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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Llywio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hafan" title="Ymweld â'r Hafan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hafan</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Porth_y_Gymuned" title="Pethau i'w gwneud, adnoddau a thudalennau'r gymuned"><span>Porth y Gymuned</span></a></li><li id="n-cafe" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Y_Caffi"><span>Y Caffi</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categori:Materion_cyfoes" title="Gwybodaeth yn gysylltiedig â materion cyfoes"><span>Materion cyfoes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChanges" title="Rhestr y newidiadau diweddar ar y wici. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Newidiadau diweddar</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Random" title="Llwytho tudalen ar hap [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Erthygl ar hap</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Cymorth" title="Tudalennau cymorth"><span>Cymorth</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:SpecialPages"><span>Tudalennau arbennig</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hafan" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wicipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cy.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-cy.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Chwilio</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Chwilio Wicipedia" aria-label="Chwilio Wicipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Arbennig:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Chwilio</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Offer personol"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Newidiwch ymddangosiad maint ffont, lled a lliw y dudalen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gwedd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gwedd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy" class=""><span>Rhoi</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Mwyngloddio" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol" class=""><span>Creu cyfrif</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Mwyngloddio" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mewngofnodi</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Offer personol" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Offer personol</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="Dewislen defnyddiwr" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy"><span>Rhoi</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Cyfrannu</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Mwyngloddio" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creu cyfrif</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Mwyngloddio" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mewngofnodi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tudalennau ar gyfer golygyddion allgofnodedig <a href="/wiki/Cymorth:Cyflwyniad" aria-label="Dysgu mwy am olygu"><span>dysgu mwy</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyTalk" title="Sgwrs ynglŷn â golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Sgwrs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Safle"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cynnwys" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cynnwys</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Y dechrau</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Yr_Hen_Aifft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yr_Hen_Aifft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Yr Hen Aifft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yr_Hen_Aifft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hen_Roeg_a_Rhufain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hen_Roeg_a_Rhufain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Hen Roeg a Rhufain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hen_Roeg_a_Rhufain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hawliau_Dynol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hawliau_Dynol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hawliau Dynol</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hawliau_Dynol-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toglo is-adran Hawliau Dynol</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hawliau_Dynol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Llafur_plant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Llafur_plant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Llafur plant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Llafur_plant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pobloedd_brodorol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pobloedd_brodorol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Pobloedd brodorol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pobloedd_brodorol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Darllen_pellach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Darllen_pellach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Darllen pellach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Darllen_pellach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyfeiriadau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyfeiriadau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cyfeiriadau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyfeiriadau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cynnwys" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Tabl Cynnwys" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toglo'r tabl cynnwys" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toglo'r tabl cynnwys</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mwyngloddio</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ewch i erthygl mewn iaith arall. Ar gael mewn 87 iaith" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-87" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">87 iaith</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mynbou" title="Mynbou - Affricaneg" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mynbou" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Affricaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergbau" title="Bergbau - Almaeneg y Swistir" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bergbau" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg y Swistir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C3%ADa" title="Minería - Aragoneg" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Minería" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تعدين - Arabeg" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعدين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="تامنجميت - Arabeg Moroco" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تامنجميت" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arabeg Moroco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C3%ADa" title="Minería - Astwrianeg" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Minería" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Astwrianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99d%C9%99n" title="Mədən - Aserbaijaneg" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mədən" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaijaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83_%D1%8D%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Тау эше - Bashcorteg" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тау эше" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashcorteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Горная справа - Belarwseg" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Горная справа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Горная справа - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Горная справа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8" title="খনন - Bengaleg" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খনন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mengleuz" title="Mengleuz - Llydaweg" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mengleuz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Llydaweg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudarstvo" title="Rudarstvo - Bosnieg" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rudarstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineria" title="Mineria - Catalaneg" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mineria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%99_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B4%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎦᏙ ᎦᎴᏍᏗ - Tsierocî" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏙ ᎦᎴᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Tsierocî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%9B%C5%BEba" title="Těžba - Tsieceg" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Těžba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsieceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minedrift" title="Minedrift - Daneg" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Minedrift" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Daneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining" title="Mining - Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Mining" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergbau" title="Bergbau - Almaeneg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bergbau" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Μεταλλευτική - Groeg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεταλλευτική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Groeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining" title="Mining - Saesneg" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mining" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minado" title="Minado - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Minado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C3%ADa" title="Minería - Sbaeneg" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Minería" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sbaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaevandamine" title="Kaevandamine - Estoneg" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaevandamine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meatzaritza" title="Meatzaritza - Basgeg" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Meatzaritza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="معدن‌کاری - Perseg" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معدن‌کاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaivannaistoiminta" title="Kaivannaistoiminta - Ffinneg" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaivannaistoiminta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Ffinneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploitation_mini%C3%A8re" title="Exploitation minière - Ffrangeg" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Exploitation minière" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Ffrangeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mianad%C3%B3ireacht" title="Mianadóireacht - Gwyddeleg" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mianadóireacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Gwyddeleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min_(jizman)" title="Min (jizman) - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Min (jizman)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minar%C3%ADa" title="Minaría - Galisieg" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Minaría" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakar_ma%27adinai" title="Hakar ma'adinai - Hawsa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Hakar ma'adinai" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hawsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="כרייה - Hebraeg" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כרייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8" title="खनन - Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खनन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudarstvo" title="Rudarstvo - Croateg" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rudarstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1ny%C3%A1szat" title="Bányászat - Hwngareg" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bányászat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hwngareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE" title="Հանքային գործ - Armeneg" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հանքային գործ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertambangan" title="Pertambangan - Indoneseg" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertambangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indoneseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1mavinnsla" title="Námavinnsla - Islandeg" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Námavinnsla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrazione_mineraria" title="Estrazione mineraria - Eidaleg" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Estrazione mineraria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Eidaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%B1%E6%A5%AD" title="鉱業 - Japaneeg" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鉱業" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japaneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainin" title="Mainin - Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Mainin" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86" title="ಗಣಿಗಾರಿಕೆ - Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಣಿಗಾರಿಕೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EC%97%85" title="광업 - Coreeg" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="광업" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balweyth" title="Balweyth - Cernyweg" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Balweyth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cernyweg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalleutice" title="Metalleutice - Lladin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Metalleutice" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Lladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biergbau" title="Biergbau - Lwcsembwrgeg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Biergbau" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lwcsembwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mienboew" title="Mienboew - Limbwrgeg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mienboew" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limbwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalnakasyba" title="Kalnakasyba - Lithwaneg" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kalnakasyba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithwaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalnr%C5%ABpniec%C4%ABba" title="Kalnrūpniecība - Latfieg" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kalnrūpniecība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latfieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partambangan" title="Partambangan - Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Partambangan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Рударство - Macedoneg" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рударство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ഖനനം - Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഖനനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlombongan" title="Perlombongan - Maleieg" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perlombongan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="သတ္တုတွင်းလုပ်ငန်း - Byrmaneg" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သတ္တုတွင်းလုပ်ငန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Byrmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mijnbouw" title="Mijnbouw - Iseldireg" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mijnbouw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Iseldireg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruvedrift" title="Gruvedrift - Norwyeg Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gruvedrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruvedrift" title="Gruvedrift - Norwyeg Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gruvedrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਖਾਣਕਾਰੀ - Pwnjabeg" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖਾਣਕਾਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pwnjabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B3rnictwo" title="Górnictwo - Pwyleg" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Górnictwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pwyleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="د کانونو استخراج - Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د کانونو استخراج" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minera%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Mineração - Portiwgaleg" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mineração" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portiwgaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerit" title="Minerit - Rwmaneg" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Minerit" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rwmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Горное дело - Rwseg" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Горное дело" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudarstvo" title="Rudarstvo - Serbo-Croateg" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rudarstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining" title="Mining - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mining" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ban%C3%ADctvo" title="Baníctvo - Slofaceg" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Baníctvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slofaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudarstvo" title="Rudarstvo - Slofeneg" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rudarstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slofeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xehetaria" title="Xehetaria - Albaneg" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Xehetaria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Рударство - Serbeg" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рударство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertambangan" title="Pertambangan - Swndaneg" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pertambangan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Swndaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruvdrift" title="Gruvdrift - Swedeg" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gruvdrift" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchimbaji_madini" title="Uchimbaji madini - Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uchimbaji madini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="சுரங்கத் தொழில் - Tamileg" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுரங்கத் தொழில்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88" title="การทำเหมืองแร่ - Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การทำเหมืองแร่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagmimina" title="Pagmimina - Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagmimina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madencilik" title="Madencilik - Tyrceg" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Madencilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Гірнича справа - Wcreineg" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гірнича справа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Wcreineg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کان کنی - Wrdw" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کان کنی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Wrdw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kon_sanoati" title="Kon sanoati - Wsbeceg" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kon sanoati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Wsbeceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khai_th%C3%A1c_m%E1%BB%8F" title="Khai thác mỏ - Fietnameg" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khai thác mỏ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Fietnameg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagmimina" title="Pagmimina - Winarayeg" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pagmimina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Winarayeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A" title="采矿业 - Wu Tsieineaidd" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="采矿业" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tsieineaidd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMayini" title="IMayini - Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IMayini" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A" title="采矿业 - Tsieinëeg" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="采矿业" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tsieinëeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%B2ng-gia%CC%8Dp" title="Khòng-gia̍p - Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khòng-gia̍p" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E6%A5%AD" title="礦業 - Cantoneeg" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="礦業" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantoneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44497#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Golygu dolenni rhyngwici" class="wbc-editpage">Golygu dolenni</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Parthau"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mwyngloddio" title="Gweld y dudalen bwnc [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Erthygl</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sgwrs:Mwyngloddio&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Sgwrsio am y dudalen (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Sgwrs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Newid amrywiad iaith" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cymraeg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Golygon"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mwyngloddio"><span>Darllen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwyngloddio&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Golygu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwyngloddio&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Golygu cod</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwyngloddio&action=history" title="Fersiynau cynt o'r dudalen hon. 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href="/wiki/Arbennig:WhatLinksHere/Mwyngloddio" title="Rhestr o bob tudalen sy'n cysylltu â hon [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Beth sy'n cysylltu yma</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChangesLinked/Mwyngloddio" rel="nofollow" title="Newidiadau diweddar i dudalennau sydd yn cysylltu â hon [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Newidiadau perthnasol</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwyngloddio&oldid=12965763" title="Dolen barhaol i'r fersiwn hwn y dudalen hon"><span>Dolen barhaol</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwyngloddio&action=info" title="Mwy o wybodaeth am y dudalen hon"><span>Gwybodaeth am y dudalen</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CiteThisPage&page=Mwyngloddio&id=12965763&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Gwybodaeth ar sut i gyfeirio at y dudalen hon"><span>Cyfeirio at y dudalen 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gwedd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Oddi ar Wicipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cy" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><caption>Mwyngloddio</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Sulphur_Mining_at_Kawah_Ijen_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sulphur_Mining_at_Kawah_Ijen_3.jpg/220px-Sulphur_Mining_at_Kawah_Ijen_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sulphur_Mining_at_Kawah_Ijen_3.jpg/330px-Sulphur_Mining_at_Kawah_Ijen_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sulphur_Mining_at_Kawah_Ijen_3.jpg/440px-Sulphur_Mining_at_Kawah_Ijen_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span><div>Cloddio am <a href="/wiki/Sylffwr" title="Sylffwr">sylffwr</a> ar ymyl llyn crater <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Ijen, Indonesia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Enghraifft o:</th><td>gweithgaredd economaidd, disgyblaeth academaidd <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44497?uselang=cy#P31" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Math</th><td>exploitation of natural resources <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44497?uselang=cy#P279" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Rhan o</th><td>mwyngloddio a chwarelydda <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44497?uselang=cy#P361" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Yn cynnwys</th><td>prosesu mwynau, echdynnu mwynau <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44497?uselang=cy#P527" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tudalen Comin"><img alt="Tudalen Comin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mining" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mining">Ffeiliau perthnasol ar Gomin Wicimedia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mwyngloddio</b> yw echdynnu <a href="/wiki/Mwyn" title="Mwyn">mwynau</a> gwerthfawr neu ddeunyddiau daearegol eraill o'r Ddaear, fel arfer o wythïen, neu haen o garreg mewn craig. Mae ecsbloetio'r dyddodion hyn yn cael ei wneud er elw <a href="/wiki/Economi" title="Economi">economaidd</a> ac mae'n golygu buddsoddi mewn offer, llafur ac yn yr ynni sydd eu hangen i gloddio, mireinio a chludo'r deunyddiau a geir yn y pwll neu'r fynglawdd i weithgynhyrchwyr a all ddefnyddio'r deunydd. </p><p>Ymhlith y mwynau a fwyngloddir heddiw mae <a href="/wiki/Metel" title="Metel">metelau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glo" title="Glo">glo</a>, siâl olew, <a href="/wiki/Glain" title="Glain">gleiniau gwerthfawr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calchfaen" title="Calchfaen">calchfaen</a>, sialc, <a href="/wiki/Sodiwm_clorid" title="Sodiwm clorid">carreg halen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potash (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">potash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gravel" title="Gravel">graean</a>, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clai (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">chlai</a>. Mae angen mwyngloddio'r rhan fwyaf o ddeunyddiau na ellir eu tyfu trwy <a href="/wiki/Amaeth" title="Amaeth">brosesau amaethyddol</a>, neu eu creu yn <a href="/wiki/Synthesis_cemegol" title="Synthesis cemegol">artiffisial</a> mewn <a href="/wiki/Labordy" title="Labordy">labordy</a> neu <a href="/wiki/Ffatri" title="Ffatri">ffatri</a>. Mae mwyngloddio mewn ystyr ehangach yn cynnwys echdynnu unrhyw <a href="/wiki/Adnodd_anadnewyddadwy" title="Adnodd anadnewyddadwy">adnodd anadnewyddadwy</a> fel <a href="/wiki/Petroliwm" title="Petroliwm">petrolewm</a> neu <a href="/wiki/Nwy_naturiol" title="Nwy naturiol">nwy naturiol</a>. Mae prosesau mwyngloddio modern yn cynnwys chwilio am garreg yn cynnwys y mwyn, dadansoddi potensial <a href="/wiki/Elw" title="Elw">elw</a> mwynglawdd arfaethedig, echdynnu'r deunyddiau dymunol, ac adennill neu adfer y tir yn ar ôl i'r mwynglawdd gau.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Roedd Cymru’n enwog am fwyngloddio <a href="/wiki/Glo" title="Glo">glo</a>, yng <a href="/wiki/Y_Rhondda" title="Y Rhondda">Nghwm Rhondda</a> a ledled <a href="/wiki/Maes_glo_De_Cymru" title="Maes glo De Cymru">maes glo De Cymru</a> ac erbyn 1913 roedd <a href="/wiki/Y_Barri" title="Y Barri">y Barri</a> wedi dod yn borthladd allforio glo mwya'r byd, gyda Chaerdydd yn ail. Roedd gan ogledd-ddwyrain Cymru hefyd ei faes glo ei hun ac mae Glofa'r Tŵr (a gaewyd ym mis Ionawr 2008) ger Hirwaun yn cael ei hystyried gan lawer fel y pwll glo agored hynaf a mwya'r byd. Mae Cymru hefyd wedi cael hanes sylweddol o gloddio am lechi, aur a mwynau metel amrywiol. </p><p>Fil o flynyddoedd cyn dyfod y Rhufeiniaid, arferid cloddio Copr ar y Gogarth, a dyma fwynglawdd copr mwya'r byd; ceir hefyd gwaith plwm <a href="/wiki/Mynydd_Parys" title="Mynydd Parys">Mynydd Parys</a> a'r <a href="/wiki/Diwydiant_copr_Cymru" title="Diwydiant copr Cymru">Sygun</a>. Echdynnwyd symiau sylweddol o <a href="/wiki/Aur" title="Aur">aur</a> a <a href="/wiki/Plwm" title="Plwm">phlwm</a> ers cyfnod y <a href="/wiki/Deceangli" title="Deceangli">Deceangli</a> hefyd ynghyd a <a href="/wiki/Sinc" title="Sinc">sinc</a> ac <a href="/wiki/Arian_(elfen)" title="Arian (elfen)">arian</a>. Cychwynwyd cloddio am <a href="/wiki/Llechfaen" title="Llechfaen">lechi</a> 2,000 o flynyddoedd yn ôl (gweler <a href="/wiki/Diwydiant_llechi_Cymru" title="Diwydiant llechi Cymru">diwydiant llechi Cymru</a>). </p><p>Gall gweithrediadau mwyngloddio greu effaith amgylcheddol negyddol, yn ystod y gweithgaredd mwyngloddio ac ar ôl i'r pwll gau. Felly, mae'r rhan fwyaf o wledydd y byd wedi pasio deddfau a <a href="/wiki/Rheoliad" title="Rheoliad">rheoliadau</a> i leihau'r effaith; fodd bynnag, mae rôl aruthrol mwyngloddio wrth gynhyrchu <a href="/wiki/Busnes" title="Busnes">busnes</a> ar gyfer cymunedau sy'n aml yn <a href="/wiki/Cefn_gwlad" title="Cefn gwlad">wledig</a>, anghysbell neu ddirwasgedig yn economaidd yn golygu y gallai llywodraethau fethu â gorfodi rheoliadau o'r fath yn llawn. Mae diogelwch gwaith wedi bod yn bryder ers tro hefyd, a lle mae gorfodi arferion modern wedi gwella diogelwch mewn pyllau glo yn sylweddol. Ar ben hynny, mae mwyngloddio heb ei reoleiddio neu wedi'i reoleiddio'n wael, yn enwedig mewn economïau sy'n datblygu, yn aml yn cyfrannu at dorri <a href="/wiki/Hawliau_dynol" title="Hawliau dynol">hawliau dynol</a> lleol a gwrthdaro. </p><p>Ers dechrau gwareiddiad, mae pobl wedi defnyddio <a href="/wiki/Craig" title="Craig">carreg</a>, clai ac, yn ddiweddarach, <a href="/wiki/Metel" title="Metel">metelau a</a> ddarganfuwyd yn agos at wyneb y <a href="/wiki/Y_Ddaear" title="Y Ddaear">Ddaear</a> . Defnyddiwyd y rhain i wneud offer ac <a href="/wiki/Arf" title="Arf">arfau</a> cynnar; er enghraifft, defnyddiwyd <a href="/wiki/Callestr" title="Callestr">fflint</a> o ansawdd uchelledled Cymru a gwledydd eraill.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae mwyngloddiau <a href="/wiki/Callestr" title="Callestr">fflint</a> wedi'u darganfod mewn ardaloedd sialc lle'r oedd gwythiennau o'r cerrig yn cael eu dilyn dan ddaear gan siafftiau ac orielau. Mae'r mwyngloddiau yn Krzemionki yn arbennig o enwog, ac fel y rhan fwyaf o fwyngloddiau fflint eraill, maent yn <a href="/wiki/Oes_Newydd_y_Cerrig" title="Oes Newydd y Cerrig">dyddio o'r cyfnod Neolithig</a> (c. 4000–3000 CC). Ond y mwynglawdd hynaf y gwyddys amdano ar gofnod archeolegol yw Mwynglawdd Ngwenya yn <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini (Swaziland)</a>, a brofwyd gan <a href="/wiki/Dyddio_radiocarbon" title="Dyddio radiocarbon">ddyddio radiocarbon</a> di fod tua 43,000 o flynyddoedd oed. Ar y safle hwn bu pobl <a href="/wiki/Hen_Oes_y_Cerrig" title="Hen Oes y Cerrig">Paleolithig</a> yn cloddio <a href="/wiki/Hematit" title="Hematit">hematit</a> i wneud pigment coch o'r enw ocr.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Credir bod mwyngloddo mor hynafol yn <a href="/wiki/Hwngari" title="Hwngari">Hwngari</a>, mewn safleoedd lle gallai <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthaliaid</a> fod wedi cloddio fflint am arfau ac offer.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yr_Hen_Aifft">Yr Hen Aifft</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwyngloddio&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Golygu'r adran: Yr Hen Aifft" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwyngloddio&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Yr Hen Aifft"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Malachite,_Zaire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Malachite%2C_Zaire.jpg/250px-Malachite%2C_Zaire.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Malachite%2C_Zaire.jpg/375px-Malachite%2C_Zaire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Malachite%2C_Zaire.jpg/500px-Malachite%2C_Zaire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1344" /></a><figcaption> Malachite</figcaption></figure> <p>Cloddiai'r <a href="/wiki/Yr_Hen_Aifft" title="Yr Hen Aifft">hen Eifftiaid</a> am <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malachite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malachite (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">malachit</a> ym Maadi.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ar y dechrau, fe ddefnyddio nhw'r cerrig malachit gwyrdd llachar ar gyfer addurniadau a <a href="/wiki/Crochenwaith" title="Crochenwaith">chrochenwaith</a>. Yn ddiweddarach, rhwng 2,613 a 2,494 CC, aethant ar alldeithiau tramor i ardal Wadi Maghareh er mwyn sicrhau mwynau ac adnoddau eraill nad oedd ar gael yn yr Aifft ei hun.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaw_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaw-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Darganfuwyd chwareli cloddio am y lliwiau gwyrddlas a <a href="/wiki/Copr" title="Copr">chopr</a> hefyd yn Wadi Hammamat, Tura, Aswan ac amryw o safleoedd Nubiaidd eraill ym <a href="/wiki/Sinai" title="Sinai">Mhenrhyn Sinai</a> ac yn Timna.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaw_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaw-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Roedd mwyngloddiau aur Nubia ymhlith y mwyaf a'r mwyaf helaeth drwy'r Hen Aifft. Disgrifir y mwyngloddiau hyn gan yr awdur <a href="/wiki/Groegiaid" title="Groegiaid">Groegaidd</a> <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, sy'n sôn am gynnau tân fel un dull a ddefnyddir i dorri i lawr y graig galed sy'n dal yr <a href="/wiki/Aur" title="Aur">aur</a>. Ceir tystiolaeth y defnyddiwyd y dull yma bron i dair mil o flynyddoedd yn ol ym mwyngloddiau copr y Gogarth Mawr. Mae <a href="/wiki/Arsenig" title="Arsenig">arsenig</a> wedi'i gloddio yng nghwm Clun ger <a href="/wiki/Abertawe" title="Abertawe">Abertawe</a> - yr unig fan lle ceir echdynnu masnachol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hen_Roeg_a_Rhufain">Hen Roeg a Rhufain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwyngloddio&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Golygu'r adran: Hen Roeg a Rhufain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwyngloddio&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Hen Roeg a Rhufain"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Dolaucothimap4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Dolaucothimap4.jpg/220px-Dolaucothimap4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Dolaucothimap4.jpg/330px-Dolaucothimap4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Dolaucothimap4.jpg/440px-Dolaucothimap4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="687" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption> Datblygiad Rhufeinig Hynafol <a href="/wiki/Mwynfeydd_aur_Dolaucothi" title="Mwynfeydd aur Dolaucothi">Fwyngloddiau Aur Dolaucothi</a>, Cymru</figcaption></figure> <p>Mae gan gloddio yn Ewrop hanes hir iawn ac yn eu plith mae mwyngloddiau arian Laurium, a fu'n gymorth i godi <a href="/wiki/Dinas-wladwriaeth" title="Dinas-wladwriaeth">prifddinas</a> Groeg, sef <a href="/wiki/Athen" title="Athen">Athen</a>. Er bod ganddynt dros 20,000 o <a href="/wiki/Caethwasiaeth" title="Caethwasiaeth">gaethweision</a> yn gweithio yno, roedd eu technoleg yn ei hanfod yn union yr un fath â'u rhagflaenwyr <a href="/wiki/Oes_yr_Efydd" title="Oes yr Efydd">o'r Oes Efydd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mewn mwyngloddiau eraill, megis ar ynys Thassos, cloddiwyd marmor gan y <a href="/wiki/Paros" title="Paros">Pariaid</a> ar ôl iddynt gyrraedd y <a href="/wiki/7fed_ganrif_CC" title="7fed ganrif CC">7g CC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cludwyd y marmor i bellteroedd byd, gan gynnwys beddrod Amphipolis. Cipiodd <a href="/wiki/Philip_II,_brenin_Macedon" title="Philip II, brenin Macedon">Philip II o Facedon</a>, sef tad <a href="/wiki/Alecsander_Fawr" title="Alecsander Fawr">Alecsander Fawr</a>, fwyngloddiau aur Mynydd Pangeo yn <a href="/wiki/357_CC" title="357 CC">357 CC</a> i ariannu ei ymgyrchoedd milwrol.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cipiodd hefyd fwyngloddiau aur yn Thrace ar gyfer bathu darnau arian, gan gynhyrchu hyd at 26 tunnell y flwyddyn. </p><p>Fodd bynnag, y <a href="/wiki/Rhufain_hynafol" title="Rhufain hynafol">Rhufeiniaid</a> a ddatblygodd ddulliau mwyngloddio ar raddfa fawr, yn enwedig y defnydd enfawr o ddŵr a gludwyd i ben y pwll gan nifer o draphontydd dŵr. Defnyddiwyd y dŵr at amrywiaeth o ddibenion, gan gynnwys cael gwared ar orlwyth a malurion creigiau, ac a elwir yn fwyngloddio hydrolig, yn ogystal â golchi mwynau neu falu'r cerrig crai, a gyrru peiriannau syml. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hawliau_Dynol">Hawliau Dynol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwyngloddio&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Golygu'r adran: Hawliau Dynol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwyngloddio&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Hawliau Dynol"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yn ogystal ag effeithiau amgylcheddol y prosesau o fwyngloddio, ceir beirniadaeth llym ar yr arer o echdynnu ac mae cwmnïau mwyngloddio'n aml yn torri <a href="/wiki/Hawliau_dynol" title="Hawliau dynol">hawliau</a> dynol sy'n digwydd o fewn y safleoedd mwyngloddio a'r <a href="/wiki/Cymuned" title="Cymuned">cymunedau</a> sy'n agos atynt.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yn aml, er eu bod yn cael eu hamddiffyn gan hawliau Llafur Rhyngwladol, ni roddir offer priodol i fwygloddwyr i'w hamddiffyn rhag cwymp creigiau a rhag llygryddion niweidiol a chemegau sy'n cael eu gwasgaru yn ystod y broses o fwyngloddio. Yn aml, ceir diwrnodau gwaith o 14 awr heb unrhyw amser penodedig ar gyfer seibiant.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Llafur_plant">Llafur plant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwyngloddio&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Golygu'r adran: Llafur plant" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwyngloddio&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Llafur plant"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Breaker_Boys_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Breaker_Boys_1.jpg/250px-Breaker_Boys_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Breaker_Boys_1.jpg/330px-Breaker_Boys_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Breaker_Boys_1.jpg/500px-Breaker_Boys_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2280" data-file-height="1592" /></a><figcaption> Bechgyn y 'Breaker' : plant mewn pwll glo yn Ne <a href="/wiki/Pittston,_Pennsylvania" title="Pittston, Pennsylvania">Pittston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, Unol Daleithiau America ar ddechrau'r <a href="/wiki/20g" class="mw-redirect" title="20g">20g</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mae cam drin plant yn destun beirniadaeth eang o fewn y diwydiant mwyngloddio <a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">cobalt</a>, mwyn sy'n hanfodol i bweru technolegau modern megis <a href="/wiki/Gliniadur" title="Gliniadur">batris gliniaduron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ff%C3%B4n_clyfar" title="Ffôn clyfar">ffonau clyfar</a> a <a href="/wiki/Cerbydau_trydan" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerbydau trydan">cherbydau trydan</a>. Mae llawer o'r achosion hyn i'w cael yng <a href="/wiki/Gweriniaeth_Ddemocrataidd_y_Congo" title="Gweriniaeth Ddemocrataidd y Congo">Ngweriniaeth Ddemocrataidd y Congo</a>. Ceir adroddiadau am blant yn cario sachau o gobalt yn pwyso 25 kg o fwyngloddiau bach i fasnachwyr lleol<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - plant sy'n cael eu talu am eu gwaith mewn bwyd a llety yn unig. Mae nifer o gwmnïau fel <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> a <a href="/wiki/Tesla_(cwmni_ceir)" title="Tesla (cwmni ceir)">Tesla</a> wedi bod yn gysylltiedig ag achosion cyfreithiol a gyflwynwyd gan deuluoedd y cafodd eu plant eu hanafu'n ddifrifol neu eu lladd yn ystod gweithgareddau mwyngloddio yn y Congo.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yn Rhagfyr 2019, fe wnaeth 14 o deuluoedd o'r Congo ffeilio achos cyfreithiol yn erbyn Glencore, cwmni mwyngloddio sy'n cyflenwi'r cobalt hanfodol i'r corfforaethau rhyngwladol hyn gan honi esgeulustod a arweiniodd at farwolaethau plant neu anafiadau fel asgwrn cefn wedi torri, trallod emosiynol a llafur gorfodol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pobloedd_brodorol">Pobloedd brodorol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwyngloddio&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Golygu'r adran: Pobloedd brodorol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwyngloddio&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Pobloedd brodorol"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bu achosion hefyd o ladd a gofodi pobl o'u cynefin oherwydd gwrthdaro â chwmnïau mwyngloddio. Roedd bron i draean o 227 o lofruddiaethau yn 2020 yn weithredwyr hawliau pobl frodorol ar reng flaen actifiaeth newid yn yr hinsawdd yn gysylltiedig â logio, mwyngloddio, busnes amaethyddol ar raddfa fawr, argaeau trydan dŵr, a seilwaith arall, yn ôl Global Witness.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Diffinnir y berthynas rhwng pobloedd brodorol a chwmniau mwyngloddio gan frwydrau dros fynediad i diroedd. Yn Awstralia, dywedodd y brodorion Bininj fod mwyngloddio yn fygythiad i'w diwylliant byw ac y gallai ddifetha safleoedd treftadaeth sanctaidd.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ym <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Mrasil</a>, trefnodd mwy na 170 o lwythau brodorol orymdaith i wrthwynebu ymdrechion i dynnu hawliau tir brodorol yn ôl ac agor eu tiriogaethau i waith mwyngloddio.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae Comisiwn y <a href="/wiki/Comisiwn_y_Cenhedloedd_Unedig_ar_Hawliau_Dynol" title="Comisiwn y Cenhedloedd Unedig ar Hawliau Dynol">Cenhedloedd Unedig ar Hawliau Dynol</a> wedi galw ar Oruchaf Lys Brasil i gynnal hawliau tir brodorol er mwyn atal ecsbloetio gan grwpiau mwyngloddio ac amaethyddiaeth ddiwydiannol.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Darllen_pellach">Darllen pellach</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwyngloddio&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Golygu'r adran: Darllen pellach" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwyngloddio&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Darllen pellach"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Woytinsky, W.S., and E.S. Woytinsky (1953). <i>World Population and Production Trends and Outlooks</i>, pp. 749–881</li> <li>Ali, Saleem H. (2003). <i>Mining, the Environment and Indigenous Development Conflicts</i>. Tucson AZ: University of Arizona Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodyn:ISBN%3F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodyn:ISBN? (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Nodyn:ISBN?</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN<span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>missing</span></i>]</sup></li> <li>Ali, Saleem H. (2009). <i>Treasures of the Earth: need, greed and a sustainable future</i>. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodyn:ISBN%3F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodyn:ISBN? (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Nodyn:ISBN?</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN<span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>missing</span></i>]</sup></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEven-Zohar2002" class="citation book">Even-Zohar, Chaim (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fromminetomistre0000chai"><i>From Mine to Mistress: Corporate Strategies and Government Policies in the International Diamond Industry</i></a>. Mining Journal Books. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fromminetomistre0000chai/page/555">555</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-9537336-1-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-9537336-1-3"><bdi>978-0-9537336-1-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Mine+to+Mistress%3A+Corporate+Strategies+and+Government+Policies+in+the+International+Diamond+Industry&rft.pages=555&rft.pub=Mining+Journal+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-9537336-1-3&rft.aulast=Even-Zohar&rft.aufirst=Chaim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffromminetomistre0000chai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMwyngloddio" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8312344">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></li> <li>Geobacter Project: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170308175324/http://www.geobacter.org/press/2001-07-21-economist.pdf">Gold mines may owe their origins to bacteria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a>)</li> <li>Garrett, Dennis. <i>Alaska Placer Mining</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodyn:ISBN%3F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodyn:ISBN? (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Nodyn:ISBN?</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN<span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>missing</span></i>]</sup></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFJayanta2007" class="citation book">Jayanta, Bhattacharya (2007). <i>Principles of Mine Planning</i> (arg. 2nd). Wide Publishing. t. 505. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-81-7764-480-7" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-81-7764-480-7"><bdi>978-81-7764-480-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+Mine+Planning&rft.pages=505&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Wide+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-7764-480-7&rft.aulast=Jayanta&rft.aufirst=Bhattacharya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMwyngloddio" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li>Morrison, Tom (1992). <i>Hardrock Gold: a miner's tale</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/0-8061-2442-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/0-8061-2442-3">0-8061-2442-3</a><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/0-8061-2442-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/0-8061-2442-3">0-8061-2442-3</a></li> <li>John Milne. <i>The Miner's Handbook: A Handy Reference on the subjects of Mineral Deposits (1894) Mining operations in the 19th century.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ty0LAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA95&lpg=PA95&dq=waterways+john+milne&source=bl&ots=jDX1QlJE1A&sig=p7zYWfP1L7Z81bN2QKJeX_H-6MQ&hl=en&ei=vpeqTOOWNcKC8gb5pJirCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false">The Miner's Handbook: A Handy Book of Reference on the Subjects of Mineral Deposits, Mining Operations, Ore Dressing, Etc. For the Use of Students and Others Interested in Mining Matters</a>.</li> <li>Aryee, B., Ntibery, B., Atorkui, E. (2003). "Trends in the small-scale mining of precious minerals in Ghana: a perspective on its environmental impact", <i>Journal of Cleaner Production</i> 11: 131–40.</li> <li>Temple, John (1972). <i><a href="//archive.org/details/miningjohntemple" class="extiw" title="iarchive:miningjohntemple">Mining: An International History</a></i>. Ernest Benn Limited.</li> <li>The Oil, gas and Mining Sustainable Community Development Fund (2009). <i>Social Mine Closure Strategy, Mali</i>.</li> <li>White F. (2020). <i>Miner with a Heart of Gold: biography of a mineral science and engineering educator.</i> Friesen Press, Victoria. <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/9781525577659" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-5255-7765-9</a> (Hardcover), 978-1-5255-7766-6, 978-1-5255-7767-3 (eLyfr).</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awdurdod" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Awdurdod" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Awdurdod" class="mw-redirect" title="Awdurdod">Awdurdod</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4005614-4">4005614-4</a></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F027652.php">027652</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00566173">00566173</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114693&CON_LNG=ENG">ph114693</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cyfeiriadau">Cyfeiriadau</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwyngloddio&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Golygu'r adran: Cyfeiriadau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwyngloddio&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Cyfeiriadau"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAgricolaHoover1950" class="citation book">Agricola, Georg; Hoover, Herbert (1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/deremetallica50agri"><i>De re metallica</i></a>. MBLWHOI Library. New York, Dover Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+re+metallica&rft.pub=New+York%2C+Dover+Publications&rft.date=1950&rft.aulast=Agricola&rft.aufirst=Georg&rft.au=Hoover%2C+Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fderemetallica50agri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMwyngloddio" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hartman, Howard L. <i>SME Mining Engineering Handbook</i>, Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration Inc, 1992, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Swaziland Natural Trust Commission, "Cultural Resources – Malolotja Archaeology, Lion Cavern," Retrieved August 27, 2007, <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221001/http://www.sntc.org.sz/cultural/malarch.asp">"Swaziland National Trust Commission – Cultural Resources – Malolotja Archaeology, Lion Cavern"</a>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sntc.org.sz/cultural/malarch.asp">gwreiddiol</a> ar 2016-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">2016-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swaziland+National+Trust+Commission+%E2%80%93+Cultural+Resources+%E2%80%93+Malolotja+Archaeology%2C+Lion+Cavern&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sntc.org.sz%2Fcultural%2Fmalarch.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMwyngloddio" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002182555/http://www2.asa3.org/archive/asa/199610/0067.html">"ASA – October 1996: Mining and Religion in Ancient Man"</a>. <i>www2.asa3.org</i>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.asa3.org/archive/asa/199610/0067.html">gwreiddiol</a> ar 2018-10-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">2015-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www2.asa3.org&rft.atitle=ASA+%E2%80%93+October+1996%3A+Mining+and+Religion+in+Ancient+Man&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.asa3.org%2Farchive%2Fasa%2F199610%2F0067.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMwyngloddio" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shaw, I. (2000). <i>The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt</i>. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 57–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shaw-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Shaw_6-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Shaw_6-1">6.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Shaw, I. (2000). <i>The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt</i>. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miningreece.com/mining-greece/mining-history/ancient-mines/">"Mining greece ancient mines"</a>. <i>www.miningreece.com</i>. 2014-12-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">2015-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.miningreece.com&rft.atitle=Mining+greece+ancient+mines&rft.date=2014-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miningreece.com%2Fmining-greece%2Fmining-history%2Fancient-mines%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMwyngloddio" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miningreece.com/mining-greece/ancient-quarries-in-thassos/">"Mining Greece Ancient Quarries in Thassos"</a>. <i>www.miningreece.com</i>. 2014-12-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">2015-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.miningreece.com&rft.atitle=Mining+Greece+Ancient+Quarries+in+Thassos&rft.date=2014-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miningreece.com%2Fmining-greece%2Fancient-quarries-in-thassos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMwyngloddio" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miningreece.com/mining-greece/mining-history/the-goldmines-of-alexander-the-great/">"Mining Greece the Goldmines of Alexander the Great"</a>. <i>www.miningreece.com</i>. 2014-12-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">2015-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.miningreece.com&rft.atitle=Mining+Greece+the+Goldmines+of+Alexander+the+Great&rft.date=2014-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miningreece.com%2Fmining-greece%2Fmining-history%2Fthe-goldmines-of-alexander-the-great%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMwyngloddio" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSpohr2016" class="citation book">Spohr, Maximilian (January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031165150/http://www.bmz.de/rue/includes/downloads/BGR_MPFPR__2016__Human_Rights_Risks_in_Mining.pdf"><i>Human Rights Risks in Mining - A Baseline Study</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. BGR. t. 10. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmz.de/rue/includes/downloads/BGR_MPFPR__2016__Human_Rights_Risks_in_Mining.pdf">gwreiddiol</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> ar 2020-10-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Rights+Risks+in+Mining+-+A+Baseline+Study&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=BGR&rft.date=2016-01&rft.aulast=Spohr&rft.aufirst=Maximilian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmz.de%2Frue%2Fincludes%2Fdownloads%2FBGR_MPFPR__2016__Human_Rights_Risks_in_Mining.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMwyngloddio" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTamufor" class="citation book">Tamufor, Lindlyn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210818134145/http://twnafrica.org/twnaf_humanrights-compilation.pdf"><i>Human Rights Violations in Africa's Mining Sector</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ghana: Third World Network - Africa. t. 9. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://twnafrica.org/twnaf_humanrights-compilation.pdf">gwreiddiol</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> ar 2021-08-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Rights+Violations+in+Africa%27s+Mining+Sector&rft.place=Ghana&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Third+World+Network+-+Africa&rft.aulast=Tamufor&rft.aufirst=Lindlyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftwnafrica.org%2Ftwnaf_humanrights-compilation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMwyngloddio" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFinancial_Times2019" class="citation news">Financial Times (7 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/c6909812-9ce4-11e9-9c06-a4640c9feebb">"Congo, Child Labor and Your Electric Car"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Congo%2C+Child+Labor+and+Your+Electric+Car&rft.date=2019-07-07&rft.au=Financial+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fc6909812-9ce4-11e9-9c06-a4640c9feebb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMwyngloddio" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2019" class="citation web">Kelly, Annie (16 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/dec/16/apple-and-google-named-in-us-lawsuit-over-congolese-child-cobalt-mining-deaths">"Apple and Google named in US lawsuit over Congolese child cobalt mining deaths"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Apple+and+Google+named+in+US+lawsuit+over+Congolese+child+cobalt+mining+deaths&rft.date=2019-12-16&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Annie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development%2F2019%2Fdec%2F16%2Fapple-and-google-named-in-us-lawsuit-over-congolese-child-cobalt-mining-deaths&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMwyngloddio" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2021" class="citation web">Marshall, Claire (2021-09-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/more-220-environment-land-rights-000300439.html">"Record number of environmental activists murdered"</a>. <i>BBC via Yahoo News</i> (yn Saesneg)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">2021-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+via+Yahoo+News&rft.atitle=Record+number+of+environmental+activists+murdered&rft.date=2021-09-13&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fmore-220-environment-land-rights-000300439.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMwyngloddio" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBehrendtStrelein2001" class="citation web">Behrendt, Larissa; Strelein, Lisa (March 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/old-habits-die-hard-indigenous-land-rights-and-mining">"Old Habits Die Hard: Indigenous Land Rights and Mining in Australia"</a>. <i>Cultural Survival</i> (yn Saesneg)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">2021-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cultural+Survival&rft.atitle=Old+Habits+Die+Hard%3A+Indigenous+Land+Rights+and+Mining+in+Australia&rft.date=2001-03&rft.aulast=Behrendt&rft.aufirst=Larissa&rft.au=Strelein%2C+Lisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalsurvival.org%2Fpublications%2Fcultural-survival-quarterly%2Fold-habits-die-hard-indigenous-land-rights-and-mining&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMwyngloddio" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mirarr.net/pages/uranium-mining">"Uranium Mining – The Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation"</a>. <i>Mirarr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">2021-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mirarr&rft.atitle=Uranium+Mining+%E2%80%93+The+Gundjeihmi+Aboriginal+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mirarr.net%2Fpages%2Furanium-mining&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMwyngloddio" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPhillipsMilhorance2021" class="citation web">Phillips, Tom; Milhorance, Flávia (2021-09-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/10/indigenous-warrior-women-brazil-ancestral-lands-protest">"Indigenous warrior women take fight to save ancestral lands to Brazilian capital"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> (yn Saesneg)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">2021-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Indigenous+warrior+women+take+fight+to+save+ancestral+lands+to+Brazilian+capital&rft.date=2021-09-10&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Milhorance%2C+Fl%C3%A1via&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fsep%2F10%2Findigenous-warrior-women-brazil-ancestral-lands-protest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMwyngloddio" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=27400">"Brazil: Supreme Court must uphold indigenous land rights – UN expert"</a>. <i>UN OHCHR</i>. 2021-08-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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