika  (biru cerah & kelabu gelap) – di Kesatuan Afrika  (biru cerah)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Location_Rwanda_AU_Africa.svg/250px-Location_Rwanda_AU_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Location_Rwanda_AU_Africa.svg/375px-Location_Rwanda_AU_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Location_Rwanda_AU_Africa.svg/500px-Location_Rwanda_AU_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1300" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:11px;line-height:1.15em;"><span style="font-size:11px;">Lokasi <span style="font-size:2px;"> </span>Rwanda<span style="font-size:8px;"><span class="nowrap">  </span></span>(biru gelap)</span><p style="font-size:11px;text-align:left;margin-left:1.2ex;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:1.15em;">– di <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a><span style="font-size:8px;"><span class="nowrap">  </span></span>(biru cerah & kelabu gelap)<br />– di <a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Afrika" title="Kesatuan Afrika">Kesatuan Afrika</a><span style="font-size:8px;"><span class="nowrap">  </span></span>(biru cerah)</p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Rwanda_-_Location_Map_(2011)_-_RWA_-_UNOCHA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lokasi Rwanda"><img alt="Lokasi Rwanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rwanda_-_Location_Map_%282011%29_-_RWA_-_UNOCHA.svg/250px-Rwanda_-_Location_Map_%282011%29_-_RWA_-_UNOCHA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rwanda_-_Location_Map_%282011%29_-_RWA_-_UNOCHA.svg/375px-Rwanda_-_Location_Map_%282011%29_-_RWA_-_UNOCHA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rwanda_-_Location_Map_%282011%29_-_RWA_-_UNOCHA.svg/500px-Rwanda_-_Location_Map_%282011%29_-_RWA_-_UNOCHA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ibu_negara" title="Ibu negara">Ibu negara</a><div class="ib-country-largest">dan bandar terbesar</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a><br /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Rwanda&params=1_56.633_S_30_3.567_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Peta, gambar udara, dan lain-lain data untuk lokasi ini"><span class="latitude">1°56.633′S</span> <span class="longitude">30°3.567′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Peta, gambar udara, dan lain-lain data untuk lokasi ini">1.943883°S 30.059450°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-1.943883; 30.059450</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_rasmi" title="Bahasa rasmi">Bahasa rasmi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul style=""><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris">Inggeris</a> </li><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Perancis" title="Bahasa Perancis">Perancis</a> </li><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Kinyarwanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinyarwanda">Kinyarwanda</a> </li><li style=""><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Swahili" title="Bahasa Swahili">Swahili</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_etnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpulan etnik">Kumpulan etnik</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul style=""><li style="">85% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutu (laman tidak wujud)">Hutu</a> </li><li style="">14% <a href="/wiki/Tutsi" title="Tutsi">Tutsi</a> </li><li style=""><span class="nowrap">  </span>1% <a href="/wiki/Twa" title="Twa">Twa</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kerajaan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">Republik</a> berperlembagaan berpresiden parti dominan</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5657302"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presiden_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presiden Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Presiden</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Paul Kagame</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perdana_Menteri_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perdana Menteri Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Perdana Menteri</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Ngirente" title="Édouard Ngirente">Édouard Ngirente</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Badan_perundangan" title="Badan perundangan">Badan perundangan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlimen_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parlimen Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Parlimen</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Pertuanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Pertuanan">Dewan Pertuanan</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senat_(Rwanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senat (Rwanda) (laman tidak wujud)">Senat</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Rakyat_(Rwanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewan Rakyat (Rwanda) (laman tidak wujud)">Dewan Rakyat</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Kemerdekaan" title="Kemerdekaan">Kemerdekaan</a> <div class="ib-country-sovereignty">daripada <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5657302"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Kemerdekaan </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 Julai 1962</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Kemasukan ke <a href="/wiki/PBB" class="mw-disambig" title="PBB">PBB</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">18 September 1962</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perlembagaan_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perlembagaan Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Perlembagaan terkini</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">26 Mei 2003</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Keluasan</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Jumlah</div></th><td class="infobox-data">26,338 km<sup>2</sup> (10,169 bt<sup>2</sup>) (<a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_keluasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai negara mengikut keluasan">ke-144</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Perairan_wilayah" title="Perairan wilayah">Perairan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peratusan" title="Peratusan">%</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5.3</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Populasi</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Perkiraan 2015</div></th><td class="infobox-data">11,262,564 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anggaran_penduduk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anggaran penduduk (laman tidak wujud)">ke-76</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Bancian Penduduk 2012</div></th><td class="infobox-data">10,515,973</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Kepadatan" title="Kepadatan">Kepadatan</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">445/km<sup>2</sup> (1,152.5/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/Kepadatan_penduduk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepadatan penduduk">ke-29</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Keluaran_dalam_negara_kasar" title="Keluaran dalam negara kasar">KDNK</a> <span class="ib-country-lang">(<a href="/wiki/Pariti_kuasa_beli" title="Pariti kuasa beli">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2019</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Jumlah</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolar_Geary%E2%80%93Khamis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dolar Geary–Khamis (laman tidak wujud)">$</a>30.068 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$2,444<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Keluaran_dalam_negara_kasar" title="Keluaran dalam negara kasar">KDNK</a> <span class="ib-country-lang">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2019</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">•  Jumlah</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$10.211 bilion</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$830<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Pekali_Gini" title="Pekali Gini">Gini</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2016)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">43.7<br /><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:orange">sederhana</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">HDI</a> <span class="ib-country-lang">(2018)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="color: #0c0; font-size: larger;">▲</span> 0.536<sup id="cite_ref-UNHDR_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:red">rendah</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Senarai negara mengikut Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">157th</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mata_wang" title="Mata wang">Mata wang</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franc_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franc Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Franc Rwanda</a> <br />(<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">RWF</a></code>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Zon_waktu" title="Zon waktu">Zon waktu</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waktu_Universal_Selaras" title="Waktu Universal Selaras">UTC</a>+2</span> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_Afrika_Tengah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waktu Afrika Tengah (laman tidak wujud)">CAT</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lalu_lintas_arah_kiri_dan_kanan" title="Lalu lintas arah kiri dan kanan">Arah memandu</a></th><td class="infobox-data">kanan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kod panggilan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%2B250&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="+250 (laman tidak wujud)">+250</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">Kod ISO 3166</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_3166-2:RW&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 3166-2:RW (laman tidak wujud)">RW</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Domain_peringkat_tinggi_kod_negara" title="Domain peringkat tinggi kod negara">DPT internet</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.rw" title=".rw">.rw</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Republik Rwanda</b> terletak di bahagian tengah <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>. Ia bersempadan dengan <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Congo" title="Republik Demokratik Congo">Republik Demokratik Congo</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>. Kediaman kepada hampir 10 juta penduduk, Rwanda menampung penduduk yang paling padat di <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Benua Afrika</a>, kebanykan mereka bergiat di dalam <a href="/wiki/Pertanian" title="Pertanian">bidang pertanian</a>. Negara ini mempunya tanah yang subur dan daratan yang berbukit bukau. Disebabkan ini, negara in digelar "Bumi dengan Ribuan Bukit-bukau". </p><p>Negara ini telah menerima banyak perhatian dunia disebabkan <a href="/wiki/Pembunuhan_besar-besaran_bangsa_di_Rwanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Pembunuhan besar-besaran bangsa di Rwanda">pembunuhan bangsa beramai-ramai 1994</a> di mana antara 800,000 hingga 1,000,000 orang telah dibunuh. Tiga perempat populasi negara ini hidup di bawah paras kemiskinan antarabangsa iaitu US$1.25 sehari. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5614044">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Sejarah Rwanda</a></div> <p>Tidak diketahui bagaimana kawasan Rwanda Hari ini mula-mula didiami tetapi dijangkakan bahawa manusia berpindah ke kawasan itu mengikuti <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Ais" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaman Ais">Zaman Ais Terakhir</a>, pada <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Neolitik" title="Zaman Neolitik">Zaman Neolitik</a>, 10,000 tahun dahulu. Galian arkeologi telah membongkar bukti bahawa terdapat sekumplan kecil pemburu pada <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Batu" title="Zaman Batu">Zaman Batu</a>, diikuti dengan populasi yang lebih besar pada <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Besi" title="Zaman Besi">Zaman Logam</a> yang menghasilkan lesung dan alat besi. Penduduk awal ini merupakan nenek moyang kepada <a href="/wiki/Kaum_Twa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaum Twa">Kaum Twa</a>, sekumpulan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Asli_Pygmy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Asli Pygmy (laman tidak wujud)">Orang Asli Pygmy</a> iaitu pemburu yang masih hidup di Rwanda hari ini. Akhirnya penduduk kawasan ini bergabung dengan petani berbangsa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangsa_Bantu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangsa Bantu (laman tidak wujud)">Bantu</a> yang datang dari barat yang dikenali sebagai <a href="/wiki/Kaum_Hutu" title="Kaum Hutu">Kaum Hutu</a>. Tarikh yang tepat untuk peristiwa ini tidak dapat dipastikan, tetapi terdapat pendapat menganggarkan pada 700 S.M sehingga permulaan era <a href="/wiki/Kristian" title="Kristian">Kristian</a>, sekitar 1 Masihi. Kaum Hutu yang malas bertani kemudiannya telah di kurangkan bilangannya oleh Kaum Twa dan mula mengambil alih tempat mereka berburu dan memaksa mereka (Kaum Hutu) untuk berundur ke dalam hutan. Kemudian, kumpulan ketiga, iaitu <a href="/wiki/Kaum_Tutsi" title="Kaum Tutsi">Kaum Tutsi</a> yang bekerja sebagai penternak lembu telah berhijrah ke sana. Kaum Tutsi secara umumnya lebih tinggi badannya daripada Kaum Hutu dan Kaum Twa dan berbeza dari segi penampilan fizikal. Tidak diketahui bila dan dari mana Kaum Tutsi ini datang tetapi, terdapat bukti bahawa mereka adalah berasal dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cushitic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cushitic (laman tidak wujud)">Cushitic</a>, iaitu dari "Tanduk Afrika" (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Horn_of_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horn of Africa (laman tidak wujud)">Horn of Africa</a>). </p><p>Banyak kontroversi yang menyelubungi asal-usul pembentukan Rwanda, sebelum kedatangan Orang Eropah, bagaimanapun, Kerajaan Rwanda telah mempertikaikan peranan sejarah Eropah dalam sejarah Rwanda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaman_Kolonial">Zaman Kolonial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Zaman Kolonial" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Zaman Kolonial"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Selepas menandatangani perjanjian dengan cif di kawasan <a href="/wiki/Tanganyika" title="Tanganyika">Tanganyika</a> pada 1884-1885, <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> menuntut Tanganyika, Rwanda dan Burundi sebagai jajahannya. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Adolf_von_G%C3%B6tzen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustav Adolf von Götzen (laman tidak wujud)">Count von Götzen</a> telah berjumpa dengan Tutsi Mwami (raja) buat pertama kali pada tahun 1894, bagaimanapun, dengan bilangan 2500 askar di <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Timur" title="Afrika Timur">Afrika Timur Jerman</a>, Jerman telah membuat sedikit perubahan kepada struktur sosial di kebanyakan kawasan, terutamanya di Rwanda. Selepas kematian Mwami pada tahun 1895, tempoh kekacauan dan pergolakan berlaku. Jerman dan para mubaligh mula masuk ke negara itu melalui Tanganyika pada 1897-1898. </p><p>Kebanyakan masa Jerman ialah melawan pemberontakan di Tanganyika, terutamanya, dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_Maji-maji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang Maji-maji (laman tidak wujud)">Pengganas Maji-maji</a> pada tahun 1905-1907. Pada 14 Mei 1910 Konevensyen Eropah Brussel telah memperbaiki sempadan, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian Congo">Belgian Congo</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrika_Jerman_Timur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrika Jerman Timur (laman tidak wujud)">Afrika Jerman Timur</a> yang melingukungi Tanganyika dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda-Urundi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruanda-Urundi (laman tidak wujud)">Ruanda-Urundi</a>. Pada tahun 1911, Jerman membantu <a href="/wiki/Kaum_Tutsi" title="Kaum Tutsi">Kaum Tutsi</a> pemberontakan <a href="/wiki/Kaum_Hutu" title="Kaum Hutu">Kaum Hutu</a> di kawasan utara Rwanda. </p><p>Pada 1916, semasa Perang Dunia I, Tentera Belgium mendahului dari Congo ke koloni Afrika Timur Jerman. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politik_dan_kerajaan">Politik dan kerajaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Politik dan kerajaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Politik dan kerajaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="box-Kemas_kini plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Ambox_current_red.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Rencana ini perlu <b>dikemas kini</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Sila bantu mengemaskinikan rencana ini bagi mencerminkan peristiwa yang terkini atau maklumat yang baru.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Politik_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politik Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Politik Rwanda</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Kagame.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Kagame.jpg/220px-Kagame.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Kagame.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="231" data-file-height="153" /></a><figcaption>Presiden <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Paul Kagame</a> pada 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>Selepas kemenangan ketenteraan pada julai 1994, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barisan_Patriotik_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barisan Patriotik Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Barisan Patriotik Rwanda</a> telah menubuhkan kerajaan campuran. Pergerakan Demokrasi dan Pembangunan Kebangsaan (Parti Habyarimana yang memulakan dan melaksanakan idealogi pembunuhan beramai-ramai dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coalition_for_the_Defence_of_the_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coalition for the Defence of the Republic (laman tidak wujud)">CDR</a>) (satu lagi pertubuhan kebangsaan Hutu) telah diharamkan, dengan kebnyakan pemimpinnya telah ditangkap. Tidak diketahui samada kini parti Hutu masih dibenarkan di Rwanda. Selepas pembunuhan beramai-ramai pada tahun 1994, RPF (Barisan Petriotik Rwanda) menubuhkan secara rasmi sebuah parti berdsarkan kerajaan campuran. <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Paul Kagame</a> menjadi timbalan presiden. Pada tahun 2000, dia telah dipilih menjadi presiden Rwanda. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Rw-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Rw-map.png/260px-Rw-map.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Rw-map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Peta Rwanda</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daerah">Daerah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Daerah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Daerah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Laman utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayah_di_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayah di Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Wilayah di Rwanda</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_di_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah di Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Daerah di Rwanda</a></div> <p>Rwanda telah dibahagikan kepada 5 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayah_di_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayah di Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Wilayah</a> ([<i>intara</i>] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: teks mempunyai penanda italik (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Ralat_templat_Lang_dan_lang-xx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Ralat templat Lang dan lang-xx (laman tidak wujud)">bantuan</a>)</span>) dan dibahgikan lagi kepada 30 lagi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_di_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah di Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">daerah</a> ([<i>akarere</i>] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: teks mempunyai penanda italik (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Ralat_templat_Lang_dan_lang-xx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Ralat templat Lang dan lang-xx (laman tidak wujud)">bantuan</a>)</span>). Wilayah di Rwanda adalah: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayah_Utara,_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayah Utara, Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Wilayah Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayah_Timur,_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayah Timur, Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Wilayah Timur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayah_Selatan,_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayah Selatan, Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Wilayah Selatan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayah_Barat,_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayah Barat, Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Wilayah Barat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayah_kigali,_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayah kigali, Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Wilayah Kigali</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Geografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geografi_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geografi Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Geografi Rwanda</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Rwanda_sat.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Rwanda_sat.png/220px-Rwanda_sat.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Rwanda_sat.png 1.5x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="216" /></a><figcaption>Imej satelit untuk Kiri yang dijanakan oleh data <a href="/wiki/Grafik_raster" title="Grafik raster">grafik raster</a> yang dibekalkan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koleksi_Peta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koleksi Peta (laman tidak wujud)">Koleksi Peta</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Negara yang kecil ini sedikit kecil daripada negeri <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Syarikat" title="Amerika Syarikat">Amerika Syarikat</a> atau separuh saiz <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> terletak berdekatan Afrika Tengah iaitu beberapa darjah selatan dari <a href="/wiki/Garisan_Khatulistiwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Garisan Khatulistiwa">Garisan Khatulistiwa</a>. ia telah dipisahkan dari <a href="/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Congo" title="Republik Demokratik Congo">Republik Demokratik Congo</a> dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tasik_Kivu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tasik Kivu (laman tidak wujud)">Tasik Kivu</a> dan Lembah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sungai_Rivuvu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sungai Rivuvu (laman tidak wujud)">Sungai Rivuvu</a> dari bahagian barat, ia disempedani di utara oleh <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, dari timur oleh <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> dan dari selatan oleh <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a>. Ibu negaranya, <a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a> terletak di tengah-tengah negara ini. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pengangkutan">Pengangkutan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Pengangkutan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pengangkutan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengangkutan_di_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengangkutan di Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Pengangkutan di Rwanda</a></div> <p>Sistem pengangkutan utama di pusat bandar Rwanda kebanyakannya ialah jaringan jalan raya, terdapat jalan raya berturap diantara pusat bandar Kigali dengan bandar-bandar besar yang lain. Rwanda turut dihubungi dengan jalan raya untuk ke negara <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Timur" title="Afrika Timur">Afrika Timur</a> yang lain . Negara ini mempunyai <a href="/wiki/Lapangan_Terbang_Antarabangsa_Kigali" title="Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Kigali">Lapangan Terbang Antrabangsa</a> di Kigali yang menyediakan satu perkhidmatan domestik dan beberapa destinasi antarabangsa. Di sini tidak terdapat pengangkutan awam air diantara bandar pelabuhan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tasik_Kivu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tasik Kivu (laman tidak wujud)">Tasik Kivu</a> tetapi perkhidmatan berbayar disediakan. Sebilangan besar pelaburan telah dilakukan untuk infrastruktur pengangkutan sejak dari pembunuhan bangsa beramai-ramai pada 1994, dengan bantuan dari <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Syarikat" title="Amerika Syarikat">Amerika Syarikat</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union">Pertubuhan Eropah Bersatu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun">Jepun</a> dan lain-lain. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Rwandair_Express.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rwandair_Express.jpg/200px-Rwandair_Express.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rwandair_Express.jpg/300px-Rwandair_Express.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rwandair_Express.jpg/400px-Rwandair_Express.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2542" data-file-height="1072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekspres_Rwandair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekspres Rwandair (laman tidak wujud)">Ekspres Rwandair</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Komunikasi">Komunikasi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Komunikasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Komunikasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kegunaan wayar telefon tetap tidak digunakan secara meluas di negara ini. </p><p>Perkhidmatan Kafe Internet ada disediakan, dan kebenyakan dengan harga murah tetapi dengan hubungan yang perlahan. </p><p>Perkhidmatan pos adalah yang paling boleh dipercayai. Sesiapa yang berminat untuk menerima surat mesti mendaftar dan membayar yuran tahunan, peti pos terletak di pejabat pos. </p><p>Terdapat satu saluran televisyen nasional iaitu Rwanda Television. Program malam kebanyakannya mengandungi program berita tempatan yang diulang tayang dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kinyarwanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Kinyarwanda">Bahasa Kinyarwanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris">Bahasa Inggeris</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Perancis" title="Bahasa Perancis">Bahasa Perancis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Ekonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Ekonomi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ekonomi Rwanda terjejas semasa pembunuhan bangsa beramai-ramai pada tahun 1994, dengan jumlah kehilangan nyawa yang banyak, gagal untuk memperbaiki infrastruktur, sumber kewangan pertanian yang dirampas dan terbiar menyebabkan penurunan yang banyak dalam <a href="/wiki/Keluaran_Dalam_Negara_Kasar" class="mw-redirect" title="Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar">KDNK</a> dan memusnahkan kebolehan negara ini untuk menarik minat sektor swasta dan asing dalam pelaburan. Kebelakangan ini, ekonomi negara ini telah menjadi semakin baik, dengan KNK per-kapita (<a href="/wiki/Pariti_Kuasa_Beli" class="mw-redirect" title="Pariti Kuasa Beli">PKB</a>) dianggarkan pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolar_Geary-Khamis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dolar Geary-Khamis (laman tidak wujud)">$</a>951 pada 2008, dibandingkan dengan $390 pada 1994. Antara pasaran eksport utamanya ialah China, Jerman, Amerika Syarikat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Demografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demografi_di_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demografi di Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Demografi di Rwanda</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Agama di Rwanda</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Rwandan_children_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Rwandan_children_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg/250px-Rwandan_children_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Rwandan_children_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg/375px-Rwandan_children_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Rwandan_children_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg/500px-Rwandan_children_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Kanak-kanak di Rwanda.</figcaption></figure><p> Kebanyakan orang Rwanda berckap menggunakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Kiryawanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Kiryawanda (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Kiryawanda</a> , salah satu dari bahasa rasmi negara ini, di bandar pula, kebnyakan penduduk menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Swahili" title="Bahasa Swahili">Bahasa Swahili</a>. Penduduk Rwanda yang terpelajar menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Perancis" title="Bahasa Perancis">Bahasa Perancis</a> dan (pada tahun 2008)5% penduduk menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris">Bahasa Inggeris</a>. Pada tahun 2008, kerajaan Rwanda mengumumkan bhawa Bahasa Inggeris akan menjadi nehasa rasmi yang kedua bagi bangsa ini selepas Bahasa Kinyarwanda menggantikan Bahasa Perancis. Mereka juga telah menukar bahasa pelajaran dari Bahasa Perancis kepada Bahasa Inggeris, dan mengarahkan supaya pegawai kerajaan supaya mempelajarinya. Ini adalah salah satu usaha untuk membolehkan Rwanda menjadi sebahagian daripada komuniti ekonomi global-Bahasa Inggeris dan Bahasa Swahili akan menjadi bahasa utama di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komuniti_Afrika_Timur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komuniti Afrika Timur (laman tidak wujud)">Komuniti Afrika Timur</a>-tapi semua ini sebenarnye adalah disebabkan tempoh pertengkelihan yang panjang diantara Presiden Kagame dan Perancis di sebabkan mereka menyalahkan Perancis ke atas pembunuhan bangsa beramai-ramai pada 1994. Pecahan Etnik di negara 10 juta penduduk ini secara kasarnya 84% berbangsa Hutu, 15% Tutsi dan 1% Twa, dengan bahagian yang lebih kecil dari <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tenggara" title="Asia Tenggara">Asia Tenggara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Arab" title="Bangsa Arab">Bangsa Arab</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangsa_Perancis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangsa Perancis (laman tidak wujud)">Bangsa Perancis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangsa_British&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangsa British (laman tidak wujud)">Bangsa British</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangsa_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangsa Belgium (laman tidak wujud)">Bangsa Belgium</a>. </p><div class="barbox tleft" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Agama di Rwanda</a><sup id="cite_ref-DOS_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">agama</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">peratus</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Katolik" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Katolik">Roman Katolik</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Purple; width:56.5%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">56.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:37.1%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">37.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Green; width:4.6%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">4.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"> <a href="/wiki/Atheism" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheism">Tidak Ada Agama</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Yellow; width:1.7%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">1.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_Peribumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama Peribumi (laman tidak wujud)">Peribumi</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Orange; width:0.1%; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">0.1%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div><p>Kebanyakan orang Rwanda adalah beragama Kristian, dengan pertambahan yang banyak selepas pembunuhan bangsa beramai-ramai pada 1994. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kesihatan">Kesihatan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bahagian: Kesihatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kesihatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kesuburan dalam kelahiran adalah enam bagi setiap wanita. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pendidikan">Pendidikan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bahagian: Pendidikan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pendidikan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kadar graduan berijazah adalah 74% pada tahun 2004. Perbelanjaan awam adalah pada tahap 3.8% dalam KDNK dalam tahun 2002-2005. Sebilangan besar penduduk Rwanda adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buta_Huruf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buta Huruf (laman tidak wujud)">Buta Huruf</a>, kebanyakannya wanita. Pendidikan awam peringkat rendah telah dijadikan percuma. <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kinyarwanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Kinyarwanda">Bahasa Kinyarwanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Perancis" title="Bahasa Perancis">Bahasa Perancis</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris">Bahasa Inggeris</a> diajar secara umum. Rwanda juga mempunyai beberapa buah universiti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rendah_dan_Menengah">Rendah dan Menengah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bahagian: Rendah dan Menengah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rendah dan Menengah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_Sekolah_di_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai Sekolah di Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Senarai Sekolah di Rwanda</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Institusi_Tinggi">Institusi Tinggi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bahagian: Institusi Tinggi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Institusi Tinggi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terdapat 20 tempat pendidikan tinggi di Rwanda, 6 daripadanya awam dan 14 daeripadanya swasta: </p><p><i>Umum</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kigali_Institute_of_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kigali Institute of Science and Technology (laman tidak wujud)">Institut Sains dan Teknologi Kigali</a> (ditubuhkan pada 1998 oleh <a href="/wiki/UNDP" class="mw-redirect" title="UNDP">UNDP</a>) <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National University of Rwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Universiti Kebangsaan Rwanda</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umutara_Polytechnic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umutara Polytechnic (laman tidak wujud)">Politeknik Umutara</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kigali_Institute_of_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kigali Institute of Education (laman tidak wujud)">Institut Pendidikan Kigali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kigali_Health_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kigali Health Institute (laman tidak wujud)">Institut Kesihatan Kigali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_Agriculture_and_Veterinary_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher Agriculture and Veterinary Institute (laman tidak wujud)">Institut Tinggi Agrikultur dan Veterinar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=School_of_Finance_and_Banking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="School of Finance and Banking (laman tidak wujud)">Sekolah Kewangan dan Perbankan</a></li></ul> <p><i>Swasta</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adventist_University_of_Central_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adventist University of Central Africa (laman tidak wujud)">Adventist University of Central Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kigali_Independent_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kigali Independent University (laman tidak wujud)">Kigali Independent University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kigali_Lay_Adventist_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kigali Lay Adventist University (laman tidak wujud)">Kigali Lay Adventist University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gitwe_Institute_of_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gitwe Institute of Education (laman tidak wujud)">Gitwe Institute of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kibungo_University_of_Agriculture,_Technology_and_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kibungo University of Agriculture, Technology and Education (laman tidak wujud)">Kibungo University of Agriculture, Technology and Education</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabgayi_Catholic_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabgayi Catholic University (laman tidak wujud)">Kabgayi Catholic University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butare_Protestant_Theological_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butare Protestant Theological College (laman tidak wujud)">Butare Protestant Theological College</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_College_of_Accountancy_and_Management&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International College of Accountancy and Management (laman tidak wujud)">International College of Accountancy and Management</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyakibanda_Major_Seminary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyakibanda Major Seminary (laman tidak wujud)">Nyakibanda Major Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byumba_Polytechnic_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Byumba Polytechnic Institute (laman tidak wujud)">Byumba Polytechnic Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda_Pentecostal_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rwanda Pentecostal University (laman tidak wujud)">Rwanda Pentecostal University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kigali_Professional_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kigali Professional Institute (laman tidak wujud)">Kigali Professional Institute</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-UN-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UN_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/education/rwandagenocide.shtml">"Rwanda: A Brief History of the Country"</a>. <i>United Nations</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations&rft.atitle=Rwanda%3A+A+Brief+History+of+the+Country&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fpreventgenocide%2Frwanda%2Feducation%2Frwandagenocide.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARwanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=96&pr.y=7&sy=2017&ey=2024&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=714&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC&grp=0&a=">"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"</a>. <i>www.imf.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.imf.org&rft.atitle=Report+for+Selected+Countries+and+Subjects&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2019%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D96%26pr.y%3D7%26sy%3D2017%26ey%3D2024%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D714%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARwanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNHDR-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNHDR_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191209091706/http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/2019-human-development-index-ranking">"Human Development Report 2019"</a> (dalam bahasa Inggeris). <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Development_Programme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Development Programme (laman tidak wujud)">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 10 December 2019. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/2019-human-development-index-ranking">yang asal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> pada 2019-12-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2019&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2019-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fen%2Fcontent%2F2019-human-development-index-ranking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARwanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOS-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DOS_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ms" dir="ltr">Ralat petik: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama <code>DOS</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070408185706/http://www.kist.ac.rw/">"salinan arkib"</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kist.ac.rw/">yang asal</a> pada 2007-04-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2009-12-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=salinan+arkib&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kist.ac.rw%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARwanda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.rw/">Tapak rasmi kerajaan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rwandasafarisguide.com/">Rwanda Safari</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kesatuan_Afrika_(AU)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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title="Angola">Angola</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> <b>·</b></span> <span 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href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a> <b>·</b></span> <span 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Congo</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rwanda</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_dan_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé dan Príncipe">São Tomé dan Príncipe</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Selatan" title="Sudan Selatan">Sudan Selatan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Verde" title="Tanjung Verde">Tanjung Verde</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> </span> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Senarai_negara_dan_wilayah_tanggungan_di_benua_Afrika" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5375175"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Afrika" title="Templat:Afrika"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Afrika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Afrika (laman tidak wujud)"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Afrika&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Senarai_negara_dan_wilayah_tanggungan_di_benua_Afrika" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_negara_dan_wilayah_tanggungan_di_Afrika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai negara dan wilayah tanggungan di Afrika (laman tidak wujud)">Senarai negara dan wilayah tanggungan</a> di benua <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><table class="wikitable" style="margin:0"> <tbody><tr> <td width="15%" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Utara" title="Afrika Utara">Afrika Utara</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Africa-countries-northern.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Africa-countries-northern.svg/50px-Africa-countries-northern.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Africa-countries-northern.svg/75px-Africa-countries-northern.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Africa-countries-northern.svg/100px-Africa-countries-northern.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="420" /></a></span> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Maghribi" title="Maghribi">Maghribi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sahara_Barat" title="Sahara Barat">Sahara Barat</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> </span> </p> </td> <td width="15%" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Barat" title="Afrika Barat">Afrika Barat</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Africa-countries-western.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Africa-countries-western.svg/50px-Africa-countries-western.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Africa-countries-western.svg/75px-Africa-countries-western.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Africa-countries-western.svg/100px-Africa-countries-western.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="420" /></a></span> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> </span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Tengah" title="Afrika Tengah">Afrika Tengah</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Africa-countries-central.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Africa-countries-central.svg/50px-Africa-countries-central.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Africa-countries-central.svg/75px-Africa-countries-central.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Africa-countries-central.svg/100px-Africa-countries-central.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="420" /></a></span> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Guinea_Khatulistiwa" title="Guinea Khatulistiwa">Guinea Khatulistiwa</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Afrika_Tengah" title="Republik Afrika Tengah">Republik Afrika Tengah</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Congo" title="Republik Demokratik Congo">Republik Demokratik Congo</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Congo" title="Republik Congo">Republik Congo</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rwanda</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_dan_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé dan Príncipe">Sao Tome dan Principe</a> </span> </p> </td> <td width="15%" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Timur" title="Afrika Timur">Afrika Timur</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Africa-countries-eastern.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Africa-countries-eastern.svg/50px-Africa-countries-eastern.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Africa-countries-eastern.svg/75px-Africa-countries-eastern.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Africa-countries-eastern.svg/100px-Africa-countries-eastern.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="420" /></a></span> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Habsyah" title="Habsyah">Habsyah</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rwanda</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Selatan" title="Sudan Selatan">Sudan Selatan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> </span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Selatan_Afrika" title="Selatan Afrika">Selatan Afrika</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Africa-countries-southern.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Africa-countries-southern.svg/50px-Africa-countries-southern.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Africa-countries-southern.svg/75px-Africa-countries-southern.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Africa-countries-southern.svg/100px-Africa-countries-southern.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="420" /></a></span> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Afrika_Selatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Afrika Selatan">Republik Afrika Selatan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaziland">Swaziland</a> </span> </p> </td> <td width="15%" align="center"><b>Wilayah tanggungan dan negara tidak diiktiraf</b> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"><b>Wilayah tanggungan di <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> :</b> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Lautan_Hindi_British" title="Wilayah Lautan Hindi British">Wilayah Lautan Hindi British</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">St. Helena</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> <small>(<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>)</small> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Canary" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepulauan Canary">Kepulauan Canary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Sepanyol" title="Sepanyol">Sepanyol</a>)</small> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>)</small> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis">Perancis</a>)</small> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>)</small> </span><br /><b>Negara yang tidak diiktiraf :</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Puntland" title="Puntland">Puntland</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Arab_Sahrawi" title="Republik Demokratik Arab Sahrawi">Republik Demokratik Arab Sahrawi</a> </span> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span style="position:relative; top:0.1em;"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_yang_merentasi_melebihi_satu_benua" title="Senarai negara yang merentasi melebihi satu benua">Sebahagiannya</a> di benua <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>.</span>  <span class="nowrap"><span style="position:relative; top:0.1em;"><sup><small>2</small></sup></span> Status tidak dapat ditentukan.</span>  <span class="nowrap"><span style="position:relative; top:0.1em;"><sup><small>3</small></sup></span> Termasuk jajahan takluk <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Ascension" title="Pulau Ascension">Pulau Ascension</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a>.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1037#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1037#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Kawalan_kewibawaan" title="Bantuan:Kawalan kewibawaan">Kawalan kewibawaan</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1037#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pengecam_Nama_Piawaian_Antarabangsa" title="Pengecam Nama Piawaian Antarabangsa">ISNI</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404581850">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fail_Kewibawaan_Antarabangsa_Maya" title="Fail Kewibawaan Antarabangsa Maya">VIAF</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/80148995963559751782">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/80148995963559751782">WorldCat (melalui VIAF)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan negara</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90857972">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX452324">Sepanyol</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119482632">Perancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119482632">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4076910-0">Jerman</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007552775605171">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81025976">Amerika Syarikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569817">Jepun</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130700&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35469802">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/497_33502">Vatican</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institut penyelidikan seni</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/ed56825f-6b98-478d-907c-519122f0d3c4">KulturNav (Norway)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1212358/">Aplikasi Berfaset Terminologi Subjek</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003461">Kamus Sejarah Switzerland</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/5921efcf-344c-3e55-829d-34fca714fcde">(kawasan)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044269">Arkib Negara (A.S.)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangkaian_Perpustakaan_Switzerland_Barat" title="Rangkaian Perpustakaan Switzerland Barat">RERO (Switzerland)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A000140707">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_Pendokumenan_Universiti" title="Sistem Pendokumenan Universiti">SUDOC (Perancis)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027982610">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/OOHdO1dP">Parlimen U.K.</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&oldid=5611873">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rwanda&oldid=5611873</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Rencana_yang_mengandungi_teks_bahasa_Kinyarwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Kinyarwanda (laman tidak wujud)">Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Kinyarwanda</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Rencana_yang_mengandungi_teks_bahasa_Swahili_(bahasa_makro)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Swahili (bahasa makro) (laman tidak wujud)">Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Swahili (bahasa makro)</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Ralat_templat_Lang_dan_lang-xx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Ralat templat Lang dan lang-xx (laman tidak wujud)">Ralat templat Lang dan lang-xx</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_kawasan_MusicBrainz" 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href="/wiki/Kategori:Laman_dengan_ralat_rujukan" title="Kategori:Laman dengan ralat rujukan">Laman dengan ralat rujukan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sumber_CS1_bahasa_Inggeris_(en)" title="Kategori:Sumber CS1 bahasa Inggeris (en)">Sumber CS1 bahasa Inggeris (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Lang_and_lang-xx_using_deprecated_ISO_639_codes" title="Kategori:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes">Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_yang_mengandungi_teks_bahasa_Perancis" title="Kategori:Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Perancis">Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Perancis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_yang_mengandungi_teks_bahasa_bahasa_Inggeris" title="Kategori:Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa bahasa Inggeris">Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa bahasa Inggeris</a></li><li><a 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rencana Wikipedia yang perlu dikemaskinikan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_ISNI" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan ISNI">Rencana dengan pengenalan ISNI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_VIAF" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan VIAF">Rencana dengan pengenalan VIAF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_BIBSYS" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan BIBSYS">Rencana dengan pengenalan BIBSYS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_BNE" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan BNE">Rencana dengan pengenalan BNE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_BNF" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan BNF">Rencana dengan pengenalan BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_GND" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan GND">Rencana dengan pengenalan GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_J9U" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan J9U">Rencana dengan pengenalan J9U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_LCCN" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan LCCN">Rencana dengan pengenalan LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_NDL" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan NDL">Rencana dengan pengenalan NDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_NKC" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan NKC">Rencana dengan pengenalan NKC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_NLA" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan NLA">Rencana dengan pengenalan NLA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_VcBA" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan VcBA">Rencana dengan pengenalan VcBA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_KULTURNAV" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan KULTURNAV">Rencana dengan pengenalan KULTURNAV</a></li><li><a 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